taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DD227FFC120618FF1CF979A44D62C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Somalia: Pays des Comalis, Meraya, M. G. Revoil 7 (holotype: P barcode P 00373931!). Heterotypic synonym: Cleome venosa Hutch., ined. Geographic distribution: Somalia.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC120618FF1CFA01A49F63C3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus (designated by Green 1925). Heterotypic synonyms: Cadaba Forsskal (1775: 67, pro min. parte). Buhsea Bunge (1859: 41). Type: Buhsea coluteoides (Boissier) Bunge. — Siliquaria Forrskal (1775: 78). Type: Siliquaria glandulosa Forsskal (Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murbeck). Polanisia Rafinesque (1819: 378, pro min. parte). Cleome sect. Siliquaria (Forrskal) Candolle (1824: 239, pro min. parte). — Cleome sect. Eucleome Kuntze (in Post 1903: 129). — Cleome sect. Cleomopsis Bobrov (1939: 633). Type: Cleome turkmena Bobrov. — Micambe Adanson (1763: 407). Type (designated here): Micambe ornithopodioides (Linnaeus) Medikus. — Diorimasperma Rafinesque (1838: 111). Type: Diorimasperma violacea (Linnaeus) Rafinesque. — Sinapistrum Miller (1754).	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC15061FFF1CFF13A54761F5.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Tunisie: Maroc: Oasis d’Akka (plusieurs indiv. Recoltes par le rabbin Mardochee en mars 1872 et en 1873 [Hb. Coss.] (P barcode P 05328491!; isolectotypes: LE barcode LE 00013126 [photo!], P barcodes P 05328488!, P 05328490! & P 05328493!). Additional syntypes: Algerie: Prov. d’Alger: Guerrara, autour de Beni Isguen dans l’Oued Mzab, 11 janvier 1857 [Hb. Coss.] (P barcode P 05328492!); Algerie: Prov. de Const.: Lit d’un oued desscche pres de Beni Mora entre Biskra et Hammam Salahin, 15 avril 1903, S. Murbeck s. n. (LD barcode LD 1221985 [photo!]); Tunisie: Dj. Hattig, 17 mai, Miss. Bot. 1884 [Hb. Mus. Par.] (not found). Homotypic synonym: Cleome arabica Linnaeus subsp. amblyocarpa (Barratte & Murbeck) Ozenda (1958: 247). Heterotypic synonyms: Siliquaria glandulosa Forsskal (1775: 78). Type: Egypt: Cairo (‘ ad Birket el hádgi prope Káhiram’), 1762, P. Forsskal 640 (lectotype, designated here: C barcode C 10003078 [photo!]; isolectotype: C barcode C 10003079 [photo!]). Cleome siliquaria Brown (in Salt 1814: 65). Cleome africana Botschantzev (1964: 130). Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murbeck var. glandulosa (Forrskal) Botschantzev (1968: 237). — Cleome hexandra Poiret ex Steudel (1821: 206), pro. syn. — Cleome arabica Linnaeus var. lutea Parsa (1947: 17). Type: Bampour, 600 m. 6.5.39, Parsa 343 (holotype: K barcode K 000643949!). Cleome daryoushiana Parsa (1951: 909). Note 1: Barratte and Murbeck (1905) clearly designate four collections on which this name is based (syntypes). Collections of three of these syntypes have been located, but the other has yet to be discovered. Despite this, six sheets are known that are syntype material. Botschantzev (1968) designated as the lectotype the Oasis d’Akka material with the lectotype at P and an isolectotype at LE. However, there are four sheets of the Oasis d’Akka collection at P, and so Botschantzev’s lectotypification is insufficient to clarify the type specimen. For this reason, I have chosen one of these (P barcode P 05328491!) as the best representative of the material available and the lectotype. Note 2: As described by Botschantzev (1964), Cleome siliquaria Brown cannot be used for this species because when the combination was made in Cleome, the specific epithet from the original publication was not kept, and there was not a prior published C. glandulosa so it cannot be considered a replacement name. Later, de Candolle (1824) applied the Ruiz and Pavon name Cleome glandulosa for a different species, but this was after the name change by Brown (in Salt 1814). A second sheet of the type collection has been added to the Forsskal Herbarium at C. It is numbered 1735, but it seems clear this is the same collection as Forsskal 640, here designated the lectotype, as they are both collected in 1762 from “ ad Birket el hádgi prope Káhiram ” and it is here considered an isolectotype. Geographic distribution: North Africa from Morocco east to Egypt, south to Sudan and Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula, and throughout most of southwest Asia as far east as Iran.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC15061EFF1CFA93A55C6441.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Arabia, F. Hasselquist s. n. (S-Bergius 2.2.3.2 [photo!]; isolectotypes: S-Bergius 2.2.3.1 [photo!], S-Linn. S 09 - 24947 [photo!]). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome trinervia Fresenius (1834: 177). Type: Wadi Scheck., 4000 ’, Mai, Rueppel s. n. (FR, probably destroyed; see Lobin 1999; lectotype, designated here: Mus. Senckenberg. 1: Tab. XI. 1834). — Cleome aschersoniana Pfund (1874: 413). Type: “ in monte Atakka prope Suez. ” (not located). Note 1: Linnaeus (1755) clearly refers to a collection by F. Hasselquist as the type of C. arabica, but there are two sheets in the S-Bergius herbarium of the F. Hasselquist collection. I here designate S-Bergius 2.2.3.2 as the lectotype as it is in slightly better condition than the other. Jarvis (2007) attributes lectotypification to Hedge & Lamond in Reichinger, Fl. Iranica 68: 27. 1970: “ Hasselquist (SBT) ”; however, as there are two sheets in the Bergius herbarium, a specific sheet as lectotype needs to be identified, which is done here. Additionally, the collection S-Linn. S 09 - 24947 in the S-Linnaeus herbarium is considered part of the F. Hasselquist collection and therefore type material (as described by Kers 1966: 340). Further, there is material in the S-Bergius herbarium (2.3.9.52) that is not type material – it was labeled C. arabica but it is a species of Trigonella (Fabaceae). There are also two collections in the Linnaeus herbarium (LINN 850.20 and LINN 850.21) that are not C. arabica and are not type material. Those two collections are C. amblyocarpa and the misidentifications are likely the result of the confusion of these two species (Kers 1966). Note 2: It has been presumed that the type material of C. trinervia is lost, as was suggested by Lobin (1999, p. 9: [translated] “ Already in the handwritten catalog of Geyler (1867 - 87) not mentioned. The type material must therefore be considered lost. ”). FR has a collection (FR barcode FR 0030179) that is labeled as possible type material, but there is no information associated with the specimen, other than a handwritten label “ Cleome nova trinervia ”. I cannot unequivocally determine this as the type. The protologue does refer to a drawing (“ Tafel XI ”), and I designate it here as the lectotype. Note 3: While the description of Cleome aschersoniana fits Cleome arabica Linnaeus, no type material or original collections have been found. It is possible that there is material at B, C, CAIH, or elsewhere that has never been recognized as type material and therefore not digitized. Geographic distribution: Egypt, Sinai, Israel, Iran, Arabia.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC14061EFF1CFEFEA4D56745.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Afghanistan. Charikar, Kitam. In declivibus australibus jugi Salang, 2285 m, Stainton 5072 (holotype: E barcode E 00326218 [photo!]; isotype: W). Geographic distribution: Afghanistan, Pakistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC14061EFF1CFDFDA536605D.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Asia occidentale, Bagdad, 1837, Aucher-Eloy 418 (P barcode P 00741822!; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643889!, K! [no barcode]). Additional syntypes: Hab. prope Bagdad, Aucher-Eloy 4188 (P barcodes P 00741820! & P 00741821!). Homotypic synonym: Buhsia coluteoides (Boissier) Bunge (1859: 41). Heterotypic synonyms: Cadaba trinervia Candolle (1824: 244). Type: in Persia prope Ispahan, Micheaux s. n. (holotype: P barcode P 05373324 [photo!]). Buhsea trinervia (Candolle) Stapf (1886: 306). Buhsea trinervia (Candolle) B. Fedtschenko (in Fedtschenko & Fedtschenko 1906: 296). — Buhsea trinervia (Candolle) Stapf var. ramosa Bornmüller (1904: 57). Type: Iran. Persia borealis, in valle fluvii Sefidrud in declivitatibus montium prope Rudbar, 300 m, J. F. N. Bornmüller and A. Bornmüller 6308 (lectotype, designated here: JE barcode JE 00007300 [photo!]; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643890!, P barcode P 05373334!). — Cleome raddeana Trautvetter (1871: 19), syn. nov. Type: In Turcomania, prope Krasnowodsk, Radde s. n. (holotype: LE [photo!]). Buhsea raddeana (Trautvetter) Borissova (in Fedtshenko 1948: 164). Buhsia raddeana (Trautvetter) Kamelin (1970: 1462, in obs.). Note 1: Kotschy 14 (K 000643891!, P 00741823!, P 05373316!, P 05373331!) and Bunge s. n. (K 000643892!, P 05373327!) are not type material of C. coluteoides despite sometimes being refered to as such. Note 2: It seems clear that the type collection of C. raddeana is an immature specimen of C. coluteoides rather than a different species. This fruit presentation can be easily found on specimens of C. coluteoides where there are typical inflated fruits below and the same large, uninflated, and immature fruits above. This was previously suggested by Hedge & Lamond (1970), although they continued to recognize it as a separate species. Geographic distribution: Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC14061EFF1CFA0AA79E622A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Iran: Tehran, Olivier & Bruguiere s. n. (holotype: P barcode P 00741825!; isotype: P barcode P 00741826!). Heterotypic synonym: Cleome melilotoides Turczaninow (1854: 320). Type: Prope Ispaban, Aucher-Eloy 4187 (holotype: KW [photo!]; isotypes: LE barcode LE 00013137 [photo!], K! [no barcode], P barcodes P 05373281!, P 05373282!, P 05373284!, P 05373285!, P 05373286! & P 05373289!). Note: Material at MO, W, and WIS (MO barcode MO 1608379 [photo!], W barcode W-Rchb. 1889 - 0077492 [photo!], WIS barcode WIS 0259058!) have been referred to as isotypes of C. melilotoides; however, these sheets are of collection Aucher-Eloy 4184 not 4187, and so are not type material of this name. The material of Aucher-Eloy 4187 at KW has been mislabeled “ 4189 ” on JSTOR Global Plants. Geographic distribution: Iran.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC14061DFF1CF8D1A20B6761.taxon	materials_examined	Type: In Bagdad and Mossul, Olivier and Bruguiere s. n. (holotype: G-DC barcode G 00207175 [photo!]; isotypes: P barcodes P 00741829!, P 00741830!, P 00741831!, P 00741832! & P 00741833!). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome glauca Candolle (1824: 239). Type: Arabia, Olivier s. n. (holotype: P barcode P 00741828!; isotype: P barcode P 00741827!). — Cleome kotschyana Boissier (1867: 413). Type: Iraq. Kurd.: Mosul: Inter Pesh Khabur et Bawart, Kotschy 402 (lectotype, designated here: K barcode K 000643937!; isolectotype: K barcode K 000643936!); Additional syntypes: ad Euphrateum, Chesney 149 (E barcode E 00443812 [photo!], K! [no barcode], P barcode P 00741844!); in deserto inter Hama et Palmyram ad Gebel Abiad, Blanche s. n. (not located). Note: There are two sheets of C. kotschyana at P: one, P barcode P 00741842!, has the label “ Professor C. Haussknecht, Iter orientale 1867, Tell Afar, Angriae [?], May ” and also has a label that looks to have writing in Boissier’s hand with the species name; the second has two barcodes: P 00741843 has the same label as the previous specimen and the second, P 00741844, has the label “ Colonel Chesney’s Expedition to Euphrates, No. 149, Herb. Al. de Bunge ” and handwritten text. The Chesney 149 material is part of the syntype collection, but the material of Haussknecht from 1867 is not type material. There is a similar specimen that is a combination of the Chesney 149 and Haussknecht s. n. material in K! [no barcode]. The Blanche collection cited in the original description has not yet been found. Of the other two syntype collections, the material Kotschy 402 is clearly better and more complete and K 000643937 is chosen here to be the lectotype. Geographic distribution: Syria, Arabia, Iraq, Iran, western Pakistan, and Afghanistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC17061DFF1CFD1EA45066AD.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Нab. in рrovinciis bucharicis Вaissun, Кelif et Gusar Тurkestaniae, Florens et fructifiсаns, 2 Aug. 1914, М. G. Popov s. n. (LE [photo!]; isolectotype: TASH [photo!]). Additional syntypes: Нab. in рrovinciis bucharicis Вaissun, Кelif et Gusar Тurkestaniae, florens, 29 Jun. 1915, М. G. Popov s. n. (not found); Нab. in рrovinciis bucharicis Вaissun, Кelif et Gusar Тurkestaniae, sine fl. et fr., 12 Jun. 1914, М. G. Popov s. n. (not found). Geographic distribution: Turkestan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC17061DFF1CFC5AA7BE61A2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Yemen: Hadramaut, 9 km NE of N Hemiar in the Masila oilfield, 11 Oct. 1992, Thulin, Eriksson, Gifri & Langstrom 8296 (holotype: UPS; isotypes: K, Aden Univ. [herbarium not indexed]). Geographic distribution: Yemen.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC17061DFF1CFB5EA42463C5.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Afghanistan, Herat, Sep. 1858, Bunge s. n. (P barcode P 00741835!; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643940!, G, L barcode L 1850548!, LE barcodes LE 00013133 [photo!] & LE 00013134 [photo!], P barcodes P 00741834! & P 00741836!, P [no barcode]). Heterotypic synonym: Cleome gaubae Rechinger (1940: 38). Type: Iran: Khorasan, 10 Jul. 1937, Gauba 2504 (holotype: W barcode W 19520000311 [photo!]). Note: Since Bunge did not designate an herbarium location for his types and there are significant portions of his collections at both LE and P (Hb. Cosson), lectotypification of C. heratensis is necessary. Both collections at LE are small and without mature fruits, while one of the collections at P is in good shape, and includes good vegetative material, flowers, and fruits (P 00741835!). For these reasons it is chosen as the lectotype. There are not digitized collections of this type from G, although it is expected that a duplicate resides there, as suggested by Hedge and Lammond (1970), and given the naming of the species by Boissier. Geographic distribution: Iran, Afghanistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC17061CFF1CF962A23E6111.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Tiflin, Steven s. n. (G-DC barcode G 00207236 [photo!]; isolectotypes: P barcodes P 00741861!, P 00741862! & P 00741863!). Additional syntypes: Iberia, Fischer s. n. (G-DC barcode G 00207207 [photo!], P barcode P 05360167!). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome canescens Steven ex Candolle (1824: 241). Type: [Ukraine]. In Tauria merid., 1820, Steven s. n. (holotype: G-DC barcode G 00207233 [photo!]; isotype: LE). Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus subsp. canescens (Steven ex Candolle) Tzvelev (1979: 30). — Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus var. sessilis Boissier (1867: 411). Type: Asia Mineure / Asia occidentale / in anatolia, 1837, Aucher-Eloy 416 (lectotype, designated here: P barcode P 00741847!; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643948!, P barcodes P 00741845! & P 00741846!). Other syntypes: Ciliciâ in pinetis ad Gülek (Kotschy [2] 79 a, P barcodes P 00741860! & P 05418722!); ad Bosantetchai (Bal.) (not found); in Cataoniae Barruchdagh (Haussknecht s. n., K barcode K 000643947!, JE barcode JE 00007299 [photo!], P barcode P 05418725 [photo!]); ad Ardana (Noë) (not found). — Cleome circassica Tzvelev (1963: 132). Type: [U. D. S. S. R., W. Caucasus] In vicinis urb. Novorossijsk, 7 Jul. 1892, V. Lipsky s. n. (holotype: LE). — Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus f. dahhestanica Ruprecht (1869: 137). Type: [U. S. S. R.] Caucasus orientalis supra pag. Tindi, 7 Jul. 1861, F. Ruprecht s. n. (holotype: LE). Cleome daghestanica (Ruprecht) Tzvelev (1963: 128). — Cleome donetzica Tzvelev (1963: 131). Type: [U. S. S. R., S. Russia] In declivitate saxosis ad vallem fl. Donetz. bor. Prope pag. Ekateriminskaja, 21 Jul. 1887, D. Litwinow s. n. (holotype: LE). Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus subsp. donetzica (Tzvelev) Tzvelev (1979: 30). Note 1: Material at P in the type folder for C. iberica includes two sheets: P 00741861! & P 00741862! [together on one sheet], and P 00741863! & P 00741864! [together on one sheet]. P 00741862 and P 00741863 both clearly state “ Tiflin ” (or Tiflis), as in Candolle’s description. P 00741864 is a Haussknecht collection from 1865, so is clearly not type material. Material at Jena labeled “ syntypus ” (JE 00007298 [photo!]) is not syntype material as it was collected in 1865 by Haussknecht. Type material is supposed to also be at LE and W, but has not been seen by the author. Hedge and Lammond (1970) refer to a photo of a specimen at G, but as G holds collections of both the Stevens syntype and the Fischer syntype, this cannot be considered lectotypification. Note 2: The type material of C. ornithopodioides Linnaeus var. sessilis Boissier does not have glandular hairs on the calyx, making it synonymous with C. iberica Candolle rather than C. ornithopodioides Linnaeus s. s. This was properly placed in synonymy under C. iberica by Blakelock and Townsend (1980), but not by Carlström (1984), who placed it in synonymy under C. ornithopodioides Linnaeus s. s. Boissier (1867: 411) lists five syntype collections for this name: “ Hab. in Anatoliâ (Auch. exs. 416!), Ciliciâ in pinetis ad Gülek (Ky exs. 79 a!), ad Bosantetchai (Bal!), in Cataoniae Barruchdagh (Haussk!) et ad Ardana (Noë!). ” I conclude here that the “ Ky exs. 79 a ” is a typographical error for the Kotschy 279 a collection at P. The Balansa and Noë syntypes have not been located. There are two Noë collections at München (M barcodes M 0240959 [photo!] & M 0240960 [photo!]) and one at Paris (P barcode P 05418726!) that are of the correct vintage; however, they are clearly marked as collected at Constantinopole, whereas the Noë syntype was collected in Ardana (Cyprus). The Aucher-Eloy material is the most abundant of the syntypes and P 00741847 is the best of those specimens and for that reason is chosen as the lectotype. Geographic distribution: Cyprus, Lebanon, Turkey, Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, and central Asia.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC16061CFF1CFBCEA43660A5.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Iran: Meschhed, Jul. 1858, Bunge s. n. (P barcode P 00741838!; isolectotypes: G, K barcodes K 000643945! & K 000643946!, L barcode L 1850563!, LE barcodes LE 00013135 [photo!] & LE 00013136 [photo!], P barcodes P 00741837!, P 00741839!, P 00741840!, P 00741841! & P 05373288!). Note: As with C. heratensis, above, a lectotype is necessary for C. khorassanica, and while there are several good specimens of this collection, P 00741838 is the best combination of vegetative, floral, and mature fruit material. Hedge and Lammond (1970) suggest there is type material at G, but none of those collections have, apparently, been digitized. Geographic distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC16061CFF1CFA42A7A6639A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Oman: Dhofar, 4 km W of Mugsail, 200 m, 2 Sep. 1989, Miller & Nyberg M. 9029 (holotype: E; isotypes: K, KTUH, ON). Homotypic synonym: Cleome albescens Franchet subsp. omanensis Chamberlain & Lamond (in Chamberlain et al. 1994: 52). Geographic distribution: Oman.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC160613FF1CF946A5756762.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated by Meikle 1977): LINN HL 850.18 [photo!] (isolectotype: BM barcode BM 000646389 [photo!]). Homotypic synonym: Micambe ornithopodioides (Linnaeus) Medikus (1789: 43). — Hemiscola ornithopoides Rafinesque (1838: 111), nom. nud. Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome dilleniana Candolle (1824: 240). Type: “ in Oriente. Dill. Elth. T. 266. C. ornithopodioides auctorum excl. Buxb. syn. ” (holotype: GDC barcodes G 00207100 + G 00207101 [photo!]). — Cleome aurea Čelakovský (1884: 113). Type: [Greece]. Turciae in peninsula Athos ad claustrum Chilandar in arvis et arenosis, 1884, S. Breuer s. n. (lectotype, designated here: PR barcode PR 154920 [photo!]). — Cleome cypria Čelakovský (1884: 114). Type: [Cyprus]. In vinetis prope Galata, 15 Jun. 1880, P. Sintenis & G. Rigo 812 (lectotype, designated here: PR barcode PR 154979 [photo!]; isolectotypes: BR barcode BR 0000006985875 [photo!], K barcodes K 000643950!, K 000643951!, K 000643952! & K 000643953!, K! [no barcode], LD, P barcodes P 05360091!, P 05360113! & P 05360172!). Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus subsp. cypria (Čelakovský) Holmboe (1914: 93). — Cleome macedonica Heldreich ex Nadji (1892: 11). Type: Macedonia: in petrosis ad Taschlek deressi prope Thessalonicam, L. Charrel 1115 (lectotype, designated here: JE barcode JE 00007266 [photo!]; isolectotypes: GE [photo!], K barcodes K 000643954! & K 000643955!, P barcodes P 05418723!, P 05418727!, P 05418728! & P 05418732!, PR barcode PR 154921, WIS barcodes WIS 0259054! & WIS 0259055!). Note 1: The type material of C. dilleniana includes two plants mounted together on one sheet but individually barcoded. These are presumed, in combination, to represent the holotype. Note 2: Čelakovský types are presumed to be at PR, but as C. aurea did not have a holotype explicitly designated, the PR specimen is designated as the lectotype. It is not clear if there are more specimens of this collection in other herbaria. Note 3: As with Note 2, Čelakovský types are presumed to be at PR, but as C. cypria did not have a holotype explicitly designated, the PR specimen is designated as the lectotype. Geographic distribution: Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Cyprus.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC190613FF1CFD1EA579613D.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Iran: Dalechi, Mar. 1842, T. Kotschy 142 (P barcode P 00741868!; isolectotypes: B barcode B 100365578 [photo!], BM barcode BM 000522338 [photo!], K barcode K 000643932!, LE barcodes LE 00013140 [photo!] & LE 00013141 [photo!], P barcodes P 00741867!, P 00741869! & P 04725555!, PR barcode PR 154980, WIS barcode WIS 0259063!). Heterotypic synonym: Cleome hotsonii Blatter & Hallberg (in Blatter et al. 1919: 58). Type: India: hills near Ispikan, about 20 miles NE of Mand, 1200 - 1500 ft (90, 90 A), fl. & fr. in Mar. 1918, Hotson s. n. (holotype: BLAT barcode BLAT 89205 [photo!]). Note: Hedge & Lamond (1970) states that the types of C. oxypetala are at W, E, K, BM. There are apparently no specimens of this at G where many of the Bossier types are located. Note that on the same sheet as the isolectotype collection P 00741869, there is also mounted a Bunge collection (P 00741870) that is not type material. Geographic distribution: Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Arabia.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC190613FF1CFBEAA4406079.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Pakistan: Baluchistan: E- 4 Ahmedwal near Nushki, 11 Oct. 1934, V. P. Dutta 5 (holotype: RAW). Homotypic synonym: Cleome heratensis Bunge & Bienert ex Boissier subsp. pakistanica Jafri (1973: 25). Note: The original description places the type at RAW, but correspondence with Dr. Amir Sultan and Uzma Abdul Salam suggests the type material is now housed at KUH, but correspondence has not yet confirmed its presence there. Geographic distribution: Pakistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC190613FF1CFA26A5996255.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Sudan: Fazagl, Cordofan, Arabia, A. Figari s. n. (holotype: FI barcode FI 000592 [photo!]). Homotypic synonym: Polanisia ramosissima (Parlatore ex Webb) Durand & Schinz (1898: 163). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome arabica Linnaeus var. stenocarpa Franchet (1882: 11). Type: Pays des Comalis, Somalia, Daga Safré, Ouarsanguélis, M. G. Revoil 4 (lectotype, designated here: P barcode P 00373933!; isolectotypes: P barcodes P 00373932! & P 00373934!). — Cleome schweinfurthii Gilg (1895: 62). Type: Eritrea: G. A. Schweinfurth 1894 (holotype: B barcode B 100154657 [photo!]). — Cleome enneme Schweinf., ined. Note: Cleome enneme is an unpublished name associated with G. A. Schweinfurth 1117 (K barcode K 000643916!, LE barcode LE 00013129 [photo!], P barcode P 00741895!). Geographic distribution: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Arabian Peninsula.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC190612FF1CF8F2A40B6489.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Sind (W. Pakistan), lower hills, Vicary s. n. (holotype: K barcodes K 000247284! & K 000247372!). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome stocksiana Boissier (1854: 47). Type: Beloochistan [Beloutschistan]: Zahro [Zahree], Stocks 1110 (lectotype, designated here: K barcode K 000643934!; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643935!, K! [no barcode]). — Cleome oxypetala Boissier var. micrantha Boissier (1867: 415). Type: Mascate Arabiae orient., Aucher-Eloy 4181 (lectotype, designated here: P barcode P 05393011!; isolectotypes: K barcode K 000643933!, P barcode P 05360166!). Note: The holotype of C. rupicola includes two barcodes, K 000247284 and K 000247372, corresponding to two labels of the same collection on the same sheet. It is not clear what labels go with what stems and as they are all one collection on the same sheet they are here treated collectively as the holotype. Geographic distribution: Iran, Pakistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC180612FF1CFE36A7B767AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Socotra. “ Galonsir ”, 18 May 1881, G. Schweinfurth 710 (lectotype, designated by Thulin, 2003: K barcode K 000230599!; isolectotype: P barcode P 00741902!). Additional syntypes: Socotra. in campis calcareis, Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 76 (BM, K barcode K 000230600!); Socotra. G. Schweinfurth 659 (K barcode K 000230598!). Geographic distribution: Socotra.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC180612FF1CFD56A4ED6352.taxon	materials_examined	Type: [Iran]: e Persia boreali, 1820, Steven s. n. (holotype: G-DC barcode G 00207206 [photo!]). Homotypic synonym: Cleome virgata Steven ex Candolle (1824: 240), non C. virgata Thunberg (1800: 109). Heterotypic synonyms: Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus var. stipitata Boissier (1867: 411). Type: In aridis arenosis, saxosis, in arena fluviorum pluvialium ditionis Swant, Georg. cauc. Altitud. 3000 - 4000 ’, Jul. 1836, R. F. Hohenacker s. n. (lectotype, designated here: P barcode P 05360104!; isolectotypes: P barcodes P 00741866!, P 05360105!, P 05360106! & P 05360107!). Additional syntypes: Hab. In Anatoliâ ad Smyrnam et Bursam (Sibth., not found), Armeniâ Turcicâ ad Erzerum (Calv., K! [no barcode]) and Rossicâ (Kowal, not found), Tauriâ (Steven s. n., P barcode P 00741865!), prov. Caucasicis (MB. Hohen., P barcodes P 05360108!, P 05360109!, P 05360110!, P 05360111!, P 05360112! & P 05360116!), Persiâ boreali et australi (Szow., P 05360092! [?]), Auch. exs. 4180 (not found), 4182 A (P barcodes P 05360136! & P 05360139!) and 417 (P barcodes P 05360142!, P 05360144! & P 05360147!), Ky. exs. 396 (P barcodes P 05360121!, P 05360122! & P 05360123!). — Cleome ornithopodioides Linnaeus var. lactea Bornmüller (1904: 57). Type: Iran. In valle fluvii Sefidrud in declivitatibus montium supra Rudbar, J. F. N. Bornmüller and A. Bornmüller 6306 (holotype: JE barcode JE 00007297 [photo!]; isotypes: K! [no barcode], P barcode P 05360169!). Note: In the protologue for C. ornithopodioides var. stipitata, Boissier (1867) listed 11 syntype collections from seven localities. Twentytwo presumed syntype sheets have been located. The Steven (P 00741865) and Hohenacker (P 00741866) collections are mounted on the same sheet. P 05360092 is likely syntype material, but as the sheet and original description do not exactly match, it is not entirely clear. There are actually three different Hohenacker collections that make up syntype material as inferred here: most of the material is labeled exactly as in the description (P barcodes P 00741866, P 05360104, P 05360105, P 05360106 & P 05360107) and was collected in 1836, four sheets are labeled “ Georg. cauc. ” (P barcodes P 05360108, P 05360109, P 05360112 & P 05360116) collected in 1838, and two sheets are labeled “ In collibus saxosis aridis Georgiae caucasicae ” (P barcodes P 05360110 & P 05360111) collected in 1835. There is more material available of the first of these Hohenacker s. n. collections than any of the other syntypes, and P 05360104 is a good representative of the name and is chosen here as the lectotype. Geographic distribution: Turkey, Caucasia, Iran.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC180612FF1CF90EA40B6229.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Kara Kala, in valle fluminis sumbar, in gypsaceis, Popov s. n. (LE or VLA, not located). Geographic distribution: Turkmenistan.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC180611FF1CF8D6A48164B6.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): Herb. Clifford: 341, Cleome 3 (BM barcode BM 000646388 [photo]). Additional syntypes: Herb. Linn. No. 850.19 (LINN [photo!]); Herb. A. van Royen No. 899.54 - 107 (L barcode L 0052916 [photo!]). Homotypic synonym: Micambe violacea (Linnaeus) Medikus (1789: 43). Heterotypic synonym: Cleome deflexa Ruiz & Pavon ex Candolle (1824: 240). Type: in herb. Lamb. Ruiz López, H. & J. A. Pavón y Jiménez s. n. (holotype: G-DC barcode G 00206983 [photo!]). Note: In the original list of material for C. violacea, Linnaeus includes two illustrations: “ Cleome floribus hexandris, genitalibus declinatis, siliquis subulatis. Hort. cliff. 341. Roy. lugdb. 340, [cr] Trifolium siliquosum, flore violaceo, lusitanicum. Barr. ic. 866. [cr] B. Sinapistrum peregrinum alterum, flore luteo. Barr. ic. 865. melior. [cr] Habitat in Lusitania. ” These two Barrelier illustrations from 1714 are also important syntype material. Geographic distribution: Spain, Portugal, Morocco.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC1B0611FF1CFDAAA28A67F2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Unknown. Note: This name was published in 1826, not 1824 as stated in some references. The 1824 copy of Hoffmannsegg’s work only treats Cleome violacea. It is not clear what this name refers to, it has never seen usage in taxonomic treatments, and no type material has been located to allow for definitive application of the name.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
03DD227FFC1B0611FF1CFCAEA2886111.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Unknown (possibly LE?). Note: It is not clear what this name refers to, it has never seen usage in taxonomic treatments, and no type material has been located to allow for definitive application of the name. Based on the description it may be a synonym of C. violacea Linnaeus, but the type material has not been located despite efforts to find it in a number of herbaria. No material matching this has been found in LE, but an exhaustive search has not yet been possible.	en	Roalson, Eric H. (2021): A revised synonymy, typification, and key to species of Cleome sensu stricto (Cleomaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (1): 54-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.2
