taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DDDC5E133BFF86FF55FD39D033FAED.taxon	type_taxon	(Type species: Monocentris carinata Bloch & Schneider 1801).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF86FF55FD39D033FAED.taxon	discussion	Two genera are recognized in the family Monocentridae. Monocentris differs from Cleidopus De Vis, 1882, in having a broad (deep) suborbital space (> 8.2 % SL); a large mouth with upper jaw straight; relatively long snout, subequal to eye diameter; a black light organ at tip of lower jaw; toothless vomer; and relatively smaller maximum size (usually less than 15 cm SL), whereas Cleidopus has a very narrow suborbital space with lower margin of eye almost adjacent the upper jaw (2.9 – 3.2 % SL); small with S-shaped upper jaw; snout clearly shorter than eye diameter; an orange light organ on each side of lower jaw under eye; vomer with teeth; and a relatively larger maximum size (up to 26 cm).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF86FF55FD39D033FAED.taxon	description	According to Paxton (1999), the lateral line is absent in monocentrids, however, our specimens possess a small canal through each scale in a row where a lateral line is commonly found in beryciform fishes (LLS in Fig. 1). Thus, we recognized this row of scales as lateral-line scales. Previously, the genus has comprised two species: M. japonica in the Indo-West Pacific and M. reedi in the southeastern Pacific. A third species similar to M. japonica is described below.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	description	Figs. 3 – 4, 5 A, 6, 10, 12 A, 13 – 14. Tables 2 – 4	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	materials_examined	(Type locality: Nagasaki, Japan; no types known).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	materials_examined	(Type locality: Nagasaki, Japan).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	materials_examined	(Type locality: Japan; no types known).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	description	Non-types. Eighty specimens, 16.4 – 147.0 mm SL. Taiwan (58 specimens): CSIRO H 7398 - 16 (1 specimen, 92.1 mm SL), off Dong-gang fishing port (ca. 22 ° 22 ' 22 " N, 120 ° 27 ' 34 " E), Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, 18 Mar. 2012. NMMB-P 03656 (1, 104.9), NMMB-P 03678 (2, 94.3 – 101.6), off Dong-gang, 28 May 2002, coll. J. - H. Wu. NMMB-P 04146 (2, 100.4 – 100.9), 14 Aug. 1997. NMMB-P 06200 (1, 82.4), off Daxi (ca. 24 ° 53 ' 37 " N, 121 ° 55 ' 26 " E), Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, 8 May 2003, bottom trawl, coll. Y. - M. Ju. NMMB-P 09063 (1, 100.3), off Dong-gang, 13 Jun 2008, coll. C. - W. Chang. NMMB-P 24055 (1, 61.9), off Ke-Tzu-Liao (ca. 22 ° 42 ' 53 " N, 120 ° 13 ' 12 " E), Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, 11 March 2015, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 30547 (1, 73.6), off Dong-gang, 6 Dec. 2018, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 33774 (1, 51.1) Ke-Tzu-Liao, 23 May 2019, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 36037 (3, 94.6 – 116.7), Keelung, northeastern Taiwan, COI: ON 025557 – ON 025559. NMMB-P 36195 (20, 102.6 ‒ 144.0), NMMB-P 36196 (20, 84.5 ‒ 130.3), NMMB-P 36197 (3, 94.2 ‒ 101.8), black individuals, all collected from outside Tainan, western Taiwan, 150 ‒ 200 m, 2021. NMMB-P 36198 (1, 120.0), 23 ° 10 ' N, 119 ° 31 ' E, off Chimei Island, south of Penghu, 27 Jan. 2022. NMMB-P 36199 (1, 104.0), 22 ° 50 ' N, 119 ° 54 ' E, off Chiehdin, Kaohsiung, 12 Feb. 2021. Japan (11): KAUM – I. 71509 (1, 99.8), East China Sea, COI: ON 025550. KAUM – I. 73146 (1, 130.4), collected with neotype, COI: ON 025551. KAUM – I. 127912 (1, 103.8), off Tanabe, Wakayama, 33 ° 39 ' 24.0 " N, 135 ° 12 ' 07.2 " E, 13 July 2018, COI: ON 025553. KAUM – I. 131687 (1, 54.7), off Uchinoura Bay, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima, 31 ° 16 ' 54.5 " N, 131 ° 04 ' 56.7 " E, 30 – 35 m, 9 Jul. 2019, set net, coll. M. Yamada, COI: ON 025554. KAUM – I. 149072 (1, juvenile, 16.4), off Bandokorobana National Park, Beppu, Ei, Minami-kyushu, Kagoshima, 31 ° 14 ' 29.4 " N, 130 ° 25 ' 33.0 " E, 0.3 m, 16 Dec. 2020, hand net, coll. R. Furuhashi, COI: ON 025555. KAUM – I. 153257 (1, juvenile, 24.6), east of Sakinoyama, Kataura, Kasasa, Minami-satsuma, Kagoshima, 31 ° 25 ' 26.4 " N, 130 ° 11 ' 29.4 " E, 4 Jan. 2021, set net, coll. M. Itou, COI: ON 025556. MNHN 0000 - 5116 (1, 90.4), 1868. MNHN 0000 - 7355 (1, 91.1), Japan, no other data. MNHN A- 0448 (1, 97.4), dry specimen. MNHN 1889 - 0015 (1, ca. 102), dry specimen. MNHN 1904 - 0292 (1, ca. 122), dry specimen. China (2): MNHN 0000 - 7354 (1, 104.7), no other data. MNHN 0000 - 8375 (1, 101.5), no other data. Australia (1): NMMB-P 00593 (1, 147.0), 1 May 1985, bottom trawl, no other data. New Caledonia (4): MNHN 1996 - 0967 (1, 140.2), 20 ° 00 ' 00.0 " S, 158 ° 46 ' 01.2 " E, Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea, 225 m, 22 Jul. 1984. MNHN 1996 - 0969 (1, 133.2 +, tail broken), 23 ° 40 ' 58.8 " S, 167 ° 58 ' 58.8 " E, 280 m, 23 May 1987. MNHN 1996 - 0970 (1, 130.4), 19 ° 46 ' 22.8 " S, 158 ° 25 ' 04.8 " E, Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea, 203 – 208 m, 1 Aug. 1988. MNHN 2014 - 2709 (1, 109.4 +, tail broken), 20 ° 30 ' 6.5 '' S, 158 ° 42 ' 2.1 '' E, Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea, 196 ‒ 213 m, 13 Oct. 2005. Reunion (2): MNHN 1966 - 0849 (1, 137.4), 20 ° 58 ' 01.2 " S, 54 ° 34 ' 58.8 " E, west of Reunion, 180 m, Jun. 1966. MNHN 1966 - 0731 (1, 134.6), 20 ° 45 ' S, 53 ° 15 ' E, northwest of Reunion, 80 m, 1964. Madagascar (1): MNHN 1996 - 0968 (1, 141.6), 23 ° 19 ' 58.8 " S, 43 ° 34 ' 01.2 " E, off Tulear, 300 m, 17 Mar. 1969.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Monocentris differing from its congeners in having following combination of characters: LLS 13 – 17; LLB 1 11 – 14, modally 11 – 12; LLB 3 8; total gill rakers 16 – 20; scales between LLB 4 and AS small, its posterior tip not reaching second postpelvic scute; vomer without teeth; and mouth large, reaching vertical through posterior margin of eye.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	description	Description. Meristic and morphometric values are provided in Tables 2 and 3. Data below are for the neotype, followed by range in other specimens in parentheses, except where indicated. Dorsal-fin rays V, i + 10 = 11 (V – VII, i – ii + 9 – 11 = 10 – 12); anal-fin rays i + 9 = 10 (i + 8 – 10 = 9 – 11); principal caudalfin rays 10 + 9 = 19 (9 – 10 + 8 – 9 = 17 – 19), uppermost and lowermost rays unbranched; procurrent caudal-fin rays 5 (3 – 5) dorsally and 4 (3 – 5) ventrally; pectoral-fin rays ii + 12 + 0 = 14 (ii + 9 – 12 + 0 – ii = 13 – 15); pelvic-fin rays I, 3; gill rakers 6 + 1 + 12 = 19 (5 – 7 + 1 + 10 – 13 = 16 – 20); LLA 1 15 / 15 (13 – 17 / 13 – 16); LLA 2 6 / 6 (2 – 6 / 2 – 6); LLS 15 / 14 (13 – 17 / 13 – 16); LLB 1 12 / 12 (11 – 14 / 11 – 13); LLB 2 8 / 8 (8 – 9 / 7 – 9); LLB 3 8 / 8; LLB 4 3 (prepelvic) + 4 (postpelvic) / 3 + 4; scales surrounding dorsal-fin base 23 (19 – 23); scales surrounding anal-fin base 6 (6 – 8); medium predorsal scales 3 (2 – 4, mode 3); abdominal scutes 2 (rudimentary) + 3 (prepelvic) + 4 (postpelvic) (rarely 2 + 3 + 5); vertebrae 12 + 14 = 26 (12 + 13 – 14 = 25 – 26, n = 25); pyloric caeca 6 – 8 (based on NMMB-P 36037, n = 3); pseudobranchial filaments 19 (14 – 21, n = 16); branchiostegal rays 8. Body oblong, longer than deep, depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.9 (1.4 – 2.0) in SL. Head large, its length 2.3 (2.1 – 2.4) in SL, and subequal to its height, 1.0 (0.8 – 1.0) in HL; upper profile in front of dorsal fin roundly convex, with forehead region gently concave; forehead narrow, its width 4.1 (3.6 – 5.1) in HL; eyes moderately small, 3.9 (2.6 – 3.7) in HL; snout broadly rounded, extending clearly before maxilla, its length 3.3 (3.2 – 4.0) or 3.6 (3.5 – 4.8) in HL; space between eyes convex and broad, interorbital width 2.5 (3.3 – 3.7) in HL; crests on head bones well-developed, connected by thin membranes with numerous tiny pores. Mouth large, posterior end of maxilla (lower corner) extending clearly beyond vertical thorugh posterior margin of eye. Nostrils nearly connected to each other but separated by narrow membranes, both immediately in front of anterior margin of eye and above horizontal through of eye; posterior nostril much larger than anterior one. Long groove extending from symphysis of premaxillae to tip of snout. Small blunt dentigerous knob at each side of symphysis of dentaries, with a concavity right behind the knob where the light organ is housed. Supramaxilla elongate, rectangular posteriorly, covering most of posterior portion of maxilla with long needle-like process at anterodorsal corner; posteroventral corner of maxilla exposed. Most portions of lateral and medial surfaces of premaxilla covered with villiform teeth; anterior third and inner portion of posterior two-thirds of dentary covered with villiform teeth, a long fleshy patch of papillae on outer portion of dentary; symphyseal notch of premaxilla naked and knob at symphysis of dentaries with villiform teeth. Palatine with narrow band of teeth; vomer toothless. Gill rakers rod-shaped, somewhat laterally compressed, with villiform teeth on their tips and inner surfaces; those in outer row of first arch longest; rakers on inner row of first arch and both inner and outer rows of second to third arches short; small tooth patches forming bumps, present on midline of all four outer arches. Villiform teeth present on fifth ceratobranchial. Small villiform tooth patch on second pharyngeal arch forming oval patch. Large teardrop-like tooth patch on third pharyngeal arch. Body covered with enlarged firmly-attached bony scales, scales slightly overlapping; spines on anterior scales rudimentary, and eventually developed as central spine pointing backward; pectoral-fin base covered with 3 rows of cycloid scales; caudal-fin base covered with several small scales with a central spine; abdominal margin with single row of serrated scutes, the last forming a strong posterior spine; 2 scales present between LLB 4 and AS on inner surface of pelvic-fin base (Fig. 5 A), second scale large, reaching anterior margin of second post-pelvic scute; isthmus with 1 or 2 enlarged scales; gular region naked, without scales. Dorsal-fin spines thickened, second spine longest, and subsequent spines progressively shorter; first four spines connected with membranes at base, and alternating side to side; bases of spinous dorsal fin concave, forming groove to receive spines; outer margin of soft rays rounded. Pectoral fin short, 1.5 (1.4 – 1.7) in HL, its tip reaching lateral line, but not reaching vertical through anal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin spine enlarged, its length 1.3 (1.0 – 1.8) in HL; abdominal scutes and LLB 4 forming a large groove to receive pelvic spine. Caudal-fin margin slightly concave, tips rounded. Pyloric caeca pale, unbranched. Size. Moderately small species, the largest specimen examined by us is 147.0 mm SL; reported up to 170 mm SL in Australia (Sainsbury et al. 1985). Coloration. When fresh, body yellowish, body scales with distinct black margin (Figs. 3 A, 4). Mouth cavity, including underside of the tongue, peritoneum, and stomach whitish. Vomer, palatine, outer margin of premaxilla, and dentary black. Preserved specimens with a darker yellowish body (Fig. 3 B). In some moderately large individuals, the body is darker than normal (NMMB-P 36197, 94.2 ‒ 101.8 mm SL, Fig. 4 B), but never found in larger individuals. Otolith morphology. Two sagittal otoliths taken from NMMB-P 36199 (117.0 mm SL) measured 9.7 and 9.8 mm in length (Fig. 6). Otolith square to rhomboidal, 8.3 – 8.4 % SL, length / depth ratio 1.15. Dorsal margin irregular crenate, roughly divided into 3 lobes; ventral margin smoothly curved; posterior margin entire, slightly convex, no pseudo-excisura or pseudo-rostrum; distal surface flat to slightly convex with some shallow grooves associated with the lobes on dorsal margin; proximal surface slightly concave; sulcus groove deep and wide, heterosulcoid, ostium clearly larger and wider than cauda, ostium not open anteriorly; colliculum heteromorph; crista superior welldeveloped to ridge-like, crista inferior not developed; rostrum steep, its margin nearly straight; antirostrum poorly developed; no notch on excisura; dorsal depression deep and broad, extending from antirostrum nearly to posterior end of cauda; ventral depression absent.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E133BFF8FFF55FA69D16AFDB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, including Japan, Taiwan, China, New Caledonia (including Chesterfield Islands), Australia, Red Sea, Reunion, Madagascar, and South Africa. Inhabits from shallow waters to ca. 300 m depth. Records from New Zealand belong to a distinct species (Su et al. in preparation).	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	description	New English name: Golden-diamond pineapple fish New Chinese name: ḔṖṘ 梨 ⁂ Figs. 2, 5 B, 7 – 10, 12 B, 13 – 14. Tables 2 – 4	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. NMMB-P 36126 (115.5 mm SL), off Dong-gang (ca. 22 ° 22 ' 22 " N, 120 ° 27 ' 34 " E), Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, northern South China Sea, 20 Oct. 2021, bottom trawl, collected by Y. Su and S. - C. Chung. COI: ON 025560. Paratypes. Twenty-five specimens, 38.8 – 127.6 mm SL. Taiwan (18): AIM MA 73643 (2 specimens, 90.5 – 105.4) and FMNH 146587 (2, 89.2 – 111.8), out of NMMB-P 22837. DOS 08609 (1, 82.1), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, 25 Aug. 2021, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Su, N. - S. Leung, and S. - L. Ng, COI: ON 025564. KAUM – I. 111010 (1, 115.9), off Donggang, 27 Nov. 2017, bottom trawl, coll. K. Koeda, S. Tashiro and S. Morishita, COI: ON 025565. NMMB-P 20499 (1, 118.3), off Dong-gang fishing port, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, 21 Mar. 2013, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 22837 (2, 87.6 – 87.9), off Ke-Tzu-Liao (ca. 22 ° 42 ' 53 " N, 120 ° 13 ' 12 " E), Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, 11 Feb. 2015, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 24006 (1, 38.8), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, 12 Mar. 2015, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 27579 (1, 49.1), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, bottom trawl, 6 Apr. 2017, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 30666 (1, 114.0), off Dong-gang, 25 Oct. 2018, bottom trawl, coll. K. Koeda and M. - Y. Lee. NMMB-P 31576 (1, 96.3), off Dong-gang, 21 Mar. 2018, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 36127 (1, 110.7), off Dong-gang, 17 Sep. 2021, bottom trawl, coll. S. - L. Ng, COI: ON 025561. NMMB-P 36128 (1, 100.9), off Dong-gang, 29 Oct. 2021, bottom trawl, coll. S. - L. Ng. NMMB-P 36129 (1, 43.5), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, 1 May 2021, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Su, COI: ON 025562. NMMB-P 36131 (1, 86.0), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, 17 Feb. 2022, bottom trawl, coll. Y. - C. Chen. NMMB-P 36136 (1, 103.9), dried specimen, off Ke-Tzu-Liao, coll. H. - C. Ho. Vanuatu (4): MNHN 2010 - 0778 (1, 127.6), MNHN 2010 - 0779 (1, 120.9), MNHN 2010 - 0781 (1, 123.3), MNHN 2010 - 0782 (1, 116.9), 15 ° 33 ' 46.8 " S, 167 ° 18 ' 54.0 " E, Tutuba, 330 – 341 m, 30 Sep. 2006. Solomon Islands (1): MNHN 2014 - 0261 (1, 108.2), 10 ° 25 ' 60.0 " S, 161 ° 24 ' 00.0 " E, San Cristobal, 190 – 232 m, 23 Sep. 2007. Australia (2): AMS I. 25805 - 009 (1, 116.7), R / V Soela, st. SO 1 / 86 / 11, north of Townsville, Queensland, 18 ° 00 ' 00.0 " S 147 ° 04 ' 00.0 " E, 260 – 264 m, 10 Jan. 1986. CSIRO H 3642 - 14 (1, 107 mm SL), east of Rockingham Bay, Queensland, 18 ° 03 ' 24.0 " S, 147 ° 04 ' 48.0 " E, 30 Nov. 1993, coll, G. Yearsley. Non-types. Eighty specimens, 37.1 – 123.3 mm SL. Taiwan (68): NMMB-P 08072 (1, 50.7), off Dong-gang, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, 16 Jun. 2016, bottom trawl, coll. Y. - M. Ju. NMMB-P 08360 (1, 96.5), off Donggang, 16 Mar. 2005, coll. Y. - M. Ju. NMMB-P 11962 (1, 82.6), off Dong-gang, 26 Feb. 2011, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 15423 (1, 91.0), no other data. NMMB-P 21017 (1, 103.8), off Dong-gang, 12 Mar. 2014, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 24444 (1, 81.5), off Ke-Tzu-Liao, Kaohsiung, southwestern Taiwan, 19 Mar. 2016, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 21995 (1, 63.3), off Dong-gang, 25 Sep. 2013, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 22427 (1, 103.2), off Dong-gang, 17 Feb. 2015, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 28218 (1, 102.6), off Dong-gang, 13 Oct. 2017, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 32733 (1, 110.5), off Dong-gang, 18 Aug. 2010, bottom trawl, coll. C. - W. Chang. NMMB-P 33032 (9, 88.0 ‒ 114.0), off Dong-gang, 19 Jul. 2019, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 34253 (1, 55.9), off Dong-gang, 15 May 2020, bottom trawl, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 36137 (1, 74.6), dried specimen, collected with NMMB-P 36136. NMMB-P 36200 (30, 81.0 ‒ 108.3), NMMB-P 36201 (17, 79.0 ‒ 118.0), off Tainan, western Taiwan, 150 ‒ 200 m. Australia (12): AMS I. 25805 - 009 (6, 97.2 ‒ 117.2), R / V Soela, st. SO 1 / 86 / 04, north of Townsville, Queensland, 18 ° 00 ' S, 147 ° 02 ' E, 220 m, 9 Jan. 1986. CSIRO H 592 - 16 (1, 109.6), FRV Soela, sta. SO 06 / 84 / 43, south of Flinder’s Reefs. Queensland, 17 ° 57 ' S, 146 ° 58 ' E, 212 m, 29 Nov. 1985. CSIRO CA 1415 (1, 122.2), FRV Soela, sta. SO 04 / 80 / 59, south of Clarke Reef, Western Australia, 1 8 ° 0 7 ' S, 119 ° 21 ' E ~ 18 ° 08 ' S, 119 ° 22 ' E, 160 ‒ 175 m, 12 Jun 1980. CSIRO H 3642 - 22 (1, 108.1) and CSIRO H 3643 - 24 (1, 114.8), FRV Southern Surveyor, sta. SS 0793 / T 1, east of Rockingham Bay, Queensland, 18 ° 03.4 ' S, 147 ° 04.8 ' E ‒ 18 ° 00.5 ' S, 147 ° 00.9 ' E, 205 ‒ 214 m, demersal trawl, 30 Nov. 1993. CSIRO H 5635 - 21 (1, 118.4) and CSIRO H 5635 - 22 (1, 121.0), east of Rockingham Bay, Queensland, 17 ° 36 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E ‒ 18 ° 08 ' S, 147 ° 09 ' E, demersal trawl, 223 ‒ 248 m, 21 Aug 2000. Possible hybrid individuals. Six specimens, all collected around Taiwan. NMMB-P 33032, 1 of 10, off Donggang, 19 Jul. 2019, coll. H. - C. Ho. NMMB-P 36138 (1, 65.9), collected with NMMB-P 36136. NMMB-P 36130 (1, 80.7), collected with NMMB-P 36037, COI: ON 025563. NMMB-P 36202 (3, 98.5 ‒ 124.7), ca. 23 ° 00 ' 56.4 " N, 119 ° 56 ' 02.2 " E, off Tainan, 150 ‒ 200 m, 2021.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name chrysadamas, treated as a noun in apposition, is a combination of Greek “ chrys ” and “ adamas ”, meaning “ golden ” and “ diamond ”, in reference to its yellowish body color when alive and diamondshaped body scales. Moreover, the meaning of these two words in Chinese also refers to a famous agricultural variety of pineapple in Taiwan, which this new pineapple fish resembles.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Monocentris differing from its congeners in having following combination of characters: LLS 12 – 15; LLB 1 10 – 11, modally 10; LLB 3 6 – 7; total gill rakers 16 – 20; scales between LLB 4 and AS small, its posterior tip not reaching second postpelvic scute; vomer without teeth; and mouth large, reaching a vertical through posterior margin of eye.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	description	Description. Meristic and morphometric values are provided in Tables 2 and 3. Data below are for the holotype, followed by the range for selected paratypes and non-types in parentheses, except where indicated. Dorsal-fin rays VI, i + 9 = 10 (V – VII, i – ii + 8 – 10 = 10 – 12); anal-fin rays i + 9 = 10 (i + 9 – 10 = 10 – 11); principal caudalfin rays 10 + 9 = 19 (9 – 10 + 9 = 18 – 19), uppermost and lowermost rays unbranched; procurrent caudal-fin rays 5 (4 – 5) dorsally and 4 ventrally; pectoral-fin rays ii + 11 + i = 14 (ii + 10 – 12 + 0 – i = 13 – 15); pelvic-fin rays I, 3; developed gill rakers 6 + 1 + 12 = 19 (5 – 7 + 1 + 10 – 12 = 16 – 20); LLA 1 14 / 13 (12 – 15 / 12 – 15); LLA 2 5 / 5 (2 – 7 / 2 – 6); LLS 14 / 13 (12 – 15 / 12 – 15); LLB 1 10 / 10 (9 – 12 / 9 – 11, mode 10 / 10); LLB 2 7 / 7 (7 – 9 / 7 – 8); LLB 3 7 / 6 (6 – 7 / 6 – 7); LLB 4 3 (prepelvic) + 4 (postpelvic) / 3 + 4; scales surrounding dorsal-fin base 22 (18 – 21); scales surrounding anal-fin base 6 (6 – 8); medium predorsal scales 4 (1 – 4, mode 3); abdominal scutes 2 (rudimentary) + 3 (prepelvic) + 4 (postpelvic) (rarely 2 + 2 + 4); vertebrae 12 + 14 = 26; pyloric caeca 8 (7, n = 2); pseudobranchial filaments 16 (14 – 21); branchiostegal rays 8. Body oblong, longer than deep, depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.7 (1.4 – 1.7) in SL. Head large, its length 2.2 (2.0 – 2.3) in SL, and subequal to its height, 1.0 (0.9 – 1.0) in HL; upper profile in front of dorsal fin slightly rounded, with forehead region gently concave; forehead narrow, its width 4.3 (3.6 – 4.6) in HL; eyes moderately small, 3.4 (2.8 – 3.2) in HL; snout broadly rounded, extending clearly before maxilla, its length 3.4 (2.9 – 3.9) or 3.8 (3.3 – 4.1) in HL; space between eyes convex and broad, interorbital width 2.7 (2.4 – 2.8) in HL; crests on head bones well-developed, connected by thin membranes with numerous tiny pores. Mouth large, posterior end of maxilla (lower corner) extending clearly beyond vertical through posterior margin of eye. Nostrils nearly connected but separated by narrow membranes, both immediately in front of anterior margin of eye and above horizontal thorugh center of eye; posterior nostril much larger than anterior one. Long groove extending from symphysis of premaxillae to tip of snout. Small blunt dentigerous knob at each side of symphysis of dentaries, with concavity right behind the knob where the light organ is housed. Supramaxilla elongate, rectangular posteriorly, covering most of posterior portion of maxilla with long needle-like process at anterodorsal corner; posteroventral corner of maxilla exposed. Most of lateral and medial surfaces of premaxilla and covered with villiform teeth; anterior third and inner portion of posterior two-thirds of dentary covered with villiform teeth, a long fleshy patch of papillae on outer portion of dentary; symphyseal notch of premaxilla and knob at symphysis of dentaries naked. Palatine with narrow band of teeth; vomer toothless. Gill rakers rod-shaped, somewhat laterally compressed, with villiform teeth on their tips and inner surfaces; those in outer row of first arch longest; rakers on inner row of first arch and both inner and outer rows of second to third arches short; small tooth patches forming bumps, present on midline of all four outer arches. Villiform teeth present on fifth ceratobranchial. Small villiform tooth patch on second pharyngeal arch forming oval patch. Large teardrop-like tooth patch on third pharyngeal arch. Body scales enlarged and firmly attached to each other and slightly overlapped; spines on anterior scales rudimentary, and eventually developed as central spine pointing backward on posterior portion; pectoral-fin base covered with 3 rows of small cycloid scales; caudal-fin base covered with several small scales, each with a central spine; abdominal margin covered with single row of serrated scutes, the last forming a strong posterior spine; 2 small scales present between LLB 4 and AS, posterior tip of second scale not reaching second postpelvic scute (Fig. 4 B); isthmus with 1 or 2 enlarged scales; gular region naked, without scales. Dorsal-fin spines thickened, second spine longest, and subsequent spines progressively shorter; first four spines connected by membranes at base and alternating side to side; base of spinous dorsal fin concave, forming a groove to house the spines; outer margin of soft dorsal fin rounded. Pectoral fin short, 1.6 (1.3 – 1.7) in HL, its tip reaching lateral line, but not reaching vertical through anal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin spine enlarged, its length 1.4 (1.1 – 1.6) in HL; abdominal scutes and LLB 4 forming a large groove to receive pelvic-fin spine. Caudal-fin margin slightly concave, its lobes rounded. Pyloric caeca pale, unbranched. Size. Moderately small species. The largest specimen examined was 127.6 mm SL, a female with well-developed eggs, implying it is a moderately small species and smaller than M. japonica. Coloration. When fresh (Figs. 7 A, 8), body slightly yellowish. Underwater photo in Okamura & Amaoka (1997) shows a more bright-yellow body color, implying it has a bright-yellowish color when alive. Scales with black margin. Oral cavity, including underside of the tongue, peritoneum, and stomach whitish. Vomer, palatine, outer margin of premaxilla, and dentary black. When preserved, coloration similar to fresh but paler in appearance. Otolith morphology. Two sagittal otoliths were taken from NMMB-P 36200 (105.0 mm SL), 9.9 and 10.0 mm in length (Fig. 9). Otolith square to rhomboidal, 9.4 – 9.5 % SL, length / depth ratio 1.14 – 1.17. Dorsal margin irregular crenate, divided into indistinct lobes; ventral margin convex, nearly straight; posterior margin entire, slightly convex and wave-like with a small pseudo-excisura and a blunt pseudo-rostrum; distal surface slightly depressed dorsally with some shallow grooves associated with the lobes on dorsal margin and convex ventrally with rough surface; proximal surface slightly concave; sulcus groove deep and wide, heterosulcoid, ostium clearly larger and wider than cauda, ostium opens anteriorly to excisura; colliculum heteromorph; crista superior well-developed to ridge-like, crista inferior not developed; rostrum convex; antirostrum small, blunt; a clear notch on excisura; dorsal depression deep and broad, extending from antirostrum to nearly posterior end of cauda; ventral depression absent.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
03DDDC5E1332FF95FF55FD45D528FEEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Records from literature and this study suggest a wide distribution in the western Pacific, including Taiwan (Shao et al. 2013; Koeda & Ho 2019; this study), Korea (Kim & Nakaya 2013), Japan (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984; Okamura & Amaoka 1997), the Philippines (Fourmanoir 1981), Vanuatu (this study), the Solomon Islands (this study), and Western Australia and Queensland, Australia (this study). Records from Vanuatu imply it may inhabit depths to 341 m, slightly deeper than that of M. japonica. Genetic analysis. The maximum-likelihood tree strongly supports the monophyly of both M. chrysadamas sp. nov. and M. japonica at species-level distinction, with a 99 % and 81 % bootstrap value, respectively (Fig. 10). Although M. chrysadamas possesses two sub-clades on the tree, the genetic distance calculated by K 2 P model shows only a 0.835 % difference among these two sub-clades, which is much lower than expected species-level differences (Table 4). Overall, M. chrysadamas has a genetic distance of 3.566 % with M. japonica, with an intraspecific distance of 0.424 %.	en	Su, Yo, Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2022): A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Zootaxa 5189 (1): 180-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.18
