identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DC8783FFD48959F9F624DFFBDEF942.text	03DC8783FFD48959F9F624DFFBDEF942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loffienema dhanoriensis Shah & Allie & Vaid & Handoo 2018	<div><p>Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 1 &amp; 2; Table 1)</p><p>Description. Female. Body less than 1 mm long, straight to slightly arcuate upon fixation, tapering at both ends, more so at posterior end. Cuticle finely, annulated transversely and striated longitudinally. Lateral fields with four lines. Labial region 8-9µm wide, symmetrical, set off by a constriction, wider than adjoining body. Lips six, separate, labial papillae small, not well differentiated. Amphidial apertures postlabial, 1.2–1.3 lip diameters behind the labial region. Stoma long, tubular, evenly cuticularized, 1.8–1.9 lip diameters long. Cheilostom simple, not cuticularized; gymnostom long with parallel walls. Stegostom isoglottoid, weakly developed, each plate with a pair of setose denticles. Pharyngeal collar tissue covering 52–56% of stoma. Procorpus well-developed, muscular; median bulb 19–21 µm wide or 2–2.1 lip diameters wide. Isthmus cylinder and muscular. Terminal bulb well developed, 2.4–2.5 lip diameters wide. Corpus 57–60% of pharyngeal length. Nerve ring encircling isthmus 100– 108µm from anterior end or at 65–66% of pharyngeal length. Excretory pore at level of middle of isthmus 114– 116µm from anterior end, 69–70% of pharyngeal length. Cardia small. Intestine granulated, with wide lumen. Reproductive system amphidelphic; anterior branch on right and posterior on left side of the intestine. Ovaries reflexed, oocytes arranged in two or more rows in the germinal zone. Oviduct simple. Spermatheca not differentiated. Uterus well developed with glandular and muscular parts. Vagina simple, less than half body diameter long. Vulva a transverse slit. Rectum 1.1–1.3 anal-body diameter long, anteriorly dilated. Tail long, filiform, 5–6.7 anal body diameter long. Phasmids 1.6–1.8 anal body diam. behind anus.</p><p>Males: Morphology similar to females, but smaller in size. Body slender, arcuate, curved in posterior region upon fixation. Testis single, dorsally reflexed. Spicules slender, separate, almost straight. Gubernaculum spathulate, proximally broad with blunt distal tip, 55–58% of spicule length. Bursa leptoderan, reduced, barely discernible. Caudal papillae eight pairs, three pairs pre-and five pairs post-cloacal. The first pair lies well anterior to the spicules; the seventh pair of caudal papillae are dorsally curved. Caudal papillae are arranged in a 1+1+1/ 1+1+1+2 pattern. Tail short and conoid.</p><p>Type material: Holotype: Female on slide Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. /1; deposited in the nematode collection of the Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.</p><p>Paratypes: Females and males on slide Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. /2-5; deposited in the nematode collection of Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri.</p><p>Habitat and Locality: From soil mixed with mature compost, Biodiversity Park, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name is derived from its spathulate shape of gubernaculum (German word “löffel (spoon)” for “spathulate”). The species name refers to the type locality, Dhanore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8783FFD48959F9F624DFFBDEF942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shah, Li. A.;Allie, Kaisar Ahmad;Vaid, Shavish;Handoo, Zafar A.	Shah, Li. A., Allie, Kaisar Ahmad, Vaid, Shavish, Handoo, Zafar A. (2018): Description of Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir State, India. Zootaxa 4402 (1): 189-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.11
03DC8783FFD4895BF9F62380FC78FD8B.text	03DC8783FFD4895BF9F62380FC78FD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loffienema Shah & Allie & Vaid & Handoo 2018	<div><p>Loffienema gen. n.</p><p>Diagnosis: Body medium-sized, less than 1 mm in length. Cuticle finely transversely annulated and longitudinally striated. Lips well-developed, separate, labial papillae small, not well differentiated. Amphidial apertures postglacial. Stoma long, tubular, evenly cuticularized. Cheilostom simple not cuticularized, gymnostom with parallel walls. Stegostom isoglottoid, weakly developed, with a pair of setose denticles on each plate. Pharyngeal collar present, covering about 52% of stoma. Pharyngeal corpus muscular, swollen to form median bulb. Female reproductive system amphidelphic, vulva pre-median. Spicules slender, separate, almost straight. Gubernaculum spathulate, proximally broad and with blunt tip distally. Bursa reduced. Caudal papillae eight pairs. Female tail filiform.</p><p>Relationships: The new genus resembles Stegorhabditis in having postlabial amphidial apertures, weakly developed stegostom, amphidelphic reproductive system, and in the shape of spicules. These two genera can be distinguished by the shape of the labial region, cheilostom, shape of gubernaculum, presence of bursa, number of caudal papillae and male tail: labial region offset in Loffienema vs not well differentiated, cheilostom simple vs cuticularised, gubernaculum spathulate vs wedge shaped, bursa present vs absent, eight pairs of caudal papillae vs six pairs, and short conoid male tail vs filiform in Stegorhabditis.</p><p>The new genus also resembles Rhabditella in having slightly offset labial region, simple cheilostom, free spicules, rudimentary bursa and amphidelphic reproductive system. However, it can be differentiated from the latter genus by the position of amphids, glottoid apparatus, shape of spicules and gubernaculum, and number of bursal papillae: amphids postlabial vs in labial region, reduced vs well developed glottoid apparatus, spicules without dorsal arm vs with dorsal arm, gubernaculum spoon shaped vs simple, and eight pairs of bursal papillae vs nine.</p><p>Type and only species: Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8783FFD4895BF9F62380FC78FD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shah, Li. A.;Allie, Kaisar Ahmad;Vaid, Shavish;Handoo, Zafar A.	Shah, Li. A., Allie, Kaisar Ahmad, Vaid, Shavish, Handoo, Zafar A. (2018): Description of Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir State, India. Zootaxa 4402 (1): 189-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.11
