identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DF6410FF9EB04C2CA0FD5AB9E1A00E.text	03DF6410FF9EB04C2CA0FD5AB9E1A00E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asclerobia Roesler 1969	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Keys to the  Asclerobia species </p>
            <p> Species of the genus  Asclerobia are rather uniform in wing pattern; therefore, the superficial identification of species should be confirmed by other diagnostic characters: the genitalia of both sexes, the culcita of male abdomen (sternum VIII), structures of the head, and structure of the tympanal organ which, in the absence of sexual dimorphism, shows species specificity (figs 23–30). </p>
            <p>Key based on external characters:</p>
            <p> 1. The ratio of the length to the width of the middle segments of male antenna is 1:2, the segments are noticeably wider (Figs 14–15).........................................................................................  sinensis</p>
            <p>- The ratio of the length to the width of the middle segments of male antenna is 2:3, the segments are almost square (Fig. 13).. ................................................................................................... 2</p>
            <p> 2. Forewing: ante-medial line edged with grey-brown raised scales; the costa is same colour as the main background of the wing........................................................................................  alexandrae</p>
            <p>- Forewing: ante-medial line with bright red-brown raised scales; the costa is noticeably lighter (white covered with grey-black scales).................................................................................... flavatinctella</p>
            <p>Key based on male genitalia:</p>
            <p>1. False cornutus trapezoidal (Fig. 18d)............................................................ flavatinctella</p>
            <p>- False cornutus D- or C-shaped (Fig. 19d).................................................................. 2</p>
            <p> 2. Apex of the saccus truncate; the outer edge of the sacculus even.........................................  alexandrae</p>
            <p> - Saccus rounded apically; the outer edge of the sacculus slightly S-shaped crooked.............................  sinensis</p>
            <p>Key based on female genitalia:</p>
            <p> 1. Corpus bursae broadly egg-shaped (Figs 20a, 21a); ductus bursae departs from the “pole”..................  flavitinctella</p>
            <p>- Corpus bursae elongated egg-shaped (Fig. 22a); ductus bursae departs from the same side as ductus seminalis............ 2</p>
            <p> 2. The length of VIII segment is 2.2× its width, corpus bursae as long as ductus bursae, papillae anales straight, longer..................................................................................................  alexandrae</p>
            <p> - The length of VIII segment is 1.5× its width, corpus bursae as long as ductus bursae and antrum, papillae anales laterally have recess, shorter..................................................................................  sinensis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF6410FF9EB04C2CA0FD5AB9E1A00E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yepishin, Viktor	Yepishin, Viktor (2023): Additional information on the taxonomy of genus Asclerobia Roesler, 1969 (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). Zootaxa 5336 (2): 247-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6
03DF6410FF9DB0492CA0FF52BE02A5A0.text	03DF6410FF9DB0492CA0FF52BE02A5A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asclerobia flavitinctella (Ragonot 1893)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Asclerobia flavitinctella (Ragonot, 1893)</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–6, 13, 16–17, 18, 20–21, 23–26)</p>
            <p> Laodamia flavitinctella Ragonot, 1893: 418 , pl. 17, fig. 9. TL: “Indes orient. (Poona)” [India, Maharashtra, Pune] </p>
            <p> Salebria tchahabarella Amsel, 1950: 232–233 , figs 18, 58. TL: Iran, Bender Tchahbahar [Chabahar] syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Oligochroa [Salebria] tchahabarella (Ams.) ; Amsel 1970: 68, transferred to  Oligochroa</p>
            <p> Asclerobia flavitinctella (Ragonot, 1893) ; Shaffer et al. 1996: 176, transferred to  Asclerobia</p>
            <p> Pempelia tchabaharella Amsel, 1950 ; Asselbergs 2007: 494, pl. 24, fig. 17, lapsus calami </p>
            <p> Asclerobia tchahabarella (Amsel, 1950) ; Yepishin 2021: 153, 161, figs 5–6, 33, transferred to  Asclerobia</p>
            <p> Additional material from South India collected near the type locality of  A. flavitinctella as well as the examination of the type specimen of  A. tchahabarella allowed to revise the status of these taxa. The study of the genitalia structures and tympanal organs (figs 23–26) of both sexes, as well as adults from S India and S Iran, showed complete conspecificity between the  tchahabarella and  flavitinctella . Hence, the following synonymy is proposed:  Salebria tchahabarella Amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of  Asclerobia flavitinctella (Ragonot, 1893) . Below is a redescription of  A. flavitinctella and a description of hitherto unknown female genitalia. </p>
            <p> Material examined.   Paralectotype of  tchahabarella ♀, “ Iran Baloutchistan | Bender Tchahbahar | 22. Dezember 193 7 | Coll. Brandt ” || “  Salebria tchah- | baharella | [reverse:] Paratypus | leg.H.Amsel”; gen. prep. 600.21s V. Yepishin (SMNK). </p>
            <p> 1♀, Iran, Kahoorestan, Hormozgan prov., 75 m [altitude], [no date], Ayat [ollahi] and Paz [uki] leg.; the specimen has no left forewing and has label: “m 108 | m 108”; gen. prep. 709.23s V. Yepishin (SMNK) . </p>
            <p>  1♁, Iran,  Strasse Bandar-Abbas-Sirjan , km 40, 300 m [altitude], 30.iii.1973, H. G. Amsel leg.; gen. prep. ♁711.23s and antenna prep. 711.23a23s V. Yepishin (SMNK). </p>
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                  3♀, India,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.45/lat 11.083333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.083333">Niigiri Hills</a>
                 , Kunda Hills, Silent Valley, 1000 m [altitude], 11°05’N 76°27’E, 10–14.xii.1982, E. Bauer, A. Bauer and Schliermann leg.; gen. prep. 635.22s, 636.22s V. Yepishin (SMNK). 
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            <p> Diagnosis.  Asclerobia flavitinctella is characterized by the yellowish-brown forewing, the yellow ante-medial line with bright red-brown raised scales and light costa covered with grey scales.  Asclerobia alexandrae differs in having the yellowish-grey forewing with a bright yellow ante-medial line edged with grey-brown raised scales. In  Asclerobia sinensis the forewings are noticeably narrower, light-yellow with the almost concoloured indistinct ante-medial line that is edged inwardly with red raised scales, and with distinct grey costa. In male genitalia a false cornutus is trapezoidal, the editum is very small, triangular. In  A. sinensis and  A. alexandrae the false cornutus is D-shaped, and the editum is larger with a broad base. The female genitalia of  A. flavitinctella are characterized by broadly egg-shaped corpus bursa with specific longitudinal sclerotized zone in the posterior part of the base of the protrusion, and also by the fact that the ductus bursae departs from the “pole” of the corpus bursa. In female genitalia of  A. sinensis and  A. alexandrae ductus seminalis and ductus bursae depart from the same side of the corpus bursae, and the sclerotized zone of the base of the protrusion is funnel-shaped and enters the protrusion itself. </p>
            <p>Redescription. Adult (Figs 1–6): wingspan 17–21.5 mm. Head, tegulae, patagium and thorax light-yellow with light-brown slight tinge. Frons with long scales directed arcuately forward and forming a low cone with a wide base. Labial palpi light-yellow, yellow or dirty-yellow 2× as long as the diameter of eye. Maxillary palpi in male long brush-like, as long as the second labial palp segment; in female short, as long as the third labial palp segment. Antennae brown with light-yellow scales dorsally. Male antenna (Fig. 13) filiform, flattened, covered with very short hairs that are distinguishable only at high magnification; base of flagellum (3–5 antennal segments) with 4–5 barbs formed by special strong scales which can come off. Female antenna slightly flattened, filiform. Ground colour of forewings from dirty yellow, yellow-brown to yellow-grey with dark grey scales. Costa (costal streak), base, medial and postmedial area mainly yellow; basal, external and base of medial area covered with white and grey-brown scales. Ante-medial line yellow with raised red-brown scales. Sometimes noticeable grey or black discal spot (or double spot). Fringes dark yellow-grey. Hindwings from brown to light-grey, marginal line grey-brown and quite wide; fringes light yellow-grey. Legs from light grey with brown spots to dark grey.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 18): uncus slightly longer than its base, parallel-conical with blunt tip. Gnathos 2× shorter than uncus, hook-shaped, curved dorsally, tapers towards pointed apex. Tegumen in anterior half parallel-sided, in posterior half evenly narrowed, with distinct transition to uncus. Valva parallel-sided at base, remaining 2/3 narrowed to costa. Editum present, isosceles-triangular with rounded top, located in first quarter under costa. Cucullus pointed, weakly sclerotized, densely covered with setae. Costa severely sclerotized, almost parallel-sided. Sacculus strongly sclerotized, tapers evenly towards apex, on average 1.7× less than length of costa. Juxta V- or U-shaped, tips of irregular shape and covered with long setae. Vinculum elongated, 1.4× longer than wide at base; base parallel-sided, then sharply narrowing to ½ at its narrowest, then slightly expands again; the apex of saccus rounded. Aedeagus of almost even width, false cornutus trapezoidal is the twisted part of vesica which almost ½ length of aedeagus, strongly sclerotized consisting of distinct teeth-like projections. Culcita 1.4× as long as wide, with specific sclerotization.</p>
            <p> Variation.   In male genitalia of specimen from Iran (gen. prep. 711.23), immediately below the tip of the gnathos on the dorsal side there are two additional small teeth; this part of the gnathos is not visible on the photograph of the lectotype preparation of  tchahabarella (gen. prep. 795a, H. Amsel) published in Yepishin (2021)  . </p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Figs 20–21): papillae anales subtriangular, sparsely covered with long hairs. Posterior apophyses straight, long, on average 4.2–4.7× as long as papillae anales.Anterior apophyses straight, 1.5–1.6× shorter than posterior apophyses. Segment VIII almost quadrangular, 2× as short as anterior apophyses, posterior margin straight; anterior margin of tergum VIII rounded with a C-shaped unsclerotized zone seems like a cutout. Ductus bursae broad, as long as anterior apophyses. Antrum slightly wider than ductus bursae and 1.3–1.5× narrower than segment VIII, slightly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis very thin, arises from a conical, rapidly narrowing protrusion on right side of corpus bursae. Characteristic longitudinal sclerotized zone in posterior part of base of protrusion. Corpus bursae broadly egg-shaped with distinct wide transition to ductus bursae, which departs from the “pole” (its posterior end). Numerous thorn-like signa with irregular star-shaped base and 4–5 crooked rays gathered in semicircular cord.</p>
            <p> Remark.  Laodamia flavitinctella was described based on single male (fig. 2) from “Indes orient. Poona”, now Pune city, Maharashtra state of India. This specimen, kept at the MNHN (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle), Paris, is labeled as “Type” and should be considered the holotype. </p>
            <p>Distribution. S Iran: Hormozgan prov., Sistan and Baluchestan prov.; United Arab Emirates (Asselbergs 2007: 494); India: Maharashtra state, Kerala state; Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896: 97); Australia: along the northern coast (Shaffer et al. 1996: 176; iNaturalist 2023).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF6410FF9DB0492CA0FF52BE02A5A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yepishin, Viktor	Yepishin, Viktor (2023): Additional information on the taxonomy of genus Asclerobia Roesler, 1969 (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). Zootaxa 5336 (2): 247-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6
03DF6410FF9BB0462CA0FC93BEDAA670.text	03DF6410FF9BB0462CA0FC93BEDAA670.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asclerobia sinensis (Caradja 1937)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Asclerobia sinensis (Caradja in Caradja &amp; Meyrick, 1937) </p>
            <p>(Figs 7–12, 14–15, 19, 22, 27–30)</p>
            <p> Sclerobia sinensis Caradja in Caradja &amp; Meyrick, 1937: 148. TL: Tai Shan [Shandong prov., E China] </p>
            <p> 
Etiella yangtseella 
Caradja, 1939: 20 . TL: Batang (Tibet), Tal Yangtze (2800 m) [  Batang Town , Batang County, Sichuan Prov., Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China] syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Asclerobia sinensis (Caradja, 1937) ; Roesler 1969: 245, figs 1–2, transferred to  Asclerobia</p>
            <p> Epischnia yangtseella (Caradja) ; Whalley 1973: 5, transferred to  Epischnia</p>
            <p> Asclerobia gilvaria Yamanaka, 2006: 180–181 , figs 1, 5, 9, 13. TL: Japan, Hokkaido, Isoya-gun, Rankoshi-cho, Minatomachi; Streltzov 2010: 549, synonymized </p>
            <p> Material examined.   Paralectotype of  yangtseella ♁, [China, Sichuan prov.], “[round label with yellow edge] Para- | type” || “Batang. (Tibet). Im Tal | des  Yangtze (ca. 2800 m) | 6.8 1936. H. Hӧne. “ || “  E. yangtseella | Caradja | Paratype “ || „  Etiella |  yangtseella Car. | U. Roesler / Paratypus“ || [gen. prep.] “Slide | № 622.21 ♁ | V. Yepishin” || [antenna prep.] „Slide | № 622.21a23 ♁ | V. Yepishin“ (SMNK)  . </p>
            <p>  Paralectotype of  yangtseella ♀, [China, Sichuan prov.], “[round label with yellow edge] Para- | type” || “Batang. (Tibet). Im Tal | des  Yangtze (ca. 2800 m) | 8.6 1936. H. Hӧne. “ || “  E. yangtseella |  Caradja | Paratype. “ || „  Etiella |  yangtseella Car. | U. Roesler / Paratypus“ || “Slide | № 621.21 ♀ | V. Yepishin” (SMNK)  . </p>
            <p>  Topotypes of  sinensis 2♁, [China, Shandong prov., Mount Tai]  Tai-Shan ,  Prov. Shantung , 1550 m, 10[?]. v.1934 and 12.v.1934, H. Hӧne [leg.]; gen. prep. 11004 M. Horak, antenna prep. 11004a23s V. Yepishin (SMNK). </p>
            <p>  1♀, [China, Shaanxi prov., Qinling Mountains,  Taibaishan ]  Tapaishan im Tsinling , Sued-Shensi, Ca. 3000 m, 14.vi.1936, H. Hӧne [leg.] (SMNK)  . </p>
            <p>  1♁, China, Ningxia Hui AR,  Yanchi Counti, 2 km NW Majia Houzhuang, 1452 m, 37.70°N 107.04°E, 15.vi.2019, O. Bidzilya leg.; gen. prep. 387.20s V  . Yepishin (ZMKU). </p>
            <p>  1♀, China, Ningxia Hui AR,  Yanchi Counti, 1 km S Erdao Lake, 1407 m, 37.65°N 107.29°E, at light, 13.vi.2019, O. Bidzilya leg.; gen. prep. 457.20s V  . Yepishin (ZMKU). </p>
            <p>  1♀, Afghanistan, Nuristan [prov.],  Bashgultal , 1100 m, 9.iv.[19]53, J. Klapperich [leg.]; gen. prep. in glycerol vial 710.23g V. Yepishin  . </p>
            <p>  1♀, SO- Afghanistan, [Kandahar prov.], Safed Koh, S-Seite,  Kotkai , 2350 m, 19–23.vi.1966, H. G. Amsel leg.; gen. prep. in glycerol vial 730.23g V. Yepishin  . </p>
            <p> 1♁,   1♀, SO- Afghanistan, [Kandahar prov.], Safed Koh, S-Seite,  Kotkai , 2350 m, 20.vi.[19]67; gen. prep. in glycerol vial ♁ 732.23g V.  Yepishin . </p>
            <p> 1♁,   1♀, SO- Afghanistan, [Kandahar prov.], Safed Koh, S-Seite,  Kotkai , 2350 m, 1 and 23.vi.1968, M. Müller leg.; gen. prep. in glycerol vial ♁ 733.23g  ,  ♀ 731.23g V . Yepishin (all SMNK). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Asclerobia sinensis is characterized by the comparatively narrow light-yellow forewings and almost the same non-prominent ante-medial line that is edged inwardly with yellowish-red raised scales, and distinct grey streak along costal margin (Figs 7–12). Labial palpi are from light-grey to grey-brown and dorsally yellow, which in  A. flavitinctella in various shades of yellow, and from yellow to grey in  A. alexandrae . Middle segments of male antenna are elongated in width, 2× as wide as long (Figs 14, 15), in related species middle segments of antenna are almost square, 1.4–1.5× as wide as long. In male genitalia (Fig. 19) the saccus is rounded apically and the outer edge of the sacculus is slightly S-shaped crooked, distinguishing this species from  A. alexandrae ; in the form of false cornutus,  A. sinensis differs from  A. flavitinctella . In female genitalia (Fig. 22) the length of VIII segment is 1.5× its width (2.2× its width in  A. alexandrae ), and corpus bursae is narrowly egg-shaped (broadly egg-shaped in  A. flavitinctella ). </p>
            <p> Remark.  Etiella yangtseella was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from “Batang (Tibet)”, now a village in China, Sichuan province. Some specimens from type series are stored in Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History (MGAB), Bucharest, in particular: Lectotype with labels from which it follows that it was designated by E. Munroe in 1964, prep. gen. “GU 6166” by U.-R. Roesler; “ Allolectotype ”, prep. gen. “GU 6167” U.-R. Roesler; Paralectotype, with label “  Asclerobia yangtseella Car. , det. U. Roesler”; and two more Paralectotypes (National Cultural Heritage 2023). The remaining two specimens (Figs 11, 12), the male and the female, studied in this work are stored in SMNK. As far as I know, these designations of types have not been published. </p>
            <p> Despite the fact that the specimens from Batang have a darker colour (thought due to the harsher climate of this location), they have an identical colour scheme of the forewings pattern, as well as the structure of the genitalia of both sexes, the structure of male antennae and the tympanal organs (Figs 27–30), and therefore they are conspecific with  A. sinensis . Hence, the following synonymy is proposed:  Etiella yangtseella Caradja, 1939 syn. nov. of  Asclerobia sinensis (Caradja in Caradja &amp; Meyrick, 1937). </p>
            <p> Distribution. E Afghanistan: Nuristan prov., Kandahar prov.; China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shandong prov., Shaanxi prov., Yunnan prov., Beijing (Roesler 1969; He &amp; Huang 2010; Ren 2012; iNaturalist 2023); S Korea (Qi et al. 2014); Japan (Yamanaka 2006: as  gilvaria ); Russia: Primorsky Krai, Amur region (Streltzov 2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF6410FF9BB0462CA0FC93BEDAA670	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yepishin, Viktor	Yepishin, Viktor (2023): Additional information on the taxonomy of genus Asclerobia Roesler, 1969 (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). Zootaxa 5336 (2): 247-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.2.6
