identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DFE029FFA8F854FF194C5C4B63F884.text	03DFE029FFA8F854FF194C5C4B63F884.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) picipennis (Fabricius 1793) Fabricius 1793	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) picipennis (Fabricius, 1793)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1–7)</p>
            <p> picipennis Fabricius, 1793 , 521 (  Staphylinus ). </p>
            <p> Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3405 (  Ocypus , complete synonymy and secondary references included); Smetana, 2004, 678 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , complete synonymy included). </p>
            <p>Type material. Fabricius (1793: 521) described the species from specimen(s) from Germany: “Habitat in Germania Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt.” I have not seen the type material; the concept of the species is the one commonly used by all authors; there is hardly any doubt that this concept is correct.</p>
            <p>Material studied. CHINA: Xinjiang: “ China occ., 26– 31.7.1991, Boro Horo Shan, Jining, Ining-H- Sien, 44°06’N 81°56’E, lgt. Snížek” (1) (MSC); “Borohoroshan, Houxia, VI.[19]99" (2) (ASC); “ CHINA, Xinjiang, Borohoro Shan, Houxia, VI.[19]99” (1) (ASC); “ 2000–2500 m, NE slope of Tian Shan, 15– 17.5.1993, road Urumqi–Houxia, 60 km SW Urumqi, J. Kaláb leg.” (2) (ASC, NMW); “ 1500–2000 m, NW slope of Bogda Shan, 115 km E Urumqi, 10 km N Tianchi, 18–19.V.1993, Jaroslav Turna leg.” (2) (ASC, NMW); 70 km S Urumqi, 6 km S Bayangou, 2900–3000 m, 27–28.VI.2006, S. Murzin &amp; I. Shokhin” (1) (MSC); “VIII.[19]86, Xinjiang: Nanshan, Rougemont” (1) (GRC); “Xinjiang, 70 km SW Urumqi, VIII.1982, G. de Rougemont” (1) (ASC); “Xinjiang, Tianchi” (1) (NMW); “Xinjian Tienshi, VIII.[19]86, Rougemont” (1) (ASC); “Xinjiang” (3) (ASC, NMW).</p>
            <p>Description. Black, head and pronotum with slight to moderate bronze to greenish-bronze metallic lustre, moderately shiny; elytra black, piceous to rufobrunneous, more or less dull, with slight dark metallic lustre apparent mainly on dark colored elytra; abdomen piceous to black; pubescence on head and pronotum piceous, piceous to brownish or reddish-brown on elytra, pubescence of abdomen piceous, with five continuous longitudinal stripes of paler, brownish, reddish-brown to yellowish-brown pubescence; maxillary and labial palpi piceous to brunneous, antennae piceous to brunneous, becoming more or less paler toward apex; legs piceous to dark brunneous with paler tarsi. Head of rounded quadrangular shape, with obtuse to rounded posterior angles, variably wider than long (ratios 1.20 to 1.25), eyes moderately large, rather flat, tempora somewhat longer than eyes from above (ratios around 1.20); dorsal surface of head finely and densely punctate, interspaces between punctures on disc about as large as diameters of punctures, punctation gradually becoming slightly denser toward posterior and lateral margins; trace of impunctate midline present on posterior half of head; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Dorsal side of neck with punctation similar to that on head. Antenna moderately long, segment 3 longer than segment 2 (ratio 1. 18), segments 4 to 8 distinctly longer than wide, becoming gradually shorter, segments 9 and 10 about as long as wide, last segment short, considerably shorter that two preceding segments combined. Female antenna shorter, with middle segments markedly shorter. Pronotum about as wide as long, subparallelsided, moderately convex, narrow marginal groove disappearing downwards at about anterior third of pronotal length; impunctate narrow midline complete, punctation on disc very fine and dense, appreciably finer and denser than that on disc of head, irregular longitudinal row of coarse punctures along each side of impunctate midline. Pronotal hypomeron without microsetae. Scutellum densely punctate and setose, with black tomentose pubescence on apical half. Elytra moderately long, vaguely dilated posteriad, at suture about as long as, at sides vaguely longer than pronotum at midline (ratio 1.08); punctation very fine and very dense, granulose, elytra therefore appearing rather dull. Wings moderately developed, each folded under elytron, probably not functional. Abdomen with fifth visible tergite with pale apical seam of palisade setae; tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) finely and densely punctate and pubescent on about apical third; all tergites evenly, densely and very finely punctate; interspaces with very fine, dense submeshed microsculpture.</p>
            <p>Male. Sternite 8 with shallow, obtusely triangular medioapical emargination. Genital segment with tergite 10 as in Fig. 1; sternite 9 with narrow, long basal portion, apical portion densely, finely setose except asetose on basal third, apex finely notched in middle (Fig.2). Aedoeagus (Figs.3–6) large and voluminous; median lobe in ventral view markedly dilated anteriorly, with apex shaped as in Fig. 3. Paramere large, in ventral view asymmetricaly dilated in apical half, with apex variably obtuse, subtruncate to truncate; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, three or four apical setae minute, situated at apical margin of paramere (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>Female. Tergite 10 of genital segment large, apical portion long, with subacute apex (Fig. 7).</p>
            <p>Body length 11.0–18.0 mm (see Recognition and comments).</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus picipennis has a transpalaearctic distribution, ranging from western Europe (not in Great Britain) through the southern portions of northern Europe, middle and southern Europe, eastern Europe, Asia Minor and Central Asia all the way to Xinjiang in mainland China. </p>
            <p> Bionomics.  Ocypus picipennis occurs within its large distributional range in a wide variety of habitats, from lowland to subalpine/alpine meadows, e.g., up to 2700 m in Erciyas dağ in Turkey (Smetana 1967a: 557). It prefers open country habitats, such as meadows, pastures, farmland, dry stony slopes, ruderal areas, etc. Less frequently in open forest habitats. No habitat data are available for the Chinese specimens studied. </p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus picipennis displays distinct variability affecting mainly the body size, the smallest specimen known to me (from Egribel Pass, 2000–2400 m, in Anatolia, Asia Minor) is only 11.0 mm long, the shape of the aedoeagus (within certain general plan), the coloration of the appendages, and the coloration of the elytra (see above). On the other hand, the punctation and pubescence of the head and pronotum seem to be reasonably constant. Within the mainland China fauna,  O. picipennis may be confused only with  O. helleni , but the two species may be easily distinguished by the shapes of the aedoeagi (see Figs. 3, 10), and those of tergites 10 of the female genital segments (Figs. 7, 14). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFA8F854FF194C5C4B63F884	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFAEF856FF194D364D1EF932.text	03DFE029FFAEF856FF194D364D1EF932.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) helleni (J. Müller 1926) J. Muller 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) helleni (J. Müller, 1926)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 8–14, 68)</p>
            <p> helleni J. Müller, 1926 a, 30 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 40 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3382 (  Ocypus , complete synonymy and secondary references included); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , complete synonymy included). </p>
            <p> Type material. Müller (1926a: 30) described the species from two specimens, one male from “Aschabad (Transcaspia, leg. Ahnger)”, and one female from “Kopet Dagh (Transcaspia, leg. Ahnger)”. The specimens were expected to be deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland. The collection of the Zoological Museum of the University of Helsinki indeed contains two specimens under  O. helleni , but only the first one (a female) belongs to the original series. It is labeled as follows: “Kopet Dagh” / ”Ahnger” / ”248" / ” Typus ” [red label] / ”  Hélleni m. det. J. Müller” / ”Mus. Zool. H:fors Spec. Typ. No 1381  Staphylinus Helleni J. Müll. ” The second specimen (a male) is labeled as follows: “Mar.Casp.” / ”Stenroos” / ”414". Both specimens were dissected; the female genital segment, and the male genital segment and the aedoeagus were glued to a small plate and attached to the respective specimen. </p>
            <p>Ahnger’s label “248" refers to the following information in his notebook: “Kopet Dagh, Mergen Ulja, June 24, 1901 ". Stenroos’ label “414" refers to the information in his notebook: “Petrovsk vid västra stranden av Kaspiska havet”. Makhachkala in Daghestan, Russia, is the present name of the place. The above information was made available to me by Jyrki Muona.</p>
            <p> In order to preserve stability of nomenclature of the group, it is necessary to designate a lectotype for  O. helleni . Since the whereabouts of the second (male) specimen of the original series are unknown, and since the shape of tergite 10 of the female genital segment of  O. helleni is characteristic and markedly different from that of  O. picipennis , I designate the female specimen of the original series, bearing labels listed above, as the lectotype of  O. helleni . The label “ Lectotype  Staphylinus helleni J. Müller, 1926 , A. Smetana des. 2009" was attached to the specimen. The specimen is in reasonably good condition, only segments one and two of the left antenna and segments 1–4 of the right antenna are present, and the left maxillary palpus and the claws of the right hind leg are missing.  Ocypus picipennis is not known to occur in Kopet Dagh at present, but its occurrence there, as the only other representative of the  picipennis -lineage, is probable. </p>
            <p> The male specimen in the collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, that is not part of the original series (see above), belongs to  Ocypus caucasicus J. Müller, 1926 b. My corresponding determination label was attached to it. </p>
            <p> Additional material studied. CHINA: During my work on this paper I had an opportunity to study several specimens (including males) of  O. helleni from Sichuan. Unfortunately, due to a computer glitch and/ or my computer fear, I managed to loose these records after the specimens were returned to the loaning institution, and I was not able to recover the data. At any rate,  O. helleni does occur on the territory of the People’s Republic of China and I am sure that additional specimens will become available soon. </p>
            <p> Description. In all character states quite similar to  O. picipennis and different only by the differently shaped aedoeagus and tergite 10 of the female genital segment. </p>
            <p> Male. Sternite 8 with shallow, obtusely triangular medioapical emargination, similar to that of  O. picipennis . Genital segment with tergite 10 similar to that of  O. picipennis , but on average shorter and narrower (Fig. 8); sternite 9 similar to that of  O. picipennis , (Fig. 9, sternite artificially flattened). Aedoeagus (Figs. 10–13) with median lobe anteriorly extended into sharp apex on side adjacent to paramere. Paramere in ventral view narrow, gradually narrowed anteriad into sharp apex not quite, or about, reaching apex of median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, apical setae minute, situated as in Fig. 13. </p>
            <p>Female. Tergite 10 of genital segment relatively small, apical portion short, with obtuse apex (Fig. 14).</p>
            <p>Body length 11.0–17.0 mm (see Recognition and comments).</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus helleni is widely distributed eastward from Armenia and eastern Turkey, through Syria, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Kashmir, Himashal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nepal all the way to Sichuan in mainland China. </p>
            <p> Bionomics.  Ocypus helleni seems to frequent similar habitats as  O. picipennis , with the more or less pronounced preference of drier habitats. No habitat data are available for the Chinese specimens studied. </p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus helleni displays similar variability described for  O. picipennis . The smallest specimen known to me, from around Sonamarg, 2600–2900 m, Kashmir, is only 11.0 mm long.  Ocypus helleni may be confused, within the mainland China fauna, only with  O. picipennis , but the two species may be easily distinguished by the shapes of the aedoeagi (see Figs. 3, 10), and those of tergites 10 of the female genital segments (Figs. 7, 14). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFAEF856FF194D364D1EF932	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFACF859FF194D404BA3F845.text	03DFE029FFACF859FF194D404BA3F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) aenescens Eppelsheim 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) aenescens Eppelsheim, 1889</p>
            <p>(Figs. 15–21)</p>
            <p> aenescens Eppelsheim, 1889 , 174 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Goerius ). </p>
            <p> Bernhauer &amp; Schubert, 1914, 384 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Ocypus ); Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1390 (  Staphylinus ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 47 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Goerius ); Herman, 2001, 3362 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Goerius ); Smetana, 2004, 679 (  Ocypus ); Grebennikov, 2006: 167 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p>Type material. Eppelsheim (1889: 174) described the species from several specimens of both sexes taken in Kan-ssu (= Gansu) (“Am 27 Januar 1885 in wenigen Exemplaren in Kan-ssu aufgefunden”). The original series, deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, was studied by Grebennikov (2006: 167), who designated the lectotype and listed seven paralectotypes.</p>
            <p> Material studied: CHINA: Gansu: “Umg. Xiahe, 3000–3200 m, 24.VI.–26.VI.1993, or 28.VII.– 3.VIII.1993, Heinz leg.“ (8) (ASC); “Berge b. Xiahe, 3600–3700 m, 29–31.VII.1993, Heinz leg.“ (1) (ASC); “ XIAHE (=Labrang), env. 35°11.5’N 102°30.6’E, 2940 m, 19–22.VI.2005, J. Hájek, D. Král &amp; J. Rûžička leg.“ (1) (MDC); “12.– 17.7.1990, Gansu prov., ca 4200 m, DOGCANGLHAMO env., J. Kaláb leg.“ (4) (ASC, MSC); “Mts. 10 km S Xiahe, 3100–3200 m, 4.VIII.1994, A. Smetana [C29]“ (1) (ASC); “South Gansu Venxian env., 18– 26.6.1995, Beneš“ (2) (MDC); “ 25 km N Hezeo, 3300–3500 m, 21–23.VII.2001, S. Murzin leg.“ (1) (YSC); “Pass 45 km SW Luqu, 3600 m, 13.VII. 1994, A. Smetana [C13]“ (1) (ASC); “Str. V. WEN XIAN nach WUDU, Berg nord-östlich von WEN XIAN, 2250–2420 m, 30.V.–6.VI.2006, l. A. PUCHNER“ (4) (ASC, NMW); Qinghai: “SE Qinghai, road Doromarkog–Nangqên, 30km N Nangqên, 3500 m, 24.8.[19]95, Rejsek“ (4) (ASC); “SE Qinghai, 3500 m, road Toramarkog–Nangqên, 30 km N Nangqên, 24– 25.VI.1995, J Kaláb leg.“ (9) (ASC, YSC); “S Qinghai, 10.7.1995, 32°40’N 96°36’E, 3500 m, 25 km S Doramarkog, left tribut. of Zi Qu riv., leg. J. Turna“ (2) (ASC, NMW); “ 7 km NE of Ulan, 3020 m, 36°57.6’N 098°30.6’E, 7.VII.2005, J. Hájek, D. Král &amp; J. Rûžička leg.“ (1) (MDC); “E Qinghai prov., ca 30 km W of CHUMDA 4200 m, 9–12 + 16.7.1992 “ (25) (ASC, NMW); “E Qinghai prov., Yushu, 4200 m 14.7.1992 “ (2) (NMW); “S Qinghai, 13/7.1995, 33.08[°] N 97.20 [°]E, 3400 m, XIVU S outskirts. left trib. Jinsha riv., Jaroslav Turna leg.“ (1) (MSC); “S Qinghai, 9.7.1995, 32°35’N 86°32’E, pass 55 km N NANQEN, alpine meadow, 3700 m, Jaroslav Turna leg.“ (6) (NMW); “S Qinghai, ca 3300 m, 32.16[°] N 96.29 [°]E, 5–6/7.1995, 20 km N NANQEN, cultural steppe, Jaroslav Turna leg.“ (15) (ASC, NMW); Sichuan: “N Sichuan prov., HONGYUAN, ca 4200 m, 21.7.– 3.8.1991, J. Kaláb leg.“ (3) (NMW); “W SICHUAN, DAWU SW env., 3100 m, 30°59’[N] / 101°07’[E], 1.6.[19]92, L. &amp; R. BUSINSKÝ“ (10) (ASC, MDC); “Tagu, VII.1992 “ (5) (ASC, NMW); “W SICHUAN, DEGE S env., 3100–4300 m, 31°39’[N] / 98°37’[E], 4–9.6.[19]92, L. &amp; R. BUSINSKÝ lgt.“ (14) (ASC, MDC); “N Sichuan, Zoigé, 1.6.1996, Beneš &amp; Štĕpař lgt.“ (4) (ASC, MDC); “Strasse zw. BAMEI u. XINBUQIAO TAGONG GRASSLANDS, Pass südlich v. BAMEI, 3800 m, 28.VII.– 7.VIII.2006, l. A. PUCHNER“ (3) (ASC, NMW); “Tagu vill. 100 km NW of Kangding, 3500 m, 21– 25.8.1995, J. Schneider lgt.“ (2) (MDC); “Ganzi pref., Daxue Shan, 101.52[°] E 30.01 [°]N, ca 10 km W Kangding, 3500–3600 m, 25.V.1997, sifted, leg. A. Pütz“ (1) (APC); “Ganzi pref., Daxue Shan, 101.57[°] E 30.03 [°]N, N Kangding, 2600–2700 m. 22./ 24.V.1997, leg. A. Pütz, or Wrase“ (5) (APC, ASC, MSC); “W Sichuan, Kangding, 2800 m, 30°04’N 101°58’E, 21.VII.1998, A. Smetana [C88]“ (3) (ASC); “Gongga Shan, Hailuogou, for. above Capm 2, 2800 m, 29°35[’]N 102°00[’]E, 5.VII.1998, A. Smetana [C75]“ (1) (ASC); “(W Sichuan) (9) Daxue Shan E Tsheto-La Pass W Kangding, 3500 m, 30.01[°]N / 101.52[°]E, 25.V.1997 Wrase“ (4) (MSC); “Pass ca. 30 km w. Kangding, 3600–3700 m, 14.VI.1995, Heinz leg.“ (1) (ASC); “W Sichuan, 15 km W Kangding, Rte. 138, 3250 m, 29°57[’]N 102°54[’]E, 19.VII. [19]98, A. Smetana [C86]“ (1) (ASC); “(W Sichuan), KANGDING Co., MUGANG LING Mts., valley 6–12 km E of LIUBA, 3700–4000 m, 29°26–30’[N] 101°36–41’[E], 20–22.VI.2001, coll. L. &amp; R. BUSINSKÝ J.“ (1) (YSC); “W Sichuan, 2500 m, road Yajiang–Litang, ca 15 km E Litang, 2– 3.7.1994, J. Kaláb leg.“ (1) (NMW); “W Sichuan, KANGDING Co., GONGGA SHAN Mts.–N part SW of KANGDING, 3200–4600 m, 29°46–59’[N] 101°45–52’[E], 2– 9.VI.[20]01, coll. L. &amp; R. BUSINSKÝ J.“ (1) (YSC); “NW Sichuan, DAINMA XIANG, 31.40[°]N / 99.43[°]E, 3500 m, 21.vii.2001, J. Kaláb leg., Grassland/border of field“ (1) (YSC); “Str. V. PINGWU n. NANPING Umg. BEIMA FENXIGYA, 1777 m, 29.V.–5.VI.2006, l. A. PUCHNER“ (1) (NMW); “W Sichuan, 1997, road Luhuo–Sertar, 23.VII, 40 km N of Luhuo, 31°41’N, 100°44’E, 4000 m, thuya and  Picea forest, M. Tr ýzna et O. Šafránek lgt.“ (1) (MDC); “NW Sichuan, 4000 m, MANIGANGGO, 18.VI.1995, J. Kaláb leg.“ (1) (YSC); “W Sichuan, 2800 m, road Luhuo–Sertar, 40 km SSE SERTAR (coniferous forest), 11.–12.VII.1995, J. Kaláb leg.“ (1) (YSC); “SW Sichuan, Sabde, 29°04’N 101°25’E, 3400 m, 26.6.2001, M. Janata leg.“ (2) (ASC); “mts. W Bamei, 3750 m, 12.VIII. 2005, leg. S. Murzin“ (1) (ASC); Xizang: “E Tibet, road Toba–Jomda, pass 50 km E Toba, 31°19’N, 98°05’E, 4200 m, alpine meadow, 17.VII.1997, Jaroslav Turna leg., or M. Trýzna et O. Šafránek lgt.“ (5) (ASC. MDC); “Da hai tse, 4.9.[19] 34 / II. Doland Expedition Westchina / Tibet leg. E. Schäfer, 1934 / 36 / ex coll. Scheerpeltz / TYPUS  Staphylinus Schäferi O. Scheerpeltz “ (1) (NMW). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized species with greenish metallic lustre on head and pronotum, with voluminous pronotum bearing punctation markedly finer and denser than that of disc of head, with abdominal tergite 2 finely and densely punctate and pubescent on entire surface, with fifth visible abdominal tergite lacking pale apical seam of palisade setae, and with characteristic aedoeagus (Figs. 17–20).</p>
            <p>Description. Black, head and pronotum with greenish metallic lustre, moderately shiny; elytra black, more or less dull, with slight, dark metallic lustre; abdomen black; pubescence on head, pronotum and elytra brownish piceous, pubescence of abdomen piceous, with intermixed pale hairs; maxillary and labial palpi testaceous to testaceobrunneous, antennae dark brunneous to piceous; legs piceous to piceous black, with paler front tarsi. Head of rounded quadrangular shape, with entirely obtuse posterior angles, wider than long (ratio 1.28), eyes moderately large, moderately convex, tempora about as long as eyes from above; dorsal surface of head finely, moderately densely punctate, with intermixed, very fine punctures, interspaces between punctures on disc about as large as to slightly larger than diameters of punctures, punctation gradually becoming slightly denser toward posterior and lateral margins; traces of impunctate midline present; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Dorsal side of neck with punctation finer and denser than that on disc of head. Antenna short, segments 2 and 3 subequal in length, segments 4 to 7 longer than wide, becoming gradually shorter, segments 8 to 10 about as long as wide, last segment short, considerably shorter that two preceding segments combined. Female antenna slightly shorter, with middle segments shorter and outer segments often slightly wider than long. Pronotum voluminous, about as wide as long, subparallelsided, rather convex, narrow marginal groove disappearing downwards at about anterior third of pronotal length; impunctate midline complete but very narrow to narrow, punctation on disc very fine and dense, becoming even denser toward posterior and lateral margins, markedly finer and denser than that on disc of head; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture; area behind anterior angles of pronotum in both sexes densely punctate on ground with fine microsculpture. Pronotal hypomeron without microsetae. Scutellum densely punctate and setose, with black tomentose pubescence on apical half. Elytra short, vaguely dilated posteriad, at suture markedly (ratio 0.69), at sides appreciably, shorter than pronotum at midline (ratio 0.83); punctation very fine and very dense, granulose, elytra therefore appearing rather dull. Wings each reduced to a stump slightly shorter than elytron. Abdomen with fifth visible tergite without pale apical seam of palisade setae (Fig. 65); tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) finely and densely punctate and pubescent on entire surface (Fig. 62); all tergites evenly, very densely and very finely punctate, punctation becoming gradually somewhat sparser toward apex of abdomen; interspaces with very fine, dense submeshed microsculpture.</p>
            <p>Male. Sternite 8 with wide, moderately deep, obtusely triangular medioapical emargination. Genital segment with tergite 10 densely setose on apical half, with subangulate apex (Fig. 15). sternite 9 with narrow basal portion, apical portion arcuate apically, densely and finely setose, except asetose on basal third (Fig.16). Aedoeagus (Figs. 17–20) with median lobe in ventral view asymmetrical, right lateral portion evenly arcuate, apical portion shaped as in Fig. 17, with short longitudinal carina on face adjacent to paramere (Fig. 18). Paramere situated on median lobe asymmetricaly, shaped as in Figs. 17, 19, with subacute apex not reaching apex of median lobe, with fine longitudinal carina on face away from median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with fine sensory setae situated as in Fig. 20.</p>
            <p>Female. Tergite 10 of genital segment large, evenly narrowed toward narrowly arcuate apex (Fig. 21).</p>
            <p>Body length 12.0–15.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus aenescens is at present known from the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and from Tibet. </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Except for the altitude data (2700–4300 m, mostly about 3000 m), the information about the habitat requirements of this species are scarce. Some specimens studied were taken in subalpine or alpine meadows, or in “cultural steppe” (3300 m). It is therefore possible to assume that  O. aenescens occurs at high mountain elevations in open habitats, such as grasslands, meadows and even in disturbed habitats, such as cultural steppe (fields). </p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus aenescens may be easily recognized, even without seeing the characteristically shaped aedoeagus, by the combination of the external characters given in the diagnosis. It may only be confused with  O. inexspectatus , the only other species that has the second abdominal tergite entirely punctate and pubescent. The two species may be easily distinguished by the differently shaped aedoeagi (Figs. 17, 24), as well as by several external characters discussed in the description of  O. inexspectatus . In addition,  O. inexspectatus was not yet found on the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, although its occurrence in the eastern parts of Jilin or Heilongjiang is quite possible. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFACF859FF194D404BA3F845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFA0F85CFF194AC54BA8FCE4.text	03DFE029FFA0F85CFF194AC54BA8FCE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) inexspectatus Eppelsheim 1887	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) inexspectatus Eppelsheim, 1887</p>
            <p>(Figs. 22–28)</p>
            <p> inexspectatus Eppelsheim, 1887 , 422 (  Ocypus ). </p>
            <p> Bernhauer &amp; Schubert, 1914, 387 (  Staphylinus ; Gruppe  Ocypus ; spelled as inexpectatus); Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1395 (  Staphylinus ; spelled as inexpectatus); Müller, 1943, 105 (  Staphylinus ; spelled as inexpectatus); Coiffait, 1974, 505 (  Pseudocypus ; spelled as inexpectatus); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3383 (  Ocypus ); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> Type material. Eppelsheim (1887, 422) described the species from one female specimen taken in the Russian Far East near Vladivostok (“Ein von Herrn Graeser bei Wladiwostok gesammeltes Ψ verdanke ich der Güte des Herrn Koltze”). The holotype in the Eppelsheim collection in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, is labeled as follows: “Ψ” / “  inexspectatus mihi Wladiwostok, Amur leg. Graeser” / ”  inexspectatus Epp. Deutsch. Ent. Zeit. 1887 p. 422” / ”inexpectatus Epp. Dedt. J. Müller” / “ TYPUS ”. </p>
            <p> The specimen is in bad condition, six outer segments of left antenna are missing, small lateral portion of right elytron is missing, the abdomen is separated from the rest of the body, with tergites separated (first two showing  Dermestes damage) separately and most of the sternites missing. The specimen was arranged on a mounting plate, the somewhat damaged female genital segment was glued to the plate with the beetle. </p>
            <p>Additional material studied: RUSSIA: Primorskiy Kray: ” USSR or., Ussuri, Kamenjuška, 27.7.1989, Stan Bečvář lgt.” (1) (ASC); ”Sibiria or., 6– 10.7.1989, Ussuri reg., Novovarvarovka, R. Dunda leg.” (1) (MDC); ”Sib. or. m., 5/[19]92, Primorje, 300 m, Kozarovka fl., Voříšek legit” (1) (MDC); ” USSR, Sibiria or., Jasnoje env., 12.7. 1989, 400 m, Stan Jakl legit” (2) (ASC, MDC); ”SIBIRIA or., 12.7.1989, Yasnoe, R. Dunda leg.” (1) (MDC); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Lazovskij Distr., river Elomovsky, 12.VII.1995, leg. Y. Sundukov” (1) (APC); ” RUSSIA, South Primorye, Lazovskij nature reserve, Sukhoj stream, 17– 19.05.2002, Yu. Sundukov, L. Sundukova” (2) (ASC, AVC); ”S Primorye, Lazovskij nat[ure]. res[erve]., kordon Prosyolochnij (Ta Chingouza), 1–3.07.2007, Shavrin A. Leg.” (1) (AVC); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Lazovskij distr., spring valley Kovarinovo, 5 km NE Lazo, 1–5.VI.1995, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (APC); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Lazovskij distr., spring valley Gerasimova, 3 km N Lazo, 06.V.1995, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (APC); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Lazovskij nat[ure]. Park [reserve], env. lodge Petrova, 9 km SE vill. Kievka, 3.–8.VI.1994, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (APC); ” Russia or.: Primorie, Sikhote-Alinsky Res., Kordon Kabany, taiga, 135°52’40”E 45°08’16”N, 650–900 m, 30.VI–4.VII.1999, leg. J. Sundukov” (4) (ASC, MSC); ” Russland: Primorie, (S7/11), Schutzgebiet Sichote-Alin, Jasnaja-Mündung, 26.VI.– 4.VII.1998, leg. J. Sundukov” (2) (ASC, MSC); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Sikhote Alin Mt. Range, Partisanskij Chr[ebet: Ridge]., Mt. Lysaja, 1500–1560 m, 6.VI.1994, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (APC); ” Russia or.: Primorie, Sikhote-Alin Mts., Gorelaja Sopka Mt., 134°06’08”E 43°30’30”N, 1300–1499 m, 17.– 20.VI.1999, Sundukov” (1) (MSC); ” Russia or.: Primorie Ussurijsky Res., Komarovo-Zapovednoe, 132°20’40”E 43°38’48”N, 21–27.V.1999, leg. J. Sundukov” (2) (MSC); ” RUSSIA: Primorie, 20 km N Artyom town, 100–350 m, Kamenushka river, VI–VII.1997, leg. A. Plutenko” (1) (MSC); ” Russia, Primorie, S Artyom town env., 100–300 m, Ozenyi kluytch riv., 20.IV.–30.V.1976, leg. A. Plutenko” (7) (ASC, MSC); ” RUSSIA: Primorie, Artyom env., Ozenyi kljutsch river, 100–300 m, VIII.1996, leg. A. Plutenko” (1) (MSC); ” RUSSIA: Far East, Ussuri Area, Chanka Lake, 20–30.VI.2001 ” (2) (ASC, MSC); ” RUSSIA: Primorie reg., Nadezhenskyi distr., Ananjevka riv., 15–30.VII.2002, A. Plutenko” (4) (ASC, MSC); ” RUSSIA, Primorsky Kray, 5 km S of Anisimovka vil[lage]., N43°07’ E132°48’, 21–30.vi.2007, 500– 1000 m, V. Grebennikov” (4) (ASC); ” USSR, Prim[orskiy]. Kra[y].: Zapov[ednik: Nature Reseve]. Kedrovaya pad’, Kedrovaya river valley, 18.VII.1958, Vasilev” (2) (ASC); ”Asia or., SSSR, Zapovednik kedrovaja pad’, 2.V. [19]58, Vasilev” (1) (CNC); ”Seitengraben des Perwaja Rjetschka Tales, nördl. Wladiwostok / H. Frieb leg., 1918–1920 ” (1) (NMW).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Medium-sized species, sharing many character states with  O. aenescens , but different by the differently shaped aedoeagus, and by several external characters, as given in the description. </p>
            <p> Description. In all character states similar to  O. aenescens , but different as follows: average size smaller, body form more slender; surface of head and pronotum with more coppery lustre; legs slightly paler, mostly piceous with all tarsi more or less paler; head of more rounded shape with entirely rounded posterior angles; punctation of head similar to that of  O. aenescens , but on average somewhat denser; pronotum not voluminous, punctation similar to that of  O. aenescens , but less dense and somewhat coarser, no more than slightly finer and denser than that of disc of head; impunctate midline wider and therefore more apparent. </p>
            <p> Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum densely punctate. Sternite 7 with medioapical emargination similar to that of  O. aenescens , but less deep and more obtuse. Genital segment with sternite 9 wider, with apex finely notched (Fig. 22). Tergite 10 wider than that of  O. aenescens , with entirely rounded apex, less densely setose (Fig. 23). Aedoeagus (Figs. 24–27) quite different from that of  O. aenescens , with right lateral portion of median lobe in ventral view conspicuously dilated, and with apex of median lobe missing short longitudinal carina on face adjacent to paramere (Fig. 25). Paramere situated on median lobe quite asymmetrically, of different shape (Fig. 26), in general distinctly longer and narrower, with acute apex not reaching apex of median lobe and without fine longitudinal carina on face away from median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with minute sensory setae situated as in Fig. 27. </p>
            <p> Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate or almost impuncate. Tergite 10 of genital segment similar to that of  O. aenescens , but narrower, with narrower apex (Fig. 28). </p>
            <p>Body length 11.0–14.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus inexspectatus occurs in the Russian Far East in Primorskyi Kray, from southern Ussuri area northwest to Lake Khanka and northeast to the southern portion of the Sikhote Alin mountain range. </p>
            <p>Bionomics. Very little is known about the habitat requirements of this species. It occurs from lowland (100–300 m) to middle mountain elevations (650–900 m) in the Sikhote Alin mountain range.</p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus inexspectatus may only be confused with  O. aenescens , the only other species that has the second abdominal tergite entirely punctate and pubescent. The two species may be easily distinguished by the differently shaped aedoeagi (Figs. 17, 24) and tergites 10 of the female genital segments (Figs. 21, 28), as well as by several external characters discussed in the description of  O. inexspectatus . For the comparison with  O. graeseri see the Comments under  O. graeseri .  Ocypus inexspectatus has not been yet recorded from the territory of the Peoples Republic of China. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFA0F85CFF194AC54BA8FCE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFA6F85EFF1949964CF1FBDC.text	03DFE029FFA6F85EFF1949964CF1FBDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) shiretokensis Hayashi 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) shiretokensis Hayashi, 2008</p>
            <p>(Figs. 29–35)</p>
            <p> shiretokensis Hayashi, 2008 , 199 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p>Type material. Hayashi (2008: 199) described the species from three male specimens from Hokkaido. The holotype with the label “Shiretoko pass (Alt. 730 m), Hokkaido, 29.vii.1989, H. Nomura leg.”is deposited in the collection of Osaka Museum of Natural History.</p>
            <p> I have not seen the type material, but I have sent one male specimen of the series dealt with in this paper to Hayashi, who compared it with the holotype of  O. shiretokensis and confirmed that the specimen is conspecific. </p>
            <p>Material studied. JAPAN: ”(Mt. Kurodake) Mts. Daisedtsuzan, Hokkaido, Japan, VII.21.1981, Coll. N. Yasuda” (4) (ASC, YSC); ”Mt. Kitoushi, 1000 m, Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, June 26th 1993, Kôichi Shibata leg.” (3) (ASC, YSC).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Medium-sized species, sharing most character states with  O. inexspectatus , but distinct by base of second abdominal tergite lacking punctation and pubescence, fifth visible abdominal tergite lacking pale apical seem of palisade setae, and by differently shaped aedoeagus. </p>
            <p> Description. In all character states similar to  O. inexspectatus , but different as follows: average size smaller, body form more slender; pronotum slightly narrower (ratio length / width = 1.12; as long as wide in  O. inexspectatus ); punctation of elytra more distinctly granulose and coarser; base of second abdominal tergite (in front of first visible tergit) impunctate and glabrous; fifth visible abdominal tergite lacking pale apical seem of palisade setae; punctation of abdominal tergites coarser and less dense. </p>
            <p> Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum densely punctate. Sternite 7 with medioapical emargination similar to that of  O. inexspectatus , but narrower and less deep. Genital segment with tergite 10 rather short and wide, evenly narrowed toward subtruncate apex, setose as in Fig. 29; sternite 9 with acute basal portion, apical portion with subacute apex, setose as in Fig. 30. Aedoeagus (Figs. 31–34) similar to that of  O. inexspectatus , but right lateral portion of median lobe in ventral view less conspicuously dilated and apex of median lobe shorter. Paramere situated on median lobe quite asymmetrically, of similar shape (Fig. </p>
            <p>33) but narrower, especially in basal portion, and more straight, with acute apex almost reaching apex of median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with fine sensory setae situated as in Fig. 34.</p>
            <p>Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate on ground with very fine submeshed microsculpture. Tergite 10 of genital segment rather wide, evenly narrowed toward broadly arcuate apex (Fig. 35).</p>
            <p>Body length 11.0–14 0 mm.</p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus shiretokensis is in general habitus and most external characters (coloration and pubescence of the body, coloration of the appendages) most similar to  O. inexspectatus , as it has been shown above. However,  O. shiretokensis differs at once, in addition to the different aedoeagus, by the base of the second abdominal tergite lacking punctation and pubescence, and the fifth visible abdominal tergite lacking the pale apical seem of palisade setae. </p>
            <p> Hayashi (2008, 199) stated that  O. shiretokensis is very similar in general appearance to  O. nigroaeneus and at the same time postulated close relationship of the species with  O. helleni . </p>
            <p> The similarity of  O. shiretokensis with  O. nigroaeneus is in fact limited only to the fact that both species belong to the same lineage within  Pseudocypus and share the character states of this lineage. But  O. nigroaeneus differs from  O. shiretokensis , in addition to the differently shaped aedoeagus and tergite 10 of the female genital segment (Figs. 31, 52, 35, 56), by several important external characters, such as the presence of a variably large impunctate area on the pronotum on each side of the impunctate midline, and the presence of the pale apical seam of palisade setae on the fifth visible abdominal tergite; additional different character states are the dark metallic surface of the fore body, the distinctly double punctation of the dorsal surface of the head and the pronotum, and the darker color of the appendages in  O. nigroaeneus . </p>
            <p> The postulated close relationship of  O. shiretokensis with  O. helleni , based on “similar structure of dentition of mandibles”, is misleading. The presence or absence of mandibular teeth, in addition to some other character states, such as the presence of subbasal indentation in members of the genera  Protocypus Müller, 1925 (Smetana 2003: 130) ,  Nelmanwaslus Smetana, 2006 (Smetana 2006: 40) , or  Agelosus Sharp, 1889 (Smetana 2003: 61) , belong to the character states important at the generic level for distinguishing genera of the ‘Staphylinus-complex” (Smetana &amp; Davies 2000). But at the species level, the shape and number of mandibular teeth varies among members of many genus level taxa, and  Pseudocypus is one of them. In addition, the development of mandibular teeth in some members of  Pseudocypus is sexually dimorphic (e.g., in  O. picipennis , see Smetana 2003: 62, Figs. 1–4). It is therefore obvious that any attempt to establish “relationships” among the members of this subgenus, based solely on the development of mandicular teeth, must lead to wrong results. The “relationship” of  O. shiretokensis and  O. helleni ends at the level that both are members of the subgenus  Pseudocypus , but they each belong to a different lineage:  O. shiretokensis to the fuscatus- lineage,  O. helleni to the  picipennis -lineage (see above). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFA6F85EFF1949964CF1FBDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFA4F841FF194EFE4A2EF884.text	03DFE029FFA4F841FF194EFE4A2EF884.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) graeseri Eppelsheim 1887	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) graeseri Eppelsheim, 1887</p>
            <p>(Figs. 36–42, 63, 65)</p>
            <p> graeseri Eppelsheim, 1887 , 424 (  Ocypus ). </p>
            <p> Bernhauer &amp; Schubert, 1914, 386 (  Staphylinus ; Gruppe  Ocypus , variety of  fuscatus ); J. Müller, 1925, 45 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1401 (  Staphylinus , subspecies of  rambouseki ); Coiffait, 1974, 503 (  Pseudocypus ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000; 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3381 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Ocypus ); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> rambouseki J. Müller, 1925 , 46 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ), syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1401 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Smetana, 1963, 299 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Smetana, 1967b, 209 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Coiffait, 1974, 488 (  Pseudocypus ); Smetana, 1975, 173 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Yuh, Paik, Kwon &amp; Lee, 1985, 246 (  Ocypus , subspecies of  nigroaeneus ); Li, 1993, 38 (  Ocypus ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus , synonym of  nigroaeneus ); Smetana, 2004: 678 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , synonym of  nigroaeneus ). </p>
            <p> brunneopubens J. Müller, 1926 b, 45 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , subspecies of  graeseri ) </p>
            <p> Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1401 (  Staphylinus , variety of  rambouseki ); Coiffait, 1974, 503 (  Pseudocypus , subspecies of  graeseri ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , subspecies of  graeseri ); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , subspecies of  graeseri ). </p>
            <p> fuscatoides Coiffait, 1964 , 97 (  Pseudocypus ), syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Coiffait, 1974, 503 (  Pseudocypus ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ); subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3378 (  Ocypus ); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> Type material.  Ocypus graeseri . Eppelsheim (1887: 424) described the species from one female from near Vladivostok (“Ein einziges Ψ wurde von Herrn Graeser bei Wladiwostok gefunden...”). The holotype is not in the Eppelsheim collection in Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien and I did not succeed in locating it in any other collection. There were some problems with the concept of this species by subsequent authors, therefore, in the interest of the stability of nomenclature of the group, it is necessary to establish a neotype, especially in view of the new synonymies proposed in this paper. I have selected a male specimen from wider vicinity of Vladivostok as the neotype of  O. graeseri . The specimen is in perfect shape, it was dissected and mounted on a plate, with the aedoeagus and genital segment glued to the plate with the beetle. It bears the following labels: “ Russia, or., Primorskij Kraj Lazovskij distr., spring valley Gerasimova, 3 km N Lazo, 06.V.1995, leg. J. Sundukov” / ” NEOTYPE  Ocypus graeseri Eppesheim, 1887 A. Smetana des. 2009". The neotype is deposited in Eppelsheim collection in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien. </p>
            <p> Ocypus rambouseki . Müller (1925, 46) described the species from two male specimens from eastern Siberia (“Nella collezione del dott. Rambousek di Praga si trovano 2 esemplari maschili di un  Pseudocypus raccolti da E. v. Bodemeyer presso Chitai-ki Sterana nella Siberia orientale”). The Rambousek collection in the Národní Muzeum, Praha, contains only one of the two specimens of the original series. It is labeled as follows: “E. v. Bodemeyer Sibiria orient. Chitaizki-Sterana” / ” TYPUS ” [red label] / ”  Rambouseki det. J. Müller”. The specimen is intact. It was dissected and the aedoeagus and the genital segment were glued to the plate with the beetle. In order to preserve stability of nomenclature the specimen is hereby designated as the lectotype of  Ocypus rambouseki ; the label “ Lectotype  Staphylinus rambouseki J. Müller, 1925 , des. by A. Smetana 2008” has been attached to it. The lectotype is conspecific with the neotype of  O. graeseri ; the name  rambouseki is an objective junior synonym of  graeseri . The label “ Lectotype  Ocypus graeseri Eppelsheim, 1887 A. Smetana det. 2008" was attached to the lectotype. </p>
            <p> Ocypus fuscatoides . Coiffait (1964: 97) described the species from one male and one female from “Selenga, au sud du lac Baikal”. I was able to study both syntypes, deposited in the Coiffait collection at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. The male specimen, mounted on a plate, was received dissected, with the aedoeagus glued to the plate with the beetle, and the tergite 10 and sternite 9 of the genital segment glued to a smaller plate below. The specimen is labeled as follows: “ MONGOLIE SEPT. SELENGA J.CHAFFANJON 174-96” / ”  Pseudocypus fuscatoides Coiff. H. Coiffait det. 1963” / ” HOLOTYPE ”[red label] / ”MUSEUM PARIS COLL. H. COIFFAIT” / ”  fuscatoides Coiff. ”[handwritten, framed label]. The female specimen is pinned and bears the following labels: “ MONGOLIE SEPT. SELENGA J.CHAFFANJON 174-96” / ”ALLOTYPE” / ”MUSEUM PARIS COLL. H. COIFFAIT”. Both specimens are conspecific and they cannot be specifically distinguished from the neotype of  O. graeseri . The name  fuscatoides is a junior objective synonym of  graeseri . A corresponding determination label “  Ocypus graeseri Eppelsheim, 1887 A. Smetana det. 2008” has been attached to both specimens. </p>
            <p>Additional material studied: CHINA: Beijing: ”Beijing Shi Songshan, 27.4.– 11.6.2005, 40.55[°] N 115.85 [°]E, pitfall traps, leg. J. Turna” (17) (ASC, NMW); Hebei: ”Hebei / Nei Mongol, pass Chengde– Chifeng, 41.6[°] N 118.2 [°]E, 30– 31.5.2002, leg. J. Turna” (11) (ASC, NMW); same, but 14–16.VI.2001 (1) (YSC); ”N Hebei, 26.IV. 2005, 25 km N CHENGDE river valley, 41.3[°] N 118.1 [°]E, Jaroslav Turna leg.” (1) (NMW); Heilongjiang: ”Heilungkiang, Harbin, 24.4.[19]66, P. M. Hammond / N. CHINA: P. M. Hammond. B. M. 1967-215” (1) (NHM); ”HEILONGJIANG: Harbin. Talyang Dao 14.IX. [19]80 / CHINA: B. M. 1980- 491 P. M. Hammond” (1) (NHM); ”Heilungkiang, Harbin, 17-4-[19]66, P. M. Hammond / N. CHINA: P. M. Hammond B. M. 1967-215” (2) (ASC, NHM); ”Mandschurei, Charbin, 9.6.[19]46” (1) (NHM); Qinghai: ”Amdo, 1886, G. Patanin” (1) (NMW); ”Amdo” (1) (ASC); Shanxi: ”W Shanxi, 9.VI.2000, 37.7[°] N 111.6 [°]E, Lüliang Shan, road Fangshan–Liaocheng, HENGJIAN env., 1000 m, Jaroslav Turna leg.” (1) (ASC); RUSSIA: Primorskiy Kray: ” RUSSIA: South Primorye, Lazovskij district, Gerasimov stream, 3 km N Lazo, 1.05.2002, Yu. Sundukov” (2) (ASC, AVS); ” Russia or., Primorskij Kraj, Lazovskij nat[ure] park [reserve], env. Lodge Petrova, 9 km SE vill[age]. Kievka, 3–8.VI.1994, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (APC); same, but 9.–13.VI.1995 (1) (APC); same, but spring valley Kovarinovo, 5 km NE Lazo, 1–5.vi.1995 (2) (APC, ASC); ” Russland: Primorie, (S 18), Lazowski R., Lazo, Tal der Lazowka, 4.–5.IV.1997, leg. J. Sundukov” (2) (ASC, MSC).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Medium-sized species, sharing most character states with  O. inexspectatus , but distinct by several external characters, and by differently shaped aedoeagus. </p>
            <p> Description. In all character states similar to  O. inexspectatus , but different as follows: metallic lustre on head and pronotum usually darker, punctation on head and pronotum coarser and sparser, with intermixed fine punctures more apparent; elytra longer, at suture shorter (ratio 0.78), at sides about as long as pronotum at midline (corresponding ratios in  O. inexspectatus are 0.69 and 0.87), punctation of elytra slightly coarser; abdomen with fifth visible tergite with fine pale apical seam of palisade setae; tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) impunctate and glabrous on basal half. </p>
            <p> Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum more or less densely punctate on ground with some microsculpture. Sternite 7 with medioapical emargination similar to that of  O. inexspectatus . Genital segment with tergite 10 shorter and wider than that of  O. inexspectatus (Fig. 36); sternite 9 shorter and wider, with apex markedly emarginate (Fig. 37). Aedoeagus (Figs. 38–41) quite different from that of  O. inexspectatus , median lobe in ventral view with apex wide, obliquely subtruncate, with right lateral portion dilated posteriad in almost straight line (Fig. 38). Paramere situated on median lobe quite asymmetrically, shaped as in Figs. 40, 41, with acute apex not reaching apex of median lobe and without fine longitudinal carina on face away from median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with minute sensory setae situated as in Fig. 41. </p>
            <p>Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum more or less sparingly punctate on ground with more distinct microsculpture, but see Comments. Tergite 10 of genital segment large, evenly narrowed toward narrowly arcuate apex (Fig. 42).</p>
            <p>Body length 12.0–15.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus graeseri is distributed from Mongolia through the southern portions of eastern Siberia to the Russian Far East and to Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Shanxi provinces of mainland China. </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Little is known about the habitat requirements of this species. Most specimens collected on the territory of mainland China were taken from pitfall traps, but nothing is known about the habitats the traps were set in. The specimens from Mongolia were taken from under the rocks on a dry rocky steppe, or on the bank of a creek (Kaszab 1965a: 10; 1965b: 619), and in ethylene glycol pitfall traps set in a steppe-meadow, and in a  Betula -forest (Kaszab 1968: 403–405). </p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus graeseri may be at once distinguished from  O. inexspectatus by the abdominal tergite 2 impunctate and glabrous on basal half, by the presence of the fine pale apical seam of palisade setae on the fifth visible abdominal tergite, as well as by the different shape of the aedoeagus. The same set of characters distinguishes  O. graeseri from  O. aenescens . </p>
            <p> The difference in the sculpture on the area behind the anterior angles of pronotum in males and females of this species is less distinctly developed than in the specimens of  O. inexspectatus , or  O. fuscatus . </p>
            <p> Müller (1926b: 45) described  O. brunneopubens as a subspecies of  O. graeseri , based on three specimens taken at “Lago di Baikal” that agreed in all respects, including the shape of the aedoeagus, with the regular specimens of  O. graeseri , except for pale brunneous pubescence of the body. I have not seen the specimens of the original series, or any other specimens of  O. graeseri with pubescence described by Müller. The status of this subspecies needs verification. </p>
            <p> The locality “Chitaizki-Sterana” (the type locality of  O. rambouseki ) caused problems for the authors dealing subsequently with the material collected by Bodemeyer during his 1912 Siberian collecting trip. The problems included both the spelling and geographical location. Various spellings include “Chitaizki-Sterena” (Bernhauer 1913: 223; Reitter 1913: 651), “Chitai-ki-Sterana” (Rambousek 1917: 96), “Kitaisk-Storona” (Zolotareff, teste Bodemeyer, 1915). Bodemeyer himself in his publication describing his 1912 Siberian trip (Bodemeyer 1928) used the “Chitaizki-Sterana” (p. 72), or “Chitaizki.-Sterana” (p.79) versions. The origin of this name was obviously Bodemeyer’s interpretation of the Russian words “kitaysk[aya]” (Chinese) and “storona” (side). This was correctly recognized by some authors, who introduced the term “Kitajskaja storona” (e.g., Obenberger 1927: 15). The geographical location of “Chitaizki-Sterana” was not always properly recognized, it was believed to be somewhere near Blagoveshchensk (personal communication), or even quite recently declared to be in “Chita Region” (Sikes &amp; Trumbo 2000). All this despite the fact that already Bodemeyer (1915: 438) explained that “Chitaizki-Sterana, chinesische Seite” referred to “das rechte Amurufer auf der Strecke gegenüber Radde-Pompiewka-Chabarow”. The same is apparent from Bodemeyer’s statements on pages 72 and 79 in his 1928 publication. All species described in the past as new with the type locality Chitaizki-Sterana (including all variants) were declared to occur in eastern Siberia (“Ost-Sibiren, Ostsibirien, Siberia orientalis”), while they in fact were taken in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFA4F841FF194EFE4A2EF884	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFBBF843FF194D364C28F8F0.text	03DFE029FFBBF843FF194D364C28F8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) fuscatus (Gravenhorst. 1802) Gravenhorst. 1802	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) fuscatus (Gravenhorst. 1802)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 43–49, 69)</p>
            <p> fuscatus Gravenhorst, 1802 , 164 (  Staphylinus ). </p>
            <p> Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3378 (  Ocypus , complete synonymy and secondary references included); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , complete synonymy included). </p>
            <p>Type material. Gravenhorst (1802: 164) described the species from an unknown number of specimens, without giving the type locality. I have not seen the type material; the concept of the species is the one commonly used by all authors; there is hardly any doubt that this concept is correct.</p>
            <p>Material studied: CHINA: Xinjiang: ”China-Xinjiang, 2000–3000 m, SW Borohoro Shan, 40 km ENE QUINGSHUIEZI, 24– 26.7.1993, J. Kaláb leg.” (ɗ) (NMW).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized species with dark metallic lustre on head and pronotum, with double (coarser punctures intermixed with very fine punctures), irregular punctation on head and pronotum, with sexually dimorphic area behind anterior corners of pronotum, with abdominal tergite 2 finely and densely punctate and pubescent only along apical margin, and with characteristic aedoeagus (Figs. 45, 64).</p>
            <p>Description. Black, head and pronotum with dark metallic lustre, moderately shiny; elytra black, more or less dull, with slight, dark metallic lustre; abdomen black; pubescence on head, pronotum, elytra and abdomen piceous; maxillary and labial palpi testaceous to testaceobrunneous, antennae piceous; legs piceous to piceous black, with more or less paler tarsi, particularly front ones. Head of rounded quadrangular shape, with rounded posterior angles, wider than long (ratio 1.15), eyes moderately large, little convex, tempora slightly longer than eyes from above; dorsal surface of head moderately finely, irregularly and sparsely punctate, with intermixed, very fine punctures, interspaces between punctures on disc considerably larger than diameters of punctures, punctation becoming much denser on tempora and on lateral portions of posterior margin; traces of impunctate midline present; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Dorsal side of neck with fine and dense punctation, middle portion almost impunctate. Antenna short, segments 3 slightly longer than segment 2 (ratio 1.18), segments 4 to 7 longer than wide, becoming gradually shorter, segments 8 to 10 about as long as wide to slightly wider than long, last segment short, considerably shorter than two preceding segments combined. Pronotum about as wide as long, subparallel-sided, moderately convex, narrow marginal groove disappearing downwards at about anterior third of pronotal length; impunctate midline complete, punctation fine to moderately coarse, with intermixed very fine punctures, irregular, i.e. leaving variably large areas impunctate; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Pronotal hypomeron without microsetae. Scutellum densely punctate and setose. Elytra moderately long, vaguely dilated posteriad, at suture shorter (ratio 0.82), at sides about as long as pronotum at midline; punctation very fine and very dense, granulose, elytra therefore appearing rather dull. Wings fully developed. Abdomen with fifth visible tergite with pale apical seam of palisade setae; tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) finely and densely punctate only along apical margin; all tergites evenly, very densely and very finely punctate, punctation becoming gradually somewhat sparser toward apex of abdomen; interspaces with very fine, dense submeshed microsculpture.</p>
            <p>Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum densely punctate. Sternite 8 with shallow, moderately wide, almost arcuate medioapical emargination. Genital segment with tergite 10 arcuate apically, with numerous long setae on apical portion, otherwise densely and finely setose (Fig. 43); sternite 9 as in Fig. 44, with narrow basal portion, apical portion vaguely notched medioapically (Fig. 44). Aedoeagus (Figs.45–48) with median lobe in ventral view markedly asymmetrical, extended into subacute apical portion, right lateral portion of median lobe in ventral view straight to evenly arcuate below apex. Paramere situated on median lobe asymmetrically, shaped as in Figs. 47–48, with subacute apex not reaching apex of median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with minute sensory setae situated as in Fig. 48.</p>
            <p>Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate or almost impunctate. Tergite 10 of genital segment relatively large, evenly narrowed toward subacute apex, without differentiated apical portion (Fig. 49).</p>
            <p>Body length 11.0–15.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus fuscatus is widely distributed throughout the western portion of the Palaearctic region, eastward through Kazakhstan and western Siberia to Xinjiang and eastern Siberia. </p>
            <p> Bionomics.  Ocypus fuscatus occurs within its large distributional range in a wide variety of habitats, from lowland to high montane habitats (e.g., at 2500 m in north Tirol, Horion 1965: 222). Occurs both in open country (meadows, pastures, fields, even dry sandy slopes, etc.) and forest habitats. No habitat data are available for the Chinese specimen studied. </p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus fuscatus may be confused, within the mainland China fauna, only with  O. nigroaeneus , but the two species may be easily distinguished in both sexes by the sculpture of the area behind the anterior angles of the pronotum, and by the shapes of the aedoeagi (see Figs. 45, 52). The in habitus similar species  O. inexspectatus differs easily by the entirely punctate and pubescent abdominal tergite 2, in addition to the differently shaped aedoeagus (Fig. 24). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFBBF843FF194D364C28F8F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFBEF846FF194AC54EE7FB11.text	03DFE029FFBEF846FF194AC54EE7FB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) nigroaeneus Sharp 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) nigroaeneus Sharp, 1889</p>
            <p>(Figs. 50–56)</p>
            <p> nigroaeneus Sharp, 1889 , 109 (  Ocypus ). </p>
            <p> Bernhauer &amp; Schubert, 1914, 388 (  Staphylinus ; Grupp e (  Ocypus ); J. Müller, 1925, 45 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1401 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , variety of  rambouseki ); Adachi, 1957, 20 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , variety of  rambouseki ); Shibata, 1984, 93 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , variety of  rambouseki ); Shibata, 1985, 302 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus , variety of  rambouseki ); Yuh, Paik, Kwon, &amp; Lee, 1985, 246 (  Ocypus ); Li, 1993, 38 (  Ocypus , spelled as nigraeneus); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 44 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3390 (  Ocypus ); Smetana, 2004, 678 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> Type material.  Ocypus nigroaeneus . Sharp (1889, 109) described the species from eight specimens from “Subashiri, Nanai; Hakodate, Sept. 1880 ". I was able to study five specimens of the original series. They are labeled as follows: Specimen 1 (female): “  Ocypus nigro-aeneus. Type ex parte. D. S. Japan. Lewis” [on plate with the beetle] / ” Type ” [round label with red margin] / ” Japan. G. Lewis.” / ”Sharp Coll. 1905.-313.” [upside down] / ”SYN-TYPE” [round label with blue margin]. Specimens 2 (left) and 3 (right) (females; glued together on the same plate): “  Ocypus nigro-aeneus. Subaphiri. Japan.” [on plate with the beetles] / ” Japan. G. Lewis.” / ”Sharp Coll. 1905.-313.” [upside down] / ”SYN-TYPE” [round label with blue margin]. Specimen 4 (female): “Olga Bay” / ”Sharp Coll. 1905.-313.” [upside down] / ”SYN-TYPE” [round label with blue margin] / ” SYNTYPE  Ocypus nigroaeneus Sharp, 1889 det. R. G. Booth 2009”. Specimen 5 (male): “ Japan. G. Lewis. 1910-320.” / ” SYNTYPE  Ocypus nigroaeneus Sharp, 1889 det. R. G. Booth 2009”. </p>
            <p> In order to preserve stability of nomenclature of the group, it is necessary to designate a lectotype for  O. nigroaeneus . Since the shape of tergite 10 of the female genital segment of  O. nigroaeneus is characteristic and markedly different from that of  O. fuscatus , I designate the female specimen 2 of the original series (see above) as the lectotype of  O. nigroaeneus . The label “ Lectotype (left specimen)  Ocypus nigroaeneus Sharp, 1889 A. Smetana des. 2009” has been attached to the pin with the two specimens. The lectotype is in good shape, only segments 9–11 of left antenna are missing. </p>
            <p>Additional material studied. CHINA: Gansu: ”Kan-ssa, 1885, G. Potanin” (1) (NMW); Heilongjiang: ”Heilungkiang, Harbin, 24.4.[19]66, P. M. Hammond / N. CHINA: P. M. Hammond. B. M. 1967-215” (1) (NHM); Shanxi: ”Wutaishan, 4–5.VI.1993, G. De Rougemont” (1) (GRC); Sichuan: ” China, N Sichuan prov., HONGYUAN, ca 4200 m, 21.7.– 3.8.1991, J. Kaláb leg.” (4) (ASC, NMW); RUSSIA: Primorskiy Kray: ”Seitengraben des Perwaja Rjetschka Tales, nördl. Wladiwostok / H. Frieb leg., 1918–1920 ” (1) (NMW); ” Russia, Primorie, S Artyom town env., 100–300 m, Ozenyi kluytch riv., 20.IV.–30.V.1976, leg. A. Plutenko” (2) (ASC, MSC); ” Russia or.: Primorie, Sikhote-Alinsky Res[erve]., Kordon Blagodatnoe, 136°32’36”E 44°55’45”N, 7–12.VII.1999, leg. J. Sundukov” (1) (MSC); ” RUSSIA: Primorie, 20 km N Artyom town, 100–300 m, Kamenushka river, VI–VII.1997, leg. A. Plutenko” (2) (ASC, MSC); Sakhalinskaya oblast’: ”RU[ssia]: Sakhalin isl., Anivskyi dis[trict]., Oghon’ki vill[age]., Partizanka riv., 4– 26.IV. [19]96, A. Plutenko” (2) (ASC); JAPAN: Honshu: ” JAPAN: HONSHU: Ibaraki Tsukuba, NIAES 14– 25.VII.1989, M. J. Sharkey, FIT” (1) (CNC); ”Hiratsuka, JAPAN, Aug. 14. 1959, Col. K. Tanaka” (1) (YSC); same but Aug. 27, 1962 (1) (YSC); ”(Near ZUSHI) Machida, Tokyo, June 14, 1976, Y. Shibata legt.” (1) (YSC); same but XII.2.1976 (1) (YSC); ”Urayasu Chûokôen Urayasu, Chiba, Apr. 16th, 1980, S. Saito leg.” (2) (ASC, YSC); ”Meshimori-yama, NAGANO Pref., 22.IX.1968, Coll. R. Suzuki” (1) (YSC); ” ITOU (SIZUOKA), Dec. 19th 1971, Coll. H. HORIE ” (1) (YSC); ”Near ASHIGAKUBO, Saitama pref., III.19.1972, H. Horie leg.” (1) (YSC); Hokkaido: ”(SHIRETOKO), Hokkaido, Japan, August 2nd 1962, Y. Shibata” (3) (ASC, YSC); ”Mt. Rausudake, Hokkaido, viii.22.1963, T. Okumura leg.” (1) (YSC); same, but July 28. 1975, T. Matsumoto (1) (YSC); ”(Chûbetsu River) Kagura, Asahikawa, HOKKAIDO, IV.21.1980, H. Matsumoto leg.” (1) (YSC); ”(Ishikari River) Esaushi Kamikawa, HOKKAIDO, IV.18.1980, V.17.1980, H. Matsumoto leg.” (3) (ASC, YSC); ”CHUBETSU Riv. Asahikawa, HOKKAIDO, IV.24.1979, H. Matsumoto leg.” (1) (YSC);”(Horokaishikari) Kamikawa, Hokkaido, Aug. 23 rd, 1977, T. Matsumoto leg.” (1) (YSC); ”(AKKESHI) HOKKAIDO, Aug. 4 1962, K. Mizusawa” (1) (YSC); ”OIKAMANAI Taiki, Hokkaido, June 27th 1993, K. Shibata leg.” (2) (YSC); ”Mt. Sharidake, Hokkaidô, Aug. 15. 1962, Coll. S. Tsukaguchi” (1) (YSC); ”(Lake ABASHIRI) Meman-betsu, Hokkaido, VIII.24.1980, T. Matsumoto leg.” (1) (YSC); ”Chûbetsu Riv. Asahikawa, HOKKAIDO, IV.24.1979, T. Matsumoto leg.” (1) (YSC).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Medium-sized species, sharing most character states with  O. fuscatus , but distinct mainly by different secondary sexual characters on pronotum, and by differently shaped aedoeagus. </p>
            <p> Description. In all character states similar to  O. fuscatus , but different by a few external characters, including the secondary sexual characters on pronotum, and by the differently shaped aedoeagus. Average size larger, body form more robust. Punctation of head on average coarser and denser (but see Comments), punctation of pronotum mostly coarser and denser (but see Comments), with a variably large impunctate area on each side of impunctate midline. </p>
            <p> Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate on ground with distinct microsculpture of longitudinal striae. Sternite 8 with shallow, moderately wide, almost arcuate medioapical emargination, similar to that of  O. fuscatus . Genital segment with tergite 10 not appreciably different from that of  O. fuscatus (Fig. 50); sternite 9 similar to that of  O. fuscatus , but markedly shorter and wider with apex arcuate or minutely notched (Fig. 51). Aedoeagus (Figs.52–55) similar to that of  O. fuscatus , but right lateral portion of median lobe in ventral view abruptly dilated below apex. Paramere situated on median lobe quite asymmetrically, longer and differently shaped than that of  O. fuscatus (Figs. 52, 54), with subacute apex not reaching apex of median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with minute sensory setae situated as in Fig. 55. </p>
            <p>Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate on ground with distinct microsculpture of longitudinal striae, not different from that of male. Tergite 10 of genital segment relatively large, slightly differentiated apical portion short, with subacute apex (Fig.56).</p>
            <p>Body length 12.0–15.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus nigroaeneus is at present known from the Lake Baikal area, eastward through Heilongjiang to the Russian Far East, including the island of Sakhalin, and to Japan (both in Hokkaido and Honshu). In mainland China southward through Shanxi and Gansu to northern Sichuan. </p>
            <p>Bionomics. Nothing is known about the habitat preferences of this species.</p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus nigroaeneus may only be confused with  O. fuscatus , the only other species with the base of tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) lacking punctures and pubescence, and with fifth visible tergite bearing pale apical seam of palisade setae (Fig. 67). However, the two species differ, in addition to the differently shaped aedoeagi (Figs. 45, 52), by the different secondary sexual characters on the area behind the anterior angles of the pronotum (see above), and by the differently shaped tergites 10 of the female genital segments (Figs. 49, 56). The punctation of the head and pronotum in  O. nigroaeneus varies both in the density and coarseness, but the pronotal punctation is characteristic by the presence of only one variably large impunctate area on each side of impunctate midline (see above), whereas the pronotal punctation in  O. fuscatus is characteristic by the presence of several impuncate areas on both sides of the impunctate midline. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFBEF846FF194AC54EE7FB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
03DFE029FFBCF848FF194EAB4C8EFA20.text	03DFE029FFBCF848FF194EAB4C8EFA20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocypus (Pseudocypus) aereus Cameron 1928	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ocypus (Pseudocypus) aereus Cameron, 1928</p>
            <p>(Figs. 57–61)</p>
            <p> aereus Cameron, 1928 , 565 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ) </p>
            <p> Cameron, 1932, 204 (  Staphylinus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Scheerpeltz, 1933, 1390 (  Staphylinus ); Scheerpeltz, 1976, 90 (  Staphylinus ); Smetana &amp; Davies, 2000, 43 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ); Herman, 2001, 3362 (  Ocypus ); Smetana, 2004, 677 (  Ocypus ; subg.  Pseudocypus ). </p>
            <p> Type material. Cameron (1928: 565) described the species from one female taken in Sikkim: Tangu, altitude 11,500 feet (26.iv.1924). The holotype in the Natural History Museum, London, is labeled as follows: “ Holotype ”[round label with red margin] / ”Sikhim: Tangu. 11,500 ft. 26.iv.1924. Maj. R. W. G. Hingston.” / ”  Ocypus aereus Cam. TYPE ” [TYPE in red ink] / ” HOLOTYPE  Ocypus aereus Cameron, 1928 det. R. G. Booth 2009". The specimen is pinned, it is in fair condition, right antenna is missing except for two basal segments. </p>
            <p>The holotype is the only known female of this species. Due to the frail condition of the holotype, I refrained from dissecting it.</p>
            <p>Additional material studied: CHINA: Xizang: “VII b” / ”II. Dolan Expedition WestChina / Tibet leg. E. Schäfer, 1934 / 36” (2) (ASC, NMW).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species with black appendages, with punctures bearing parascutellar and posteromedian seta on each elytron large, pit-like, with abdominal tergites each bearing shallow impression on each side of midline, and with characteristically shaped aedoeagus.</p>
            <p>Description. Entirely black, head, pronotum and elytra with dark greenish metallic lustre, shiny, elytra slightly less so; all appendages uniformly black, except apical portion of each mandible partially paler, dark rufobrunneous; pubescence of dorsal side of body black. Head of obtusely quadrangular shape, with obtuse posterior angles, wider than long (ratio 1. 21), slightly dilated posteriad behind eyes, eyes moderately large, little convex, tempora about as long as eyes from above; dorsal surface of head finely, moderately densely punctate, interspaces between punctures on disc mostly considerably larger than diameters of punctures, punctation becoming much denser on tempora and on lateral portions of posterior margin; more or less appreciable impunctate midline present on posterior half of head; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Dorsal side of neck with fine and dense punctation finer and denser that that on head. Antenna short, segments 3 slightly longer than segment 2 (ratio 1.16), segments 4 to 6 slightly longer than wide, becoming gradually shorter, segments 7 to 10 about as long as wide to slightly wider than long, last segment short, considerably shorter that two preceding segments combined. Pronotum as long as wide, slightly narrowed anteriad, moderately convex, narrow marginal groove disappearing downwards at about anterior third of pronotal length; impunctate midline complete, punctation similar to that on disc of head, but denser; interspaces between punctures without microsculpture. Pronotal hypomeron without microsetae. Scutellum densely punctate, with black tomentose pubescence on apical half. Elytra moderately long, slightly dilated posteriad, at suture shorter (ratio 0.81), at sides vaguely shorter (ratio 0.94) than pronotum at midline; punctation very fine, dense, subgranulose, transverse interspaces between punctures mostly about as large as diameters of punctures, without microsculpture; punctures bearing parascutellar and posteromedian seta on each elytron large, pit-like, puncture bearing parascutellar seta smaller than that bearing posteromedian seta. Wings: development unknown. Abdomen with fifth visible tergite without pale apical seam of palisade setae; tergite 2 (in front of first visible tergite) with only a row of setiferous punctures along apical margin; visible tergites 1–5 each bearing shallow impression on each side of midline, punctation of tergites fine, dense, becoming sparser toward apical margin of each tergite, and in general toward apex of abdomen; interspaces with very fine, dense submeshed microsculpture becoming markedly denser and coarser toward lateral margins of each tergite.</p>
            <p>Male. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum densely punctate on ground with distinct microsculpture of longitudinal striae. Sternite 8 with moderately wide and deep, obtusely triangular medioapical emargination. Genital segment with tergite 10 densely setose, with almost truncate apex (Fig. 57); sternite 9 short and wide, with narrow, rather long basal portion, apical portion with narrowly arcuate apex (Fig.58). Aedoeagus (Figs.59–6 l) short, relatively wide, median lobe in ventral view markedly asymmetrical, with right lateral portion markedly triangularly expanded. Paramere situated on median lobe asymmetrically, shaped as in Figs. 59, 60, with subacute apex not reaching apex of median lobe; underside of paramere lacking sensory peg setae, but with minute sensory setae situated as in Fig. 61.</p>
            <p>Female. Area behind anterior angles of pronotum sparingly punctate on ground with distinct microsculpture of longitudinal striae. There was no female available for dissecting (see Type material), the shape of tergite 10 of genital segment remains therefore unknown for now.</p>
            <p>Length 13.0–14.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ocypus aereus is at present known from the Himalaya in Nepal (Scheerpeltz 1976: 90) and Sikkim (Cameron 1932: 204), and from Xizang (Tibet) in the People’s Republic of China. </p>
            <p>Bionomics. Nothing is known about the habitat preferences of this species.</p>
            <p> Recognition and comments.  Ocypus aereus may be easily recognized by the black coloration of the body and the appendages, combined with the pit-like character of the punctures bearing parascutellar and posteromedian seta on each elytron (see the description for details), and with the presence of the shallow impression on each side of midline of the visible abdominal tergites 1–5. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFE029FFBCF848FF194EAB4C8EFA20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smetana, Aleš	Smetana, Aleš (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of the “ Staphylinus-complex ” (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 21. The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, subgenus Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Section 4. Zootaxa 2286: 1-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191273
