identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DF87F1E279FFD7FF5FFC0BBE06068B.text	03DF87F1E279FFD7FF5FFC0BBE06068B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes augustoi Alvarado 2018	<div><p>Aphanistes augustoi sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 1–5, 30, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of features: ovipositor with a dorsal notch and not pre-apically swollen, a predominantly testaceous species with hind tarsomeres brownish and ovipositor valvae brownish with distal third testaceous.</p><p>Description. Female: fore wing length 11.3 mm.</p><p>Head. Clypeus (Fig. 2) convex, apically slightly concave and produced into a very distinct point that extends well beyond mandibles when closed, beak-like in appearance; mandibles short and stout, wide at base, tapering slightly, upper tooth longer than lower tooth; malar space very narrow, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width; frons strigulate with median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina from base of median ocellus to between toruli (Fig. 30); ocelli large, lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.3× its own maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.5× their own maximum diameter; distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.1× their own maximum diameters; occipital carina mediodorsally complete; occiput smooth, with punctures separated by 1–2× puncture width, except without setae at ocellar level; gena imbricate with punctures separated by 3–4× puncture width (Fig. 3); antenna with 39 flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum imbricate with punctures separated by 2–2.5× puncture width, except strigose on ventral half and upwards along posterior margin. Mesoscutum with notauli barely impressed; smooth with punctures separated by 1–1.5× puncture width, except between notauli, on distal half rugulose. Mesoscutellar groove with similar texture as on mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum flat, smooth with deep punctures that give a rugulose appearance, punctures separated by 2–3× puncture width, without a distinct lateral carina. Mesopleuron without a transverse concavity; smooth with punctures separated by 1.5–2.5× puncture width, below subalar prominence striate; epicnemial carina present, extending to about 0.2× distance to upper margin (Fig. 5); metapleuron convex, reticulate, centrally produced into a shelf-like prominence. Propodeum reticulate as on metapleuron; carinae untraceable. Legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.5× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 3.2× as long as deep. Fore wing (Fig. 1) with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.1× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 2.6× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; 2+3rs-m joining M at approximately an angle of 140o. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 sclerotized throughout; distal abscissa of 1A sclerotized throughout.</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma very slender; tergum II about 6.9× as long as posteriorly high (in lateral view); terga II to VIII finely punctate, with fairly long, fine pubescence on sides. Ovipositor about 0.6× as long as hind tibia; with a dorsal notch, not pre-apically swollen (Fig. 4).</p><p>PLATE 1 FIGURES 1–5. Morphology of Aphanistes augustoi, sp. nov. 1. Habitus in lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm) 2. Facial view 3. Head in lateral view 4. Ovipositor in lateral view 5. Mesosoma in lateral view.</p><p>Color. Predominantly testaceous (Fig. 1) except face, malar space, gena (on lower half, next to compound eyes), and mandible yellowish; metasomal tergum II dorsally brownish black; and distal half of hind femur, dorsally, hind tarsomeres, and ovipositor valvae brownish but with distal third testaceous (Fig. 1). Wings softly infuscate; pterostigma brown.</p><p>Male: Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species was revised by Gauld &amp; Bradshaw (1997) who placed it within the crepuscularis species group. The paratype series varies from the holotype in the following details: antenna with 41 flagellomeres; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.4× its own maximum diameter; fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 0.9× as long as Cu1b; and, 2+3rs-m 3.4× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronymic honoring the author’s brother, Augusto Alvarado Gutiérrez.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, “ ECUADOR: Napo Pastaza, Sebundoi [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.5/lat 0.5)">Sebundoy</a>; 0o30’N, 77o30’W;], 2600m. 11-12.ix.1977 / L. E Pena Coll. B.M. 1978–293” (NHML); antenna missing.</p><p>Paratype: 1 individual of uncertain gender, same data as holotype except date 11-15.xi.1977 (NHML); metasoma missing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E279FFD7FF5FFC0BBE06068B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
03DF87F1E27BFFD1FF5FFD2ABAF50080.text	03DF87F1E27BFFD1FF5FFD2ABAF50080.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes cachil Alvarado 2018	<div><p>Aphanistes cachil sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 6–11, 31, 36–38, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of features: ovipositor with a dorsal notch and not pre-apically swollen and predominantly reddish-brown species. This species looks like A. silviae sp. n., but A. cachil sp. n. has the propodeum basally and centrally, and hind coxa dorsally brownish black while A. silviae sp. n. has the propodeum and hind coxa evenly reddish-brown.</p><p>Description. Female: fore wing length 14 mm.</p><p>Head. Clypeus (Fig. 9) smooth with punctures separated by 6–8× puncture width, convex, apically slightly concave and produced into a very distinct point that extends well beyond mandibles when closed, beak-like in appearance; mandibles short and stout, wide at base, tapering slightly, upper tooth longer than lower tooth; malar space very narrow, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 9); frons strigulate with median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina from base of median ocellus to between toruli (Fig. 31); ocelli large, lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.4× its own maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.6× their own maximum diameter; distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.1× their own maximum diameters; occipital carina mediodorsally complete; occiput smooth, mediodorsally without setae (with few scatter setae centrally, close to occipital carina), rest with punctures separated by 2–4× puncture width; gena smooth with punctures separated by 1.5–2.5× puncture width (Fig. 8); antenna with 45 flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum imbricate with punctures separated by 1.0–2.5× puncture width, except strigose on ventral half and upwards along anterior and posterior margin. Mesoscutum with notauli barely impressed; smooth with punctures separated by 1–2× puncture width, between notauli, in distal third, areolate. Mesoscutellar groove with similar texture as mesoscutum but laterally scrobiculate. Mesoscutellum slightly concave, areolate, without distinct lateral carina. Mesopleuron without a transverse concavity; smooth with punctures separated by 3–5× puncture width and next to mesopleural suture (lower half in lateral view) with punctures separated by 1–2× puncture width, subalar prominence and between subalar prominence and speculum strigose; epicnemial carina present, extending to about 0.2× distance to upper margin (Fig. 7); sternaulus barely impressed, extending about halfway across mesopleuron; metapleuron convex, reticulate, with a median longitudinal carina that is centrally produced into a shelf-like prominence. Propodeum (Fig. 10) reticulate as on metapleuron; carinae untraceable, except pleural carina discernible. Legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.9× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 3.0× as long as deep. Fore wing (Fig. 6) with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.1× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 1.8× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; 2+3rs-m joining M at approximately an angle of 140o. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 sclerotized throughout; distal abscissa of 1A sclerotized throughout.</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma very slender; tergum II about 6.9× as long as posteriorly high (in lateral view); terga II to VIII finely punctate, with fairly long setae on entirely surface. Ovipositor about 0.5× as long as hind tibia; with a dorsal notch, not pre-apically swollen (Fig. 11).</p><p>Color. Predominantly reddish-brown (Fig. 6), except: face and malar space yellowish; antenna basally reddishbrown grading apically to dark brown; propodeum (Fig. 10) basally and centrally, hind coxa dorsally (Fig. 7, 10), hind basitarsus (expect apically grading, at about 0.8 of its length, to testaceous), and tergum II dorsally dark brown (Fig. 6); ovipositor valvae brownish black but with distal quarter testaceous (Fig. 11); scape reddish testaceous; fore and mid tibia, fore, mid tarsomeres, and hind tarsomeres 2 to 4 testaceous.</p><p>PLATE 2 FIGURES 6–11. Morphology of Aphanistes cachil, sp. nov. 6. Habitus, in lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm) 7. Mesosoma in lateral view 8. Head in lateral view 9. Facial view 10. Propodeum 11. Ovipositor in lateral view. Opened 28Dec2017</p><p>Male: Similar to female except: slightly darker than female, hind femur distally grading, at about 0.8 of its longitude, to dark brown; lateral ocelli separated from compound eyes by 0.7× their own maximum diameter, and, distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.3× their own maximum diameters.</p><p>Male terminalia. Metasomal tergum VIII fused to metasomal tergum IX, not divided medially. Sternum VIII with distal end laterally convex and centrally straight. Genitalia with parameres not fused, separated from gonobase (Fig. 36); in lateral view (Fig. 38), 0.5x as wide as long (wide measured at level of basi-dorsal most point, and length from that point to most distal end), distal margin more or less straight with a notch on dorsal most section. Volsella (in ventral view) with digitus tubular, distally softly turned inwards; cuspis tubular, semicircular-shaped; apodeme of volsella distally turned to side (Fig. 37). Aedeagus apically downturned; apodeme of aedaegus reaching to middle of foramen genitale. Gonobase complete (forming a ring); in ventral view, without expansions centrally.</p><p>Remarks. The individuals vary in size, fore wing length 10.8–14.6 mm, and two female paratypes considerably smaller (fore wing length 8.0– 8.2 mm). The paratype series varies from the holotype in the following details: lateral ocelli separated from compound eye by about 04–0.6× its own maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.2–0.4× its own maximum diameter; antenna with 36–46 flagellomeres; fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 0.9–1.2× as long as Cu1b (0.9–1.0× in small specimens); 2+3rs-m 1.3–2.7× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.8–2.9× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 2.9–3.0× as long as deep; tergum II about 6.5–7.3× as long as posteriorly deep; and, ovipositor about 0.4–0.5× as long as hind tibia (0.6–0.7× in small specimens).</p><p>This species is the only one collected in the western slope of the Andes of Peru; in one of last relicts of cloud forest in the western slopes on the Andes of Peru. Two surveys were done in Cachil forest during November of 2014 and April of 2015; most specimens were collected in April and only one specimen was collected in November.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet cachil is in honor of the type locality. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: CA [Cajamarca department] Contumaza, Bosque de Cachil, 7º23’36.9”S / 78º46’51.2”W 2680m trampas de luz 19.iv.2015 J. Grados leg.” (MUSM).</p><p>Paratypes (9♀, 1♂): 2♀, same data as holotype; 4♀, 1♂, same data as holotype except date 18.iv.2015; 3♀, same data as holotype except date 22.iv.2015; and, 1♀ same data as holotype except date 22.x.2014 (all in MUSM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E27BFFD1FF5FFD2ABAF50080	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
03DF87F1E27DFFD3FF5FFB28BD8A0119.text	03DF87F1E27DFFD3FF5FFB28BD8A0119.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes paolae Alvarado 2018	<div><p>Aphanistes paolae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 12–17, 33, 39–41, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of features: ovipositor without a dorsal notch and pre-apically markedly swollen, mesopleuron with a transverse concavity at the level of lower edge of speculum, mesosoma and coxae blackish-brown, and metasoma reddish-brown.</p><p>Description. Female: fore wing length 16.2 mm.</p><p>Head. Clypeus (Fig. 17) convex, apically slightly concave and produced into a very distinct point that extends well beyond mandibles when closed, beak-like in appearance; mandibles short and stout, wide at base, tapering slightly, upper tooth longer than lower tooth; malar space very narrow, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 17); frons smooth, rugulose around median ocellus, median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina at middle of frons (Fig. 33); ocelli large, lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.1× their own maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.4× their own maximum diameter; distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.1× its own maximum diameters; occipital carina mediodorsally complete but faint; occiput smooth and softly rugulose, with punctures separated by 4–5× puncture width; gena imbricate with punctures separated by 1–3× puncture width (Fig. 16); antenna with 48 flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum imbricate with punctures separated by 1–1.5× puncture width, except strigose on ventral half and upwards along posterior margin. Mesoscutum with notauli barely impressed; smooth with punctures separated by 1–2× puncture width, except in lobes centrally with punctures separated by 0.5–1× puncture width and medial lobe in distal third rugulose. Mesoscutellar groove scrobiculate. Mesoscutellum centrally with a longitudinal concavity, smooth with deep punctures that give a rugulose appearance, punctures separated by 3–4× PLATE 3 FIGURES 12–17. Morphology of Aphanistes paolae, sp. nov. 12. Habitus in lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm) 13. Mesosoma in lateral view 14. Propodeum 15. Ovipositor in lateral view 16. Head in lateral view 17. Facial view.</p><p>puncture width, without a distinct lateral carina. Mesopleuron with a transverse concavity at level of lower edge of speculum (Fig. 13); upper concavity, smooth with punctures separated by 2–4× puncture width; bellow concavity, smooth with punctures separated by 4–5× puncture width (except anterior 0.3 scrobiculate and next to epicnemial carina); posterior margin next to mesopleural suture carinate; epicnemial carina (Fig. 13) present, extending to about 0.5× distance to upper margin; sternaulus softly rugose at middle, extending about halfway across mesopleuron; metapleuron convex, reticulate, centrally produced into a shelf-like prominence. Propodeum (Fig. 14) reticulate as on metapleuron; carinae untraceable. Legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.4× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 2.2× as long as deep. Fore wing (Fig. 12) with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.4× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 2× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; 2+3rs-m joining M at approximately an angle of 160o. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 sclerotized throughout; distal abscissa of 1A spectral.</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma very slender; tergum II about 7.5× as long as posteriorly high (in lateral view); terga II to VIII finely punctate, with fairly long, fine pubescence on sides. Ovipositor about 0.3× as long as hind tibia; without a dorsal notch, pre-apically markedly swollen (Fig. 15).</p><p>Color. Head blackish-brown except face, orbits (except brownish next to lateral ocelli) and mandible on basal half yellowish, and antennae and malar space reddish brown; mesosoma and coxae blackish brown; metasoma and legs reddish brown, tarsomeres testaceous. Wings hyaline; pterostigma glaucous.</p><p>Male: Similar to female except: 47 flagellomeres; pronotum with punctures separated by 3–4× puncture width; fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.1× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 1.8× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu.</p><p>Male terminalia. Metasomal tergum VIII fused to metasomal tergum IX, not divided medially. Sternum VIII 0.5x as wide as long; distal end convex, centrally slightly concave. Genitalia with parameres not fused dorsobasally, separated from gonobase (Fig. 40); in lateral view (Fig. 41), 0.5x as wide as long (wide measured at level of basi-dorsal most point, and, length from that point to most distal end), distal margin more or less convex without a notch. Volsella (in ventral view) with digitus flattened, projecting sideways; cuspis flattened, projecting sideways; apodeme of volsella distally turned to side (Fig. 39). Aedeagus apically downturned; apodeme of aedaegus reaching to about level as apodeme of volsella. Gonobase complete (forming a ring); in ventral view, without expansions centrally.</p><p>Remarks. This species was collected in the same time and locality as A. silviae sp. n.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a matronym honoring the author’s sister Paola Alvarado Gutiérrez.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: AM [Amazonas], Abra—Patricia [Protected Area], 13.xi.2012 0 5o 41’36’’S/ 77o48’41.9’’W, 2362 m, light trap, J. Suárez &amp; P. Sánchez” (MUSM).</p><p>Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype (MUSM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E27DFFD3FF5FFB28BD8A0119	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
03DF87F1E27FFFDDFF5FFA50BA6603F5.text	03DF87F1E27FFFDDFF5FFA50BA6603F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes ruthae Alvarado 2018	<div><p>Aphanistes ruthae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 18–23, 34, 42–44, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of features: ovipositor without a dorsal notch and pre-apically markedly swollen, distance between ocelli 0.2× the lateral ocellus maximum diameter, and predominantly testaceous species with the orbits and face predominantly yellowish.</p><p>Description. Female: fore wing length 14.9–16.3 mm.</p><p>Head. Clypeus (Fig. 20) convex, apically slightly concave and produced into a very distinct point that extends well beyond mandibles when closed, beak-like in appearance; mandibles short and stout, wide at base, tapering slightly, upper tooth longer than lower tooth; malar space very narrow, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width; frons smooth, slightly rugulose around median ocellus, median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina from base of median ocellus to between toruli (Fig. 34); ocelli large, lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.1× their maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.2× their maximum diameter; distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.2× their maximum diameters; occipital carina mediodorsally complete; occiput imbricate with punctures separated by 0.4–0.8× puncture width; gena imbricate with punctures separated by 1–2× puncture width; antenna with 50 flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum smooth with punctures separated by 1–1.5× puncture width, except strigose on ventral half and upwards along posterior margin. Mesoscutum with notauli barely impressed; smooth with punctures separated by 1–1.5× puncture width, except in lateral lobes centrally imbricate with punctures separated by 0.5–1× puncture width and medial lobe in distal third rugulose. Mesoscutellar groove scrobiculate. Mesoscutellum slightly concave, imbricate with punctures separated by 3–4× puncture width, with distinct lateral carina reaching 0.6× to posterior margin of mesoscutellum. Mesopleuron (Fig. 22) smooth with punctures separated by 3–4× puncture width in upper half and separated by 2–3× puncture width in lower half; lower half of posterior margin next to mesopleural suture broadly strigate and dorsally (upper speculum) softly strigate; epicnemial carina present, extending to about 0.5× distance to upper margin, but not reaching it; sternaulus as a shallow impression from softly to strongly rugose, extending about halfway across the mesopleuron; metapleuron convex, reticulate, centrally not produced into a shelf-like prominence. Propodeum (Fig. 23) reticulate as on metapleuron; carinae untraceable. Legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.0× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 2.0× as long as deep. Fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.1× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 4.8× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; 2+3rs-m joining M at approximately an angle of 150o. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 sclerotized throughout; distal abscissa of 1A spectral.</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma very slender; tergum II about 6.1× as long as posteriorly high (in lateral view); terga II to VIII finely punctate, with fairly long, fine pubescence on the sides. Ovipositor about 0.3× as long as hind tibia; without a dorsal notch, pre-apically markedly swollen (Fig. 21).</p><p>Color. Predominantly testaceous except face, and orbits (except next to lateral ocelli) yellowish; wings weakly uniformly yellowish, softly infuscate apically; and, pterostigma brown.</p><p>Male: Similar to female except: malar space very narrow, about 0.1–0.2× as long as basal mandibular width; distance between ocelli 0.5× their maximum diameter; 48–53 flagellomeres; tergum II about 7.3× as long as posteriorly deep; fore wing, vein 2+3rs-m 0.8–11× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu.</p><p>Male terminalia. Metasomal tergum VIII fused to metasomal tergum IX, not divided medially. Sternum VIII 0.5x as wide as long; distal end homogenously convex. Genitalia with parameres not fused dorso-basally, separated from gonobase (Fig. 42); in lateral view (Fig. 44), 0.6× as wide as long (wide measured at the level of the basidorsal most point, and, length from that point to the most distal end), distal margin more or less convex without a notch. Volsella (in ventral view) with digitus flattened, projecting sideways; cuspis flattened, projecting sideways; apodeme of volsella distally turned to the side (Fig. 43). Aedeagus apically downturned; apodeme of aedaegus reaching to distal margin of gonobase. Gonobase complete (forming a ring); in ventral view, centrally, with soft triangular expansions anteriorly.</p><p>Remarks. There is some variation in the size of the individuals, this has been reflected in the number of antennomeres, smaller specimens have less antennomeres 44–48. Additionally, the paratype series varies from the holotype in the following details: distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.2–0.3× their maximum diameters; hind coxa dorsally 2.0–2.2× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 2.1– 2.4× as long as deep. Fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 1.0–1.2× as long as Cu1b, 2+3rs-m 3.1–4.2× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu, and tergum II about 6.0–6.7× as long as posteriorly deep.</p><p>This species is quite similar to A. guatemalenus (beside the feature mentioned in the key), A. guatemalenus has the lateral ocelli separated from compound eye by about 0.3× its own maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.6× its own maximum diameter, and distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.1× its own maximum diameter; additionally, A. guatemalenus has the posterior margin of mesopleuron, next to mesopleural suture, weakly striate.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a matronym honoring the author’s sister Ruth Alvarado Gutiérrez.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, “ PERU: CU, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.439167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98919/lat -12.439167)">La Convención</a>, Echarate, Monte Carmelo, 12º26’21”S / 72º59’21.1”W 1349m . 23.ii.2011. Light trap M. Alvarado &amp; E. Razuri.” (MUSM).</p><p>Paratypes (2♂, 3♀,): 2♀, “ PERU: CU, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.15692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.660986" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.15692/lat -12.660986)">La Convención</a>, Echarate, CC. [Comunidad campesina] Otsanampiato 12º39’39.55”S / 73º09’24.92”W 1654m. 15.ix.2010. Light [trap] M. Alvarado y J. Peralta.” ; 2 ♂ “ PERU: CU, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.435223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9874/lat -12.435223)">La Convención</a>, Echarate, C. [Comunidad campesina] Monte Carmelo 12º26’06.80”S / 72º59’14.64”W 1327m. 28.ix.2010. Light [trap] J. Peralta. ”; and , 1♀ “PERU: PA, Oxapampa, PN [National Park] Yanachaga Chemillen, Refugio el Cedro, 75º21’26.6”W /10º32’43.2”S 2397m. 07.v.2011, C. Carranza leg” (all in MUSM).</p><p>PLATE 4 FIGURES 18–23. Morphology of Aphanistes ruthae, sp. nov. 18. Habitus, in lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm) 19. Head in lateral view 20. Facial view 21. Ovipositor in lateral view 22. Mesosoma in lateral view 23. Propodeum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E27FFFDDFF5FFA50BA6603F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
03DF87F1E272FFD9FF5FFF4CBBA1063E.text	03DF87F1E272FFD9FF5FFF4CBBA1063E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes silviae Alvarado 2018	<div><p>Aphanistes silviae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 24–29, 35, 45–47, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of features: ovipositor with a dorsal notch and not pre-apically swollen and predominantly reddish-brown species. This species looks like A. cachil sp. n., but A. silviae sp. n. has the hind tarsomeres 2–4 whitish cream while A. cachil sp. n. has the hind tarsomeres 2–4 testaceous.</p><p>Description. Female: fore wing length 12.8–14.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Clypeus (Fig. 28) convex, apically slightly concave and produced into a very distinct point that extends well beyond mandibles when closed, beak-like in appearance; mandibles short and stout, wide at base, tapering slightly, upper tooth longer than lower tooth; malar space very narrow, about 0.2× as long as basal mandibular width; frons strigulate with median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina from the base of median ocellus to between the toruli (Fig. 35); ocelli large, lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.5× its maximum diameter, distance between ocelli 0.6× their own maximum diameter; distance between lateral ocelli and occipital carina 0.1× their own maximum diameters; occipital carina mediodorsally complete; occiput smooth with punctures separated by 4–5× puncture width except without setae at ocelli level; gena smooth with punctures separated by 0.5–1.0× puncture width (Fig. 26); antenna with 42 flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum imbricate with punctures separated by 0.5–1.5× puncture width (scatter centrally), except strigose on ventral half and upwards along anterior and posterior margin. Mesoscutum with notauli barely impressed; smooth with punctures separated by 0.3–0.5× puncture width, medial lobe in distal third areolate. Mesoscutellar groove with similar texture as mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum slightly concave, areolate, without distinct lateral carina. Mesopleuron (Fig. 25) without a transverse concavity; smooth with punctures separated by 2–3× puncture width; next to mesopleural suture (lower half in lateral view) with deeper punctures separated by 0.3–0.5× puncture width, and between subalar prominence and speculum strigose; epicnemial carina present, extending to about 0.3× distance to upper margin; sternaulus barely impressed, extending about 0.3 basal of mesopleuron; metapleuron convex, reticulate, without a median longitudinal carina that is centrally produced into a shelf-like prominence. Propodeum reticulate as on metapleuron; carinae untraceable, except pleural carina discernible. Legs very slender, hind coxa dorsally 2.5× as long as deep; hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 3.0× as long as deep. Fore wing with Cu1 between 1m-cu and Cu1a 0.8× as long as Cu1b; 2+3rs-m 2.1× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; 2+3rs-m joining M at approximately an angle of 140o. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 sclerotized throughout; distal abscissa of 1A sclerotized throughout.</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma very slender; tergum II about 10× as long as posteriorly high (in lateral view); terga II to VIII finely punctate, with fairly long setae on entirely surface. Ovipositor about 0.6× as long as hind tibia; with a dorsal notch, not pre-apically swollen (Fig. 27).</p><p>Color. Predominantly reddish-brown (Fig. 24), except: face and malar space yellowish; antenna, hind tibia grading apically (about 0.6 of its longitude), basal 0.8 of hind basitarsus length, tergum II dorsally, and valvae (but distal third testaceous) dark brown; distal fifth of hind basitarsus length and hind tarsomeres 2–4 whitish cream.</p><p>Male: Similar to female except: antenna with 44 flagellomeres; fore wing with abscissa of M between 2+3rs-m and 2m-cu 0.6× length of 2+3rs-m; lateral ocelli separated from compound eyes by 0.9× their own maximum diameters.</p><p>Male terminalia. Metasomal tergum VIII fused to metasomal tergum IX, not divided medially. Sternum VIII with distal end homogenously convex. Genitalia with parameres not fused, separated from gonobase (Fig. 45); in lateral view (Fig. 47), 0.5× as wide as long (wide measured at the level of the basi-dorsal most point, and, length from that point to the most distal end), distal margin more or less straight with a notch on the dorsal most section. Volsella (in ventral view) with digitus tubular, distally softly turned inwards; cuspis tubular, semicircular-shaped; apodeme of volsella distally turned to the side (Fig. 46). Aedeagus apically downturned; apodeme of aedaegus reaching to the middle of the foramen genitale. Gonobase complete (forming a ring); in ventral view, centrally, with triangular expansions anterior and posteriorly.</p><p>Remarks. The paratype varies from the holotype on the following: malar space very narrow, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width; distance between ocelli 0.8× their own maximum diameter; antenna with 43 flagellomeres; fore wing with 2+3rs-m 2.2× as long as abscissa of M between 3rs-m and 2m-cu; and, hind trochantellus dorsally longer than broad apically, 2.4× as long as deep.</p><p>PLATE 5 FIGURES 24–29. Morphology of Aphanistes silviae, sp. nov. 24. Habitus in lateral view (scale bar = 5 mm) 25. Mesosoma in lateral view 26. Head in lateral view 27. Ovipositor in lateral view 28. Facial view 29. Propodeum.</p><p>PLATE 6 FIGURES 30–47. Details of head in dorsolateral view. 30. Aphanistes augustoi, sp. nov. 31. Aphanistes cachil, sp. nov. 32. Aphanistes crepuscularis Hopper, 1981 33. Aphanistes paolae, sp. nov. 34. Aphanistes ruthae, sp. nov. 35. Aphanistes silviae, new species . Figures 36–38. Male genitalia of A. cachil . 36. Dorsal view 37. Ventral view 38. Lateral view. Figures 39–41. Male genitalia of A. paolae . 39. Dorsal view 40. Ventral view 41. Lateral view. Figures 42–44. Male genitalia of A. ruthae . 42. Dorsal view 43. Ventral view 44. Lateral view. Figures 45–47. Male genitalia of A. silviae . 45. Dorsal view 46. Ventral view 47 Lateral view.</p><p>As the male specimens of A. silviae sp. n. would not fit in the characterization of the species-groups unless it is related with its female, it was compared with all the Aphanistes species occurring in the Neotropical region (except for A. colladoi Gauld &amp; Bradshaw, 1997) but the differences mentioned here will allow it to be distinguished from all the species in the region. Aphanistes silviae sp. n. differs in having the meso- and metasoma reddish brown, while the other species have the meso- and metathorax black or mesosoma black (black with margins of the sclerites reddish brown in A. didii Gauld &amp; Bradshaw, 1997) and metasoma dark reddish brown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a matronym honoring the author’s sister, Silvia del Pilar Alvarado Gutiérrez.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: AM [Amazonas], Abra—Patricia [Protected Area], 13.xi.2012 0 5o 41’36’’S/ 77o48’41.9’’W, 2362 m, light trap, J. Suárez &amp; P. Sánchez” (MUSM).</p><p>Paratypes (1♂, 1♀): ♂, ♀, same data as holotype except date 14.xi.2012 (both in MUSM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E272FFD9FF5FFF4CBBA1063E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
03DF87F1E276FFDAFF5FFF43BAF4077C.text	03DF87F1E276FFDAFF5FFF43BAF4077C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanistes crepuscularis Hopperand 1981	<div><p>Key to the species of the crepuscularis species group</p><p>1 Mesopleuron with epicnemial carina sometimes absent laterally, usually extending above level of lower corner of pronotum (Figs. 5, 7, 25); ovipositor with a dorsal notch, and pre-apically more or less cylindrical with diameter less than that of ovipos- itor medially (Figs. 4, 11, 27)............................................................................ 2</p><p>- Mesopleuron with epicnemial carina present, extending to about 0.5× distance to upper margin (Figs. 13, 22); ovipositor with- out a notch and pre-apically markedly swollen (Figs. 15, 21)................................................... 5</p><p>2 Metacoxa at least dorsally blackish brown, remainder reddish-brown or testaceous.................................. 3</p><p>- Metacoxa uniformly reddish-brown or testaceous............................................................ 4</p><p>3 Frons with median longitudinal ridge with a sharp, triangular ridge at middle; frons reddish-testaceous with orbits yellowish (Fig. 32).................................................................... A. crepuscularis Hopper, 1981 *</p><p>- Frons with median longitudinal ridge reduced to a short carina from base of median ocellus to between toruli; frons entirely and evenly reddish-brown (Fig. 31)............................................................ A. cachil sp. n.</p><p>4 Predominantly reddish-brown; hind tarsomeres 2–4 whitish (Fig. 24)................................. A. silviae sp. n.</p><p>- Predominantly testaceous; hind tarsomeres 2–4 brownish (Fig. 1)................................. A. augustoi sp. n.</p><p>5 Meso- and metasoma concolorous, testaceous (Fig. 18)........................................................ 6</p><p>- Color of mesosoma contrasting with that of metasoma (Fig. 12), or mesosoma of two colors.......................... 7</p><p>6 Antenna with 36 flagellomeres; lower face and orbits fulvous........................ A. guatemalenus (Cameron, 1886)</p><p>- Antenna with 44–50 flagellomeres; lower face and orbits (except next to lateral ocelli) yellowish (Fig. 34).. A. ruthae sp. n.</p><p>7 Lateral ocelli separated from compound eyes by 0.3× their own maximum diameters; mesosoma mainly reddish brown, black ventrally on propleuron and mesopleuron; antenna with 36 flagellomeres; mesoscutellum centrally flat............................................................................................ A. arcei Gauld &amp; Bradshaw, 1997</p><p>- Lateral ocelli separated from compound eyes by less than 0.1× their own maximum diameters; mesosoma blackish brown (Fig. 33); antenna with 47–48 flagellomeres; mesoscutellum centrally concave............................. A. paolae sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87F1E276FFDAFF5FFF43BAF4077C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, M.	Alvarado, M. (2018): Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 4369 (2): 221-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.4
