identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6B5F56103C2189B64B6F95ABF19D5CC7.text	6B5F56103C2189B64B6F95ABF19D5CC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralipsis Foerster 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</p>
            <p> Paralipsis Foerster, 1863</p>
            <p> Paralipsis Foerster, 1863: 248, 250;  Starý 1958: 85; Mackauer 1968: 22; Takada 1976: 1. Type species:  Aphidius enervis Nees, 1834 (by original designation). </p>
            <p> Myrmecobosca Maneval, 1940: 9. Type species:  Myrmecobosca mandibularis Maneval, 1940 (by original designation). Synonymised with  Paralipsis Foerster, 1863, by  Starý (1958). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Veins r + SR and 1-R1 of fore wing absent and if weakly indicated then continuous with postero-basal border of pterostigma (Fig. 1); pterostigma conspicuous and wide triangular (Figs 1, 14, 25); scapus much larger than pedicellus and apically widened (Fig. 4); first tergite parallel-sided or weakly widened posteriorly (Figs 3, 11, 19, 27); labial palp with 1 segment and maxillary palp with 2 segments; scutellum protuberant, but of ♀ of  Paralipsis eikoae and of males flattened; mandible strongly narrowed and twisted apically, with two minute apical teeth and with fine ventral carina (Fig. 22); fore and middle coxa nearly triangularly enlarged (Fig. 21); precoxal sulcus absent; ventrally head with long combined occipital and hypostomal carina (Fig. 23); length of body 2.0-2.7 mm. </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Myrmecophylic endoparasitoids of root aphids (  Aphididae ) (Maneval 1940; Hincks 1949, 1958;  Starý 1958; Pontin 1960). Fore wing frequently mutilated, possibly by ants during their stay inside the ant nest. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic; four species, of which two new to science.</p>
            <p> Key to species of  Paralipsis Foerster </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5F56103C2189B64B6F95ABF19D5CC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	van Achterberg, Cornelis;Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti	van Achterberg, Cornelis, Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti (2016): Revision of the genus Paralipsis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new species. ZooKeys 606: 25-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656
305243DD417ACB870F1A80988C5AB95A.text	305243DD417ACB870F1A80988C5AB95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralipsis eikoae (Yasumatsu 1951) Yasumatsu 1951	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</p>
            <p> Paralipsis eikoae (Yasumatsu, 1951) Figs 1-7 </p>
            <p> Myrmecobosca eikoae Yasumatsu, 1951: 171-174. </p>
            <p> Paralipsis eikoae ;  Starý 1958: 89; Yasumatsu 1960: 57; Mackauer 1968: 22; Takada 1968: 91, 1976: 15. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> 1 ♀ (RMNH), "[Japan:] Mt. Hiei, 15.v.1996, H. Takada", "Host:  Sappaphis piri ", "  Paralipsis eikoae (Yasumatsu), det. H. Takada, 2015". </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species shares with  Paralipsis enervis having the secondfourth segments of fore tarsus about as long as wide in dorsal view, the fore tarsus with medium-sized bristles apically (Figs 1, 8) and the hind tibia medially and femur subbasally parallel-sided (Figs 1, 2, 8). Differs by the dull and posteriorly finely sculptured scutellum (Fig. 7), the rather short  third–fifth antennal segments (Fig. 4), the largely dull and distinctly finely sculptured mesoscutum (Fig. 7), the more robust middle and hind femora and tibiae, the micro-sculptured hind tibia (Figs 1-2), the vein 2-1A of fore wing absent (Fig. 6) and the slenderer first tergite (Fig. 3). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Parasitoid of root aphids attended by the ants  Lasius sakagamii Yamauchi &amp; Hayashida, 1970 or  Lasius japonicus Santschi, 1941 (Yu et al. 2012, Akino and Yamaoka 1998). Holotype male was collected from a nest of  Lasius japonicus (published as  Lasius niger ; see Seifert 1992) in an old  Cryptomeria japonica tree and the species was reared as parasitoid of the aphid  Sappaphis piri Matsumura, 1918, on roots and subterranean stems of  Artemisia princeps Pamp. (Takada 1976). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Reported from Japan and Far East Russia (Yu et al. 2012).</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305243DD417ACB870F1A80988C5AB95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	van Achterberg, Cornelis;Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti	van Achterberg, Cornelis, Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti (2016): Revision of the genus Paralipsis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new species. ZooKeys 606: 25-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656
310A923350612AF1933B3CD74B98056F.text	310A923350612AF1933B3CD74B98056F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralipsis enervis (Nees 1834) Nees 1834	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</p>
            <p> Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834) Figs 8-15 </p>
            <p> Aphidius
enervis
 Nees, 1834: 26-27 (holotype male lost). </p>
            <p> Paralipsis enervis ;  Starý 1958: 85, 1961: 228-232; Hincks 1958: 20-21; Pontin 1960: 154-155; Mackauer 1968: 22. </p>
            <p> Myrmecobosca mandibularis Maneval, 1940: 10-11. Synonymised with  Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834) by  Starý (1958). </p>
            <p> Myrmecobosca linnei Hincks, 1949: 173-174. Synonymised with  Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834) by  Starý (1958). </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> 1 ♀ (RMNH), "Nederland: Rotterdam (Z.H.), NS-driehoek", "in ground-traps, 18.ix.1976, Insektenwerkgroep KNNV"; 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 20.viii.1976; 1 ♀ (RMNH), "Netherlands: Bennekom, 10.x.1971, D. Hille Ris Lambers", "[ex] aphid mummy of  Brachycaudus jacobi Stroyan"; 1 ♀ (RMNH), "[Germany:] German Dem. Rep., Museum Leiden", "NSG Wernsdorfer See (n[ea]r Berlin), 1.vii.1979, G.N. Wendt". </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species shares with  Paralipsis eikoae having the second-fourth segments of fore tarsus about as long as wide in dorsal view, the fore tarsus with medium-sized bristles apically (Figs 1, 8) and the hind tibia medially and femur subbasally parallel-sided (Figs 1, 2, 8). Differs by the shiny and smooth scutellum (Fig. 9), the brownish scutellum, the longer  third–fifth antennal segments (Fig. 12), the shiny and mainly smooth mesoscutum (Fig. 10), the slenderer middle and hind femora and tibiae, the hardly or not sculptured hind tibia (Fig. 8), the largely or entirely sclerotized vein 2-1A of fore wing (Figs 13-14) and the less slender first tergite (Figs 9, 11). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Parasitoid of root aphids belonging to the genera  Anoecia ,  Anuraphis ,  Aphis ,  Brachycaudus ,  Chromaphis ,  Dysaphis ,  Forda ,  Geocia and  Tetraneura (Yu et al. 2012) and associated with  Lasius ants.  Brachycaudus jacobi Stroyan is a new host. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Reported from Andorra, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK and Serbia (Yu et al. 2012). The reports from Spain, Portugal and Andorra may concern  Paralipsis tibiator sp. n. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/310A923350612AF1933B3CD74B98056F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	van Achterberg, Cornelis;Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti	van Achterberg, Cornelis, Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti (2016): Revision of the genus Paralipsis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new species. ZooKeys 606: 25-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656
90F7B5FAE558CB95F6AE031BEB72B763.text	90F7B5FAE558CB95F6AE031BEB72B763.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralipsis planus van Achterberg	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</p>
            <p> Paralipsis planus van Achterberg sp. n. Figs 16-20 </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), "Nederland: Wijster (Dr.), opposite Biol. Stat., 28.vii.-14.viii.1972, C. v. Achterberg".</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Similar to  Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834), but differs by the slenderer fore tarsus, the partly widened hind tibia and femur (Fig. 16) and the scapus distinctly widened dorsally in lateral view (vase-shaped: Fig. 17). Close to  Paralipsis tibiator sp. n., but  Paralipsis planus has the vertex and mesoscutum shiny and with sparse short pubescence between long setae, the first tergite flat and shiny, its maximum width at level of spiracles of ♀ 0.7 times distance between spiracle and apex of tergite (Fig. 19), the mesopleuron shiny, the apical antennal segments with long erect setae (Figs 17, 20), the fore basitarsus rather robust, the fifth antennal segment with few rhinaria and the hind basitarsus robust (Fig. 16). </p>
            <p>Holotype, ♀, length of fore wing 2.0 mm, and of body 2.1 mm.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Head. Head 1.6 times wider than long medially in dorsal view and roundly narrowed behind eyes; antenna with 15 (left) or 16 (right) segments and 0.9 times as long as body, segments long erect setae (Figs 17, 20), third segment dull and 1.1 times as long as fourth segment, thirdfourth segments without rhinaria and widened apically and fifth segments with few rhinaria, third, fourth and penultimate (= 14th) segments 2.2, 1.8 and 1.4 times as long as wide, respectively; maxillary and labial palpi with 2 and 1 segments, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.2 times height of head; distance between anterior tentorial pits 1.4 times distance between pit and eye; eye with rather long setae; face mainly smooth, convex ventrally and laterally rather sparsely setose, with setae directed downwards; clypeus distinctly convex and smooth, with few erect setae; frons nearly flat (except superficial impression in front of anterior ocellus), without median groove, shiny, punctulate and rather densely setose; vertex with sparse short pubescence between sparse long setae and temple roundly narrowed  posteriorly and shiny; eye 0.9 times as long as temple in dorsal view; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 12:3:11; stemmaticum distinctly wider posteriorly than laterally; length of malar space 1.7 times basal width of mandible, malar depression absent. </p>
            <p>Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3 times as long as high; pronotal side smooth and largely glabrous, with deep oblique groove and anteriorly short; mesopleuron mainly smooth, shiny, punctulate but superficially rugulose anteriorly and medially convex; pleural sulcus distinctly crenulate; metapleuron mainly rugose; mesoscutum with some micro-sculpture, posteriorly shiny and with dense short pubescence between long setae, but sparsely so posteriorly, antero-medially slightly depressed and with few striae; notauli absent on disc; scutellar sulcus very deep; scutellum strongly convex but slightly depressed antero-medially, posteriorly distinctly above level of mesoscutum, largely rugulose and with long setae; dorsal face of propodeum smooth and shiny, posterior face subvertical and indistinctly rugulose, without areolation and laterally with short setae.</p>
            <p>Wings. Fore wing: pterostigma straight baso-posteriorly (Fig. 18), but slightly concave in right wing; pterostigma twice as long as wide and vein 1-R1 largely absent; first subdiscal cell open posteriorly and apically (Fig. 18), but veins 2-1A and CU1b as faintly pigmented and unsclerotized veins present.</p>
            <p>Legs. Hind coxa mainly smooth, punctulate and setose; tarsal claws medium-sized and very slender; fore tarsal segments slender (secondfourth segments distinctly longer than wide in dorsal view), with long setae and with long apical bristles, but fore basitarsus rather robust; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.4, 6.1 and 4.8 times as long as wide, respectively; hind basitarsus robust (Fig. 16); hind femur subbasally and hind tibia medially widened (Fig. 16), both with erect setae; inner hind tibial spur 0.2 times as long as hind basitarsus.</p>
            <p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, flattened and shiny, its maximum width at level of spiracles of ♀ 0.7 times distance between spiracle and apex of tergite (Fig. 19), parallel-sided posteriorly, tergite 1.1 times long as wide apically; second tergite smooth and glabrous except some setae, third and following tergites smooth and only with a subapical row of long setae; length of visible (and sparsely setose) part of elliptical ovipositor sheath 0.05 times fore wing.</p>
            <p>Colour. Head (including clypeus), mesosoma (but notaulic courses and posterior part of mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum laterally and propodeum brown) and metasoma (but first tergite and second tergite basally brownish yellow) dark brown;, palpi, mandible, tegulae (but tegulum brown) and legs (but femora and tibiae brown and tarsi pale yellowish) brownish yellow; antenna brown, but pedicellus pale yellowish; ovipositor sheath pale brownish yellow, distinctly paler than tergites; pterostigma (but basally and apically pale yellowish) and veins mainly brown; wing membrane infuscate near vein 1-M of fore wing.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Netherlands.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Named "  planus " (Latin for "smooth, even") because of the smooth and even first metasomal tergite. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90F7B5FAE558CB95F6AE031BEB72B763	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	van Achterberg, Cornelis;Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti	van Achterberg, Cornelis, Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti (2016): Revision of the genus Paralipsis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new species. ZooKeys 606: 25-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656
3C9BE2FE1C378E099A4B4C5F8E2FA0FD.text	3C9BE2FE1C378E099A4B4C5F8E2FA0FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralipsis tibiator van Achterberg & Ortiz de Zugasti	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae </p>
            <p> Paralipsis tibiator van Achterberg &amp; Ortiz de Zugasti sp. n. Figs 21-27 </p>
            <p> Material . </p>
            <p> Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), "Spain: Madrid, Parque del Oeste, from  Lasius grandis nest, vii.2014, c. 600 m, N. Ortiz de Zugasti  Carrón , RMNH". Paratypes: 2 ♀ (RMNH), topotypic but 3.vii.2015. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Similar to  Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834), but differs by the slenderer fore tarsus (Fig. 21), the partly widened hind tibia and femur (Fig. 24) and the scapus distinctly widened dorsally in lateral view (vase-shaped: Fig. 21). Close to  Paralipsis planus sp. n., but  Paralipsis tibiator has the vertex and mesoscutum with satin sheen and with dense short pubescence between sparse long setae (Fig. 26), the first tergite more convex and less shiny, its maximum width at level of spiracles of ♀ 0.9 times distance between spiracle and apex of tergite (Fig. 27), the mesopleuron with satin sheen (Fig. 23), the apical antennal segments with adpressed setae (Fig. 21), the fore basitarsus slenderer (Fig. 21), the fifth antennal segment without distinct rhinaria and the hind basitarsus elongate (Fig. 24). </p>
            <p>Holotype, ♀, length of body 2.2 mm and of damaged fore wing 1.1 mm.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Head. Head 1.4 times wider than long medially in dorsal view and roundly narrowed behind eyes; antenna with 15 segments and as long as body, segments adpressed setose and setae rather short, third segment dull and 1.3 times as long as fourth segment, thirdfifth segments without rhinaria and widened apically, third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.2, 1.8 and 1.4 times as long as wide, respectively; maxillary and labial palp with 2 and 1 segments, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.2 times height of head; distance between anterior tentorial pits 1.2 times distance between pit and eye (Fig. 22); eye with long setae; face mainly smooth, convex ventrally and laterally rather densely moderately setose, with setae directed downwards; clypeus distinctly convex and smooth, with long erect setae (Fig. 21); frons convex, with shallow median groove, rather dull, punctulate and densely setose; vertex with dense short pubescence between sparse long setae and temple roundly narrowed posteriorly and with satin sheen; eye 0.9 times as long as temple in dorsal view; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 3:1:3; stemmaticum distinctly wider posteriorly than laterally (Fig. 26); length of malar space 1.9 times basal width of mandible, malar depression absent.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.2 times as long as high; pronotal side smooth and largely glabrous, anteriorly very short; mesopleuron mainly smooth, with satin sheen, punctulate and medially flattened; pleural sulcus mainly micro-crenulate; metapleuron with some micro-sculpture; mesoscutum with some micro-sculpture, with satin sheen and with dense short pubescence between sparse long setae, without medio-posterior groove; notauli absent on disc; scutellar sulcus very deep; scutellum strongly convex, far above level of mesoscutum (Fig. 23), largely smooth and setose; propodeum smooth and shiny, posterior face angled with dorsal face (Fig. 21), without areolation and laterally with few long setae.</p>
            <p> Wings . Fore wing: pterostigma concave baso-posteriorly (Fig. 25); pterostigma twice as long as wide and vein 1-R1 largely absent; first subdiscal cell open posteriorly and apically (Fig. 21), vein 2-1A absent. </p>
            <p>Legs. Hind coxa mainly smooth, punctulate and setose; tarsal claws medium-sized and very slender; fore tarsal segments slender (secondfourth segments distinctly longer than wide in dorsal view), with rather short setae and with long apical bristles (Fig. 21); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.6, 6.8 and 5.4 times as long as wide, respectively; hind femur subbasally and hind tibia medially widened (Fig. 24), both with erect setae; inner hind tibial spur 0.2 times as long as hind basitarsus.</p>
            <p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, rather convex and moderately shiny, its maximum width at level of spiracles of ♀ 0.9 times distance between spiracle and apex of tergite (Fig. 27), weakly diverging posteriorly, tergite 1.3 times as long as wide apically; second tergite smooth and setose, third and following tergites smooth and only with a subapical row of setae; length of visible (and sparsely setose) part of elliptical ovipositor sheath 0.05 times fore wing in paratype with complete wings.</p>
            <p>Colour. Head (but clypeus brown), metasoma (but first tergite basally, narrowly apically and second tergite basally yellow) and mesoscutum (except brown notaulic courses) dark brown; antenna, palpi, mandible, tegulae, legs (but femora and tibiae brown) and propodeum brownish yellow; ovipositor sheath mainly dark brown, slightly paler than tergites; pterostigma (but basally and apically yellowish) and veins dark brown; wing membrane infuscate near veins and pterostigma.</p>
            <p>Variation. Antenna of ♀ with 15 (3) segments; length of complete fore wing 1.8 mm and of body 2.2 mm; first tergite 1.3-1.5 times as long as wide apically; femora and tibiae brown or largely dark brown.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Endoparasitoid of the aphid  Forda formicaria (von Heyden, 1837) and a social parasite in nest of  Lasius (Lasius) grandis Forel, 1909. The ant is known from the Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb, Balearic Islands, Macaronesia and SE France (http://antmaps.org/?mode=species&amp;species=Lasius.grandis). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Spain.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Named "  tibiator " (  “tibia” is Latin for  “shinbone” ), because of the aberrant hind tibia. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C9BE2FE1C378E099A4B4C5F8E2FA0FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	van Achterberg, Cornelis;Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti	van Achterberg, Cornelis, Carron, Nilo F. Ortiz de Zugasti (2016): Revision of the genus Paralipsis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new species. ZooKeys 606: 25-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9656
