taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DE87CEFC70FFB2ACBFFAB1FBF672F5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, Victoria Beach, 8 males, 9. vii. & 25. vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 20 males, 10. vii. & 31, vii. 1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 1 male, 11. vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 1 male, 13. vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 3 males, 15. vii. 1969; Gull Harbor, 16 males, 16. vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 3 males, 28, vii. 1969; McBeth Harbor, 1 male, 30. vii. 1969; Beaver Point, 12 males, 30. vi. & 19. viii. 1971; 20 Mile Creek, 11 males, 26. viii. & 1. ix. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 34 males, 24. vi. – 8. ix. 1971; Calders Dock, 2 males, 5. viii. 1971; Hecla Island, 11 males, 27. vii. – 25. viii. 1971; Beaver Creek, 28 males from emergence traps, 4 reared from larvae, 8. vi – 8. viii. 1971; outer buoy of Red River, 2 males reared from larvae, 9. vii. 1969; east of Elk Island, 1 male reared from larva, 10. vii. 1969; 13 km southeast of Pearson Reef, l female reared from larva, 10. vii. 1969; north of outer buoy of Red River, 1 female reared from larva, 24. vii. 1969; South Basin, 86 larvae, 1 pupa, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; Narrows, 25 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; North Basin, 6 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969. There was considerable hypopygial variation; particularly in the gonostylus and in the expression of the inner projection of the gonostylus (Fig. 2 B, C). Although the projection is not described or illustrated in Roback (1971: 165, plate 33), it is persistently present in numerous specimens from Lake Winnipeg. However, since there are also a number of intermediate specimens, this projection is just regarded as part of the normal variation. The female lacks setae on anepisternum II, has 7 – 22 setae on segment X, curved lobe of gonapophysis VIII (Saether 1977 fig. 20 C), and about 2 – 6 sensilla chaetica on each ta 1 of p 2 and p 3. Pupa (n = 9) Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 A) 313 – 393, 344 µm long; 60 – 96, 76 µm wide; plastron plate diameter 52 – 96, 69 µm; apical constriction of horn chamber 26 – 52, 32 µm wide; length / width of horn 3.81 – 5.32, 4.58; width of plastron plate / width of horn 0.66 – 1.04, 0.88; width of plastron plate / width of constriction 1.73 – 2.55, 2.21. Abdomen. Anal lobe (Fig. 12 G) with 19 – 26, 23 well developed spines along outer margin. Fourth instar larva (n = 10, except when otherwise stated) Head capsule length 580 – 724, 650 µm (158) [470 – 540 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 13 A, F. Length of antennal segments 1 – 5 (µm): 145 – 163, 155; 14 – 24, 20; 4 – 6, 5.5, 2 – 4, 3; 1 – 2, 1.5. AR 4.16 – 5.43, 4.81 [4.4 – 5.4 in Roback (1980), 4.9 – 6.2 in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Basal antennal segment 28 – 32, 30 µm wide; 4.77 – 5.33, 5.13 times as long as wide; ring organ 0.74 – 0.81, 0.76 from base; blade 19 – 31, 25 µm; accessory blade 15 – 20, 18 µm long. Apical style of second segment 6 – 10, 8 µm long. Apex of labrum as in Fig. 13 H. Mandible 136 – 164, 147 µm long) [105 – 120 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)], 114 – 148 µm in Roback (1980)]. Maxilla (Fig. 14 A) with lamelles of galea and palpifer broad and apparently undivided; maxillary palp (Fig. 14 D) 36 – 44, 40 µm long; 17 – 18, 18 µm wide; 2.00 – 2.44, 2.23 times as long as wide. Length of basal antennal segment / length of palp 3.58 – 4.31, 3.88. Hypopharyngeal pecten (Fig. 13 K) with 6 – 9, 6.7 (13) teeth. Abdomen. Claws of posterior parapods with two relatively short and broad claws (Fig. 14 I)	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC70FFB2ACBFFAB1FBF672F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species is known from all over North America (Roback 1971: 165) and in all kinds of waters (Roback 1971: 165, 1974: 358; Oliver et al. 1990: 15; Spies 1999; Epler 2003, 2010; Caldwell 2009). In Lake Winnipeg the species is less common than the four other dominant species of Procladius (Fig. 1). The species is much more common in the South Basin and the Narrows than in the north (Fig. 1). Adults were caught from early June to late September (Fig. 3) indicating two or more generations a year.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC76FFB6ACBFF9D2FEE27794.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, 2 km off Selkirk (Horse) Island, 2 males, 4. vi. 1969; 4 km off Grand Rapids, 1 male, 8. vi. 1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 21 males, 11 – 12. vi. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 1 male, 13. vi. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin point) Long Point, 1 male, 15. vi. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 20 males, 15. vi. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 41 males, 24. vi. 1969; 3 km off George Island, 6 males, 27. vi. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 14 males, 28. vi. 1969; 5 km off Selkirk (Horse) Island, 2 males, 29. vi. 1969; McBeth Harbor, 4 males, 30. vi. 1969; Mukutawa River Buoy, 1 male, 3. ix. 1969; Beaver Point, 7 males, 9. vi. 1971; 20 Mile Creek, 5 males, 26. viii. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 20 males, 5. & 27. viii. 1971; reared from pupa: north of outer buoy of Red River, 1 male, 4. vi. 1969; 13 km SW Bigstone Point, 1 male, 11. vi. 1969; 26 km east north-east of Grand Rapids, 1 male, 13. vi. 1969; north-northeast of Reindeer Island, 1 female, 15. vi. 1969; 13 km southeast of Bigstone Point, 1 male, 3. ix. 1969; outer buoy of Red River, 1 male, 17. iii. 1970; off Grand Marais Point, 1 male, 17. iii. 1970; South Basin, 396 larvae, 1 pupa, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; Narrows, 152 larvae, 1 pupa, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; North Basin, 182 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969. The males of the Lake Winnipeg population (Fig. 4) conform well to the description given by Roback (1971: 177). The only exception is one male with the indication of an anal point (Fig 4 D). This may only be a deformity possibly caused by mermithid infection or it may indicate that an additional species close to P. culiciformis is present. The female has 6 – 8 setae on anepisternum II, segment X with 20 – 30 setae, and 3 – 8 sensilla chaetica on each ta 1 of p 2 and p 3. Pupa (n = 10) Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 C) 350 – 515, 430 µm long [518 – 547 µm in Roback (1980)]; 103 – 160, 119 µm wide; plastron plate diameter 62 – 104, 94 µm; apical constriction of horn chamber 24 – 65, 42 µm wide; length / width of horn 3.22 – 3.96, 3.64; width of plastron plate / width of horn 0.61 – 0.76, 0.67 [0.50 – 0.57 in Roback (1980)]; width of plastron plate / width of constriction 1.88 – 3.08, 2.15. Abdomen. Anal lobe (Fig. 12 I) with 42 – 62, 50 spines on outer margin and 7 – 12, 10 spines on inner margin; dense row of relatively short spines posterolaterally. Fourth instar larva (n = 10, except when otherwise stated) Head capsule length 650 – 810, 757 µm (622) [580 – 680 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 13 C. Lengths of antennal segments 1 – 5 (µm): 155 – 176, 167; 16 – 21, 19; 4 – 7, 5; 2; 2. AR 5.17 – 6.84, 6.00 [4.2 – 6.0 in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Basal antennal segment 31 – 38, 36 µm wide; 4.31 – 5.15, 4.69 times as long as wide; ring organ 0.67 – 0.78, 0.73 from base; blade 23 – 31,26 µm long; accessory blade 18 – 26, 22 µm long. Apical style of second segment 6 – 10, 8 µm long. Mandible 162 – 178, 168 µm long [115 – 150 µm in Moore & Moore (1978), 192 µm in Roback (1980)]. Maxilla (Fig. 14 B) with lamelles of palpifer divided ending in triangular lamelles broadest at apex; lamelles of galea apparently undivided or perhaps with some divided. Maxillary palp (Fig. 14 F) 38 – 48, 42 µm long; 13 – 16, 14 µm wide; 1.90 – 2.33, 2.24 times as long as wide. Length of basal antennal segment / length of palp 3.60 – 4.40, 3.98. Hypopharyngeal pecten with 10 – 14, 11 teeth. Abdomen. Claws of posterior parapods (Fig. 14 K) all relatively long and slender.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC76FFB6ACBFF9D2FEE27794.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The anal lobe of the pupa differ from that illustrated by Roback (1980, fig. 178) by having several small spines on the inner margin. However, the inner margin is curved in the same way and Roback had few associated immatures. The immatures from Lake Lacawac, Pennsylvania, are larger than the Lake Winnipeg population, while those from the Great Slave Lake described by Moore & Moore (1978) are generally smaller.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC76FFB6ACBFF9D2FEE27794.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species was previously known from all over the Palaearctic Region except for North Africa, from the Near East, and in North America from Northwest Territories, British Columbia and Ontario to Kansas and Florida, California, Nevada and Arizona (Oliver et al. 1990: 15, Spies 1999, Saether & Spies 2004). The species is primarily a northern lake form. The distribution in Lake Winnipeg is shown in Fig. 1, the emergence pattern in Fig. 5.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC75FFB8ACBFFCA4FF6C7287.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, 0.5 km off George Island, 203 males, 11 & 12. vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 24 males, 13. vii. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin point) Long Point, 73 males, 14. vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 14 males, 15. vii. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 8 males, 24. vii. 1969; 3 km off George Island, 320 males, 27. vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 2 males, 28. vii. 1969; McBeth Harbor, 59 males, 30. vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 1 male, 31. vii. 1969; Hnausa Government Wharf, 1 male, 8. ix. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 4 males, 9. ix. 1969; Old Fishing Dock, 2 males, 16. vi. & 21. vii. 1969; emergence traps: Beaver Creek, 5 males, 9. vi. – 14. vii. 1971; rearings: 10 km east southeast of Pearson Reef, 1 male, 5. vi. 1969; 24 km south-southeast of Long Point, 1 male, 10. vi. 1969; east-southeast of outer buoy Red River, 1 male, 9. vi. 1969; Saskatchewan River Buoy, 1 male, 13. vii. 1969; 35 km east-northeast of Sturgeon, 1 female, 14. vii. 1969; Outer buoy of Red River, 1 female, 17. iii. 1970; north of outer buoy Red River, 1 male, 17. iii. 1970; 12 km east-northeast of Winnipeg Beach, 1 male, 17. iii. 1969; South Basin, 148 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; Narrows, 54 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; North Basin, 226 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969. The males all conform to the description given by Roback (1971: 189). The gonostylus (Fig. 6 B, C) varies between resembling mostly the Minnesota population (Roback 1971, fig. 370) and resembling the Québec population (Roback 1971, fig. 372). The females have 0 – 5 setae on anepisternum II, segment X with about 56 – 58 setae, and 9 – 14 sensilla chaetica proximally on each ta 1 of p 2 and p 3. Pupa (n = 10) Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 E) 393 – 577, 469 µm long; 120 – 188, 146 µm wide; atrial wall of thoracic horn with reticulate pattern; plastron plate diameter 90 – 188, 135 µm; apical constriction of horn chamber 42 – 94, 70 µm wide; length / width of horn 2.60 – 13.73, 13.26; width of plastron plate / width of horn 0.71 – 1.03, 0.90; width of plastron plate / width of constriction 1.64 – 2.14, 1.95. Abdomen. Spinules on T IV relatively large, not grouped (Fig. 12 M). Anal lobe (Fig. 12 K) with 24 – 32, 28 spines on outer margin; sparse row of long spines posterolaterally; spines at apex either on distinct protuberance or enlarged. Fourth instar larva (n = 10, except when otherwise stated) Head capsule length 860 – 1060, 949 µm (356) [790 – 1050 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Head. Antennal apex as in Fig. 13 D. Lengths of antennal segments 1 – 5 (µm): 194 – 220, 211; 24 – 27, 25; 7 – 10, 8; 3 – 4, 4; 2 – 3, 2. AR 5.11 – 6.11, 5.60) [5.4 – 7.5 in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Basal antennal segment 32 – 41, 39 µm wide; 5.10 – 6.44, 5.50 times as long as wide; ring organ 0.66 – 0.80, 0.73 from base; blade 34 – 42, 38 µm; accessory blade 26 – 30, 29 µm long. Apical style of second segment 6 – 9, 8 µm long. Mandible 200 – 232, 217 µm long [175 – 225 µm in Moore & Moore (1978), 167 – 200 µm in Roback (1980)]. Maxilla (Fig. 14 C) with lamelles of palpifer and some lamelles of galea divided. Maxillary palp (Fig. 14 G) 55 – 74, 62 µm long; 19 – 23, 21 µm wide; 2.70 – 3.52, 2.96 times as long as wide. Length of basal antennal segment / length of palp 2.92 – 3.93, 3.40. Hypopharyngeal pecten with 11 – 13, 13 teeth. Abdomen. Claws of posterior parapods (Fig. 14 L) all relatively long and slender.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC75FFB8ACBFFCA4FF6C7287.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species was previously known from Sweden (?, Roback 1971: 189), and is widespread Nearctic (Oliver et al. 1990: 15, Spies 1999, Caldwell 2009). Procladius signatus (Zetterstedt), which according to Roback (1971: 189) may be a senior synonym is present in Northern Europe and on the New Siberian Islands. The pupa as illustrated by Langton (1991 plate 7 f) is very similar to pupa described here. The species apparently is a northern lake form. The distribution in Lake Winnipeg is shown in Fig. 1, the emergence pattern in Fig. 7.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC78FFBBACBFFF11FA82725B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, Victoria Beach, 10 males, 9. vii. & 25. vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 20 males, 2 females, 10. vii. 1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 5 males, 11. vii. 1969; 3 km off Grand Rapids, 61 males, 13. vii. 1969; 10 km off Long Point (Sturgeonskin Point), 1 male, 14. vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 2 males, 15. vii. 1969; Gull Harbor, 8 males, 16. vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 374 males, 28. vii. 1969; 5 km off Selkirk (Horse) Island, 4 males, 29. vii. 1969; Mukutawa River Buoy, 2 males, 3. x. 1969; McBeth Harbor, 1 male, 30. vii. 1969; Beaver Point, 45 males, 30. vi. – 19. viii. 1969; 20 Mile Creek, 17 males, 26. viii. & 1. ix. 1969; Old Fishing Dock, 66 males, 11. & 18. viii. 1969; Calders Dock, 7 males, 5. – 31. viii. 1969; Hecla Island, 44 males, 24. – 25. viii. 1969; Beaver Creek, emergence trap, 2 males, 19. vii. 1969; off Ironwood Point, 1 male reared from larva, 25. vii. 1969; South Basin, 260 larvae, 4. vi. – 31. x. 1969; Narrows, 182 larvae, 4. vi. – 31. x. 1969; North Basin, 261 larvae, 2 pupae, 4. vi. – 31. x. 1969. The gonostylus of the Lake Winnipeg specimens (Fig. 8 C) appear to be most similar to the Saskatchewan and Wisconsin specimens illustrated by Roback (1971 figs. 280 – 281). Also the male scutum (Fig. 8 B) appears to be close to the Wisconsin population (Roback 1971 fig. 295). The tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump appear in Fig. 8 A. The female lacks setae on anepisternum II, has about 25 setae on segment X and about 9 – 14 sensilla chaetica proximally on each ta 1 of p 2 and p 3. Pupa (n = 3) Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 B) 380 – 442 µm long, 120 – 128 µm wide, plastron plate diameter 72 – 132 µm, apical constriction of horn chamber 32 – 66 µm wide, length / width of thoracic horn 2.97 – 3.63, width of thoracic plastron plate / width of horn 0.59 – 1.10, width of plastron plate / width of constriction 1.94 – 2.25. Abdomen. Anal lobe (Fig. 12 H) with 32 – 37 spines along outer margin, medium length spines in relatively sparse row posterolaterally. Fourth instar larva (n = 10, except when otherwise stated) Head capsule length 570 – 760, 680 µm (600) [660 – 780 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 13 B. Length of antennal segments (in µm): 152 – 134, 172; 19 – 22, 21; 6 – 8, 7; 2; 2. AR 4.69 – 6.30, 5.56 [4.00 – 6.25 in Roback (1980), 5.4 – 6.3 in Moore & Moore (1978)]. Basal antennal segment 34 – 38, 36 µm wide; 4.22 – 5.11, 4.79 times as long as wide; ring organ 0.71 – 0.78, 0.75 from base; blade 24 – 33, 26 µm; accessory blade 18 – 26, 23 µm long. Apical style of second segment 5 – 8, 7 µm long. Apex of labrum as in Fig. 13 I. Mandible 120 – 138, 132 µm long [140 – 150 µm in Moore & Moore (1978)], 151 – 200 µm in Roback (1980)]. Maxilla about as in P. culiciformis (Fig. 14 B); palp (Fig. 14 E) 44 – 52, 48 µm long; 18 – 20, 19 µm wide; 2.32 – 2.78, 2.50 times as long as wide; 2 - segmented sensilla basiconica (SBP) shorter than bisensillum (Bs), its basal segment shorter than its apical segment. Length of basal antennal segment / length of palp 3.04 – 4.05, 3.58. Hypopharyngeal pecten with 11 – 13, 11.6 (16) teeth. Abdomen. Claws of posterior parapods about as in P. culiciformis (Fig. 14 K).	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC78FFBBACBFFF11FA82725B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species including its varieties is known from all over U. S. A. and Canada (Oliver et al. 1990: 15; Spies 1999; Epler 2003, 2010; Caldwell 2009). In addition to the records by Roback (1971: 171) specimens have been found from Harding Lake, Alaska, Marion Lake, British Columbia and South Indian Lake, Man. The species appears to be primarily a lake species perhaps most common in moderately eutrophic to oligotrophic lakes. The distribution in Lake Winnipeg is shown in Fig. 1, the emergence pattern in Fig. 9.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC78FFBAACBFF8D2FD2672B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, 2 km off Selkirk (Horse) Island, light trap, 1 female, 7. vi. 1969; Matheson Island to Gimli Government Wharf, 6 males, 24. vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 3 males, 28. vii. 1969. The gonostylus ratio (Fig. 8 E) of the males from Lake Winnipeg is 1.59 – 2.05, 1.91 (4) and thus an extension of Roback’s measurement for Procladius gretis Roback (1.58 – 1.70). In all other details, however, the males conform to P. paragretis. The female probably belonging to P. paragretis has about 15 setae on anepisternum II, about 34 setae on segment X, and about is 10 – 14 sensilla chaetica on each ta t of p 2 and p 3. The genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 10 D.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC78FFBAACBFF8D2FD2672B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Roback (1971: 1.85) records the holotype and allotype from Greenland. The specimens from the northwestern parts of Lake Winnipeg and a female from Feniak Lake, Notak River Basin, Alaska (8 / 7 / 73, D. Huggins), are the only other records.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC7EFFA3ACBFF8A9FF6E743F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, male, CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, Gull Harbor, 16. vi. 1969, P. S. S. Chang (CNC). Paratypes: Old Fishing Dock, light trap, 3 males, 14. vii. 1971, E. Johnson, M. Roberts & S. Flam (ZMBN, FWI); Old Fishing Dock, light trap, 2 males, 5. viii. 1971, N. Hooper & E. Johnson (ZMBN, FWI); Beaver Creek, emergence trap, 1 male, 29. vi. 1971, E. Johnson, M. Roberts & S. Flam (FWI, ZMBN). Other material: Beaver Creek, female reared from pupa, 8. vi. 1971, M. P McLean et al. (FWI). Diagnostic characters. The male imago is characterized by the rugulose median dorsal surface of the gonocoxite. In other details it closely resembles P. culiciformis. The presumed female has about 3 setae on anepisternum, about 4 – 5 sensilla chaetica on each ta 1 of p 2 and p 3, and about 40 setae on segment X. The presumed pupal exuviae has dark brownish tergites; plastron plate about 1.3 times as wide as apical constriction of horn chamber; thoracic horn about 0.53 mm long; and anal lobe with about 40 spines on outer margin, none on inner margin, and apical spines enlarged, but not set off from remaining spines.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC7EFFA3ACBFF8A9FF6E743F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, rugulosus, full of wrinkles, referring to the rugulose median dorsal surface of the gonocoxite	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC7EFFA3ACBFF8A9FF6E743F.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 5, except when otherwise stated) Total length 3.21 – 3.82, 3.44 mm. Wing length 1.77 – 1.94, 1.81 mm. Total length / wing length 1.82 – 1.97, 1.90. Wing length / length of profemur 2.50 – 2.65, 2.59. Head. AR 1.55 – 1.71, 1.64. Temporals 20 – 29, 23. Clypeus with 19 – 22, 21 setae. Cibarial pump, tentorium, and stipes as in Fig. 10 A. Tentorium 184 – 194, 189 µm long. Stipes 150 – 185 µm long. Palpomere lengths 1 – 5 (µm): 33 – 47, 42; 55 – 74, 67; 80 – 99, 92; 105 – 132, 124; 179 – 215, 203 (4). Thorax. Antepronotum with 11 – 18, 16 setae. Dorsocentrals 22 – 26, 24; acrostichals 35 – 40 (2): prealars 11 – 16, 14; prescutellars 6 – 9, 7; supraalar 1. Scutellum with 18 – 28, 23 setae. Wing. VR 1.48 – 1.62, 1.53. Brachiolum with 2 setae; R with 13 – 18, 17 setae; R 1 with 13 – 17, 15 setae; R 4 + 5 with 19 – 33, 25 setae. Squama with 30 – 45, 37 setae. Extended part of costa 105 – 132, 112 µm long. Legs (n = 3 – 5). Spur of front tibia 47 – 54, 51 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 41 – 51, 46 µm and 32 – 46, 38 µm long, of hind tibia 53 – 65, 60 µm and 34 – 43, 37 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 47 – 54, 51 µm; of middle tibia 50 – 58, 54 µm; of hind tibia 61 – 72, 64 µm. Comb with 11 – 15, 12 setae; shortest seta 29 – 35, 32 µm long; longest 48 – 58, 54 µm. Sensilla chaetica absent. One tarsal pseudospur present on each ta 1 and on ta 2 of p 2 and p 3; pseudospurs 23 – 34, 29 µm long. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1. TABLE. 1. Procladius (Holotanypus) rugulosus sp. n., male. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 p 1 672 – 755, 699 899 – 992, 926 598 – 694, 627 280 – 340, 303 213 – 258,230 147 – 177,158 p 2 773 – 891, 807 815 – 925, 852 476 – 544, 507 230 – 270, 247 177 – 211,191 117 – 140,126 p 3 672 – 756,702 941 – 1.057,993 619 – 680, 644 290 – 340, 318 210 – 250, 233 133 – 150,145 continued. ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 95 – 113,106 0.66 – 0.70, 0.68 2.78 – 2.94,2.84 2.52 – 2.70,2.65 2.2 – 2.3, 2.2 p 2 100 – 117,106 0.58 – 0.60, 0.59 3.20 – 3.40, 3.26 3.22 – 3.34, 3.31 2.2 – 2.8, 2.4 p 3 109 – 115,112 0.63 – 0.67, 0.65 2.75 – 3.10, 2.90 2.58 – 2.69, 2.63 2.7 – 3.4, 3.1 Hypopygium (Fig. 10 B). Tergites IX with 15 – 24, 20 setae. Transverse sternapodeme 167 – 201, 190 µm long. Phallapodeme 110 – 127, 117 µm long. Strut ratio 2.22 – 2.69, 2.55 (4). Gonocoxite 203 – 223, 210 µm long, with 30 – 38, 34 undulate wrinkles; gonostylus 89 – 108, 97 µm long; gonostylus ratio 2.81 – 3.36, 3.05. HR 2.06 – 2.27, 2.17; HV 3.49 – 3.73, 3.54. Female imago (n = 1, tentatively associated) Total length 4.49 mm. Wing length 2.81 mm. Total length / wing length 1.60. Wing length / length of profemur 2.20. Head. AR 0.44. 12 flagellomeres, lengths of last 4 flagellomeres (µm): 29, 30, 31, 140. Temporals 75. Clypeus with 37 setae. Tentorium 216 µm long. Stipes 243 µm long. Palpomere lengths 1 – 5 (µm): 60, 100, 137, 200, 296. Thorax. Antepronotum with 21 setae. Dorsocentrals 51, prealars 9, acrostichals 54, prescutellars 10, supraalar 1, anepisternum II with 3 setae. Scutellum with 31 setae. Wing. VR 1.36. Brachiolum with 6 setae, R with 86 setae, R 1 with 114 setae, R 2 + 3 with 38 setae, R 2 with 16 setae, R 3 with 32 setae, R 4 + 5 with 135 setae. Squama with 69 setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 87 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 77 µm and 63 µm, of hind tibia 93 µm and 60 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 67 µm, of middle tibia 63 µm, of hind tibia 88 µm. Comb with 12 setae, 40 – 83 µm long. sensilla chaetica 4 – 5 at base of ta t of p 2 and p 3. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 1277 1412 1025 462 350 224 176 0.73 3.06 2.62 2.1 p 2 1059 1395 857 408 299 187 173 0.61 3.10 2.86 - p 3 1143 1547 1109 537 381 220 206 0.72 2.83 2.43 2.4 Genitalia (Fig. 10 C). Cercus 87 µm long. Seminal capsule 140 µm long, sclerotized in oral 83 µm, 113 µm wide. Notum 303 µm long. Segment X with about 40 setae. Pupa (n = 1, tentatively associated) Length 6.52 mm. Coloration of exuviae dark brownish with blackish brown anterior and posterior lines on tergites and sternites and paler lateral margins. Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 D) 534 µm long, 165 µm wide, 3.24 times as long as wide. Plastron plate 121 µm wide, 0.73 times as wide as thoracic horn, 1.26 times as wide as the 96 µm wide apical constriction of horn chamber. Abdomen. Anal lobe (Fig. 12 J) similar to P. denticulatus with 38 spines on outer margin, median 2 – 3 spines enlarged.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC7EFFA3ACBFF8A9FF6E743F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The female reared from pupa is not definitely associated with the male. However, the chaetotaxy of the female shows that it cannot belong to any of the other species known from the lake and it is reared from the same locality as one of the male paratypes. The species appear to be closely related to P. culiciformis.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC7EFFA3ACBFF8A9FF6E743F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species has been found only in the shallow parts of the Narrows of Lake Winnipeg. However, if the larvae are inseparable from one of the other more common species the distribution could be wider.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC61FFA5ACBFFBB2FADB764F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CANADA: Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, light traps: Victoria Beach, 4 males, 9. & 25. vii. 1969; Pine Dock, 22 males, 10. vii., 31. vii. & 2. ix. 1969; 0.5 km off George Island, 1 male, 12. vii. 1969; 10 km off (Sturgeonskin point) Long Point, 7 males, 14. vii. 1969; 3 km off McCreary Island, 12 males, 15. vii. 1969; Gull Harbor, 2 males, 16. vii. 1969; Grand Rapids Government Wharf, 6 males, 28. vii. 1969; 5 km off Selkirk (Horse) Island, 1 male, 29. vii. 1969; McBeth Harbor, 1 male, 7. ix. 1969; Gimli Government Wharf, 5 males, 9. ix. 1969; Beaver Point, 2 males, 30. vi. & 6. viii. 1971; 20 Mile Creek, 14 males, 26. viii. & 1. ix. 1971; Old Fishing Dock, 8 males, 29. vi., 18. viii. & 8. ix. 1971; Calder's Dock, 1 male, 31. viii. 1971; Hecla Island, 15 males, 25. viii. 1971; emergence traps: Beaver Creek, 23 males, 3. vi. – 28. vii. 1971; rearings: north of outer buoy Red River, 1 male, 4. vi. 1969; eastsoutheast of outer buoy Red River, 1 male, 1 female, 9. vii. 1969; north of outer buoy Red River, 2 males, 9. vii. 1969; 13 km southwest of Bigstone Point, 1 male, 11. vii. 1969; Saskatchewan River Buoy, 1 male, 14. vii. 1969; 10 km east-southeast of Pearson Reef, 1 male, 26. vii. 1969; Pigeon Bay, 1 male, 27. vii. 1969; east of Selkirk Island, 1 male, 4. ix. 1969; 1 km west of Elk Island, 1 male, 4. x. 1969; South Basin, 379 larvae, female reared from larva, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; Narrows, 105 larvae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969; North Basin, 226 larvae, 2 pupae, 4. vi – 31. x. 1969. The male gonostylus (Fig. 6 G) appear to be closest to the Pt. Pelee, Ontario, population figured by Roback (1971 fig. 376, 379) with some specimens falling in P. sublettei var. grandis. As indicated by Roback (1971: 193) the typical form and the variety may only represent different generations. The female have no setae on anepisternum II, about 16 – 18 setae on segment X, and about 3 – 10 sensilla chaetica on ta 1 of p 2 and p 3. Pupa (n = 6) Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 12 F) 380 – 491, 433 µm long; 112 – 170, 143 µm wide, atrial wall of thoracic horn with reticulate pattern. Plastron plate diameter 90 – 144, 114 µm; apical constriction of horn chamber 46 – 81, 63 µm wide length / width of horn 2.67 – 3.39, 3.10; width of plastron plate / width of horn 0.66 – 1.03, 0.78; width of plastron plate / width of constriction 1.38 – 2.57, 1.87. Abdomen. Spinules on T IV small, grouped (Fig. 12 N). Anal lobe (Fig. 12 L) with 36 – 40, 38 spines on outer margin, densely grouped posterolaterally, usually one at apex of inner margin, and apical spines relatively small and set off from remaining spines. Fourth instar larva (n = 10, except when otherwise stated) Head capsule length 720 – 908, 812 µm (672). Head. Antenna as in Fig. 13 E, G. Lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 165 – 205, 190; 18 – 24, 21; 6 – 8, 7; 2 – 3, 3; 1 – 2, 2. AR 5.50 – 6.85, 6.14) [4.44 – 5.50 in Roback (1980)]. Basal antennal segment 32 – 42, 38 µm wide; 4.46 – 5.56, 4.97 times as long as wide; ring organ 0.65 – 0.79, 0.72 from base; blade 24 – 33, 29 µm; accessory blade 20 – 26, 22 µm long. Apical style of second segment 6 – 8, 7 µm long. Apex of labrum as in Fig. 13 J. Mandible 174 – 202, 191 µm long [148 – 185 µm in Roback (1980)]. Maxilla about as in P. denticulatus (Fig. 14 C). Maxillary palp (Fig. 14 H) 46 – 58, 48 µm long; 17 – 21, 19 µm wide; 2.35 – 2.71, 2.51 times as long as wide. Length of basal antennal segment / length of palp 3.37 – 4.46, 3.96. Hypopharyngeal pecten (Fig. 13 M) with 13 – 14, 13 teeth. Abdomen. Claws of posterior parapods all relatively long and slender.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
03DE87CEFC61FFA5ACBFFBB2FADB764F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species, when including the varieties, is known from all over USA and Canada (Roback 1971: 192 – 195; Oliver et al. 1990: 15; Spies 1999; Epler 2003, 2010; Caldwell 2009). It is, however, more common in southern parts. The distribution in Lake Winnipeg is shown in Fig. 1, the emergence pattern in Fig. 11.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2010): Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 2726: 34-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200030
