identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DE879D1C17337546B2C74AA0186A03.text	03DE879D1C17337546B2C74AA0186A03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turritopsis sp. McCrady 1857	<div><p>Turritopsis sp.</p><p>(Fig. 2A)</p><p>? Turritopsis nutricula: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 17–18; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 26, fig. 3e (not Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857).</p><p>? Turritopsis cf nutricula: Vervoort, 2006: 212–213, fig. 6 no.3.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, without gonophores .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR05, 18º08´43”N, 16º35´42”W, 421 m, 8-XII-2009: one colony, without gonophores .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR07, 18º35´40”N, 16º43´12”W, 460 m, 12-XII-2009: one colony, without gonophores .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20: 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony, without gonophores .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–1, ROV, 20°14.840’– 20°14.575’N, 17°40.193’– 17°40.071’W, 487–642 m, 3-XI- 2010: two colonies attached to Halecium beanii, without gonophores .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on algae and invertebrates, such as bryozoans, hydrozoans and polychaete tubes (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006, both as Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857). Gonophores has been observed in March by Vervoort (2006).</p><p>In our material Turritopsis sp. has always been associated with cold-water coral mounds, nevertheless some colonies were also found growing on the hydroid H. beanii . Gonophores were not found.</p><p>Distribution. Turritopsis sp. was collected in several localities stretching from Banc d’Arguin in the north to the Senegalese border in the south, between 405 and 642 m depth. The material reported as Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857 (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) and Turritopsis cf nutricula (Vervoort 2006) was collected from Alboran Sea, Atlantic coast of Morocco and South of Madeira from 0 to 580 m depth.</p><p>Remarks. The material studied by us included only small monosiphonic colonies with greatly damaged or without hydranths. The colony structure matched that of Turritopsis nutricula described by Ramil and Vervoort (1992) from the Strait of Gibraltar region: lateral branches running parallel for some distance before curving away from the main axis and a strong perisarc composed of two sheaths, the smooth external sheath and the internal wrinkled sheath (fig. 2A). The nematocysts are microbasic euryteles (7–7.5 × 4–5 μm) and desmonemes (3.5–5 x 3–3.5 μm). Turritopsis nutricula was traditionally considered as an almost cosmopolitan or circumglobal species (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Schuchert 1996; Vervoort 2006). Nevertheless, Schuchert (2004) indicated that T. nutricula is an American species only known in the West Atlantic. He also interpreted Turritopsis polycirrha (Keferstein, 1862) from the Northeast Atlantic, Turritopsis dohrnii (Weismann, 1883) from the Mediterranean and Turritopsis rubra (Farquhar, 1895) from New Zealand as valid species, which were confirmed using molecular studies (Miglietta et al. 2007).</p><p>The records of T. nutricula off Cape Spartel on the Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Strait proper and the southern part of the Alboran Sea (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992) were included by Schuchert (2004) and Miglietta et al. (2007) within T. dohrnii . However, molecular studies identified a putative second species of Turritopsis in the Mediterranean that was quite different from T. dohrnii and T. nutricula (Miglietta et al. 2007) . Because of the proximity of the collecting station (Almería, southern Spain) to the Strait of Gibraltar, the authors hypothesized that it may represent T. polycirrha, the only known Turritopsis species from the Northeast Atlantic. The same argument can be applied to the records of Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992).</p><p>The nematocysts in our colonies were slightly smaller and the microbasic euryteles clearly wider than those reported by Martell et al. (2016) for T. dohrnii; this, together different geographical and bathymetrical distributions confirm that they are different species, with T. dohrnii restricted to the Mediterranean Sea (Schuchert 2004; Martell et al. 2016). The polyp phase of T. polycirrha is not well known (Schuchert 2004, 2012) and the nematocysts, described only in the medusa (Russell 1953; Schuchert 2004), are bigger than those found in the colonies of Turritopsis sp. In addition, differences in bathymetric and geographical distributions— T. polycirrha seems to be a shallow-water boreal species only known in the North Sea, England and Normandy (Vervoort &amp; Faasse 2009; Schuchert 2012), but never reported from the Lusitanian Province—argue that the Northwest African Turritopsis could represent a different species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C17337546B2C74AA0186A03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C16337546B2C676A0B26E8C.text	03DE879D1C16337546B2C676A0B26E8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bimeria vestita Wright 1859	<div><p>Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859</p><p>Bimeria vestita: Vervoort, 1992: 14–15; Calder, 1988: 21–23, figs 17–18; Marques et al., 2000: 322–324, figs. 1–3; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 2006: 196–197, fig. 5 no. 2; Schuchert, 2007: 247–250, fig. 20; Schuchert, 2012: 216–217, fig. 205.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20: 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony, attached to Plumularia filicula, no gonophores .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16- XI-2010: eight colonies without gonophores, two colonies attached to Lophelia pertusa, three colonies attached to Sertularella gayi, one colony attached to Acesta excavata (Fabricius, 1779), one colony attached to cirripedia.</p><p>Biology. Bimeria vestita usually grows on other hydroids and on pebbles, algae, sponges, bryozoans, tubes of sabellids and gastropod shells (Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1999; Schuchert 2012). Colonies with gonophores were found in the early summer in the Northeast Atlantic (Schuchert 2012), from October to February in the Mediterranean (Boero &amp; Fresi 1986), August to September in the Northwest Atlantic (Calder 1988) and spring to autumn in the Southwest Atlantic (Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1999).</p><p>The colonies studied by us were found growing on L. pertusa, A. excavata, cirripeds and the hydroids P. filicula and S. gayi .</p><p>Distribution. This species has a circumglobal distribution without any records in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970), West Sahara (Leloup 1937), Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Senegal (Picard 1951), Cape Verde Archipelago (Vervoort 2006) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Schuchert 2012) to 405 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 574 m, representing the deepest record for this species.</p><p>Remarks. The colonies showed a firm perisarc covering the stem and branches of the colonies that extends as a soft pseudohydrotheca over the hydranths, including the bases of the tentacles; all these characteristics are distinctive of B. vestita (Calder 1988; Schuchert 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C16337546B2C676A0B26E8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C16337A46B2C225A14669CB.text	03DE879D1C16337A46B2C225A14669CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garveia nutans Wright 1859	<div><p>Garveia nutans Wright, 1859</p><p>Garveia nutans: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 15–16; Schuchert, 2007: 251-253, fig, 21; Schuchert, 2012: 222–223, fig. 208.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’–18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W,</p><p>484–640 m, 12-XI-2010: two colonies with gonophores, one colony attached to Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 and another one to Acesta excavata .</p><p>Biology. Garveia nutans is frequently found growing on stones, algae, hydroids and other hard substrata in areas with strong tidal currents (Schuchert 2007). Fertile colonies have been found between February and December (Schuchert 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our colonies were found with gonophores in November.</p><p>Distribution. This species has a worldwide distribution in boreal and temperate seas (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Bouillon et al. 2006). In West Africa, G. nutans was only collected from Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetric range stretches from 0 (Schuchert 2007, 2012) to 1339 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 484 to 640 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C16337A46B2C225A14669CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C19337A46B2C7BFA6C36ECA.text	03DE879D1C19337A46B2C7BFA6C36ECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Eudendrium ramosum: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 20–21; Schuchert, 2001: 32–33, fig. 20; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 37–38, fig. 7a–c; Bouillon et al., 2006: 60–61, figs 36H–L; Vervoort, 2006: 215–216, fig. 4 no. 2; Schuchert, 2012: 322–323, fig. 281.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MU DR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: 25 colonies, badly damaged, some attached to other hydroids and bryozoans .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MU DR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: two colonies badly damaged, one colony attached to a sponge and the other attached to Sertularella gayi .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, BG, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: two colonies without gonozooids, attached to corals .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12-XI- 2010: one colony 17 mm high with female gonophores, growing on Acesta excavata .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14905–1, CKG, 17°32.457’N, 16°39.997’W, 486 m, 15-XI-2010: one colony, without gonozooids .</p><p>Biology. This species grows on a wide variety of substrates, especially on hard substrata, algae and as epibiont on other invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Fertile material has been found from March to December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Schuchert 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>In our material, some colonies were collected growing on the bivalve A. excavata and the hydroid S. gayi . Female gonophores were observed in November.</p><p>Distribution. Eudendrium ramosum was reported as a cosmopolitan species by Bouillon et al. (2006), but many of its records are considered doubtful (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Marques et al. 2000; Schuchert 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Schuchert (2012) indicated that all records outside the East Atlantic (Arctic to South Africa, including the Mediterranean) need confirmation. In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006), Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde (Ritchie 1907; Vervoort 2006). The bathymetrical distribution of the species extends from tidal areas (Ansín Agís 1992) to a depth of 1870 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>The material studied by us was collected from depths of 484 to 640 m.</p><p>Remarks. The study of the nematocysts confirms that our material belongs to E. ramosum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C19337A46B2C7BFA6C36ECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C18337B46B2C011A0FB6FFD.text	03DE879D1C18337B46B2C011A0FB6FFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp 1959	<div><p>Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959</p><p>Egmundella amirantensis Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973: 40–42, fig. 5A–D; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 22–24, fig. 2a–d; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 48–49, fig. 10a–d; Migotto &amp; Cabral, 2005: 3–13, figs 1–3.</p><p>Lafoeina amirantensis: Calder, 1991: 10, fig. 3; Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 15–16, fig 5a–c.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR05: 18º08´43”N, 16º35´42”W, 421 m, 8-XII-2009: one colony, on bryozoan, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been reported growing mainly on other hydroids and rocks, algae and other invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005). Fertile material has been found during the austral summer in the Seychelles (Millard &amp; Bouillon 1973) and Brazil (Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005).</p><p>The colony studied by us was found on a bryozoan.</p><p>Distribution. Cirrholovenia tetranema is a circumglobal species (Calder 1991; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002); its geographical distribution was sumarised by Migotto &amp; Cabral (2005). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992) and Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). The bathymetric distribution ranges from 1 to 1062 m (Calder 1991; Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998).</p><p>Our material was collected from a depth of 421 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C18337B46B2C011A0FB6FFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C18337B46B2C5FEA74C6CA9.text	03DE879D1C18337B46B2C5FEA74C6CA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegopoma plicatile (Sars 1863)	<div><p>Stegopoma plicatile (Sars, 1863)</p><p>Stegopoma plicatile: Cornelius, 1995a: 114–117, fig. 25; Schuchert, 2000: 421; Schuchert, 2001: 51–53, fig. 31A–E; Calder, 2012: 20–21, fig.20.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16-XI-2010: one colony 57 mm high, attached to Lophelia pertusa, no gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Colonies have been found growing on hard substrata such as rocks and stones, other hydroids and on old rope (Cornelius 1995a); they have also been found on bivalves, crustaceans, cirripeds, ascidians and artificial substrata (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Fertile material has been found in January, May, July, September, November and December (Christiansen 1972; Gili et al. 1989; Schuchert 2000, 2001; Calder 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>The colony studied by us was growing on L. pertusa .</p><p>Distribution. Stegopoma plicatile is mainly distributed in the Arctic and boreal regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it was also reported in the East and West Pacific, Tasman Sea, Philippines, Strait of Magellan and Antarctic (Vervoort 1972; Schuchert 2001; Calder 2012). In the East Atlantic, it was reported from Svalbard (Ronowicz 2007) to off Brest (Cornelius 1995a), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Namibia (Gili et al. 1989) in West Africa; however, there are no records from Brest to Mauritania. Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 15 to 1940 m but usually from 75 to 500 m (Schuchert 2001).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 463 to 574 m.</p><p>Remarks. This species is characterised by its large, erect and branched polysiphonic colonies and pedicellate and non-pedicellate hydrothecae, the latter partially adnate to the stem or hydrocladia and curving outwards in the distal part.</p><p>Schuchert et al. (2017) used DNA barcoding and found that colonies of S. plicatile collected near Bergen (Norway) were identical to the medusa Ptychogena crocea Kramp &amp; Dumas, 1925 collected from the same area. The restricted distribution of P. crocea, a deep-sea medusa endemic to the Norwegian coast, versus the worldwide distribution of S. plicatile, strongly suggest that the current concept of S. plicatile actually represents a species complex and not a single species, and, in consequence, its identity was considered ambiguous by Schuchert et al. (2017). Therefore, in this paper, we use the name Stegopoma plicatile (Sars, 1863) for the colonies collected from Mauritanian carbonate mounds, the morphology of which falls within the traditional concept of S. plicatile .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C18337B46B2C5FEA74C6CA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3.text	03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Earleria panicula (G. O. Sars 1874)	<div><p>Earleria panicula (G.O. Sars, 1874)</p><p>Campanulina panicula: Cornelius, 1995a: 190–192, fig. 43.</p><p>Opercularella panicula: Christiansen, 1972: 291–292; Leloup, 1974: 4–6, fig. 3; Ramil &amp; Iglesias, 1988: 79–81, figs. 1–2; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 25–27, fig. 3.</p><p>Opercularella denticulata: Gili et al. 1989: 75–76, fig. 6A.</p><p>Racemoramus panicula: Calder, 2012: 26, fig. 24.</p><p>Earleria quadrata: Schuchert et al. 2017: 177, figs. 5–6.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, badly damaged, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR07, 18º35´40”N 16º43´12”W, 460 m, 12-XII-2009: one colony, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. The species can colonize a great variety of substrata, such as hydroids, brachiopods, pennatulids, bivalves, dead corals, polychaete tubes and ascidians (Cornelius 1995a; Calder 2012). Fertile colonies have been found in April, June, August, November and December (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Gili et al. 1989; Cornelius 1995a; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Gonothecae were not found in our material.</p><p>Distribution. Earleria panicula, including its synonyms Campanulina denticulata Clarke, 1907 and Campanulina indivisa Fraser, 1948, was considered to be widely distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans at moderately deep to deep waters (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Nevertheless, Calder (2012) considered the material from the Pacific and Indian Oceans to be a different species ( Racemoramus denticulata), and, in consequence, the current distribution of E. panicula is restricted to the East Atlantic, from Trondheimfjord, Norway (Calder 2012) to at least Namibia [Gili et al. 1989, as Opercularella denticulata (Clarke, 1907)]. In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco [Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as Opercularella panicula (Sars, 1874)] and Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). The bathymetric distribution of the species ranges from 30 to 2100 m (Christiansen 1972; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 460 to 462 m.</p><p>Remarks. The material was composed of two colonies with monopodial growth and a cluster of monosiphonic, unsegmented and straight branches with badly damaged terminal hydranths. This morphology was consistent with the typical structure of E. panicula, a species previously recorded in Mauritanian soft bottoms (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, as R. panicula). Moreover, the Mauritanian material is identical to those reported by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) from the Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf to off Casablanca.</p><p>Recently, Schuchert et al. (2017) used DNA barcoding and found that Earleria quadrata (Hosia &amp; Pagès, 2007) is the medusa of E. panicula . However, differences in the geographical distribution of the medusa, only known in deep waters of Korsfjord (Norway), and the polyp phase, which is widely distributed in the East Atlantic, led Schuchert et al. (2017) to consider the identity of E. panicula ambiguous, since it could represent a species complex. Nevertheless, samples of Racemoramus panicula from the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cádiz showed 16S sequences almost identical to that of E. quadrata (Schuchert et al. 2017), which seems to supports its co-specificity in at least the Northeast Atlantic. Despite Schuchert et al. (2017) hesitate to synonymise both names, currently they are considered the same species (Schuchert 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1B337946B2C216A3276BD2.text	03DE879D1C1B337946B2C216A3276BD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acryptolaria conferta var. minor Ramil & Vervoort 1992	<div><p>Acryptolaria conferta var. minor Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992</p><p>(Fig. 2B)</p><p>Acriptolaria conferta var. minor Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 43–48, figs. 8a–c, 9a–c.</p><p>Acriptolaria conferta var. minor: Vervoort, 2006: 228, fig. 11a–d.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, no coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: two colonies, one colony attached to Gorgoniidae indet, without coppiniae .</p><p>Biology. Colonies of A. conferta var. minor have been reported to grow on hard substrata like rocks, shell fragments, old antipatharian stems and coral fragments or as epibionts on Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874 and other hydroids, gorgonians, soft corals and worm tubes (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006). Acryptolaria conferta var. minor also colonises soft bottoms and anchors directly into the sediment with a basal tuft of hydrorhizal fibres (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Fertile material has been found in June and August (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006).</p><p>In the material studied by us, one colony was found growing on the axis of a gorgonian.</p><p>Distribution. This variety is known in the Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Azores, south of Madeira, Canary Islands, off Cape Blanc du Nord and Cape Yubi (Morocco) and off Cape Timiris (Mauritania) (Vervoort 2006). The bathymetric range varies between depths of 135 (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992) and 1835 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 488 m.</p><p>Remarks. The measurements of the hydrothecae is within the size range established by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Vervoort (2006) for A. conferta minor and separates this material from Acryptolaria conferta conferta (Allman, 1877) . The two size groups, not bridged by intermediate forms, were also found by Gil &amp; Ramil (2017a) in Mauritanian soft bottoms, which justifies, in our opinion, in maintaining it separate from the nominal species. Because of its sympatric distribution with A. conferta, this form only represents a variety and not a subspecies (Vervoort 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1B337946B2C216A3276BD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1A337F46B2C1EDA69D6C43.text	03DE879D1C1A337F46B2C1EDA69D6C43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Filellum serratum (Clarke 1879)	<div><p>Filellum cf. serratum (Clarke, 1879)</p><p>(Fig. 2 C–E)</p><p>Filellum serratum: Millard, 1975: 178, fig. 59A–C; Millard, 1978: 177; Hirohito, 1995: 110–112, fig. 31a–c; Calder, 1998: 1852–1853; Peña Cantero et al., 1998: 304–308, fig. 1–2; Marques et al., 2011.</p><p>Filellum cf serratum: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 54–55; Vervoort, 2006: 231–232.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR 01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: 26 colonies, 9 attached to bryozoans, five to Eudendrium sp. and one to Aglaophenia lophocarpa; no coppiniae.</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony on Sertularella gayi, without coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR07, 18º35´40”N, 16º43´12”W, 460 m, 12-XII-2009: three colonies, on Turritopsis sp., without coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: three colonies, growing on Lafoea gracillima and bryozoans, no coppiniae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14801–1, BG, 20°14.762’N, 17°40.173’W, 568 m, 3-XI-2010: six colonies, four on Aglaophenia lophocarpa and one on Nemertesia freiwaldi n. sp., no coppiniae.</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, BG, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: one colony attached to coral, without coppiniae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12- XI-2010: one colony on Sertularella gayi, no coppinia .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16- XI-2010: nine colonies, three attached to Halecium sibogae marocanum, two to Sertularella gayi, two growing on bivalvia, two on unidentified hydroids, no coppiniae.</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14911–1, CKG, 17°28.910’N, 16°41.509’W, 450 m, 16-XI-2010: two colonies, on a bryozoan, without coppiniae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14914–1, ROV, 17°08.203’– 17°07.898’N, 16°49.478’– 16°48.878’W, 417–514 m, 17-XI- 2010: one colony growing on Sertularella gayi, without coppiniae .</p><p>Biology. Filellum serratum has been found growing on several substrata, mainly on hydroids but also on bryozoans, anthozoans, worm tubes and algae (Peña Cantero et al. 1998; Vervoort 2006). Fertile material has been found in March, July and August (Peña Cantero et al. 1998).</p><p>The colonies studied here were mainly growing on bryozoans and the hydroids A. lophocarpa Allman, 1877, N. freiwaldi n. sp., H. sibogae marocanum, S. gayi, Eudendrium sp., Turritopis sp. and L. gracillima . No coppiniae were found.</p><p>Distribution. It is a circumglobal species (Peña Cantero et al. 1998); however, most identifications are based on sterile material, and, in consequence, its actual distribution remains uncertain (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Archipelago (Vervoort 2006). The bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 and 2000 m (Millard 1978; Calder 1998).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 640 m.</p><p>Description. Colonies stolonal, hydrorhizal stolons giving rise to tubular hydrothecae with the adnate part with fine transversal striae or corrugations on its upper surface; free part curving away from the adnate part, resulting in an erect distal part of variable length, varying between one-third to three-fourth of hydrothecal length. Hydrothecal rim circular, smooth and slightly everted. Renovations of hydrothecae are common and on occasion numerous, oscillating between one and eight. Coppinia not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Identification of the different species of Filellum requires the study of its coppiniae (Marques et al. 2011); however, all the material studied by us was sterile. The hydrothecae showed the characteristic transverse striae of F. serratum, the only species with the hydrothecal wall striated in the Atlantic; consequently, we identified it tentatively F. cf. serratum . Filellum antarcticum (Hartlaub, 1904), Filellum magnificum Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 2004 and Filellum nitidum Watson, 2005 also have striated hydrothecae, but they are only known in the Antarctic and South Africa, Antarctic and Australia, respectively. Nevertheless, some differences in coppinia morphology within the fertile material assigned to F. serratum by several authors suggest that several species could be involved in its current definition (see Peña Cantero et al. 1998 and Marques et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1A337F46B2C1EDA69D6C43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1C337C46B2C07FA32A6ACE.text	03DE879D1C1C337C46B2C07FA32A6ACE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoea gracillima (Alder 1856)	<div><p>Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856)</p><p>Campanularia gracillima Alder, 1856: 361, pl. 14, figs. 5, 6.</p><p>Lafoea gracillima: Jäderholm, 1909: 74, pl. 7, figs. 6, 7; Calder, 2012: 29–30, fig. 28.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, without coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: four colonies, no coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: two colonies, no coppiniae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR21, 16º28´13”N, 16º51´43”W, 522 m, 9-XII-2010: one colony 16 mm high, without coppiniae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: two colonies, one colony with four isolated hydrothecae rising from stolon on coral, no coppiniae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14886–1, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12-XI-2010: two colonies 10 mm high, one attached to Acesta excavata, and the other one to Madrepora oculata; no coppiniae.</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on shells and other hydroids (Alder 1856) and on the stem of Tubularia indivisa Linnaeus, 1758 (Calder 2012) . Jäderholm (1909) reported this species on rocky, shell and muddy bottoms in the Arctic Seas.</p><p>The colonies studied by us were found growing on M. oculata, an unidentified coral and the bivalve A. excavata .</p><p>Distribution. Lafoea gracillima is an Arctic and North Atlantic species distributed from Nantucket Sound in the west (Calder 2012) to Mauritania in the east (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco [Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006, both as Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1820)], Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006, as L. dumosa), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Archipelago (Vervoort 2006, as L. dumosa). The species was collected from depths of 20–30 m (Calder 2012) to 365 m (Jäderholm 1909). Many records of L. gracillima were included in L. dumosa or Lafoea fruticosa (Sars, 1851), and, currently, it is not possible to provide an accurate overview of its actual distribution and habitat.</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 640 m.</p><p>Remarks. Cornelius (1975) synonymised L. gracillima and L. fruticosa with L. dumosa, and his opinion was largely shared by later authors. In its current concept, L. dumosa is an almost cosmopolitan species with considerable variation in colony and hydrothecal morphology (Vervoort 2006). Nevertheless, several authors have suggested the possibility of a species complex. Schuchert (2001) found differences in the measurements of the nematocysts of the stalkless L. dumosa and pedicellate L. fruticosa; Moura et al. (2008), using DNA barcoding, found two divergent genotypes within L. dumosa, suggesting the possibility of a cryptic species. Finally, Calder (2012) maintained L. gracillima as a valid species different from both L. dumosa and L. fruticosa . During the study of this collection, we compared this material with the typical stalkless L. dumosa collected from Galicia (Northwest Spain), and we are convinced that they are different species. Consequently, as per Calder (2012) we prefer to maintain L. gracillima as valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1C337C46B2C07FA32A6ACE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1F337C46B2C6BBA3576E78.text	03DE879D1C1F337C46B2C6BBA3576E78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson 1911)	<div><p>Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911)</p><p>Zygophylax levinseni: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 78–82, figs. 18a–d, 19a–f; Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 35–37, fig. 17a–c; Schuchert, 2001: 71–72; Vervoort, 2006: 240–242, fig. 16.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one fragment, without coppiniae .</p><p>Biology. This species was collected from bottoms of L. pertusa and M. oculata (Altuna Prados &amp; Álvarez Claudio 1994) and was found growing on a sponge, Acryptolaria longitheca (Allman, 1877) (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998) and a gorgonian axis (Vervoort 2006). Coppiniae have been found only in December (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>Distribution. Zygophylax levinseni has a Northeast Atlantic distribution, from South of Iceland to south of Cape Verde Islands, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Schuchert 2001; Vervoort 2006). The records of the species were summarised by Vervoort (2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution is between 183 (Altuna Prados &amp; Álvarez Claudio 1994) and 3647 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>Our material was obtained from a depth of 405 m.</p><p>Remarks. Although our colony is only a fragment, it is consistent with the material described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1F337C46B2C6BBA3576E78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1F337D46B2C24EA6166A5E.text	03DE879D1C1F337D46B2C24EA6166A5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bedotella armata (Pictet & Bedot 1900)	<div><p>Bedotella armata (Pictet &amp; Bedot, 1900)</p><p>(Fig. 3A)</p><p>Bedotella armata: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 50–52, figs. 7c–d, 10a–c; Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 132–134, fig. 22, Lam. 4; Bouillon et al., 2004: 150, fig. 80I–K; Vervoort, 2006: 234–235.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, one colony badly damaged, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on other hydroid species, the corals D. cornigera and L. pertusa and worm tubes (Aguirrezabalaga et al. 1984; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Álvarez Claudio 1993; Vervoort 2006). Fertile material has been found in April, July (Álvarez Claudio 1993) and October (Vervoort 2006).</p><p>Distribution. Bedotella armata has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), extending from the Bay of Biscay to Cape Verde Islands and West Mediterranean (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it was collected from Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric range extends from 100 (Aguirrezabalaga et al. 1984, as Campanularia armata Pictec &amp; Bedot, 1900) to 1200 m (Vervoort 2006).</p><p>Our material was obtained from a depth of 488 m.</p><p>Remarks. The presence of globular nematothecae on stolonal tubes and characteristic shape of the hydrothecae helped in identifying this species, even the damaged colony, without any doubt.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1F337D46B2C24EA6166A5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1E337D46B2C62BA6A26E78.text	03DE879D1C1E337D46B2C62BA6A26E78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium beanii (Johnston 1838)	<div><p>Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838)</p><p>Halecium beanii: Millard, 1975: 144-145, figs 47A-E; Cornelius, 1995a: 276–278, fig. 62; Ramil et al., 1998: 7; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 8–12, fig. 1; Schuchert, 2005: 615–618, fig. 5, 6.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–1, ROV, 20°14.840’– 20°14.575’N, 17°40.193’– 17°40.071’W, 487–642 m, 3-XI-2010: three colonies 40–60 mm high, attached to Lophelia pertusa, all colonies with female gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Halecium beanii has been usually found growing on hard substrata like rocks and concretions and on algae and other invertebrates (Gravili et al. 2015). Fertile material has been found throughout the year (Cornelius 1995a; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was found growing on L. pertusa . Colonies with female gonothecae were recorded in November.</p><p>Distribution. This species shows a near cosmopolitan distribution in shallow to moderately deep waters, with records in all oceans but the Southern Ocean (Cornelius 1995a; Ramil et al. 1998; Schuchert 2005); its distribution was reviewed in detail by Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000). In West Africa, H. beanii was collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970), Canary Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Cape Verde Islands (Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965), Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0 to 1134 m (Millard 1978).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 487 to 642 m.</p><p>Remarks. The presence of female gonothecae confirms the identification of this material as H. beanii . Its morphology is very similar to that of Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758), and only the female gonothecae allow accurate separation of both species (Millard 1975; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Schuchert 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1E337D46B2C62BA6A26E78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C1E336246B2C3FEA00C6B2B.text	03DE879D1C1E336246B2C3FEA00C6B2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium sibogae subsp. marocanum Billard 1934	<div><p>Halecium sibogae marocanum Billard, 1934</p><p>Halecium sibogae marocanum: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 86–90, figs. 21a–e, 22a–b; Ramil et al., 1998: 7–8, fig. 1; Medel et al., 1998: 39–41, fig.5; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 74–75, fig. 15.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: three colonies badly damaged, without gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR07, 18º35´40”N, 16º43´12”W, 460 m, 12-XII-2009: one colony, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony 15 mm high, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16- XI-2010: six colonies 6–7 mm high, three colonies growing on Lophelia pertusa, one on cirriped and two on Sertularella gayi; one colony with gonothecae.</p><p>Biology. This species has been reported to grow on rocks, pebbles, shell fragments, algae, other hydroids, gorgonians and worm tubes. The gonothecae have been observed in March, June, July, August (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) and December (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our colonies were found growing on L. pertusa, S. gayi and cirripeds; the female gonothecae were recorded in November.</p><p>Distribution. Halecium sibogae marocanum has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution from the Galicia Bank (Ramil et al. 1998) to Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000) and Alboran Sea in the Mediterranean (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In West Africa, this species was found in Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006), Canary Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000). Bathymetric distribution from 16 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 756 m (Ramil et al. 1998).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 574 m.</p><p>Remarks. The presence of a perisarc fold at the base of the primary hydranthophore, the rim strongly everted and the female gonothecae are characteristics of H. sibogae marocanum and help in identifying the colonies to the species level (Ramil et al. 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1E336246B2C3FEA00C6B2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C01336246B2C60FA0F66EB1.text	03DE879D1C01336246B2C60FA0F66EB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium tenellum Hincks 1861	<div><p>Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861</p><p>Halecium tenellum: Cornelius, 1975: 409–411, fig. 12; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 90–91, fig. 21f, g; Cornelius, 1995a: 296-297, fig. 69; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 75–77, fig. 12c–e; Vervoort, 2006: 254.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, attached to Lophelia pertusa, no gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing frequently on other hydroids and on rocks, pebbles and as epibiont on algae and a wide range of invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Fertile material has been found in January, April, May, June, October and December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000).</p><p>The colony studied by us was growing on L. pertusa .</p><p>Distribution. Halecium tenellum is a near cosmopolitan species (Cornelius 1975), with records in all oceans, including polar waters. Its distribution was reviewed in detail by Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000), but some identifications from high latitudes in the North Atlantic are erroneous (Calder 1991; Schuchert 2005). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Vervoort 2006), Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989), Guinea (Vervoort 1959) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957; Vervoort 1959). Its bathymetric range extends from the intertidal zone to 1200 m (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>Our material was collected from a depth of 488 m.</p><p>Remarks. Although gonothecae were absent in our material, the delicate aspects of the colony, such as long, thin and straight internodes disposed in zigzag directions, well-developed primary hydranthophores and stark flared hydrothecal rim, allowed us identify it as H. tenellum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C01336246B2C60FA0F66EB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C01336346B2C206A0AB6AE7.text	03DE879D1C01336346B2C206A0AB6AE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia margareta (Hassall 1841)	<div><p>Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841)</p><p>Sertularia margareta Hassall, 1841: 284, pl. VI, figs. 3 – 4.</p><p>Diphasia pinaster: Hincks, 1868: 252–253, pl. L, fig. 1; Cornelius, 1995b: 50–53, fig. 10.</p><p>Diphasia elegans G.O. Sars, 1873: 107–108, tab.III, figs. 23–26.</p><p>Diphasia margareta: Cornelius, 1979: 263–265, fig. 11; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 201–210, figs.52, 53, 54, 55, 56C–E, 57A, 58; Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017b: 309–318, figs 4–7.</p><p>Diphasia pectinata: Vervoort, 1959: 255–256, figs. 23–24 [Not Diphasia pectinata: Lamarck, 1816 = Diphasia nigra (Pallas, 1766)].</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14871–2, ROV, 19°08.344’– 19°08.235’N, 16°45.849’– 16°45.664’W, 427–566 m, 9-XI-2010: three colonies 22–46 mm high, two of them growing on Sertularella gayi; one colony with female gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12-XI- 2010: one colony 60 mm high, growing on Madrepora oculata, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14914–1, ROV, 17°08.203’– 17°07.898’N, 16°49.478’– 16°48.878’W, 417–514 m, 17-XI- 2010: one colony on Sertularella gayi, without gonothecae .</p><p>Remarks. This species was re-described in detail by Gil &amp; Ramil (2017b), including a discussion of its taxonomical status and a review of types of substrates, reproductive periods and its geographical distribution. Diphasia margareta is a Northeastern Atlantic species widely distributed in Northwest Africa, from Northern Morocco to Guinea Bissau, Canary and Cape Verde Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C01336346B2C206A0AB6AE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C00336046B2C6D2A66B6C2F.text	03DE879D1C00336046B2C6D2A66B6C2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux 1821)	<div><p>Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821)</p><p>(Fig. 3 B–D)</p><p>Sertularella gayi gayi: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 219–222, fig. 61a–e; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 40–45, fig. 10–11; Vervoort, 2006: 267.</p><p>Sertularella gayi: Billard, 1906a: 184–185, fig. 9; Billard, 1906b:73; Billard, 1931: 675; Buchanan, 1957: 366; Vervoort, 1959: 273–275, figs. 33B–C, 34B; Redier, 1965: 373; Rees &amp; Thursfield, 1965: 134; Vervoort, 1966: 127–128, fig. 30; Patriti, 1970: 37–38, fig. 48; Gili et al., 1989: 102–103, fig. 27; Ramil et al., 1992: 496–500, figs. 1a, 2–3.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: four colonies, without gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR10, 19º50´01”N, 17º37´03”W, 520 m, 22-XI-2010: one colony 30 mm high, with gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: five colonies 18–30 mm high, three of them growing on Lophelia pertusa; one colony with gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR21, 16º28´13”N, 16º51´43”W, 522 m, 9-XII-2010: one fragmented colony, without gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–5, ROV, 20°14.823’N, 17°40.178’W, 613 m, 3-XI-2010: two colonies 30 and 33 mm high, with gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14871–2, ROV, 19°08.344’– 19°08.235’N, 16°45.849’– 16°45.664’W, 427–566 m, 9-XI- 2010: two colonies 35 and 56 mm high, one growing on Lophelia pertusa, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12- XI-2010: two colonies 8 and 17 mm high, one colony on Acesta excavata and another one on Madrepora oculata; no gonothecae.</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14903–1, GKG, 17°32.853’N, 16°39.700’W, 414 m, 15-XI-2010: one colony 22 mm high, growing on a sponge, without gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16-XI- 2010: five colonies 11–73 mm high, on Lophelia pertusa; two colonies with gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14914–1, ROV, 17°08.203’– 17°07.898’N, 16°49.478’– 16°48.878’W, 417–514 m, 17-XI- 2010: six colonies 20–55 mm high, on Acesta excavata, four of them with gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a great variety of substrata, such as stones, sponges, the hydroid Lytocarpia myriophyllum, worm tubes, gorgonians, old antipatharian axis, coral fragments, bryozoans, shell fragments and ascidians (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Vervoort 2006). This species was also reported anchoring directly on soft-bottom (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Fertile material has been found in March, April and between June and December (Teissier 1965; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Ramil et al. 1992; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998).</p><p>Our colonies were found growing on different hydroid species, the scleractinian corals L. pertusa and M. oculata, sponges and the bivalve A. excavata . Some colonies were collected with gonothecae in November and December.</p><p>Distribution. This species has a wide distribution in the Atlantic, from Spitzbergen to Gough Island, including the Mediterranean Sea [Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as Sertularella gayi gayi (Lamourux, 1821)]. In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Billard 1906a; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as S. gayi gayi), Mauritania (Billard 1906a, as S. gayi gayi; Billard 1931; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998, as S. gayi gayi; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, as S. gayi gayi), Cape Verde Islands (Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998, Vervoort 2006, last both as S. gayi gayi), Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989), Senegal (Vervoort 1959), Ivory Coast (Vervoort 1959; Redier 1965), Ghana (Buchanan 1957, as S. gayi gayi), Congo (Vervoort 1966, as S. gayi gayi) and Angola (Gili et al. 1989). The bathymetrical distribution ranges from 9 (Ramil et al. 1992) to 1200 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as S. gayi gayi).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 640 m.</p><p>Remarks. The colonies from stations GeoB 14796–5 and GeoB 14908–1 have a lot of female gonothecae between 2000 and 3000 µm in length (fig. 3C–D). In the gonothecae, we could observe two ‘lips’ flanking the apical aperture, which is characteristic of S. gayi .</p><p>We observed some variations in the ramification pattern of a colony from station GeoB 14914–1. In the basal part of the colony, three consecutive branches separated from each other by only one hydrotheca were found. In the proximal part, we found two hydrothecae between consecutive branches; however, in the distal part, the colony showed the typical ramification of S. gayi (see Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as S. gayi gayi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C00336046B2C6D2A66B6C2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C03336146B2C10BA1AA6A27.text	03DE879D1C03336146B2C10BA1AA6A27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella porcupine Gil & Ramil & Agís 2020	<div><p>Sertularella porcupine nom. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 3E)</p><p>Sertularella gayi var. robusta Allman, 1873: 186; Allman, 1874: 474, pl. LXVI, figs 3, 3A; Billard, 1906b: 185, fig. 9C. Sertularella gayi robusta: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 223–225, figs. 60B, 62A–C; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 45–46, fig. 12; Calder</p><p>&amp; Vervoort, 1998: 39–41, fig. 19A–B.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one hydrothecae growing on a bryozoan, no gonothecae .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name porcupine refers the 1869 Expedition of the vessel H.M.S. “Porcupine”, in which the species was collected for the first time. Noun in apposition.</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on coral fragments and gorgonians (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) and on bryozoans, scleractinians and artificial substrata (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Fertile material has been found in May, June and November (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998).</p><p>In our material, this species was epibiont on a bryozoan.</p><p>Distribution. Sertularella porcupine nom. nov. is an East Atlantic species reported from the Shetland Islands to Madeira and the Atlantic coast of Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as Sertularella gayi robusta Allman, 1873). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Billard 1906b, as S. gayi var. elongata and S. gayi var. robusta; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as S. gayi robusta), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, as S. gayi robusta) and Cape Verde region (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000, as S. gayi robusta). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 120 to 1003 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a; Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998, both as S. gayi robusta).</p><p>Our material was collected from a depth of 488 m.</p><p>Remarks. The differences between S. gayi and Sertularella porcupine nom. nov. (= S. gayi robusta) were established by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992), and they deal with the ramification pattern of the colonies, size of the hydrothecae and the morphology of gonothecal aperture.</p><p>In Sertularella porcupine nom. nov. the ramification of the colony is more irregular with branches disposed all around of axis, the hydrothecae are bigger and the gonothecal aperture provided with three low cups versus two lips ins S. gayi .</p><p>Research on the DNA barcode gene 16S mRNA within Sertulariidae conducted by Moura et al. (2011) suggested that S. gayi and S. porcupine nom. nov. (= S. gayi robusta) are different species, but the authors used the name ‘ Sertularella robusta ’ for the material collected from the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz; nevertheless, the binomen Sertularella robusta cannot be applied to Allman’s variety because it is an invalid junior homonym of Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1879, a different species mainly distributed in the Indo-Pacific region (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). Another name applied to this species was Sertularella gayi var. elongata Billard, 1906b, included by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) in its synonym. The binomen Sertularella elongata is also an invalid junior homonym of Sertularella elongata Jäderholm, 1904 [= Antarctoscyphus elongatus (Jäderholm, 1904)]. In consequence, we propose Sertularella porcupine as a replacement name for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C03336146B2C10BA1AA6A27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C02336146B2C793A3176FBB.text	03DE879D1C02336146B2C793A3176FBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman 1877	<div><p>Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman, 1877</p><p>Aglaophenia lophocarpa: Svoboda, 1979: 82–86, figs. 12e, 13e, 15e, 16e; Svoboda &amp; Cornelius, 1991: 22–23, fig. 5; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 93–94, fig. 23B–C; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 40–48, figs. 22–25; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 88–89, fig. 17D.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: 35 colonies, four with corbulae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: six colonies, without corbulae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: ten colonies 20–47 mm high, three with corbulae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14801–1, BG, 20°14.762’N, 17°40.173’W, 568 m, 3-XI-2010: six colonies 14–17 mm high, no corbulae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14903–1, GKG, 17°32.853’N, 16°39.700’W, 414 m, 15-XI-2010: three colonies 12–31 mm high, on ascidians, without corbulae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14914–1, ROV, 17°08.203’– 17°07.898’N, 16°49.478’– 16°48.878’W, 417–514 m, 17.XI.2010: three colonies 5–22 mm high, one on the bivalve Acesta excavata, and other on Sertularella gayi, no corbulae.</p><p>Biology. Colonies of A. lophocarpa have been found growing on hard substrata, algae, on other hydroids, old stems of antipatharians and a bivalve of the genus Malleus (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006). Colonies with gonothecae have been found throughout the year, except in November (Ansín Agís et al. 2001); fertile material was reported by Gil &amp; Ramil (2017a) in November in Mauritania.</p><p>In our material, colonies were found growing on the bivalve A. excavata, S. gayi and ascidians. Corbulae were observed in December.</p><p>Distribution. Aglaophenia lophocarpa is an amphi-Atlantic species with a wide bathymetric distribution between 0 and 2700 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006). In the East Atlantic, it has been reported from the French Channel to Guinea-Bissau, including the Mediterranean Sea. On the coast of West Africa, it was collected specifically from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Archipelago (Ansín Agís et al. 2001) and Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 568 m.</p><p>Remarks. Aglaophenia lophocarpa is a well-known species in Northwest Africa and does not require further comments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C02336146B2C793A3176FBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C05336646B2C5B6A0316C4E.text	03DE879D1C05336646B2C5B6A0316C4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Lytocarpia myriophyllum: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 137–143, figs. 35b–d, 36a–j; Ramil et al., 1998:19–23, figs. 9–12; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 88–99, figs. 40–45; Di Camillo et al., 2013: 778–784, figs. 2–5.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, no corbulae .</p><p>Biology. Lytocarpia myriophyllum shows hydrorhizal adaptations to anchor the colony in soft bottoms (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Because of its capacity to create wide forests and stabilize sediments, it was defined as a habitat former and ecosystem engineer (Di Camillo et al. 2013). Fertile material has been reported from March to November (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Di Camillo et al. 2013).</p><p>Our colony was collected on the cold-water coral mounds barrier but detached from substratum.</p><p>Distribution. The geographical distribution of L. myriophyllum was reviewed by Ansín Agís et al. (2001), who excluded the records of this species from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its current distribution stretches from the Arctic Seas to the USA in the West Atlantic and to the Gulf of Guinea in the East Atlantic and throughout the whole Mediterranean Sea to the coast of Israel. In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco [Billard 1906b; Patriti 1970, both as Thecocarpus myriophyllum (Linnaeus, 1758); Ansín Agís et al. 2001], West Sahara (Vervoort 2006), Canary Islands (Bedot 1921b, as T. myriophyllum; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Islands (Billard 1906b, as T. myriophyllum; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Senegal (Vervoort 1959, as T. myriophyllum), Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989, as T. myriophyllum), Sierra Leone (Vervoort 1959, as T. myriophyllum), Liberia (Broch 1914, as T. myriophyllum), Ghana (Buchanan 1957, as T. myriophyllum) and the Gulf of Guinea (Redier 1965, as Aglaophenia myriophyllum). Its bathymetric range extends from 5 to 1800 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>The colony examined by us was collected at a depth of 462 m, close to the Senegalese border.</p><p>Remarks. This material falls within the variations described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) for Lytocarpia myriophyllum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C05336646B2C5B6A0316C4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C05336646B2C060A1AA6F8A.text	03DE879D1C05336646B2C060A1AA6F8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Streptocaulus multiseptatus (Bale 1915)	<div><p>Streptocaulus multiseptatus (Bale, 1915)</p><p>Cladocarpia multisepatus Bale, 1915: 304–306, pl. 47 figs. 1–5.</p><p>Cladocarpus multiseptatus: Alvarez Claudio, 1993: 221–224, fig. 38, Lam. XX; Álvarez Claudio, 1995: 13–14, fig. 2.1; Bouillon et al., 2004: 124, fig. 65K.</p><p>Cladocarpus cf. multiseptatus: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 109–111, fig. 27a.</p><p>Streptocaulus multiseptatus: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 2008: 417–421, figs. 1–2.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR06, 17º40´22”N, 16º40´11”W, 435 m, 10-XII-2009: four colonies, without phylactocarps .</p><p>Biology. Colonies of S. multiseptatus with phylactocarps and gonothecae have been found only in November (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 2008).</p><p>Our material was found on the cold-water coral mound barrier.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known from Australia, Bay of Biscay, Alboran Sea and the Sahara coast; its bathymetric distribution ranges from 135 to 576 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 2008). In West Africa, S. multiseptatus was reported in Western Sahara (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 2008) and also in Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was collected from a depth of 435 m off Nouakchott, representing the southernmost record of the species in the Atlantic Ocean .</p><p>Remarks. The material examined by us is consistent with the description of S. multiseptatus given by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (2008) on the basis of material collected off the Sahara coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C05336646B2C060A1AA6F8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C04336746B2C44EA19C6C70.text	03DE879D1C04336746B2C44EA19C6C70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antennella secundaria (Gmelin 1791)	<div><p>Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791)</p><p>Antennella secundaria: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 143–145, fig. 37a–d; Calder, 1997: 29–32, Fig. 7; Schuchert, 1997: 14–18, figs 3-4; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 140–145, fig. 63; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 100–102, fig. 18e–h.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, growing on Plumularia filicula, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony on Lophelia pertusa, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species colonises a wide variety of substrates, such as algae, sponges, hydrozoans, anthozoans, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, barnacles and bio-concretions (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Fertile material has been found throughout the year, except in January and December (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>In our material, one colony was growing on P. filicula and L. pertusa .</p><p>Distribution. The geographical distribution of A. secundaria was reviewed in detail by Ansín Agís et al. (2001). This species has a circumglobal distribution in temperate, subtropical and tropical waters, with a bathymetric range extending from the littoral zone to a depth of 2700 m (Vervoort 2006). On the West African coast, it was specifically collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970), West Sahara (Broch 1913), Canary Islands (Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Islands (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006), Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 462 to 488 m.</p><p>Remarks. The unbranched and heteronomous segmented axis and presence of four nematothecae in the hydrothecate internodes—one mesial inferior, two laterals and one reduced in the axil behind the free part of the adcauline hydrothecal wall—are the diagnostic features of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C04336746B2C44EA19C6C70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C04336546B2C181A19F6A6F.text	03DE879D1C04336546B2C181A19F6A6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris catharina (Johnston 1833)	<div><p>Halopteris catharina (Johnston, 1833)</p><p>(Fig. 3F)</p><p>Halopteris catharina: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 145–148, fig. 37e–g; Cornelius, 1995b: 126–128, fig. 29; Schuchert, 1997: 107–110, fig. 38; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 159–163, fig. 68.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR 01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: 25 colonies, six colonies growing on bryozoans, one on sponge, three on Aglaophenia lophocarpa, three on Plumularia filicula, one on Halecium sibogae marocanum and one on Nemertesia sp.; without gonothecae.</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: seven colonies, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: two colonies, one of them attached to Aglaophenia lophocarpa, without gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14796–1, ROV, 20°14.840’– 20°14.575’N, 17°40.193’– 17°40.071’W, 487–642m, 3-XI- 2010: five colonies 7–17 mm high, one on a sponge, two on Lophelia pertusa, two on Halecium beanii; without gonothecae.</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14801–1, BG, 20°14.762’N, 17°40.173’W, 568 m, 3-XI-2010: two colonies 7 mm high, one on Aglaophenia lophocarpa, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, BG, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: one colony on Lophelia pertusa, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12-XI- 2010: two colonies 12 mm high, one on Acesta excavata, one on Madrepora oculata, no gonothecae.</p><p>Biology. Halopteris catharina has been collected frequently from other hydroids and algae, sponges, corals, worm tubes and ascidians (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gravili et al. 2013). The gonothecae have been found in February and from April to September (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on sponges, other hydroid species, the scleractinians L. pertusa and M. oculata and the bivalve A. excavata .</p><p>Distribution. This species has a wide distribution on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, from the Arctic to the southern-boreal regions, including the Mediterranean Sea (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). For a detailed distribution, see Ansín Agís et al. (2001). In West Africa, H. catharina was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde Archipelago (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric range stretches from 1 to 627 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>The material studied by us was collected from depths of 405 to 642 m.</p><p>Remarks. The plumose aspect of the colony with opposed hydrocladia and presence of a supplementary pair of lateral nematothecae helped in accurate identification of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C04336546B2C181A19F6A6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C06336546B2C78AA75A6E00.text	03DE879D1C06336546B2C78AA75A6E00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyplumaria flabellata G. O. Sars 1874	<div><p>Polyplumaria flabellata Sars, 1874</p><p>(Fig. 12C)</p><p>Polyplumaria flabellata: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 193–197, fig. 50A–G; Cornelius, 1995b: 163–165, fig. 38, Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 248–253, figs, 93–94.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, one colony with gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: six colonies, without gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR19, 16º09´06”N, 16º56´50”W, 561 m, 7-XII-2010: two colonies, 48–63 mm high, one colony with gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: six colonies, 30–60 mm high, without gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR21, 16º28´13”N, 16º51´43”W, 522 m, 9-XII-2010: one colony 45 mm high, no gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Fertile colonies were found in March and between May and August (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>In our material, gonothecae were found in December.</p><p>Distribution. An East Atlantic species distributed from Iceland and Norway to off the mouth of the Congo River and in the Alboran Sea, West Mediterranean (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Kramp 1947; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and off the mouth of the Congo River (Vervoort 1966). Its bathymetric range extends from 47 to 2200 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>Our material was collected on the cold-water coral mound barrier from depths of 405 to 561 m.</p><p>Remarks. The material obtained from the Mauritanian cold-water coral mound barrier was consistent with those described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) from Azores and Northwest Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C06336546B2C78AA75A6E00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C06336A46B2C27FA2EB6B7D.text	03DE879D1C06336A46B2C27FA2EB6B7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae (Billard 1906)	<div><p>Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae (Billard, 1906)</p><p>(Fig. 12 A–B)</p><p>Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 151–156, figs. 39d–g, 40b, e; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 175–178, fig. 72. Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae simplex: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 156–158, figs. 39a–c, 40a, c, d.</p><p>Kirchenpaueria triangulata: Millard, 1975: 375–376, fig. 119E–H; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 129–132, fig.27.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, on Polyplumaria flabellata, with gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR19, 16º09´06”N, 16º56´50”W, 561 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony, on Polyplumaria flabellata, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: three colonies, all on Polyplumaria flabellata, one colony with gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been usually collected epibiont on other hydroids; fertile material has been found in February, April, June, July, October and December (Ramil et al. 1998; Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>In our material, colonies were growing on P. flabellata; gonothecae were obtained in December.</p><p>Distribution. Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae is widely distributed in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, with some scattered records in the West Pacific (Ansín Agís et al. 2014). In the Atlantic, its distribution is restricted to the east side, from Norway to South Africa, including the southern part of Alboran Sea in the West Mediterranean. On West African coast, it was collected specifically from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Cape Verde region (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Its bathymetric range extends from 11 to 1280 m (Ramil et al. 1998; Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 to 561 m.</p><p>Remarks. This species shows some variability in the number of nematothecae per internode and by the absence of hydrocladia in some colonies ( Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae simplex Billard, 1930); our material is identical with those described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) from the Gibraltar region and Cape Verde Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C06336A46B2C27FA2EB6B7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C09336A46B2C6F8A7256E22.text	03DE879D1C09336A46B2C6F8A7256E22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Kirchenpaueria pinnata: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 158–161, fig. 41A–C; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 183–188, fig. 74; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 106–108, fig. 20A–C; Calder, 2012: 42–43, fig. 42; Gravili et al., 2015: 108–110, figs 77A–C.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: one colony on Lophelia pertusa, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been reported to grow on a great variety of substrates, mainly on algae but also on rocks, seagrasses, bio-concretions and a wide range of invertebrates; fertile material has been found throughout the year (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>Our colony was growing on L. pertusa .</p><p>Distribution. Kirchenpaueria pinnata is widely distributed in the East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, with some isolated records in the West Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; a detailed review of its geographical distribution was published by Ansín Agís et al. (2001). In West Africa, K. pinnata was collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970, as Kirchenpaueria pinnata var. elegantula), Canary Islands (Izquierdo et al. 1986; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Gambia (Vervoort 1959, as Kirchenpaueria pinnata f. elegantula). Its bathymetric range extends from 0 to 769 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>The colony studied by us was collected from a depth of 595 m.</p><p>Remarks. Kirchenpaueria pinnata is a well-known species and does not require further comments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C09336A46B2C6F8A7256E22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C09336B46B2C39DA02B6F0E.text	03DE879D1C09336B46B2C39DA02B6F0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia belini Bedot 1916	<div><p>Nemertesia belini Bedot, 1916</p><p>(Fig. 4; Table 1)</p><p>Nemertesia belini Bedot, 1916: 1; 1917: 43; 1921a: 35; 1921b: 24, Pl. IV figs 22–30; 1923: 215, fig. 1A–B; Rees &amp; White, 1966: 280; Bouillon et al., 1995: 59.</p><p>Not Nemertesia belini – Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 200–204, figs. 78–79, (= Nemertesia caboverdensis n. sp.)</p><p>Material examined. Nemertesia belini: Syntype material: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-26.837502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.508335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -26.837502/lat 38.508335)">Musée Océanographique</a>, Monaco. Campagnes Scientifiques Prince Albert 1 er de Monaco: Expedition 1895, stn 584, 38°31´– 38°30´30”N, 26°49´15”– 26°50´15”W, 845 m, 16-VII-1895: many colonies, several with damaged gonothecae. MOM 11 0139.</p><p>Expedition 1897, stn 889, 37°57´30”N, 29°15´10”W, 208 m, 10-VIII-1897: one damaged stem. MOM 11 0170.</p><p>Expedition 1905, stn 2.210, 39°25´N, 31°22´30”W, 1229 m, 01-IX-1905: one colony with hydrocladia alternately directed left and right in the basal part, no gonothecae. MOM 11 0199.</p><p>Expedition 1903, stn without number, 32 miles ESE of Punta Este, Pico Island (Azores), 1160 m, 26-II-1903: many colonies with gonothecae. MOM 11 0213.</p><p>Biology. Bedot (1921b) indicated the presence of gonothecae in February and July.</p><p>Distribution. Nemertesia belini was, to date, only known in the Azores. Its bathymetric range is between 208 and 1229 m (Bedot 1916, 1921b).</p><p>Description. Hydrorhiza tubular, adhering to substrate, giving rise to a monosiphonic and unbranched stem with several internal coenosarc canals.</p><p>Axis divided into internodes separated by transverse nodes distinctly visible along the entire stem. Each internode with one to five apophyses distally and a variable number of nematothecae. Apophyses usually arranged in opposite pairs or verticils, in some cases also have been observed alternately directed left and right. There are a variable number of nematothecae between two consecutive apophyses.</p><p>Length of apophyses varied in same colony, short basally and becoming longer distally. Basal apophyses with a small mamelon on the upper surface and four nematothecae: two axillar and two located distally to mamelon. Distal apophyses longer with a mamelon and may have up to 10 nematothecae: two axilar, two pairs above mamelon and between one and four unpaired distal nematothecae. Internal perisarc ring of varied development just under node separating the apophyses from hydrocladia.</p><p>First hydrocladial internode in basal part of stem, short and ahydrothecate and provided with one or two nematothecae. Hydrocladia composed of succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes, separated by slightly oblique nodes, but irregularly distributed, making it difficult to define a pattern for hydrocladial segmentation. Therefore, in the same colony, we have been observed hydrocladia with only hydrothecate internodes and other hydrocladia composed of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes, which does not seem to be due to damage and subsequent regeneration. The regenerated part of a broken hydrocladia always shows regular heteronomous segmentation.</p><p>Hydrothecate internodes with one hydrotheca and six or seven nematothecae: two or three mesial inferior, two laterals and two supracalycine nematothecae. Nevertheless, the number of nematothecae is variable between five and ten. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight and rim smooth and tilted upwards. In hydrocladia without ahydrothecate internodes, the hydrotheca is located in the middle of the internode, while in heteronomous hydrocladia it is placed in the basal half. Ahydrothecate internodes bearing one to three nematothecae, usually with two. All nematothecae bithalamic and movable.</p><p>Likewise, in some hydrocladia after rupture and subsequent regeneration, three ahydrothecate internodes have been observed before the first hydrothecate internode. All internodes, hydrothecate and ahydrothecate, with two internal perisarcal rings of varied development, one in basal part and other in distal part.</p><p>Gonothecae inserted on apophyses, near mamelon. Gonothecae curved, with one side clearly convex and other straight, with latero-terminal, ovoid-shaped aperture. Sex undetermined.</p><p>Remarks. Bedot (1916) indicated that N. belini mainly differs from other Nemertesia species by considerable variability in the apophysis length, pattern of segmentation of the hydrocladia and number of unpaired nematothecae per hydrocladial internode (one to five mesial inferior and one or four supracalycine), making it difficult to establish diagnostic characters for the species. However, at the same time, this variability distinguishes N. belini from the other Nemertesia species. An exhaustive study of the variability in this species was published by Bedot (1921b).</p><p>This species is not represented in our collection; however, review of the type material was necessary to clearly identity some samples, and its redescription is included in this study. The differences between N. belini and N. freiwaldi n. sp. are discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C09336B46B2C39DA02B6F0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C0A336F46B2C654A1446C67.text	03DE879D1C0A336F46B2C654A1446C67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia caboverdensis Gil & Ramil & Agís 2020	<div><p>Nemertesia caboverdensis n. sp.</p><p>(Fig. 5; Table 2)</p><p>Nemertesia belini: Ansín Agís, 1998: 457–460; figs. 62–63; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 200–204, figs. 78–79 (not Nemertesia belini Bedot, 1916).</p><p>Material examined. Cape Verde Islands. CANCAP, stn 6.072, 15º54´N, 23º06´W, 110 m, 13-VI-1982: six colonies 26–171 mm high, without gonothecae; paratypes (RMNH-Coel. 28754; LZM-UV slide R. 332) .</p><p>CANCAP, stn 6.074, 15º55´N, 23º04´W, 91 m, 13-VI-1982: one colony 53 mm high, no gonothecae; paratype (RMNH-Coel. 28762).</p><p>CANCAP, stn 6.076, 15º55´N, 23º05´W, 92 m, 13-vi-1982: one colony 69 mm high, without gonothecae; paratype (RMNH-Coel. 29101).</p><p>CANCAP, stn 6.078, 15º55´N, 23º06´W, 185–190 m, 13-vi-1982: one colony 92 mm high, with gonothecae; holotype (RMNH-Coel. 28788).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, caboverdensis, refers to the locality from which this new species was obtained: Cape Verde Archipelago.</p><p>Biology. Gonothecae were found in June (Ansín Agís 1998; Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>Distribution. Only recorded in four localities of Cape Verde Islands, between depths of 91 and 190 m (Ansín Agís 1998; Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p><p>Description. Hydrorhiza tubular, adhering to substrate, giving rise to several monosiphonic, unbranched hydrocauli, divided into internodes by straight nodes, distinctly visible along the entire stem, especially in distal part. Each internode provided with two opposite apophyses in basal part of stem and a verticil of four apophyses in distal part, with decussate disposition; moreover, each axial internode carries several nematothecae distributed under the apophyses. Length of apophyses varies, short basally and long distally; each apophysis with two axillar nematothecae, a mamelon on its upper surface and an unpaired distal nematotheca. Long apophyses may have, after the mamelon, a pair of proximal nematothecae and up to three unpaired distal nematothecae.</p><p>In basal half of stem, the apophyses are short and each hydrocladium starts with a short ahydrothecate internode, provided with a single nematotheca. In distal half, with long apophyses, first internode of hydrocladium is hydrothecate because of the fusion of the first ahydrothecate internode with the apophysis. Hydrocladia composed of succession of hydrothecate internodes with slightly oblique nodes, each with one hydrotheca on distal third, two to four mesial inferior nematothecae, a pair of lateral nematothecae and occasionally a supracalycine nematotheca. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight, with the aperture perpendicular to longitudinal axis of hydrocladia; rim smooth.Ahydrothecate internodes occur but distributed without any regularity, bearing one to three nematothecae, usually as the result of node formation in basal part of succeeding hydrothecate internode; in this case, the hydrotheca occupies a central position on the internode. All nematothecae bithalamic and movable, with long and narrow basal chamber.</p><p>Gonothecae inserted on apophyses, ovoid, narrowing basally into a short pedicel. Aperture latero-terminal, broadly oval. Only one type of gonothecae observed; sex unknown.</p><p>A colony from Stn 6.078 showed two secondary hydrocladia arising from the interior of a hydrotheca or a small apophysis below the hydrotheca of a primary hydrocladium (fig. 5E).</p><p>Remarks. Review of the type material of N. belini and study of the samples identified as N. belini by Ansín Agís (1998) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) led us to the conclusion that they are different species.Although this species was not collected in our surveys, for comparative purposes, we have also included a description of this material.</p><p>Comparison of these colonies with the type material of N. belini showed a fair similarity in morphological traits, both with respect to trophosome and gonosome. Moreover, this material also shows wide variations related to the length of apophyses, segmentation of the stem and hydrocladia, and number of nematothecae per hydrocladial internode. This variability is consistent with that described by Bedot (1916) for N. belini .</p><p>Nevertheless, we found differences that, in our opinion, justify its specific separation. In N. caboverdensis n. sp., hydrothecae are disposed in distal third of internodes and its aperture is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of hydrocladia, whereas in N. belini, hydrothecae are located in basal half of internodes and its aperture is clearly tilted to abcauline side (adcauline wall longer than abcauline one) (fig. 4F, G). The number of supracalycine nematothecae is also different: one to three in N. belini, two being the more common number (Bedot 1921b) versus zero to one in the N. caboverdensis n. sp., one being the most common; moreover, in N. caboverdensis n. sp., the nematothecae are longer (see Table 2). In addition, N. caboverdensis n. sp. has ahydrothecate internodes irregularly distributed along hydrocladia, whereas in N. belini, hydrocladia are composed of a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes as standard morphology.</p><p>Material from CANCAP stn 5010, collected in the Azores area and reported by Ansín Agís (1998) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) within N. belini, must be reviewed before its definitive identification. Some features of this colony, such as the hydrothecal aperture tilted in abcauline direction and the length of its nematothecae clearly smaller, suggest that could be a different species.</p><p>Differences with N. freiwaldi n. sp. are discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C0A336F46B2C654A1446C67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C0F335046B2C5FFA3866A5F.text	03DE879D1C0F335046B2C5FFA3866A5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia freiwaldi Gil & Ramil & Agís 2020	<div><p>Nemertesia freiwaldi n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 6, 7, 8; Table 3)</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: nine colonies, one colony with male gonotheca (SMF 12948), three colonies with female gonothecae (1 LZM-UV 15247, 2 MNCN 2.03 /684, 2.03/685), paratypes .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony, with male gonothecae, paratype (LZM-UV 15261) .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–1, ROV, 20°14.840’– 20°14.575’N, 17°40.193’– 17°40.071’W, 487–642m, 3-XI- 2010: two colonies 23 mm high, growing on Lophelia pertusa; one colony with female gonothecae is the holotype (SMF 12947) and the other a paratype (LZM-UV 02986) .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14801–1, BG, 20°14.762’N, 17°40.173’W, 568 m, 3-XI-2010: eight colonies 13–22 mm high, no gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14802–1, BG, 20°14.791’N, 17°40.188’W, 595 m, 3-XI-2010: one colony 17 mm high, on Lophelia pertusa with female gonothecae, paratype (RMNH.Coel.42585)</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14871–2, ROV, 19°08.344’– 19°08.235’N, 16°45.849’– 16°45.664’W, 427–566 m, 9-XI- 2010: one colony, on Lophelia pertusa, without gonothecae .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name freiwaldi honours Prof. Dr. André Freiwald, Senkenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, in appreciation and recognition of his wide contribution to the knowledge on cold-water coral habitats.</p><p>Biology. Some colonies were found growing on L. pertusa; the rest of the colonies were detached from the substrate, but some of them showed hydrorhizal adaptations for anchoring in muddy bottoms. The bathymetric range of the species extends from 405 to 642 m.</p><p>Distribution. This species was collected on the Mauritanian cold-water coral mounds and surrounding offmound muddy bottoms.</p><p>Description. Hydrorhiza formed by stolonal tubes growing attached to corals or composed of a compact mass of interwoven stolonal fibres to anchor the colony to the sediment in muddy bottoms. Hydrocauli monosiphonic, unbranched and divided into internodes by straight nodes visible along the stem. Each internode with 3–4 nematothecae and two apophyses in the distal part. Apophyses arranged in opposite pairs in one plane, each of them with one mamelon on its upper surface and three nematothecae: two in the axil and one in the distal part of apophyses, close to the node.</p><p>In basal half of colony, hydrocladia inserted on apophyses with first internode ahydrothecate and provided with a single nematothecae and two perisarc rings, one basal and the other distal; remaining hydrocladia composed of a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes.</p><p>Hydrothecate internodes with one hydrotheca located in the middle of the internode, and three nematothecae: two laterals and one mesial inferior. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall slightly smaller and straight; hydrothecal aperture perpendicular to longitudinal axis of hydrocladia or slightly tilted downwards; rim even and smooth. Ahydrothecate internodes only have two nematothecae, one basal and other distal.</p><p>In the distal part of colony, hydrocladia inserted on apophyses directly by a hydrothecate internode incorporating, in this case, the first ahydrothecate internode and its nematotheca, resulting in a longer internode with one hydrotheca in its distal third and four nematothecae, two mesial inferior and two laterals. Following internodes are hydrothecate internodes, provided with one hydrotheca in distal part and 4–5 nematothecae: two or three mesial inferior and two laterals. Only in the distal part of these hydrocladia, regular succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes with the same disposition of hydrotheca and nematothecae described for the basal hydrocladia. All hydrothecate internodes have an oblique node basally and a straight node distally; reverse in ahydrothecate internodes. All nematothecae bithalamic and movable.</p><p>Female and male gonothecae borne on separate colonies, inserted on apophyses near mamelon by short pedicel; up to three gonothecae per apophysis may be present. Female gonotheca ovoid-shaped, with one convex wall and other straight; aperture lateral in its distal part, oval and closed by a lid. Male gonotheca narrower, long and slightly curved with a tilted latero-terminal opening.</p><p>Remarks. Nemertesia freiwaldi n. sp. resembles N. belini and N. caboverdensis n. sp. because of the presence of several mesial inferior nematothecae in at least some hydrothecate internodes. Moreover, the morphology of the gonothecae described for both species resembles the female gonothecae of N. freiwaldi n. sp. However, several traits separate all three species. Nemertesia freiwaldi n. sp. differs from N. belini because the latter species has several endodermal canals on the hydrocaulus, a characteristic not observed in the former species. In addition, the segmentation pattern of the hydrocladia is quite irregular in N. belini but not in N. freiwaldi n. sp., despite differences in the basal and apical parts of the colony; the position of the hydrotheca in the internodes is different: basal in N. belini versus distal in N. freiwaldi n. sp.; the hydrothecal aperture is clearly tilted in the abcauline direction, and hydrocladial nematothecae are longer in N. belini . Finally, N. freiwaldi n. sp. lacks distal unpaired nematothecae in the hydrothecate internodes. Moreover, N. belini has only one type of gonotheca, despite the presence of numerous gonothecae in the type material.</p><p>The inclination of hydrothecal aperture towards abcauline side, the length of nematothecae, clearly shorter, and the absence of unpaired distal nematothecae differentiate N. freiwaldi n. sp. from N. caboverdensis n. sp. In addition, in the last species only one type of gonotheca, ovoid in shape and with latero-terminal aperture, was reported, whereas in N. freiwaldi n. sp. the female gonothecae are strongly curved with lateral aperture and the male gonothecae are elongated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C0F335046B2C5FFA3866A5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C33335A46B2C3B6A3C5695B.text	03DE879D1C33335A46B2C3B6A3C5695B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch 1885)	<div><p>Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885)</p><p>(Figs. 9, 10, 11; Table 4)</p><p>Antennularia irregularis Quelch, 1885: 8–9, Pl. II fig. 4 (Not Antennularia irregularis Fraser, 1938 = Nemertesia fraseri Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992)</p><p>Antennularia antennina var. à longs articles: Billard, 1901: 71.</p><p>Antennularia antennina var. longa Billard, 1904: 216; 1906b: 210, fig. 15B.</p><p>Antennularia Perrieri var. antennoïdes Billard 1904: 217 .</p><p>Antennularia Perrieri var. antennoïdes; Billard, 1906b: 212; Arévalo &amp; Carretero, 1906: 82, pl. 13 fig. 3; Fey, 1969: 404.</p><p>Antennularia janini Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890: 259, pl. VI figs 9, 9A. (Not Nemertesia janini Lamouroux, 1816 = Nemertesia ramosa Lamouroux, 1816).</p><p>Nemertesia antennina var. irregularis p. p.: Bedot, 1917: 42–43.</p><p>Not Nemertesia irregularis: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992:170–173, fig. 48a; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1995: 52–56, figs 22, 23c [= Nemertesia perrieri (Billard, 1901)].</p><p>Nemertesia antennina: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 163–169, figs. 42A–R, 43A–H (part); Ansín Agís, 1998: 437–456, figs. 59A–F, 60A–F, 61A–E (part); Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 193–200, fig. 76–77 (part) [not Nemertesia antennina (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: four colonies 13–22 mm high, one with male gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, without gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14796–5, ROV, 20°14.823’N, 17°40.178’W, 613 m, 3-XI-2010: one colony 39 mm high, with male gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14871–2, 19°08.344’– 19°08.235’N, 16°45.849’– 16°45.664’W, 427–566 m, 9-XI-2010: two colonies 29 and 41 mm high, one colony with female gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14903–1, GKG, 17°32.853’N, 16°39.700’W, 414 m, 15-XI-2010: two colonies on Lophelia pertusa, one with male gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Gonothecae have been found between May and June [Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Ansín Agís et al. 2001, both as Nemertesia antennina (Linnaeus, 1758)]. In our material, the gonothecae were found in November and December. Some colonies were found growing on L. pertusa .</p><p>Distribution. Nemertesia irregularis is principally known in the East Atlantic from Glénand Archipelago (Brittany, France) (Fey 1969, as N. perrieri var. antennoides), Santander (North Spain) (Arévalo &amp; Carretero 1906, as A. perrieri var. antennoides), Azores (Ansín Agís et al. 2001, as N. antennina), Gulf of Cádiz (Billard 1906b, as Antennularia perrieri var. antennoïdes), various localities off the Atlantic coast of Morocco (Patriti 1970, as N. antennina var. irregularis; Ansín Agís et al. 2001, both as N. antennina), Canary Islands (Billard 1901, 1904, 1906b; Ansín Agís et al. 2001, as N. antennina), Cape Blanc, Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001, as N. antennina) and Cape Verde Islands (type locality) (Quelch 1885). The records of N. irregularis in Japanese waters (Stechow 1909, 1913b; Jäderholm, 1919) should be regarded with caution and need further confirmation.</p><p>This species has been collected from depths of 12 to 2450 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Our material was collected from 414 to 613 m depth.</p><p>Description. Hydrorhiza formed by several stolonal tubules growing attached to L. pertusa corals and supporting monosiphonic and unbranched stems. Hydrocauli divided in internodes by transverse nodes, each one with 1–3 apophyses in the distal part and 1–3 nematothecae below the apophyses.</p><p>This variability in the number of apophyses per internode is due to the different pattern of ramification along the stem. In the basal part, there is one apophysis per internode (fig. 11C), resulting in the hydrocladia being pinnately disposed and alternately directed left and right. Towards the middle of the stem, there are two apophyses per internode, resulting in opposite hydrocladia with decussate disposition. Finally, in the distal part of the colony, the disposition of apophyses is in verticils of three with decussate disposition, resulting in six rows of hydrocladia around the stem. Each apophysis has a pair of nematothecae at its base, one mamelon on the upper surface and one to seven distal nematothecae, including one, two or even three pairs of nematothecae beyond the mamelon; the number of distal nematothecae, together with the length of apophyses, increases along the stem from basal to distal part of the colony.</p><p>First internode of hydrocladia short and ahydrothecate, separated from apophyses by an oblique node, carrying a single nematotheca in its proximal half and two perisarcal rings, one basal and one distal. Remaining hydrocladia composed of a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes separated by oblique nodes. Hydrothecate internodes with strongly oblique basal and almost straight distal nodes; ahydrothecate internodes reverse. Hydrothecate internode with one hydrotheca in mid-basal position and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and two laterals. Hydrothecae small and cup-shaped; adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight, hydrothecal aperture slightly tilted downwards, rim smooth with slight lateral undulation. Ahydrothecate internodes with one or two nematothecae, two being the most common number. All nematothecae bithalamic and movable. Hydrothecate internodes with one perisarcal ring at its base, whereas in ahydrothecate internodes, there are two, one basal and one distal.</p><p>Female and male gonothecae borne on separate colonies, inserted on apophyses near the mamelon by a short pedicel; up to two gonothecae per apophyses may be present. Female gonotheca rounded, narrower in its distal part than at the base, aperture latero-distal, oval-shaped and closed by an operculum attached to the top of the aperture.</p><p>Male gonotheca long, narrow and oval-shaped with terminal and circular aperture.</p><p>Remarks. Nemertesia irregularis was described by Quelch (1885), and this author, in the original description, stated that N. irregularis is characterised by heteronomous segmentation of hydrocladia with ahydrothecate internodes provided with two nematothecae sometimes replaced by two small ahydrothecate internodes each one with one nematothecae, between two consecutive hydrothecate internodes. Billard (1904), in his description of N. perrieri, indicated the existence of ahydrothecate internodes with two nematothecae as the most frequent disposition, but the presence of two ahydrothecate internodes each one with one nematotheca was also described. On the basis of these descriptions, Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) synonymised N. perrieri with N. irregularis and, at the same time, included the varieties of N. antennina and N. perrieri described by Billard (1901, 1904) within N. antennina . Nevertheless, Ansín Agís (1998), after review of the type material of N. irregularis and N. perrieri, stated that, in the former species, the number of nematothecae per ahydrothecate internode varies between one and two nematothecae, but there are always two in the latter species. In addition, in N. irregularis, the lateral nematothecae are clearly longer and show cauline nematothecae under the apophyses, which are lacking in N. perrieri . On the basis of these observations, Ansín Agís (1998) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) reached the conclusion that N. perrieri is different from N. irregularis and represents a valid species, whereas N. irregularis was placed under the synonymy of N. antennina, together with the varieties described by Billard.</p><p>The study of a large amount of Nemertesia material sampled along the Northwest African coast allowed us to verify the existence of morphological differences between male and female gonothecae in this species, which undoubtedly separate the material from N. antennina . In addition, we checked typical colonies of N. antennina collected from Galicia, and we found that the ahydrothecate internodes are always short and provided with only one nematotheca, lateral nematothecae are shorter, cauline nematothecae are absent under the apophyses and the apophyses have similar length all along the hydrocaulus. All these differences, together with the morphology of the male gonotheca, led us to the conclusion that Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885) is a valid and different species of N. antennina . Nemertesia antennina var. longa (Billard, 1904) and Nemertesia perrieri var. antennoides (Billard, 1904) should be placed in its synonymy but not within N. antennina . We also want to highlight that most of the deep-sea material included by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Ansín Agís et al. (2001) within N. antennina belong to N. irregularis .</p><p>Our findings are consistent with those obtained by Moura et al. (2012) after molecular analyses of the genus Nemertesia in the East Atlantic and West Mediterranean, which suggests that the current concept of N. antennina includes a species complex. This could mean that N. antennina represents a shallow-water species replaced by N. irregularis in deep waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C33335A46B2C3B6A3C5695B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C39335A46B2C4DEA7826D28.text	03DE879D1C39335A46B2C4DEA7826D28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia perrieri (Billard 1901)	<div><p>Nemertesia perrieri (Billard, 1901)</p><p>Antennularia Perrieri Billard, 1901: 73; 1906: 211, fig. 15C.</p><p>Nemertesia perrieri: Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 211–215, fig. 82; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 114–115, fig. 22a–c; Vervoort, 2006: 256.</p><p>Nemertesia irregularis: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992:170–173, fig. 48a; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1995: 52–56, figs. 22, 23c [not Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885)]</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: three colonies, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species was collected in bottoms of mixed sand and mud and on concretions of polychaete tubes (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995) and usually provided a suitable substrate for other hydroids (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Colonies with gonothecae have been found between February and May, July and August (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Distribution. Nemertesia perrieri is a Lusitanian species, recorded from Belle-Ile (NW France) to Senegal, including the Mediterranean Sea. In West Africa, N. perrieri was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as N. irregularis; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Canary Islands (Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Senegal (Vervoort 1959). Its bathymetric range extends from 5 to 1387 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). The records of N. perrieri from Sagami Bay, Japan (Stechow 1907, as Antennularia dendritica Stechow, 1907; Stechow 1909, as Antennularia Perrieri) are here considered doubtful and need to be confirmed with new data.</p><p>Our material was collected from a depth of 462 m.</p><p>Remarks. The absence of nematothecae on the hydrocaulus and presence of two nematothecae on the ahydrothecate internodes allowed us to identify this species. The presence of ahydrothecate internodes with only one nematotheca is always related to the process of regeneration of internodes after damage (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C39335A46B2C4DEA7826D28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C39335846B2C0C6A3606A97.text	03DE879D1C39335846B2C0C6A3606A97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumularia filicula Allman 1877	<div><p>Plumularia filicula Allman, 1877</p><p>(Fig. 12D)</p><p>Plumularia filicula Allman, 1877: 29–30, pl. XVIII, fig.1–2; Fraser, 1944: 344–345, pl. LXXIV, fig.332; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 183–186, fig. 47A–E.</p><p>Plumularia cf filicula: Ansín Agís et al., 2014: 804–806, fig. 8.</p><p>Not Plumularia filicula: Hirohito, 1995: 275, fig. 94A; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 393–394, fig. 95C–F.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR 01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: 42 colonies, one colony growing on Nemertesia freiwaldi n. sp., one on Lafoea gracillima, four on Aglaophenia lophocarpa; one colony with gonothecae.</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: two colonies, without gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR07, 18º35´40”N, 16º43´12”W, 460 m, 12-XII-2009: two colonies, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR 20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: eleven colonies, 18–22 mm high, two growing on Lophelia pertusa and one on Polyplumaria flabellata; no gonothecae.</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14886–1, ROV, 18°39.013’– 18°38.476’N, 16°43.580’– 16°43.757’W, 484–640 m, 12-XI- 2010: two colonies 7 mm high, one on Acesta excavata and one on Madrepora oculata; no gonothecae.</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14903–1, GKG, 17°32.853’N, 16°39.700’W, 414 m, 15.XI.2010: one colony 24 mm high, growing on a sponge, without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a polychaete tube (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Fertile material has been collected in June (Allman 1877; Fraser 1944; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>The colonies studied by us were collected from different substrata, such as sponges, hydroids, the corals M. oculata and L. pertusa and the bivalve A. excavata . Gonothecae were recorded for the first time in December.</p><p>Distribution. Plumularia filicula is an amphi-Atlantic species reported from the Ibero-Moroccan Gulf in the East and the coast of USA in the West Atlantic; records in the Pacific Ocean are considered dubious and need further confirmation (Ansín Agís et al. 2014). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992) and Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 146 to 1318 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 405 and 640 m.</p><p>Remarks. Disposition of the hydrocladia in the same plane, the first ahydrothecate internode with one nematotheca, long internodes and morphology of the gonothecae allowed us identify these colonies as P. filicula (see Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C39335846B2C0C6A3606A97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C3B335846B2C793A6F86EB0.text	03DE879D1C3B335846B2C793A6F86EB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Plumularia setacea: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 191–193, fig. 47F–I; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 238–245, fig. 91; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 117–119, fig. 21C–D; Vervoort, 2006: 259; Ansín Agís et al., 2014: 824, fig. 22.</p><p>Material examined. MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR 01, 16º08´24”N, 16º57´12”W, 488 m, 5-XII-2009: six colonies, one colony growing on Lophelia pertusa and two on Aglaophenia lophocarpa; one colony with gonothecae.</p><p>MAURIT-0911, stn MUDR02, 16º08´50”N, 16º57´01”W, 462 m, 5-XII-2009: one colony, no gonothecae .</p><p>MAURIT-1011, stn MUDR20, 16º08´11”N, 16º56´08”W, 405 m, 7-XII-2010: one colony on Nemertesia sp., without gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14801–1, 20°14.762’N, 17°40.173’W, 568 m, 3-XI-2010: three colonies on Aglaophenia lophocarpa, no gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Plumularia setacea usually grows attached to other hydroid species, but it can also colonize a wide range of other substrata (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Fertile material has been found throughout the year (Ansín Agís et al. 2014).</p><p>Our colonies were attached to the hydroids A. lophocarpa and Nemertesia sp. and the scleractinian coral L. pertusa; fertile material has been found in December.</p><p>Distribution. This species has a circumglobal distribution with a bathymetric range from 0 to 1513 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Billard 1906b; Patriti 1970; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), West Sahara (Vervoort 1946), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Islands (Bedot 1921b; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Senegal (Picard 1951), Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989), Ghana (Buchanan 1957), Angola (Broch 1914; Bouillon et al. 1995) and Namibia (Broch 1914; Gili et al. 1989).</p><p>The material studied by us was collected from depths of 405 to 568 m.</p><p>Remarks. This species is well-known and does not require further comments. Schuchert (2014) analysed the genetic diversity within P. setacea by using a set of worldwide samples, and the results suggested a species complex; however, they could also be considered as a single species with an extensive population subdivision.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C3B335846B2C793A6F86EB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C3B335946B2C206A6406B00.text	03DE879D1C3B335946B2C206A6406B00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanularia hincksii Alder 1856	<div><p>Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856</p><p>Campanularia hincksii: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 233–235, fig. 66; Cornelius, 1995b: 229–231, fig. 52; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 28–30; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 138–142, fig. 27A–B.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16-XI-2010: three colonies 10 mm high, one colony growing on Lophelia pertusa, one on a bivalve, one of them with gonothecae .</p><p>MSM 16/3, stn GeoB 14914–1, ROV, 17°08.203’– 17°07.898’N, 16°49.478’– 16°48.878’W, 417–514 m, 17-XI- 2010: six colonies 6–7 mm high, one on Acesta excavata, one on Aglaophenia lophocarpa and three on Sertularella gayi .</p><p>Biology. This species was collected from a wide range of substrates, such as rocks, shell fragments, algae, hydrozoans and other invertebrates; fertile colonies have been found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>Our material was attached to scleractinian corals, bivalves and other hydroid species. Fertile material was found in November.</p><p>Distribution. Campanularia hincksii is a circumglobal species reported from Iceland to South Africa in the East Atlantic (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Billard 1906b; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), Mauritania (Billard 1906b; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Senegal (Vervoort 1959), Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989) and Ghana (Vervoort 1959). Its bathymetric distribution extends from the tidal level to a depth of 1200 m (Leloup 1940; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 417 to 574 m.</p><p>Remarks. This is a well-known species and does not require further comments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C3B335946B2C206A6406B00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
03DE879D1C3A335946B2C6B1A3DF6E4E.text	03DE879D1C3A335946B2C6B1A3DF6E4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia paulensis (Vanhoffen 1910)	<div><p>Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910)</p><p>Clytia paulensis: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 239, fig. 67C–D; Cornelius, 1995b: 258–260, fig. 59; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 39–41; Vervoort, 2006: 271–272; Galea, 2007: 89–90; fig. 20J–L.</p><p>Material examined. MSM 16 /3, stn GeoB 14908–1, ROV, 17°40.213’– 17°40.191’N, 16°40.829’– 16°40.289’W, 463–574 m, 16-XI-2010: two colonies, one of them attached to Acesta excavata; no gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. This species is usually found growing on hydroids and on algae and other invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006; Galea 2007). Fertile material has been found from April to August (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p><p>In our material, one colony was growing on the bivalve A. excavata .</p><p>Distribution. Clytia paulensis is a circumglobal species widely distributed in the East Atlantic, from England to South Africa (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Galea 2007). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Canary Islands (Medel &amp;Vervoort 2000; Vervoort 2006), Cape Verde (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000) and Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989). Its bathymetric range stretches from 0 to 422 m (Ramil 1988; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p><p>Our material was collected from depths of 463 to 574 m, increasing its bathymetric range down to 574 m.</p><p>Remarks. The small hydrothecae and bidentate cups on the hydrothecal border are diagnostic features for the identification of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C3A335946B2C6B1A3DF6E4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran;Agís, José Ansín	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran, Agís, José Ansín (2020): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds. Zootaxa 4878 (3): 412-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2
