identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D18638EB47FF9BFD37FBC3FE45EDF4.text	03D18638EB47FF9BFD37FBC3FE45EDF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alfenus SIMON 1902	<div><p>Alfenus SIMON, 1902</p> <p>(Figs 1–3)</p> <p>Alfenus SIMON, 1902 a: 411. – SIMON 1903 a: 722, 729, 733, 739, f. 868–870; 1903 b: 112. – DIPPENAAR- SCHOEMAN &amp; JOCQUÉ 1997: 264. (Alfenus considered a nomen dubium due to lost type material, p. 264).</p> <p>Type species – Alfenus calamistratus SIMON, 1902 by monotypy.</p> <p>Brief history – The genus was established for A. calamistratus from Congo by SIMON (1902 a) and was based on a single male. Later, SIMON (1903 b) described another species, A. chrysopheus, from Cameroon, also based on just a single male specimen. No females have been described and the holotypes of both species were considered lost (DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN &amp; JOCQUÉ 1997). In our view, the two species are so different, that they may not belong in the same genus. Until more material appear, and especially females, it is impossible to decide whether these species are congeneric. We here include descriptions and illustrations of both species, including the type material.</p> <p>Diagnosis – The type species of the genus (Alfenus calamistratus) has a characteristic hairy appearance (Figs 1C, 2 A-B, 3A-B), which cannot be observed in A. chrysophaeus (either due the poor condition of the specimen (Figs 1B, 3G), or because it is truly lacking). Superficially similar strange hair-features are also present in some Stenaelurillus species (Stenaelurillus hirsutus LESSERT, 1925 and S. cristatus see: WESOŁOWSKA &amp; RUSSELL-SMITH 2000), but Alfenus is clearly different (Figs 2 A-B). The carapace as seen from in front (Fig. 2A) and the copulatory organs (Figs 3 C-D) (tegulum provided with a prolateral ‘lobe’) of A. calamistratus slightly resembles those of Plexippus C. L. KOCH, 1846. However, it can be distinguished from Plexippus by the short and stout tibial apophysis curved invards and by the long and thin embolus. The other species of Alfenus, A. chrysophaeus, has a bifid tibial apophysis and quite different from both A. calamistratus and Plexippus. SIMON (1903 a) placed the genus into his group Plexippeae together with genera such as: Plexippus, Pharacocerus, Malloneta, Dasycyptus, Thiratoscirtus, Pochyta, to mention a few.</p> <p>Description – Large (6.9–9.2) and hairy salticid spiders, with unidentate chelicerae (Figs 1–3). Carapace dark brown, medium height, highest at the PLE’s, which is slightly raised. Chelicerae rather robust, and hairy. Promargin with two small teeth, retromargin with one large tooth. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum brownish. Legs of almost equal length, with dense spination.</p> <p>Copulatory organs – with rather simple structure. Due the questionable placement of A. chrysophaeus it is hard to give a diagnosis which applies to both species (Figs 3 C-F). Tibia with a single, short and stout retrolateral apophysis. Tegulum opaque, sperm duct hardly visible. Embolus length medium to short. Females unknown.</p> <p>Species included – A. calamistratus SIMON, 1902 and A. chrysophaeus SIMON, 1903.</p> <p>Distribution – Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon or Equatorial Guinea. PLATNICK (2005) list A. chrysophaeus from Equatorial Guinea, but SIMON’ s original label say ‘Cameroun’, even though the species was described in a paper with the title ‘Arachnides de la Guinée Espagnole’ (now Equatorial Guinea). The exact origin of the holotype of A. chrysophaeus is therefore uncertain.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB47FF9BFD37FBC3FE45EDF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB44FF9DFDE2FAB6FD50EABA.text	03D18638EB44FF9DFDE2FAB6FD50EABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alfenus calamistratus SIMON 1902	<div><p>Alfenus calamistratus SIMON, 1902</p> <p>(Figs 1A, C, 2 A-F, 3A-D)</p> <p>Alfenus calamistratus SIMON, 1902 a: 411. – SIMON 1903 a: 739.</p> <p>Diagnosis – Tibial apophysis of the palp short and robust (Fig. 3D). The tegulum is also characteristic, with a prolateral outgrowth (Fig. 2D, F).</p> <p>Description – Male: Carapace brown, with many white, brownish-orange hairs (Figs 2 A-B). Ocular area bordered by brown hairs and with two large ‘horns’ consisting of orange and orange-brown setae (Figs 3 A-B). ‘Horns’ situated between PME, their inner side with white basal hairs. In dorsal view, ocular area with a white triangle, lateral sides of carapace covered with white hairs. Eyes with black rings, covered with differently coloured hairs. AME surrounded by orange and white, PME’s and PLE’s surrounded by brown hairs (Figs 2 A-B, 3A-B). Clypeus with brown hairs and a few white ones at the center. Chelicerae robust, dark brown, with many hairs. Gnathocoxae, labium and sternum brown. Leg segments brownish-yellow. Femora with dark spots on yellowish background. Leg I–II with blackish tibia, metatarsi black distally, other leg segments light brown. Leg III–IV paler with dark spots. Abdomen oval, hairy with an unclear pattern on a brownish background.</p> <p>Measurements – Male: total length 9.25. Carapace 4.25 long, 3.25 wide, 1.21 high at PLE. AEW 2.75, PEW 2.25, OCA 1.35 long. Abdomen 4.25 long 2.55 wide.</p> <p>Palp (Figs 3 C-D) – All palpal segments covered with thick, white, retrolateral brushes of hairs. Tibia with a strong short black retrolateral apophysis. Tegulum strongly sclerotized, sperm ducts not visible. Embolus moderately long, thin, and whip-like.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Distribution – Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p> <p>Material examined – Type material: Alfenus calamistratus SIMON, 1902, holotype (examined), male from Congo. Handwritten labels in tube: “22084 Alfenus calamistratus E. S., Congo (Blaise)”; “22084” (MNHN 22084).</p> <p>Other material: 1 male from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Méya, HSZE Nr 39: 29.X. 1963, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, “singled in apartment, on walls, around house, in plam [sic!]-roof” [probably palm-roof] (HNHM SALT395).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB44FF9DFDE2FAB6FD50EABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB42FF9CFDE3FBFCFB39EE28.text	03D18638EB42FF9CFDE3FBFCFB39EE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alfenus chrysophaeus SIMON 1903	<div><p>Alfenus chrysophaeus SIMON, 1903</p> <p>(Figs 1B, 2 G-H, 3E-G)</p> <p>Alfenus calamistratus SIMON, 1903 b: 112; SIMON 1903 a: 722.</p> <p>Diagnosis – Male palp with a short tibial apophysis, wide at base. Embolus short, with a membraneous basal part. Male holotype: Holotype pale, probably due to many years in ethanol. Carapace brownish, ocular area yellowish. The hairy appearance characteristic for the type species of the genus, Alfenus calamistratus, is not observable, moreover there is no hairs on the carapace. Chelicera with two smaller prolateral and one larger retrolateral teeth. Abdomen oval, covered with hairs, with brownish arrow-shaped pattern on a whitish background. Legs almost equal in length, the forelegs brownish, hind legs yellowish with darker stripes.</p> <p>Measurements – Male: total length 6.9. Carapace 3.25 long, 2.25 wide, 1.63 high at PLE. AEW 2.3, PEW 2.0, OCA 1.6 long. Abdomen 3.25 long, 1.65 wide.</p> <p>Palp – With simple structure (Figs 3 E-F). Tibia with short apophysis. Bulbus weakly sclerotized (in contrast to A. calamistratus), sperm ducts visible. Embolus short, with a membranous basal part. The palp of this species is so different from A. calamistratus that we are in doubt about the generic placement (Figs 2D, F, H). However, we have currently no suggestiuon for alternative placement of this species.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Distribution – Cameroon / Equatorial Guinea (see discussion under genus).</p> <p>Material examined – Type material: Male holotype (examined): “21994 Alf. chrysophaeus E.</p> <p>S: Cameroun (la Escaul.)”; “21994” (MNHN 21994). chrysophaeus G = male holotype, ventral view, H= palp of the holotype, dorsal view</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB42FF9CFDE3FBFCFB39EE28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB40FF9EFDC5FE40FB46ECF4.text	03D18638EB40FF9EFDC5FE40FB46ECF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pellolessertia STRAND 1929	<div><p>Pellolessertia STRAND, 1929</p> <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p>Avakubia LESSERT, 1927: 440</p> <p>Pellolessertia STRAND, 1929: 14 – nom. nov. pro Avakubia LESSERT, 1927 non Avakubia PILSBRY, 1919 (Mollusca); PRÓSZYŃSKI 1984: 169.</p> <p>Type species – Avakubia castanea LESSERT, 1927 by monotypy.</p> <p>paces</p> <p>Brief history – The genus was established for Avakubia castanea from Congo. The generic name was preoccupied by a mollusc genus (Avakubia PILSBRY, 1919), so it was replaced with Pellolessertia STRAND, 1929. Although the genus seems to be well represented in several collections (e.g. Tervuren, London, New York according to PRÓSZYŃSKI 2003) it is not very well documented. For example, the male is still known by the original description only. To provide new data and illustrations, a detailed description of a male from Cameroon is given.</p> <p>Diagnosis and relationships – This genus is characterised by the very long third femur (Fig. 4C) and by the typical carapace shape, which is extraordinary wide (Fig. 4D). Carapace highest at PLE-s, which form a remarkable hump (Figs 4 C-E). The long third femur is characteristic also for the so-called pellenid (Pelleninae sensu PRÓSZYŃSKI 1976) genera such as Pellenes SIMON, 1876, Neaetha SIMON, 1882, Bianor PECKHAM et PECKHAM, 1885, Monomotapa WESOŁOWSKA, 1999, etc. (see GRISWOLD 1987, LOGUNOV 1996, 2001 a for further details). It seems that Pellolessertia belongs there, moreover its copulatory organs are also similar to those of pellenids (phylogenetic relationships are discussed in detail by GRISWOLD 1987): epigyne with blind ending central pocket, embolus short, originating from prolateral side of bulb. However, Pellolessertia differs from the other pellenids by having two tibial apophyses on the male palp: one retrolateral and one dorsal (Fig. 4B). The most similar genus to Pellolessertia seems to be Monomotapa WESOŁOWSKA, 2000 from Zimbabwe, which could be distinguished by the smaller tibial apophysis, and the retrolateral, basal, cymbial outgrown.</p> <p>The genus includes only one species, the description is the same as type species description.</p> <p>Copulatory organs – rather simple. Two tibial apophyses, short and stout. Retrolateral apophysis large, strongly sclerotized, slightly curved outside, dorsal apophysis brownish, like a pointed hump. Tegulum pale at central part, embolus wide, short and stout. Female epigyne illustrated by PRÓSZYŃSKI (1984).</p> <p>Species included – Pellolessertia castanea (LESSERT, 1927).</p> <p>Distribution – The genus was described from the former Zaďre (Avakubi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1°20’N, 27°34’E), and is recorded now from Cameroon. DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN and JOCQUÉ (1997) give the distribution range as Zaďre to Ethiopia, without further specification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB40FF9EFDC5FE40FB46ECF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB41FF90FD81F9B6FC13EAB4.text	03D18638EB41FF90FD81F9B6FC13EAB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pellolessertia castanea (LESSERT 1927)	<div><p>Pellolessertia castanea (LESSERT, 1927)</p> <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p>Avakubia castanea LESSERT, 1927: 412–414.</p> <p>Pellolessertia castanea (LESSERT, 1927): STRAND 1929: 14; PRÓSZYŃSKI 1984: 169.</p> <p>Diagnosis – The species is characterized by the two tibial apophyses of the palp (Fig 4B). The embolus short and wide (Fig 4A).</p> <p>Diagnosis – Male: Large and hairy spiders, with a characteristic carapace shape (Fig. 4D). Carapace yellowish chestnut-brown, covered with white hairs. Thoracic region also yellowish brown, covered sparsely with white hairs. Chelicerae darker, rather hairy, delicate, clypeus with a dense white moustache. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum yellowish brown. Legs almost equal for habitus drawings in length, except for third femur, which is noticeably longer (Fig. 4D, E). Legs with darker tibiae and metatarsi. Tarsi yellowish with darker longitudinal black stripes. Spination: metatarsus I with two ventral pairs and two lateral pairs (a proximal and a distal pair) of spines. Tibia I with four pairs ventral and two lateral pairs of spines. All patellae with a lateral pair of spines (a pro- and retrolateral piece). All spines fine and long. Palpal femur with one dorsal spine.</p> <p>Measurements – Male: total length 6.05. Carapace 2.75 long, 2.5 wide, 1.75 high at PLE. AEW 2.25, PEW 2.35, OCA 1.5 long. Abdomen 3.25 long 1.85 wide.</p> <p>Palp – simple (Figs 4 A-B). All palpal segments covered with thick, white, retrolateral brushes and long fine brown prolateral hairs. Tibia with a strong short black apophysis. Tegulum sclerotized, with a paler central area, sperm duct visible. Embolus straight, short and stout.</p> <p>Female: see LESSERT 1927, PRÓSZYŃSKI 1984.</p> <p>Distribution – Republic of the Congo and Cameroon.</p> <p>Material examined – Cameroon: 1 male from “ Reserve forêstière de Makak (Campement</p> <p>Despierres), 12–23.VIII.1949, leg. J. BIRKET-SMITH (ZMUC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB41FF90FD81F9B6FC13EAB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB4FFF92FDE2FBF6FE0DEBB4.text	03D18638EB4FFF92FDE2FBF6FE0DEBB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saraina WANLESS et CLARK 1975	<div><p>Saraina WANLESS et CLARK, 1975</p> <p>(Figs 5–6)</p> <p>Saraina WANLESS et CLARK, 1975: 288, DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN et JOCQUÉ 1997: 264.</p> <p>Type species – S. rubrofasciata WANLESS et CLARK, 1975 by monotypy.</p> <p>Brief history – The genus Saraina was established by WANLESS and CLARK in 1975 for Saraina rubrofasciata. The description was based on five females from Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon. No further specimens of this genus has been reported until several other females were discovered in the Republic of the Congo. The specimens possess characteristic dense leg spination and colour pattern (see Figs 5A, C and WANLESS &amp; CLARK 1975: fig. 23): abdomen light greyish-brown, with three orange longitudinal stripes. Several males with this abdominal pattern have been found in the same material suggesting their conspecifity with S. rubrofasciata.</p> <p>Diagnosis and relationships – Representatives of the genus can be recognised by the dense spination of the legs (Figs 5 A-B), and the unique copulatory organs (Figs 5 E-G). Epigyne of females with two bent sclerotized structures (Figs 6 A-B), male palp with tegulum much wider than high, embolus base at the prolateral side (Fig. 5G). Embolus originating on prolateral side of tegulum, curved upward between cymbium and tegulum, reemerging in front, then strongly curved into cymbial groove (Fig. 5G).</p> <p>As WANLESS and CLARK (1975) and DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN and JOCQUÉ (1997) already pointed out, the relationships of this genus are unclear, because the copulatory organs are so unique and there isn’t another genus known with similar structures.</p> <p>same, prolateral view. Scales 0.1 mm for palps, 1.0 mm for habitus drawings</p> <p>Diagnosis – The genus includes only one species, the description is the same as type species description.</p> <p>Copulatory organs – Male palp with a remarkable shape (Figs 5 E-G). Tibia with three apophyses. Embolus long, thin, whip-like, originates the prolateral side, directed towards the inside of cymbium. Female epigyne (Figs 6 A-B) with two central, bent, sclerotized structure. Sperm ducts coiled.</p> <p>Species included – Saraina rubrofasciata WANLESS et CLARK, 1975</p> <p>Distribution – West and Central Africa: Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Nigeria and Republic of the Congo.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB4FFF92FDE2FBF6FE0DEBB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB4DFF95FE5DFCF6FB96ECDF.text	03D18638EB4DFF95FE5DFCF6FB96ECDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saraina rubrofasciata WANLESS et CLARK 1975	<div><p>Saraina rubrofasciata WANLESS et CLARK, 1975</p> <p>(Figs 5–6)</p> <p>Saraina rubrofasciata WANLESS et CLARK, 1975: 288.</p> <p>Diagnosis – The species can be recognised by the unique copulatory organs. Tibia of the male palp with three apophyses (Fig. 5 E-G). Embolus long, thin, whip-like. It originates at the prolateral side and is directed towards the inside of cymbium (Fig. 5G). Epigyne of females with two bent sclerotized structures (Fig. 6A), sperm duct coiled (Fig. 6B).</p> <p>Description – Male: Medium-sized spiders with fissident chelicerae. Carapace moderately high (Fig. 5B), dark brown, densely covered with greyish- to whitish hairs. Ocular area less densely covered, with black tegument, thoracic region with a whitish longitudinal band. Face yellowish (contrast to the dark tegument of the carapace). Clypeus white hairs comprising a sparse “moustache”. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum pale yellow. Abdomen greyish, with three orange-brownish longitudinal stripes on dorsum, pale yellow on venter. As most of the colour pattern described above is composed of hairs, which easily come off, older individuals or specimens in poor condition are slightly different. Legs equal in length, all segments pale yellow, with several stripes composed of white- and black hairs. Legs with dense spination, spines fine and long. First metatarsus with four pairs of spines, two pairs basally two distally. Metatarsus of leg II with a distal wreath of spines, which is usually present only in leg II–IV by other salticids. Tibia with eight pairs of spines. Patella with a pair of lateral spines (one pro- and one retrolateral spine). Femur I the shortest, femora III–IV the longest almost equal in length. Femora with dense spination also; the central row of spines (comprised of usually three spines) accompanied with two lateral rows of spines (they are more conspicuous on leg III–IV than the first two legs). The distal part of femur with 5–6 spines in a transverse row.</p> <p>Measurements – Total length 3.94. Carapace 2.45 long, 2.05 wide, 1.5 high at PLE. AEW 1.95, PEW 1,64. OCA 1.35 long. Abdomen 2.45 long, 2.0 wide.</p> <p>Palp – Palpal tibia with three apophyses, one small, strongly sclerotized, pointed and curved at the distal edge of tibia(Figs 5 E-G). The others found more basally, and are wider, more blunt and less sclerotized. Coloured as tibia. Tegulum much wider than high, with a retrolateral concavity. Embolus base at the prolateral, granulated side of tegulum. Embolus directed towards behind the tegulum.</p> <p>Female: Carapace tegument lighter than that of males (Fig. 5C), also with greyish- to whitish median hairs. Carapace lateral with orange brown hairs. Ocular area less densely covered with hairs, thoracic region with a whitish longitudinal band. Face pale yellowish (contrasting with dark tegument of the carapace). Clypeus with strong setae. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum pale yellow. All leg segments pale yellow, densely covered with spines.</p> <p>Abdomen greyish, with three orange-brownish longitudinal stripes on dorsum (Fig. 5C).</p> <p>Measurements – Total length 8.7, carapace 3.2 long, 2.25 wide at PLE, 1.75 high at PLE. AEW 2.05, PEW 1,9. OCA 1.5 long. Abdomen length 4.5, width 3.32.</p> <p>Epigyne – relatively complex, with two bent sclerotized structures (Fig. 6A). Spermducts long, longer than three times the diameter of spermathecae and coiled (Fig. 6B).</p> <p>Distribution – West and Central Africa: Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Nigeria and Republic of the Congo.</p> <p>Material examined – Republic of the Congo: 1 male, 1 female from Lefini Reserve, Nambouli river, gallery river, HSZE Nr 597, 7.I.1964, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, beaten from bushes of forest on looser, lighter sites (WU); 1 male from Lefini Reserve, Nambouli river, gallery river, HSZE Nr 660, 12.I.1964, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, beaten from bushes of forest (HNHM SALT405); 2 males from Brazzaville, ORSTOM park, HSZE Nr 11, 19.X.1963, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, beaten from trees and shrubs of park, mostly from border of woods (HNHM SALT406); 1 female, Kindamba, Méya, surroundings of Adam cave, HSZE Nr 121, 7.XI.1963, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, beaten from bushes overhanging dried-out brooklet (HNHM SALT391); 1 male from Brazzaville, Djoué river, HSZE Nr 37, 27.X.1963, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, soil traps on banks of brooklet, 5 traps for 3 days (HNHM SALT385); 1 male, Kindamba, Méya, Loulo river, HSZE Nr 160, 11.XI.1963, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, netted and singled material from low vegetation (HNHM SALT407).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB4DFF95FE5DFCF6FB96ECDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB4AFF97FDDCF9D0FD02EB99.text	03D18638EB4AFF97FDDCF9D0FD02EB99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenaelurillus SIMON 1886	<div><p>Stenaelurillus SIMON, 1886</p> <p>(Figs 7–9)</p> <p>Stenaelurillus SIMON 1886: 351; 1901: 71; 1902 b: 37; 1906: 1174; LESSERT 1925: 478, f. 64–65; 1927: 433, f. 18; REIMOSER 1934: 504, f. 25–26; CAPORIACCO 1936: 79; 1939: 374, f. 24; 1940: 859, f. 51; BERLAND &amp; MILLOT 1941: 313, f. 14.; CAPORIACCO 1949: 474, f. 89a-b; DENIS 1966: 114, f. 15–17; CLARK 1974: 12 PRÓSZYŃSKI 1984: 138–139; SONG &amp; CHAI 1991: 25, f. 16A-D; PRÓCHNIEWICZ &amp; HĘCIAK 1994: 39, f. 7a-k, 8a-e; PENG 1995: 36, f. 6–12; SONG et al. 1999: 560, f. 317L-N, 318C, 329O; WESOŁOWSKA &amp; RUSSELL-SMITH 2000: 96–102, f 269–289; LOGUNOV 2001 b: 66, f. 27–30.</p> <p>Philotherus THORELL, 1895: 381.</p> <p>Philotheroides STRAND, 1934: 275 – nom. nov. pro Philotherus THORELL, 1895 non Philotherus GRAY, 1855 (Aves).</p> <p>Type species – Stenaelurillus nigricaudus SIMON, 1886.</p> <p>Brief history – The genus Stenaelurillus was established by SIMON in 1886 to accommodate three salticid species from Senegal (Stenaelurillus nigricauda SIMON, 1886), Algeria (Stenaelurillus nigritarsus SIMON, 1886) and Tibet (Stenaelurillus triguttatus SIMON, 1886). All three species was described on the same page (SIMON, 1886: p. 43) and even though SIMON (1886) did not specifically establish Stenaelurillis nigricauda as the type species of the genus, this species was the first species on the page to be described and the description of this species was more detailed than for the others. Later in his monograph (SIMON 1903 a) he mentioned S. nigricauda as type species of the genus. The original descriptions of SIMON (1886) mentioned only males (for all the three species) although mature female is present in both vials. Later specimens identified as Stenaelurillus nigricauda were illustrated by BERLAND and MILLOT (1941; male and female habitus, and male palp, ventral view). We examined the type material of Stenaelurillus nigricauda SIMON, 1886 and Stenaelurillus nigritarsis SIMON, 1886 and hereby provide illustrations and redescription of Stenaelurillus nigricaudus. We also formally suggest that Stenaelurillus nigritarisis is a junior synonym of Stenaelurillus nigricauda (see discussion later).</p> <p>Diagnosis – All known Stenaelurillus species have two white longitudinal stripes on the carapace (Fig. 7C). Ocular area with strong bristles, present in both sexes. Male palp with a short, more or less straight, not coiled, visible embolus (Figs 7A, D). Tegular apophysis is visible, simple, finger-like, and situated some distance from embolus (Figs 7B, E).</p> <p>Copulatory organs – Tegulum with characteristic retrobasal process or lobe (Figs 7A, D). Tibial apophysis simple, strongly sclerotized. PRÓCHNIEWICZ and HĘCIAK (1994) described another apophysis that should be characteristic for the genus. This apophysis is “broad, positioned dorso-laterally, and covered with short, strong hairs”. It seems to be present in S. kronestedti PRÓCHNIEWICZ et HĘCIAK, 1994; S. fuscatus WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000 and S. darwini WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000, but missing in S. cristatus WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000, and S. mirabilis WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000 (to mention a few). This kind of tibial apophysis can also be found in representatives of Langelurillus PRÓCHNIEWICZ, 1994 (e.g. L. difficilis WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000; L. manifestus WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000). The male palp of Stenaelurillus in general is rather similar to that of Microheros WESOŁOWSKA et CUMMING, 1999.</p> <p>Female epigyne is simple, with thick-walled copulatory openings. Copulatory ducts short (in Microheros they are long), often with accessory glands.</p> <p>Species included – Stenaelurillus now include 22 species (PLATNICK 2005).</p> <p>Distribution – Africa, Asia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB4AFF97FDDCF9D0FD02EB99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
03D18638EB49FF8AFD86FE40FCC2EB29.text	03D18638EB49FF8AFD86FE40FCC2EB29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenaelurillus nigricaudus SIMON 1886	<div><p>Stenaelurillus nigricaudus SIMON, 1886</p> <p>(Figs 7 A-C, 8)</p> <p>S. nigricauda SIMON, 1886: 351.</p> <p>S. nigritarsis SIMON, 1886: 351 syn. n.</p> <p>S. nigritarsis: CAPORIACCO, 1936: 79.</p> <p>S. nigricauda: BERLAND &amp; MILLOT, 1941: 313, fig 14.</p> <p>S. nigritarsis: CLARK, 1974:</p> <p>Synonymy – The new synonymy was already suggested by CLARK (1974), although not formally established. He also noticed that one of the two females together with S. nigritarsis holotype represent another species (Stenaelurillus sp. and Phlegra bresnieri (LUCAS, 1846). SIMON described only the males of S. nigricaudus and S. nigritarsis. We compared the male palps of the type specimens and found them identical. We therefore suggest that S. nigritarsis is a junior synonym of S. nigricaudus. The females in the vials of S. nigricaudus and S. nigritarsis, however, have clearly different epigynes. CLARK (1974) suggested that the difference could reflect individual variation within the species, but in our opinion it could also reflect wrongly associated sexes. Additional females specimens found together with a S. nigricaudus male, also differ from each other and from the above mentioned females. Thus, matching males and females correctly are still problematic and must await discovery of more material. Females in holotype vial may not be conspecific.</p> <p>Diagnosis – The species can easily be recognized by the shape and length of embolus: embolus with blunt tip and of medium length. Since the matching female of the species still in doubt, we cannot give diagnosis for the females.</p> <p>Male holotype: Specimen in fair condition, but rather pale due to many years of storage in ethanol. Carapace reddish brown with two longitudinal stripes in the thoracic area, legs yellowish. Abdomen, with a poorly sclerotized reddish-brown scutum. Spinnerets pale yellow, with a black tip. Male from Gambia: specimen in good condition, carapace brown ocular area black. Thoracic area with two longitudinal white stripes, legs yellowish, densely covered with black hairs. Abdomen with three longitudinal stripes: the middle one is black, the lateral are white. Spinnerets yellow, with a black tip (Fig. 7C).</p> <p>Measurements – Total length 4.0, carapace 2.0 long, 1.3 wide and 0.85 high at the PLE. Abdomen 2.0 long and 1.4 wide. AEW 1.17, PEW 1.1, OCA 0.78 long.</p> <p>Male palp, with a slightly bent retrolateral tibial apophysis. Embolus of medium length and with a blunt tip.</p> <p>Female from Dakar: Condition like male, but abdomen slightly damaged. Carapace reddish-brown, with two longitudinal whitish stripes on the lateral side of carapace, and two longitudinal stripes in the thoracic area. Abdomen damaged and dorsal pattern therefore difficult to reconstruct.</p> <p>Measurements – Total length 5.5, carapace 2.25 long, 1.63 wide and 1.0 high. Abdomen 3.0 long and 2.25 wide. AEW 1.25, PEW 1.25, OCA 0.75 long.</p> <p>Epigyne – is similar to that of S. kronestedti PRÓCHNIEWICZ et HĘCIAK, 1994, but spermathecae are situated in front of copulatory openings. Vulva was not examined, due to lack of non-type material. However it must be emphasized there is no evidence, this female belongs to S. nigricaudus.</p> <p>Distribution – Known from Senegal (Dakar) and Algeria (Bou Saada) and Gambia (Kiang West National Park).</p> <p>Material examined – Type material: Stenaelurillus nigricauda SIMON, 1886, holotype (examined), male from Senegal. Handwritten labels in tube: “7032 Stenae nigricauda E. S., Dakar (Bl.)”; “7032” “TYPUS? M.E. GALIANO IX. 1959 ”. (MNHN 7032) [an adult female Stenaelurillus specimen also present in the tube however it is not mentioned in the original description, and therefore not type material]; Stenaelurillus nigritarsis SIMON, 1886, holotype (examined), male from Alegeria, Bou-Saada. Handwritten labels in tube: “5415 Stenae nigritarsis E. S. B.Saada Marnio !” “5415” [2 adult females – one Phlegra bresnieri (LUCAS, 1846) and one Stenaelurillus specimen – and 1 juvenile also present in the tube – however they are not mentioned in the original description, and are therefore not type material.]</p> <p>Other material: 1 male from Gambia, Kiang West National Park, leg: L. LAJOS, X. 2001, det: T. SZŰTS.</p> <p>Stenaelurillus cristatus WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000</p> <p>(Figs 7 D-E, 9)</p> <p>Stenaelurillus cristatus WESOŁOWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000: 96, f. 261–268.</p> <p>Diagnosis – The species can easily be recognized by the peculiar and strongly hirsute appearance of males and by the pin-shaped tibial apophysis of the male palp.</p> <p>Description – Male: Carapace reddish-brown (Fig. 9A), without distinct longitudinal white stripes, ocular area hairy. In dorsal view, the hairy field brownish, extend from the second legs until the front eyes (Fig. 9B). As seen from the frontal view (Fig. 9C), the hairs below anterior eyes are black. Between the black stripes, the hairs are filled with air, working as a prisma, therefore rainbow coloured. Abdomen reddish-brow, with a reddish scutum and with three white dots on the dorsum.</p> <p>Measurements – Total length 4.95, carapace 2.63 long, 1.63 wide and 2.13 high. Abdomen 2.13 long 1.50 wide. AEW 1.61, PEW 1.5, OCA 0.84 long.</p> <p>Palp – Densely covered with white (prolateral side) and black (retrolateral side) hairs. Tibia with a straight pointed apophysis. Retrolateral side of the cymbium covered with thick strong setae. Embolus blunt almost hidden behind the tegular apophysis (Figs 7 D-E, 9D).</p> <p>Female: See WESOŁOWSKA &amp; RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000: 96, f. 266–268.</p> <p>Distribution – Known from Tanzania (Mkomazi Game Reserve – type locality) and Ghana (Banda-Nkwanta).</p> <p>Material examined: Two males from Banda-Nkwanta, Ghana, 1–14.vii.1965, abandoned yams field, pitfall trap, ENDRŐDY-YOUNGA leg. (HNHM 397).</p> <p>*</p> <p>Acknowledgements – We are grateful Dr WANDA WESOŁOWSKA for the fruitful discussions about the salticid taxonomy, and her help getting old/rare literature, and the valuable remarks on the earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank for her support during a short, but fruitful visit to the Wrocław University during the autumn of 2002 for T. SZŰTS. We would like to thank Dr CHRISTINE ROLLARD (Musée national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris), for giving access to the collection. This study was supported by a grant from the European Commission’s programme “Transnational Access to Major Research Infrastructures” to COL-PARSYST, which made possible a three-week visit in the Musée national d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris (in 2001 and 2005), to COBICE and SYNTHESYS for two months in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (in 2001) for the first author. We would like to thank Drs D. LOGUNOV and W. WESOŁOWSKA for their valuable comments to an earlier version of this manuscript.</p> <p>This study was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA 038319) and the Danish Natural Science Research Council (21020502). ANDRÁS KUN gave useful advice concerning the digital photos, MIHÁLY FÖLDVÁRI translated the French text and Dr BRIAN TAYLOR helped to locate African collecting sites, we highly appreciate their help.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18638EB49FF8AFD86FE40FCC2EB29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Szűts, T.;Scharff, N.	Szűts, T., Scharff, N. (2005): Redescriptions Of Little Known Jumping Spider Genera (Araneae: Salticidae) From West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357-378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12586019
