identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D0192DD569D91E3EF37F2BFB408834.text	03D0192DD569D91E3EF37F2BFB408834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sonerila longipedunculata Resmi & Nampy	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sonerila longipedunculata Resmi &amp; Nampy sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77214918-1 Figs 1–3, 4A 1–G1</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Morphologically similar to  S. travancorica in having caulescent habit, densely pubescent, long petiolate leaves, densely glandular-pubescent hypanthium and abaxially glandular-hairy petals, but differs by its tuberous root stock (vs non-tuberous in  S. travancorica ), fleshy stems with whitish or claret coloured bristles (vs woody stems with long, dense white hairs), 2–4-cm-long internodes (vs 2.5–6.5-cm-long internodes), 5–9-cm-long petioles with dense bristles (vs 2–7-cm-long petioles with long, dense hairs), ovate to cordate lamina with serrate margins (vs ovate to elliptic lamina with serrulate margins), 10–16-cm-long, angular peduncles (vs 3–6-cm-long, terete peduncles), 3-ribbed hypanthium (vs 6-ribbed hypanthium), ovate-elliptic petals with acute to mucronate apex (vs ovate to broadly ovate petals with mucronate or emarginate apex), acute anthers (vs acuminate to rostrate anthers) and 3-ribbed capsules (vs 6-ribbed capsules). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The epithet ‘  longipedunculata ʼ refers to the characteristically long peduncle of the inflorescence of the new species. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> Type</p>
            <p> INDIA • Kerala, Wayanad district,  Banasura hills ,  Kattukunnu ; ca 1000 m a.s.l.; growing under wet rocks in grassy slopes; 13 Aug. 2017; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 151222; holotype: CALI!; isotype: MH!. </p>
            <p>Additional material</p>
            <p>  INDIA • Kerala, Wayanad district,  Banasura hills ,  Kattukunnu ; ca 1000 m a.s.l.; on humus-covered soil and rock crevices; 8 Oct. 2017; Resmi S., Dani Francis &amp; Aswathy Ganga 151239; CALI  !. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Erect or procumbent perennial herbs, 10–30 cm tall. Root stocks tuberous; tubers globose, 1–1.5 cm in diameter, white to pale green, covered by tufts of roots. Stems sub-terete with shallow grooves arising from axils of each pair of leaves, 3–5 mm thick, fleshy, claret coloured, with 2 or 3 branches occasionally developing from distal nodes; internodes 2–4 cm long; nodes densely glandular- or eglandular-hairy. Leaves simple, decussate; petioles adaxially grooved or canaliculated, 5–9 × 0.1–0.2 cm, claret coloured with dense glandular or eglandular bristles; laminae ovate, basal ones cordate to broadly ovate, 3–6 × 3–6 cm, dark green adaxially, claret coloured abaxially, cordate or sub-rounded at base with nonoverlapping or overlapping margins (basal ones), obtuse or rounded at apex, serrate at margins with each tooth ending in terminal eglandular trichome, bullate when mature, with eglandular bristles densely on adaxial surface and on midrib and lateral veins abaxially; veins pinnate, 1–2 pairs from base and 2–3 pairs from above, less branched, impressed adaxially, conspicuous abaxially. Cymes scorpioid of 6–14 flowers in two rows, terminal, unbranched; peduncles angular, 10–16 × 0.15–0.2 cm, longer than petiole, densely glandular-pubescent; bracts caducous. Flowers 1–1.6 × 1–1.5 cm; pedicels terete, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, longer in fruit, claret coloured, densely glandular-pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, 3-lobed, 3-ribbed, claret coloured with greenish tinge distally, densely glandular-pubescent; lobes triangular, 1–2 × 1–2 mm, acute at apex. Petals 3, ovate to elliptic, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, pale pink with darker midrib, obtuse to rounded at base, acute to mucronate at apex, glabrous adaxially, with glandular trichomes on midrib abaxially. Stamens 3, alternate to petals; filaments 4–5 mm long, pale pink, glabrous, dilated and twisted downwards; anthers sagittate to deeply cordate at base, acute at apex, 4–5 mm long, yellow, dehiscing through apical pores. Ovary inferior, 2–2.5 × 2–3 mm; style filiform, 8–9 mm long, pale pink, dark towards apex, longer than stamen; stigma capitate, pink, rugose, glabrous. Capsules urceolate, 5–9 × 3–3.5 mm, claret coloured or green with claret tinge, 3-ribbed, with sparse bristly trichomes. Seeds many, obovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm long, pale brown; raphe prominent, excurrent; testa densely tuberculate throughout.</p>
            <p>Phenology</p>
            <p> Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov. was collected with flowers and fruits from September to October. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat</p>
            <p> The new taxon is presently known only from a small area in the Kattukunnu of Banasura hills within the South Wayanad forest division (Fig. 1), where it has been growing under wet rocks on grassy slopes at an elevation of ca 1000 m. Although no detailed ecological studies have been undertaken,  S. longipedunculata sp. nov. appears to be restricted to shaded rocky outcrops and is likely to occur in areas where a specific combination of light intensity and moisture prevails, such as vertical, mosscovered rocks or rock crevices, as is the case for many species of  Sonerila . It is found in association with  S. raghaviana Ratheesh, Sunil, Nandakumar &amp; Shaju , species of grass (  Poaceae Barnhart ),  Mitracarpus Zucc. (  Rubiaceae Juss. ),  Selaginella P.Beauv. (  Selaginellaceae Willk. ) and several mosses. </p>
            <p>Provisional conservation status</p>
            <p> Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov. is known from a single population in the type locality with about 60 mature individuals. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is less than 10 km 2. No anthropogenic threat was detected as the area falls under a protected forest. However, this area is prone to landslides due to heavy rain, which has occurred in previous years. The habitat has been affected by climate-induced draught after the unexpected floods in 2018 and 2019. We suggest the status of  S. longipedunculata sp. nov. as Critically Endangered (CR) B1ab(ii) + B2ab(ii) according to IUCN (2019) criteria. </p>
            <p>Notes</p>
            <p> The new species is remarkable by the presence of a tuberous root stock (Fig. 2 C–E), a feature seen in some of the South Indian caulescent species of  Sonerila that is apparently absent in Sri Lankan species (Lundin 1983), but also reported in species from the Malay Peninsula, Vietnam and Cambodia (Ridley 1912; Pham 2003; Cho et al. 2015; Van Dang et al. 2016). These tubers, with the arrival of the monsoon, produce new stem and tufts of roots. The species of  Sonerila from India are mostly pedunculate (with terete or angular peduncles) and rarely sub-sessile. The longer peduncles (10–16 cm) and petioles (5–9 cm) further distinguish the new species, and these traits are not described in any other caulescent herbaceous species, other than the suffrutescent or woody species of Indian  Sonerila .  Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov. has fleshy and simple stems, which occasionally branch at distal nodes and become procumbent with roots arising from many points along the stem basally, when grown in the greenhouse.  Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov. is also similar to  S. raghaviana Ratheesh, Sunil, Nandakumar &amp; Shaju described by Narayanan et al. (2014) in the hair pattern and floral features, but differs from it by the plants being caulescent (vs acaulescent/ scapigerous). A comparison of diagnostic characters between  S. longipedunculata sp. nov. and  S. travancorica is provided in Table 1. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0192DD569D91E3EF37F2BFB408834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Resmi, Sekarathil;Nampy, Santhosh	Resmi, Sekarathil, Nampy, Santhosh (2021): Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov., a new species of Melastomataceae from the southern Western Ghats, India, with additional notes and lectotypification of Sonerila travancorica. European Journal of Taxonomy 733: 160-174, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1231
03D0192DD56FD9113D627C8EFB46899C.text	03D0192DD56FD9113D627C8EFB46899C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sonerila travancorica Bedd.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sonerila travancorica Bedd.</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 4A 2–G2, 5–7</p>
            <p> Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis: or Plates and Descriptions of New and Rare Plants, from Southern India and Ceylon: 33, tab. 156 (Beddome 1871). –  Type: INDIA • Kerala, Attraymallay ghat/ Travancore; s.d.; Beddome 3023 &amp; 3022; lectotype: here designated, BM [BM000944457]! (digital image); isolectotype: BM [BM000793170]! (digital image) . </p>
            <p> Sonerila longipetiolata Josephine, Manickam, Murugan, Sundaresan &amp; Jothi ,  Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 100 (1): 81 (Josephine et al. 2003) syn. nov. –   Type: INDIA • Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district,  Muthukuzhivayal path ; 22 Dec. 1999; V. Sundaresan &amp; M.M. Josephine 20104; holotype: XCH  !. </p>
            <p>Additional material</p>
            <p>  INDIA • Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram Dist.,  Athirumala ; 6 Feb. 1988; N. Mohanan 9407; TBGT  •  ibid.; 6 Feb. 1988; N. Mohanan 9454; TBGT •  ibid.; 18 Jan. 1993; N. Mohanan 11230; TBGT •  ibid.; 16 Mar. 2016; Prasobh P., Alfred Joe, Shinoj P. &amp; Resmi S. 143854; CALI •   Pongalappara ; 9 Jan. 1996; E.S. Santhosh Kumar 25592; TBGT  •   Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli Dist., Agasthyamalai,  Tirunelveli ; 22 May 1901; s.coll. 2921; MH  •   Muthukuzhi ; 19 Jan. 1978; A.N. Henry 52455; MH  •   Muthukuzhivayal path,  Rajanagappara ; 14 Aug. 2018; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 151288; CALI  •  ibid.; 18 Feb. 2019; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 168265; CALI •  ibid.; 6 Apr. 2019; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 168280; CALI •   Sengaltheri to  Natterikal ; 11 Feb. 1983; E. Vajravelu 76549; MH  •   Thazaiodai forest ,  Sengaltheri ; 14 Feb. 1983; E. Vajravelu 80663; MH  •   Tirunelveli hills ; Feb. 1943; Miss. E. Bowden s.n.; MH  •   Upper Kodayar ; 21 Mar. 1981; A.N. Henry &amp; M.S. Swaminathan 70374; MH  •  ibid.; near Kakkachi Bungalow; 14 Aug. 2018; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 151284; CALI •  ibid.; 18 Feb. 2019; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 168263; CALI •  ibid.; 6 Apr. 2019; Resmi S. &amp; Santhosh Nampy 168276; CALI •  Way to Muthukuzhivayal; 14 Mar. 1979; A.N. Henry 60682; MH . </p>
            <p>Notes on phenology and habitat</p>
            <p> Sonerila travancorica was collected with flowers and fruits from January to April. This endemic species is found only in the Agasthyamala Biosphere reserve in the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 1).  Sonerila travancorica occurs in shady terrestrial habitats, but occasionally is found on the base of tree trunks or rocks with a relatively thick mossy substratum. It grows along the margins of sholas and near streams, waterfalls or dam areas at elevations above 1200 m. It is found in association with  Sonerila brunonis Wight &amp; Arn. (Melastomataceae) ,  Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler ,  Bambusa Schreb. sp. (both  Poaceae ),  Impatiens L. sp. (  Balsaminaceae A.Rich. ), and certain mosses. </p>
            <p>Provisional conservation status</p>
            <p>This species is known from six locations in Agasthyamala Biosphere reserve in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is ca 300 km ² and Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 12 km ². The authors surveyed three locations and found a total of 230 mature plants. Since these locations are inside a protected area, the risk of a decline due to anthropogenic activity is small. Based on the above data, the species is provisionally assessed here as Endangered (EN) B1ab(iii, iv, v), D (IUCN 2019).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0192DD56FD9113D627C8EFB46899C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Resmi, Sekarathil;Nampy, Santhosh	Resmi, Sekarathil, Nampy, Santhosh (2021): Sonerila longipedunculata sp. nov., a new species of Melastomataceae from the southern Western Ghats, India, with additional notes and lectotypification of Sonerila travancorica. European Journal of Taxonomy 733: 160-174, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1231
