identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D0EC22E712FF9EFF74D29CFCF3023E.text	03D0EC22E712FF9EFF74D29CFCF3023E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foenobethylus Kieffer 1913	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Redescription of  Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913</p>
            <p>Description of Males.— Length of body ca. 2.5–4 mm, of fore wing ca. 2–3 mm. Body of all currently known species is more or less evenly brown-black.</p>
            <p>Head.— Prognathous, flattened and slightly elongate, 1.1–1.4 times as long as wide (measured as the distance between front edge of clypeus and occipital carina vs. maximum width of head at the level of compound eyes), narrowing behind or almost quadrate in dorsal aspect. Eyes bare and oval, their distance to occipital carina 1.0–1.5 times the length of eye in dorsal aspect. Gena short, malar space extremely short. Hind margin of hind ocelli at a distance from occipital carina of 1–1.75 times of their maximum diameter. Ocellar triangle forms a more or less right angle at the anterior ocellus. Occipital carina complete. Clypeus apically moderately convex, medially with a strong longitudinal carina. Clypeal carina continues on the face only as a very weak and short median elevation, much weaker than the carinae above antennal toruli. Antennae with 11 flagellomeres, with short and erect setae. Length-to-width ratios of antennomeres: scape: 3.1–3.4, pedicel: 1.3–1.7, 1st flagellomere: 1.4–1.8, 5th flagellomere: 1.3–1.7. Mandibles with five teeth, the inner tooth is not turned inwards. Maxillary palps with six palpomeres, 1st–3rd short and broad, 4th usually the longest, elongated and slightly broadening towards apex, 5th and 6th elongated and more or less filiform. Labial palps with three short palpomeres.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma.— Elongated and flattened, with a length-to-depth ratio of 3.2–3.6 and length-to-width ratio of 2.2–2.6. Propleuron elongated and exposed, hence forming a ‘neck’ as in Gasteruption Latreille. Pronotum elongated and narrowed anteriorly, more or less evenly triangular in dorsal view, laterally very narrow and with lateral sides broadly concave. Mesonotum with notauli strong, reaching the transverse groove in front of scutellum. Mesonotum with parapsidal lines, starting at the transverse groove and reaching ca. 2/3 of the distance to pronotum. Scutellum broad and flat. Metanotum well-developed, in the middle with an anterior emargination or shallow pit opposite of scutellum. Acetabular carina of mesoscutum well-defined. Propodeum elongate, the length-to-width ratio of the upper face (or propodeal disc) ranging from 1.1 to 1.3. Propodeal disc very weakly sculptured, at most finely coriaceous, mostly highly polished. Propodeal carinae missing or defined only in the extreme base, except for lateral and median carinae, which are complete. Propodeum with apical declivity as well as metapleura more roughly sculptured.</p>
            <p> Fore wing (Fig. 2) hyaline, with a dark brown pterostigma. Radius long, with a node or very short vestigial vein in its basal 1/7. Metacarpus extremely short or missing, if present then in the form of a tapered distal point of the pterostigma. Basal vein meeting subcosta at a distance of well over 1.5 times its own length. Cubital (M) vein (sensu Evans 1964) present only in traces in the middle of the wing, not reaching basal vein nor the edge of the wing. Discoidal (Cu) vein sometimes tubular at its extreme base. Subdiscoidal (Cu1) vein vestigial. Fore wing with costal, median and submedian cells closed. Hind wing with four distal hamuli, basal hamuli obsolescent, present only in the form of 1–3 setae longer than the normal setae of the hind wing. Anterior edge of hind wing between costella and distal hamuli slightly concave but without a notch as in  Bethylinae . Legs. Fore femur greatly swollen (Fig. 3), with a length-to-width ratio of ca. 2.0–2.6. Mid and hind tibiae with apical spurs uneaqual in length. Tarsal claws small, evenly tapered, with a subbasal tooth. Hind trochanter with or without a ventral spine. Hind femur with or without a furrow ventrally, the ventral surface of femur with one to three spines, teeth or stubs – if the furrow is present, these protuberances and spines are distributed along its edges. </p>
            <p>Metasoma.—Gaster flat, smooth and shiny, with seven visible terga. First gastral segment approximately as long as wide, with a short petiole. Subgenital plate: anterior edge with three stalks, distal edge emarginate, lateral borders almost straight. Male genitalia: distal part of parameres with dense hairs, broadening apically, volsella with cuspis and digitus small. Aedeagus very short and complex.</p>
            <p> Remarks.—Kieffer’s (1913) original description is based only on a single species and the description itself is by no means satisfactory. Therefore, we redescribed the genus here on the basis of four new species and the original description of  F. gracilis Kieffer, 1913 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0EC22E712FF9EFF74D29CFCF3023E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Várkonyi, Gergely;Polaszek, Andrew	Várkonyi, Gergely, Polaszek, Andrew (2007): Rediscovery and revision of Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 1546: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273880
03D0EC22E713FF9DFF74D51AFC8D0600.text	03D0EC22E713FF9DFF74D51AFC8D0600.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foenobethylus bidentatus Varkonyi & Polaszek	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Foenobethylus bidentatus Várkonyi &amp; Polaszek sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4–7 and 20–22)</p>
            <p>Description of Male Holotype.— Length of body 2.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Head.— 1.13 times as long as wide, subquadrate in dorsal aspect, broadly rounded towards occipital carina. The distance from the eyes to the occipital carina equals the length of the eyes in dorsal aspect. Ocellar triangle forms a more or less right angle at the anterior ocellus. Lateral ocelli are placed slightly closer to anterior ocellus than the maximum diameter of the latter. Occipital carina at a distance from hind ocelli that is subequal to their maximum diameter. Surface of head finely coriaceous with sparse punctures. Length-to-width ratios of antennomeres: scape: 3.3, pedicel: 1.4, 1st flagellomere: 1.4, 5th flagellomere: 1.3. Terminal palpomere of maxillary palps over 4 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma.— With a length-to-depth ratio of 3.4 and length-to-width ratio of 2.2. Pronotum elongate and narrow anteriorly, with a narrow horizontal shelf protruding above base of propleuron. Length-to-width ratio of propodeal disc 1.3. Radius with a node in its basal 1/7. Metacarpus missing. Fore femur more slender than in the other species, with a length-to-width ratio of ca. 2.6. Hind trochanter without a ventral spine. Hind femur slightly flattened beneath, with two large teeth along its inner lateroventral edge.</p>
            <p>Metasoma.— Eighth sternite with distal margin narrowly emarginate, centrally with dense setae. Subgenital plate with distal margin broadly and almost evenly emarginate, with long setae along its margin.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia.— Distal part of parameres with long setae, central part narrow, almost stalk-like but with a dorsal swelling. Volsella with digitus small but clearly visible. Aedeagus as illustrated.</p>
            <p>Colour.— Brown. First three antennomeres, palps, mandibles, tarsi, fore tibiae, mid and hind tibiae subbasally and apically yellow. Propodeal disc chestnut.</p>
            <p>Etymology.— From Latin (bis meaning twice and denticulus meaning tooth). Named after the two large teeth on hind femora.</p>
            <p> FIGURE 4–7.  Foenobethylus bidentatus n. sp. : 4) dorsal aspect of head, 5) dorsal aspect of mesosoma, 6) lateral aspect of mesosoma, 7) ventrolateral aspect of hind trochanter and femur. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0EC22E713FF9DFF74D51AFC8D0600	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Várkonyi, Gergely;Polaszek, Andrew	Várkonyi, Gergely, Polaszek, Andrew (2007): Rediscovery and revision of Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 1546: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273880
03D0EC22E711FF93FF74D291FA4F0030.text	03D0EC22E711FF93FF74D291FA4F0030.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foenobethylus elongatus Varkonyi & Polaszek	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Foenobethylus elongatus Várkonyi &amp; Polaszek sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1, 8–11 and 23–25)</p>
            <p>Material examined. — HOLOTYPE ɗ: MALAYSIA, Western Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, xii. 2001, Ong Pek Khoo, Malaise 1–3. Genitalia, subgenital plate and 8th sternum mounted separately in Canada balsam on a microscope slide. PARATYPES: 1 ɗ MALAYSIA, Western Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, xii. 2001, Ong Pek Khoo, Malaise 1–3; 1 ɗ MALAYSIA, Western Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, Tana Rata, 2001–2 Malaise trap, Coll. Ong Pek Khoo.</p>
            <p> FIGURE 8–11.  Foenobethylus elongatus n. sp. : 8) dorsal aspect of head, 9) dorsal aspect of mesosoma, 10) lateral aspect of mesosoma, 11) ventrolateral aspect of hind trochanter and femur. </p>
            <p>Description of Male Holotype.— Length of body 2.7 mm.</p>
            <p>Head.— 1.32 times as long as wide, elongate in dorsal aspect, fairly strongly narrowing behind and evenly rounded towards occipital carina. The distance from the eyes to the occipital carina more than 1.5 times the length of the eyes in dorsal aspect. Ocellar triangle forms a slightly acute angle at the anterior ocellus. Lateral ocelli are distributed slightly closer to anterior ocellus than the maximum diameter of the latter. Occipital carina from hind ocelli at a distance of 1.75 times of the maximum diameter of the latter. Surface of head finely coriaceous with sparse punctures. Length-to-width ratios of antennomeres: scape: 3.3, pedicel: 1.7, 1st flagellomere: 1.8, 5th flagellomere: 1.7. Terminal palpomere of maxillary palps ca. 4 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma.— With a length-to-depth ratio of 3.4 and length-to-width ratio of 2.6. Pronotum elongate and narrow anteriorly, with a narrow horizontal shelf protruding above base of propleuron. Length-to-width ratio of propodeal disc 1.3. Radius with a node in its basal 1/7. Distal end of pterostigma continuing as an extremely short metacarpal vein. Fore femur greatly swollen, with a length-to-width ratio of ca. 2.0. Hind trochanter with a ventral tooth. Hind femur flattened beneath, with a basal tooth and smaller median tooth (paratypes) or swelling (holotype) on the inner edge as well as with a median swelling on the outer lateroventral edge.</p>
            <p>Metasoma.— Eighth sternite with distal margin broadly emarginate, centrally with sparse setae. Subgenital plate with distal margin deeply emarginate, centrally narrowly with an even deeper second emargination, with setae centrally.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia.— Distal part of parameres with long setae, central part broad. Volsella with digitus not clearly visible. Aedeagus as illustrated.</p>
            <p>Colour.— Brown. Antennae in the basal half, palps, mandibles, tarsi, fore tibiae, mid and hind tibiae subbasally and apically yellow.</p>
            <p> Etymology.— From Latin (  elongatus meaning Lenghtened) Named after the elongate head and mesosoma. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0EC22E711FF93FF74D291FA4F0030	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Várkonyi, Gergely;Polaszek, Andrew	Várkonyi, Gergely, Polaszek, Andrew (2007): Rediscovery and revision of Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 1546: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273880
03D0EC22E71EFF92FF74D393FBC002C8.text	03D0EC22E71EFF92FF74D393FBC002C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foenobethylus emiliacasellae Varkonyi& Polaszek	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Foenobethylus emiliacasellae Várkonyi&amp; Polaszek sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 2–3, 12–15 and 26–28)</p>
            <p>Material examined. — HOLOTYPE ɗ: THAILAND, Chiang Mai, xii.99 – ii.00, R.A. Beaver, Malaise; Genitalia, subgenital plate and 8th sternum mounted separately in Canada balsam on a microscope slide. PARATYPES (6 ɗɗ): THAILAND, Chiang Mai, xii.99 – ii.00, R.A. Beaver, Malaise</p>
            <p>Description of Male Holotype. —Length of body 3.1 mm.</p>
            <p> FIGURE 12–15.  Foenobethylus emiliacasellae n. sp. : 12) dorsal aspect of head, 13) dorsal aspect of mesosoma, 14) lateral aspect of mesosoma, 15) ventrolateral aspect of hind trochanter and femur. </p>
            <p>Head.— Up to 1.36 times as long as wide, elongated in dorsal aspect, fairly strongly narrowing behind and evenly rounded towards occipital carina. The distance from the eyes to the occipital carina ca. 1.1 times the length of the eyes in dorsal aspect. Ocellar triangle forms a right angle at the anterior ocellus. Lateral ocelli are distributed closer to anterior ocellus than the maximum diameter of the latter. Occipital carina from hind ocelli at a distance of ca. 1.5 times of the maximum diameter of the latter. Surface of head finely coriaceous with sparse punctures.</p>
            <p>Length-to-width ratios of antennomeres: scape: 3.2, pedicel: 1.5, 1st flagellomere: 1.7, 5th flagellomere: 1.6. Terminal palpomere of maxillary palps less than 3 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma.— With a length-to-depth ratio of 3.6 and length-to-width ratio of 2.4. Pronotum elongate and narrow anteriorly, without a horizontal shelf protruding above base of propleuron – the shelf is normally developed laterally. Length-to-width ratio of propodeal disc 1.15.</p>
            <p>Radius with or without a node in its basal 1/7. Distal end of pterostigma continuing as an extremely short metacarpal vein. Fore femur greatly swollen, with a length-to-width ratio of ca. 2.0, and with a broad and oblique inner concavity, which frequently causes rolling up the fore femur as a spiral. Hind trochanter with a long and needle-like ventral spine. Hind femur with an oblique furrow beneath, with a long basal spine on its inner edge and with a small, broad but sharp-edged median tooth on the outer lateroventral edge.</p>
            <p>Metasoma.— Eighth sternite with distal margin broadly and fairly shallowly emarginate, with sparse setae in its distal half. Subgenital plate with distal margin deeply emarginate, centrally setose.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia.—Rather short and broad, distal part of parameres with relatively short setae. Volsella with digitus clearly visible. Aedeagus as illustrated.</p>
            <p>Colour.— Brown. Basal four antennomeres, palps, mandibles, tarsi, fore tibiae, mid and hind tibiae subbasally and apically yellow.</p>
            <p> Remarks.— A ribosomal DNA sequence of just over 700 bases was obtained from the 28S D2 region of this species by Peter Mayhew and colleagues. This sequence is presented in Appendix 1. Using the “blast” option in the NCBI Genbank database revealed the most similar sequence in that database to be that of a  Pristocera species (  Bethylidae :  Pristocerinae : 86% similarity), followed by that of  Cephalonomia stephanoderis (  Bethylidae :  Epyrinae : 84% similarity). The Genbank accession numbers for these two sequences are EF013049.1 and AJ302937.1 respectively. These are the only bethylid sequences in Genbank, and while being by no means conclusive, this result provides some supporting evidence for  Foenobethylus being a pristocerine. </p>
            <p>Etymology. — Named after Emilia Casella, of Hampstead, London, U.K.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0EC22E71EFF92FF74D393FBC002C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Várkonyi, Gergely;Polaszek, Andrew	Várkonyi, Gergely, Polaszek, Andrew (2007): Rediscovery and revision of Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 1546: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273880
03D0EC22E71FFF97FF74D1E1FBA20386.text	03D0EC22E71FFF97FF74D1E1FBA20386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foenobethylus thomascokeri Varkonyi & Polaszek	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Foenobethylus thomascokeri Várkonyi &amp; Polaszek sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 16–19 and 29–31)</p>
            <p>Material examined. — HOLOTYPE ɗ: MALAYSIA, Pahang, Cameron Highlands, Tana Rata, Mardi Exp., 1500 m, xi.1979, I. Gauld. Genitalia, subgenital plate and 8th sternum mounted separately in Canada balsam on a microscope slide.</p>
            <p> FIGURE 16–19.  Foenobethylus thomascokeri n. sp. : 16) dorsal aspect of head, 17) dorsal aspect of mesosoma, 18) lateral aspect of mesosoma, 19) ventrolateral aspect of hind trochanter and femur. </p>
            <p> FIGURE 20–25.  Foenobethylus bidentatus n. sp. (20–22),  F. elongatus n. sp. (23–25), Male genitalia (20, 23), subgenital plates (21, 24) and 8th sternite (22, 25). </p>
            <p> FIGURE 26–31.  F. emiliacasellae n. sp. (26–28) and  F. thomascokeri n. sp. (29–31): Male genitalia (26, 29), subgenital plates (27, 30) and 8th sternite (28, 31). </p>
            <p>Description of Male Holotype.—Length of body 3.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Head.— 1.2 times as long as wide, moderately squared in dorsal aspect, weakly narrowing behind and broadly rounded towards occipital carina. The distance from the eyes to the occipital carina ca. 1.25 times the length of the eyes in dorsal aspect. Ocellar triangle forms a slightly obtuse angle at the anterior ocellus. The distance between lateral and anteriomedian ocelli is equal to the maximum diameter of the latter. Occipital carina from hind ocelli at a distance of 1.5 times of the maximum diameter of the latter. Surface of head finely coriaceous with sparse punctures.</p>
            <p>Length-to-width ratios of antennomeres: scape: 3.1, pedicel: 1.6, 1st flagellomere: 1.7, 5th flagellomere: 1.5. Terminal palpomere of maxillary palps over 4 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Mesosoma.— With a length-to-depth ratio of 3.2 and length-to-width ratio of 2.3. Pronotum elongate and narrow anteriorly, with a narrow horizontal shelf protruding above base of propleuron. Length-to-width ratio of propodeal disc 1.2. Radius with a node/vestigial vein in its basal 1/7. Metcarpus missing. Fore femur swollen, with a length-to-width ratio of ca. 2.1. Hind trochanter with a large ventral tooth. Hind femur flattened beneath, with a large basal tooth on the inner edge, a small tooth centrally and a median swelling on the outer lateroventral edge.</p>
            <p>Metasoma.—Eighth sternite with distal margin centrally with a shallow emargination, centrally with long setae. Subgenital plate with distal margin centrally deeply emarginate, with long setae centrally and along distal margin.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia.— Distal part of parameres densely covered with long setae. Volsellae with digitus not clearly visible. Volsellae with an additional seta just basad of cuspis. Aedeagus as illustrated.</p>
            <p>Colour.— Brown. Basal three antennomeres, palps, mandibles, tarsi and tibiae yellow.</p>
            <p>Etymology.— Named after Thomas Coker of Rockbridge Baths, Virginia, U.S.A.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0EC22E71FFF97FF74D1E1FBA20386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Várkonyi, Gergely;Polaszek, Andrew	Várkonyi, Gergely, Polaszek, Andrew (2007): Rediscovery and revision of Foenobethylus Kieffer, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 1546: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273880
