identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
97F8C77F0508ABB17FFCB865A7BD87BC.text	97F8C77F0508ABB17FFCB865A7BD87BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scissicauda McDermott 1964	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Lampyridae</p>
            <p> Scissicauda McDermott, 1964</p>
            <p> Scissicauda McDermott, 1964: 10, 39; 1966: 87. </p>
            <p> Schistura Olivier, 1911:51 (nec  Schistura McClevelland, 1838  Actinopterygii ). </p>
            <p> Aethra Laporte, 1833 (partim). Olivier in Wytsman 1907: 16; Blackwelder 1944: 353. </p>
            <p> Lychnuris Motschulsky, 1853 (partim). McDermott 1966 (quid pro quo). </p>
            <p> Schistura Olivier, 1911: 51; McDermott 1964: 10, 39. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Lucidota disjuncta Olivier, 1896, by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Antenna 11-segmented, compressed, filliform to flabellate, uniramose (while biramose in  Psilocladus and  Pollaclasis ), with dense, upright bristles, rami atmost twice longer than antennomere body, attached basally (distally in  Ethra ). Antennal sockets large, two thirds of frontal width, close-set, reniform, antennifer process distinct. Occiput as wide as one third head width. Apical maxillary palpomere lanceolate. Apical labial palpomere securiform. Pronotum semilunate, with a marginal row of gross, deep punctures. Abdominal terga with posterior angles progressively produced and acute. Tibial spurs present. Tarsomere I 2  × longer than II, II 2  × longer than III, III of subequal length as IV. Tarsomere IV bilobed, lobes reaching two thirds of length of tarsomere V. Male sternum IX retracted under VIII. Aedeagus with phallus consisting of a dorsal plate basally fused to parameres, symmetric, projected dorsolaterally toward apex; ventral plate with lateral margins sinuose, weakly sclerotized; parameres symmetric, apically rounded, with a ventrobasal process rudimentary or extended beyond phallus. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Head (Figs 1-15, 44-45, 53-54, 59) entirely covered by pronotum (Figs 1, 2, 42, 51, 67); almost 2  × as wide as long, slightly longer than high (Figs 4-7); lateral margins slightly convergent posteriad (Fig. 4). Frons slightly prominent dorsally, swollen (Fig. 6). Antennal sockets reniform, of two thirds frons width; antennifer process conspicuous (Fig. 7). Vertex somewhat convex, with two posterior parasagittal indentations (Fig. 4). Antenna 11-segmented, scape constricted basally, pedicel almost as long as wide and constricted medially, antennomeres  III–X serrate to flabellate (males of  Scissicauda disjuncta ), compressed, subequal in length, with dense, upright bristles, lamellae long and slender, subequal in length, apical antennomere slightly longer than subapical one (Figs 10, 42, 54, 68). Frontoclypeus slightly curved (Fig. 7). Labrum connected to frontoclypeus by a membranous suture; 2  × as wide as long, anterior margin evanescent (Fig. 4).  Mandibles long and slender, monotonically arcuate, apex acute, internal tooth absent, external margin sparsely setose in basal  ½ , with a basal wisp of bristles up to half its length (Figs 14, 15). Maxilla with cardo well-sclerotized; stipe oblong in ventral view, posterior margins truncate, well-sclerotized, palpi 4-segmented; palpomere III triangular; IV lanceolate, with internal margin covered with minute, dense bristles, almost 3  × longer than III (Fig. 7). Labium with mentum well-sclerotized and bristled, completely divided sagittally; submentum sclerotized and bristled, subcordiform, elongate; palpi 3-segmented, palpomere III securiform (Fig. 5). Gular sutures almost indistinct; gular bar transverse, 2  × as wide as submentum minimal width. Occiput piriform, as wide as one third posterior width (Fig. 9). Tentorium long and slender, almost as high as half head high, projected internally almost on the half of its length, strongly curved backwards (Figs 11-13). </p>
            <p> Thorax (Figs 16-29, 46, 55, 56, 70). Pronotum semilunar, posterior angles acute; disc subquadrate in dorsal view, notably convex, regularly punctured, punctures small and bristled; with a line of distinct deep marginal punctures; pronotal expansions well-developed, anterior expansion maximal length almost half as long as disc, posterior expansions straight; slightly wider than humeral distance (Figs 16, 46, 55, 70). Hypomeron longer than high (Figs 18, 56). Prosternum 4  × as wide as its major length; slightly constricted parasagitally (Fig. 17). Proendosternite clavate, slightly longer than prosternal process minimal width (Fig. 20). Mesoscutellum with posterior margin rounded (Fig. 21). Elytra ellipsoid, almost 5  × as long as wide, pubescent, secondary pubescence absent, with a line of conspicuous punctures all over sutural and lateral margins (Fig. 25). </p>
            <p> Hind wing well-developed, posterior margin sinuose, 2  × as long as wide, r3 almost as long as r4, radial cell 2  × wider than long, almost reaching anterior margin, costal row of setae inconspicuous (Fig. 26); CuA2 crossvein absent, mp-cu crossvein present; RP + MP1+2 of three fourths r4 length, almost reaching distal margin, J indistinct (Fig. 26). Allinotum slightly wider than long, lateral margins slightly convergent posteriad, posterior margin straight; prescutum extending slightly less than half metascutum length (Fig. 21); rounded area of scutum weakly sclerotized, scutum-prescutal plates sclerotized, extending ridges almost up to posterior margin; metascutellum glabrous. Mesosternum weakly sclerotized, acute medially, attached to metasternum by a suture almost as wide as mesosternum (Fig. 22). Mesoepimeron attached to metasternum by membrane (Fig. 22). Mesosternum/mesanepisternum suture inconspicuous (Fig. 22). Mesanepisternum /mesepimeron suture conspicuous (Fig. 22). Metasternum oblique and strongly depressed by mesocoxae, anterior medial keel prominent up to anterior one third, discrimen indistinct, lateral margins divergent posteriad up to lateral-most part of metacoxa, then convergent posteriad posterior margin bisinuose (Fig. 22). Femur slightly shorter than tibia (Fig. 28). Tibial spurs present (Fig. 28). Tarsomere I 2  × longer than II, II 2  × longer than III, III subequal in length to IV, IV bilobed, lobes reaching two thirds V length (Fig. 29). Mesendosternum with two parasagittal projections directed outwards, irregularly alate (Fig. 26). Metendosternum spatulate, 2  × longer than wide, median projection acute anteriad, with two lateral laminae (Fig. 27). </p>
            <p> Abdomen (Figs 21, 23, 30-41, 47-50). Tergum I with anterior margin membranous (Fig. 21), laterotergite membranous, polygonal in shape, with sparse  bristles (Fig. 23); spiracle obliquely attached to thorax, more vertically (Fig. 21). Terga  II–VII with posterior angles progressively produced and acute posteriad, posterior margins progressively bisinuose (Fig. 30). Sterna  II–VIII visible (Fig. 31). Spiracles dorsal, at almost half sterna lenghts (Fig. 30). Sternum VIII with larval lanterns elongate (Figs 33-58). </p>
            <p> Male . Syntergite consisting of paired lateral plates convergent posteriad (putatively tergite IX or paraproct), median transversal suture absent (Figs 34, 35, 61, 62). Sternum IX asymmetric, posterior margin acute. Aedeagus with phallus consisting of a dorsal plate basally fused to parameres, symmetric, medially grooved, projected dorsolaterally toward apex (Figs 36-38, 41, 63, 64); ventral plate with lateral margins  sinuose , weakly sclerotized; parameres symmetric, apically rounded, with a ventrobasal process rudimentary or projected and extended beyond phallus (Figs 40, 65, 66). </p>
            <p> Female. Sternum VIII as long as wide, spiculum ventrale long and slender, three fourths sternum length (Fig. 47). Internal genitalia with a large and somewhat rounded spermatophore-digesting gland anteriad to the common oviduct (Fig. 50). Valvifers free, twisted basally, 3  × coxite length; coxites medially fused, coxital baculi well-developed, sclerotized, divergent basally; styli minute, sclerotized; proctiger indistinct (Fig. 49). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Concerning the etymology for the generic name, McDermott (1964) did not refer explicitly to the meaning of  Scissicauda , neither did Olivier (1911) for  Schistura .  Scissi is putatively derived from the English word scissor, which in turns refer to the old French cisoires and the Latin caedo, caesus; and cauda, a Latin word for the pygydium (Brown, 1956) (see Figs 30, 32).  Scissicauda is of a feminine gender. </p>
            <p>Key to species (both sexes)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97F8C77F0508ABB17FFCB865A7BD87BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da;Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M.;Bocakova, Milada	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da, Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M., Bocakova, Milada (2016): Systematic review of the firefly genus Scissicauda (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Amydetinae) from Brazil. ZooKeys 558: 55-75, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040
F789002283EB2F1A53F3BDD603524C76.text	F789002283EB2F1A53F3BDD603524C76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scissicauda disjuncta (E. Olivier 1896) E. Olivier 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Lampyridae</p>
            <p> Scissicauda disjuncta (E. Olivier, 1896) Figs 1, 2-3, 4-15, 16-20, 21-27, 28-29, 30-41, 42-43, 44-46, 47-50 </p>
            <p> Lucidota disjuncta Olivier, 1896: 1. </p>
            <p> Aethra disjuncta (Olivier, 1896). Olivier in Wytsman, 1907: 16; Blackwelder 1944: 353. </p>
            <p> Schistura disjuncta (Olivier, 1896). Olivier 1911: 51; McDermott 1964: 10, 39. </p>
            <p> Lychnuris disjuncta (Olivier, 1896); McDermott 1966 (quid pro quo). </p>
            <p> Scissicauda disjuncta (Olivier, 1896). McDermott 1964: 10, 39; 1966: 87. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype (Fig. 1) male (MNHN), without locality data (although Olivier 1911 reported the species from Rio de Janeiro). Bearing the labels: 1) green and rectangular, handwriting  Lucidota disjuncta E. Oliv.; 2) white and rectangular, printed, Specimen typicum originale auctoris Ern. Olivier.; 3) white and square, handwriting, Fry. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, without other data, 1 male, 2 females, Fry coll. (BMNH);  Petrópolis , P. N. Serra dos  Órgãos , 25/11/2012, Mermudes &amp; Mattos col. (DZRJ);  Teresópolis , P. N. Serra dos  Órgãos , 15/XII/2014, A. Katz col. (DZRJ), ~1100m, 14-17/I/2015, L. Silveira col. (DZRJ), 18/XII/2014, 1 female, V.A.C WILSON col. (DZRJ), 1050m, XII/2013, Malaise trap, 1 male, 2 females, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ), 1050m, I/2014, Malaise trap, 2 females, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ), 1050m, II/2014, Malaise trap, 2 females, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Males with antennae flabellate (Fig. 10) (filiform in  Scissicauda balena sp. n.), anterior pro and mesoclaws bifid (Fig. 29) (entire in  Scissicauda balena sp. n.), phallus dorsal plate strongly rounded basally, phallic groove at apical one third, strongly curved (subtruncate basally, phallic groove at half its length, moderately curved in  Scissicauda balena sp. n.); ventral plate at least 2  × phallobase length (slightly shorter than phallobase in  Scissicauda balena sp. n.); parameres ventrobasal process rudimentary (Figs 36-41) (digitiform,  extending slightly beyond ventral plate, shorter than paramere itself in  Scissicauda balena sp. n., Figs 63-66). Female sternum VIII constricted at posterior one third, indented medially (Fig. 43) (rounded in  Scissicauda balena sp. n., Fig. 68). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Colour pattern. Integument from entirely brown to blackish-brown, scape and pedicel yellowish-brown (Figs 1, 2), legs with trochanters, femora and tibial base yellowish, tibiae progressively darkening toward apex (Fig. 3). Prothorax with translucent to slightly pale yellow peripheral semicircular margin, sometimes bearing orangish vittae (Fig. 2), hypomeron antero-dorsally yellowish (Fig. 18). Elytra  with pale yellow lateral-longitudinal vittae (Figs 1-3, 24), sutural margin and outer lateral line brown to blackish-brown. Sternum VII with lateral margins yellowish (Fig. 33). Pygidium with anterior angles yellowish (Figs 30, 32). </p>
            <p> Male . Antennae (Fig. 10) with scape constricted basally, pedicel almost as long as wide and constricted medially; antennomeres  III–X subequal in length, slightly serrate and basally flabellate, lamellae almost 2  × as long as antennomeres, except for branch X, which is one third longer than antennomere; antennomere XI filiform, slightly longer than previous one. Pronotum 1.3  × wider than long (Figs 1-3, 16-18). Abdominal sternum II with two median close-set vitreous spots (Fig. 31), sternum VIII with posterior margin trisinuose (Fig. 33). Sternum IX abruptly constricted anteriad at half its length, one third longer than aedeagus (Figs 34-35). Phallus dorsal plate strongly rounded basally, phallic groove at apical one third, strongly curved; ventral plate slightly shorter than phallobase; parameres ventrobasal process rudimentary (Figs 36-41). </p>
            <p> Female. Antennomeres  III–XI compressed, subequal in length, antennomeres  III–X serrate (Figs 42-34, 45). Sternum VIII as long as wide (Fig. 43), constricted at posterior one third, indented medially. Spiculum ventrale long and slender, three fourths sternum length. Sclerotized part of internal genitalia with a large and somewhat rounded spermatophore-digesting gland anteriad to common oviduct. Bursa plate and median oviduct plate absent. Valvifers free, twisted basally, 3  × longer than coxite; coxites medially fused, coxital baculi well-developed, sclerotized, divergent basally; styli minute, sclerotized; proctiger indistinct (Figs 47-50). </p>
            <p> Biology. Active during daytime, on moisty days. In our experimental design (Jun/2013-Jun/2014), individuals were only collected between December and February, when there is a local increase in pluviosity (Graphic 1). Our results suggest that  Scissicauda
disjuncta
 breeds during the rainy seasons, possibly in low montane forests. Otherwise, although it could in principle be a sampling artifact, it could also mean that the species has a patchy distribution. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> McDermott (1966:87) quoted  Lychnuris disjuncta referring it to Olivier 1899: 91, but in this paper there is no reference to such a name. However, on page 90, there is a  Lychnuris adjuncta Olivier, 1899, which is not quoted under  Lychnuris in his catalogue (McDermott 1966). Therefore we consider the citation a quid pro quo. Regarding the etymology of the specific name, the author did not mention a meaning for  disjuncta , which is a Latin expression for apart, separate. We tentatively associate it with the separated corners of the pygidium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F789002283EB2F1A53F3BDD603524C76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da;Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M.;Bocakova, Milada	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da, Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M., Bocakova, Milada (2016): Systematic review of the firefly genus Scissicauda (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Amydetinae) from Brazil. ZooKeys 558: 55-75, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040
1959F2D0E77DA65209201F4F05775B00.text	1959F2D0E77DA65209201F4F05775B00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scissicauda balena Silveira, Mermudes & Bocakova	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Lampyridae</p>
            <p> Scissicauda balena Silveira, Mermudes &amp; Bocakova sp. n. Figs 51-56, 57-66, 67-70, 71-72 </p>
            <p> Type material. </p>
            <p> Holotype (Figs 51-66, 71) male, Brazil:  Espírito Santo, [n] 6521, Descourtils [leg.], coll. Fry 1905-100 (BMNH). Paratype (Figs 67-70, 72) female, Brazil, the same data (BMNH). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Males with antennal lamellae absent (Fig. 54) (present in  Scissicauda disjuncta , Fig. 10), anterior pro and mesoclaws entire (bifid in  Scissicauda disjuncta ), phallus dorsal plate subtruncate basally, phallic groove at half of its length, moderately curved (strongly rounded basally, phallic groove at apical one third, strongly curved in  Scissicauda disjuncta ); ventral plate at least 2  × phallobase length (slightly shorter than phallobase in  Scissicauda disjuncta ); parameres ventrobasal process digitiform, extending slightly beyond ventral plate, shorter than paramere itself (Figs 63-66) (process rudimentary in  Scissicauda disjuncta , Figs 36-41). Females with sternum VIII rounded (Fig. 68) (constricted at posterior one third, indented medially in  Scissicauda disjuncta , Fig. 43). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name balena is a Latin expression for whale, whose tail resembles the pygidium of this species. The name is formed as a noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Colour pattern. Integument overall blackish-brown, with scape brownish (Fig. 54); antennomeres  VIII–XI and sternum VIII entirely yellowish (Figs 52, 68). Pronotum largely yellowish at sides and slenderly anterior at the disc, with paired yellow parasagittal vittae (Figs 55, 70); hypomeron translucent, with antero-dorsal margin yellowish (Fig. 56). Elytron with pale yellow lateral-longitudinal and sutural vittae (Fig. 51, 67). Sternites, trochanters and femorae yellowish, tibiae and tarsi dark-brown (Fig. 52, 68). Abdominal sternites yellowish posteriad (Fig. 52, 68). Pygidium laterally and medially dark-brownish (Fig. 52). </p>
            <p> Male. (Figs 51-56, 57-66). Scape constricted basally, pedicel almost as long as wide and constricted medially, antennomeres  III–X cylindrical, impressed and not-flabellate (Fig. 54). Pronotum 1.5  × wider than long (Fig. 55). Elytra with epipleural maximal width as wide as disc width (Fig. 51). Sternum VIII with posterior margin emarginate (Fig. 60). Sternum IX gradually convergent anteriad, almost 2  × longer  than aedeagus (Figs 61-62). Phallus dorsal plate subtruncate basally, phallic groove at half of its length, moderately curved; ventral plate at least 2  × of phallobase length; parameres ventrobasal process digitiform, extending slightly beyond ventral plate, shorter than paramere itself (Figs 63-66). </p>
            <p>Female. Sternum VIII rounded, indented medially (Fig. 68).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1959F2D0E77DA65209201F4F05775B00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da;Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M.;Bocakova, Milada	Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da, Mermudes, Jose Ricardo M., Bocakova, Milada (2016): Systematic review of the firefly genus Scissicauda (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Amydetinae) from Brazil. ZooKeys 558: 55-75, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6040
