taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D24409FFDB784779DE1520FE882A0F.taxon	description	Depending on the species, male HW androconial organs may vary. A patch of androconial scales is located immediately adjacent to vein Cu 2 (character 15), where the wing membrane is folded over to form a ‘ scent-pocket’ (15: 2, Fig. 1 K). Within Brassolini, this scent-pocket is unique to Opoptera, and it is present in all species of the genus except for O. arsippe in which it constitutes a shallow depression on the wing membrane (15: 1, Fig. 1 L). Some species (syme, sulcius, fruhstorferi, bracteolata) possess a thin hairpencil inside the discal cell that crosses over vein Cu 1 - Cu 2 (character 12: 1). This hairpencil is formed by thin, elongate scales closely joined together, as can be seen by their insertion sockets, and it fits inside the scent-pocket (see Fig. 1 A and B). In species lacking this hairpencil, different hairbrushes can be found. Elongate, dense HW discal cell ‘ hairs’ form a ‘ discal cell hairbrush’ present in two Opoptera species (staudingeri, arsippe; character 13: 1; Fig. 1 K). Furthermore, elongate, dense HW ‘ hairs’ in cells Cu 1 and Cu 2 form two hairbrushes that are in close proximity to the scent-pocket (aorsa, hilaris, Fig. 1 J). Finally, HW ‘ hairs’ in cell Cu 2 form a long ‘ Cu 2 hairbrush’ (character 14: 1, aorsa, hilaris, Fig. 1 J). The hairpencil and hairbrushes are both associated with the Cu 2 androconial organ. The male valva has two defining characters: a sclerotization of the dorsal edge that encircles the valva tip (i. e., sclerotized carena), and bears minute ribbed serrations (characters 21: 2 and 22: 0; Fig. 4). The female sterigma is highly variable in shape (Fig. 6), and has a continuous anterior section (character 33: 0). The corpus bursa lacks signa (Fig. 6). Species groups	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD6784779DE1271FCD4285C.taxon	description	Male genitalia are very similar within the syme-group. All species have long, narrow valvae that extend nearly to, or beyond the uncus tip in lateral view (Fig. 4 A – C). Opoptera syme and O. sulcius share the presence of a spine-like expansion on the proximal region of the gnathos (30: 1, Fig. 4 A), and the palmate valva tip is more strongly projected ventrally in lateral view than in O. fruhstorferi (27: 0; Fig. 4 A – C). Although O. sulcius and O. fruhstorferi share a broad proximal arm of the FW postmedial band, the grouping of these two species as sister taxa increases tree length by one step.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD6784679DE10CAFAA12C61.taxon	description	The grouping of O. aorsa, O. hilaris, O. arsippe and O. bracteolata is supported by two unambiguous character changes (Fig. 3 C): presence of a HW tail at vein M 3 (character 9: 1; Fig. 1 E); Lateral uncus wings expanded laterally to form two dorsolateral keels (28: 2, Fig. 5 D, H). Furthermore, these four species have an angular FW apex due to a small depression of the wing membrane at vein M 3 (character 2: 2; Fig. 1 D). Two other character changes are also of interest within this group. Opoptera bracteolata is the only member of the aorsa - group in which the males possess a thin hairpencil inside the HW discal cell (12: 1, a secondary gain). Opoptera arsippe is the only species in the genus in which the scent organ at HW vein Cu 2 constitutes a shallow depression (15: 1, Fig. 1 L) and not a ‘ scent-pocket’ (15: 2, Fig. 1 K; see Discussion).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species of the genus by original designation. Type locality. Brazil.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.9 – 42.7 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with pale brown background from base through medial (FW) or postmedial areas (HW), turning darker brown distally. Overall background coloration slightly darker than O. sulcius. FW with a conspicuous, orange ‘ Y-shaped’ postmedial band that has a narrow proximal arm, and a well-developed (although broken) distal arm that intersects and obscures the subapical white spots. HW with a faded submarginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a well-defined white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally, and with a pale blue iridescence across the medial area of the HW.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (southeastern coast, Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo) (Brown 1992, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004, Appendix 1).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for O. syme. It is unlikely that the specimen described by Rothshild (1916) as ssp. colombicola Rothshild was actually collected in Colombia. Although the male genitalia is nearly identical to O. sulcius, differences were found in the female genitalia. Opoptera syme and sulcius seem to co-occur in a few sites along their ranges, such as Campos do Jordão and Reserva Estadual do Morro Grande, Cotia (both in São Paulo state), and Nova Friburgo and Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro; A. V. L. Freitas and K. S. Brown, pers. comm.).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil (Santa Catarina).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 41.3 – 43 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with pale brown background from base through medial (FW) or postmedial areas (HW), turning darker brown distally. Overall background color slightly lighter than O. syme. FW with a conspicuous, orange ‘ Y-shaped’ postmedial band that has a broad proximal arm, a well-developed (although broken) distal arm that intersects and obscures the subapical white spots, plus a thin submarginal band. HW with a well-developed orange submarginal band, plus a thin orange marginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a faded white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally, and devoid of iridescence.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Testón & Corseuil 2002), Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo, Petrópolis; K. S. Brown pers. comm.).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for O. sulcius. Although the male genitalia are nearly identical to O. syme, differences were found in the female genitalia.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil (Santa Catarina).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 37.5 – 38 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with dark brown background. FW with a conspicuous, broad, white postmedial band and three subapical white spots. HW with a faded submarginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a faded white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Male genitalia more delicate than those of O. syme and O. sulcius. Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Testón & Corseuil 2002, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for O. fruhstorferi.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil [presumably Atlantic forest]	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.1 – 41.6 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Although very similar to O. hilaris, it can be distinguished by the following characters. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that is disjointed at cell M 3, and a reduced distal arm that forms a very thin line that usually reaches the white crescent spot in cell M 1. Posterior portion of this band usually forming a smooth curve, in contrast to a ‘ coarser’ shape in hilaris. A continuous transverse band is present across the center of the FW discal cell. HW submarginal band faded but noticeable. Similarly to hilaris, aorsa males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a conspicuously long, dark hairbrush adjacent to vein 1 A + 2 A, plus a smaller hairbrush inside cell Cu 2 below the scent-pocket. Females are paler than males, and have brighter and thicker orange bands. The male genitalia of aorsa and hilaris are similar, being highly divergent from other Opoptera (Fig. 4 – 5). The valvae are markedly thin, narrowed at base to produce a midline gap, and the sclerotized carena is elongated to form a solid, curved prong. In dorsal view, the uncus wings of aorsa are conspicuously broader than those of hilaris (compare Fig. 5 D and E). The female sterigma of aorsa and hilaris are markedly different (compare Fig. 6 D and E).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Atlantic forest (Testón & Corseuil 2002, Casagrande 2004, Appendix 1).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Casagrande (2004) listed four subspecies; the nominal aorsa from Brazil, colombiana (Rothschild) from Colombia, fuscata Stichel from Brazil (Amazonas), and hilaris Stichel from Ecuador, which is treated below. I dissected males and females from Espírito Santo and Paraná, Brazil (Appendix 1), and the genitalia and wing pattern were consistent among the specimen series, but differed from specimens collected in other areas (see below).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Ecuador.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.3 – 42.5 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Although very similar to O. aorsa, it can be distinguished by the following characters. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that is disjointed at cell M 3, and a reduced distal arm that forms a very thin line that usually does not reach the white crescent spot in cell M 1. Posterior portion of this band usually ‘ coarse’, in contrast to a somewhat smooth curve in aorsa. The transverse band present across the center of the FW discal cell is composed of a series of contiguous small rounded segments (i. e., ‘ broken’). HW submarginal band barely visible, contrasting the faded, but noticeable band seen in aorsa. Similarly to aorsa, males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a conspicuously long, dark hairbrush adjacent to vein 1 A + 2 A, plus a smaller hairbrush inside cell Cu 2 below the scent-pocket. Females are paler than males, have brighter and thicker orange bands, and faint blue iridescence. The male genitalia of hilaris and aorsa are similar, being highly divergent from other Opoptera (Fig. 4 – 5). The valvae are markedly thin, narrowed at base to produce a midline gap, and the sclerotized carena is elongated to form a solid, curved prong. This prong is slightly wider in hilaris than in aorsa, and the serrations are slightly larger and therefore more noticeable. In dorsal view, the uncus wings of hilaris are conspicuously narower than those of aorsa (compare Fig. 5 E and D). The female sterigma of hilaris and aorsa are markedly different (compare Fig. 6 E and D).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, western Brazil (Amazon forest to Mato Grosso) (D’Abrera 1987, Casagrande 2004, A. Neild pers. comm., Appendix 1). Justification for new status. In his original description Stichel (1901) identified two key characters that separated Ecuadorean O. aorsa hilaris from nominal aorsa from Eastern Brazil: ventral FW discal cell with a broken transverse band, and dorsal HW solid brown (i. e., lacking the orange submarginal band present in aorsa). Neither the original nor subsequent descriptions (e. g., Stichel 1902) mentioned genitalia, and I thus assume that Stichel did not dissect hilaris. I examined and dissected males from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil (Amazonas; Appendix 1). Although there is slight variation among these specimens, they can be consistently recognized as hilaris by the characters given here, including genitalia (Fig. 1 E, 2 E, 5 E, 6 E). The remarkable divergence in the female sterigma (Fig. 6 E) provides strong support for the separation of these two taxa. Opoptera aorsa ocurrs in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, while O. hilaris seems to be more widespread across the Amazonian region and western side of South America. It is unknown to me whether these species occur in sympatry.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	description	New combinations. The descriptions of the subspecies fuscata (Stichel 1908; Brazil, Amazonas, examined here) and colombiana (Rothshild 1916; Colombia, not available for examination) are consistent with the diagnostic characters of hilaris. Therefore, two new combinations are proposed: O. hilaris fuscata, NEW COMBINATION and O. hilaris colombiana, NEW COMBINATION.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Panama.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length 46 mm (based on specimen in Appendix 1). FW apex slightly pointed and HW margin smooth. Wings with orange-brown background. FW with a conspicuous orange postmedial band that has a narrow proximal arm, and a reduced distal arm that is barely visible inside cells M 2 and M 1. HW with a well-developed orange marginal band. HW outline slightly bulging below M 3, which is particularly obvious in the female in Fig. 2 F. Males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a scent-pocket. Females similar to, but paler than males. Overall gestalt similar to species of Catoblepia. Unique genitalic characters include: dorsal outline of tegumen flat in lateral view; twisted valvae; and sterigma with two large, lateral, folded over projections with jagged edges and minute spines.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama, Costa Rica to Mexico (Fruhstorfer 1912, Maza & Maza 1989, Casagrande 2004).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists two subspecies; the nominal staudingeri from Panama, plus mexicana Maza & Maza from Mexico (not available for examination). Opoptera staudingeri is the only species of the genus for which a description of early stages has been published (DeVries 1987).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Peru.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 41.7 – 43.7 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with orange-brown background. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that can be disjointed at cell M 3, and a reduced distal arm that does not reach the apical white spots. HW margins with very shallow depressions, as compared to other species of Opoptera. HW with a conspicuous orange marginal band, including the tail. Males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but instead have a conspicuously long, broad and dark hairbrush in the cell that extends over the open scent organ next to vein Cu 2. The scent organ next to Cu 2 consists of a shallow concavity on the wing surface.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru, Bolivia? (Casagrande 2004).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I was unable to obtain females of this species for examination. Casagrande (2004) lists two subspecies; the nominal arsippe from Peru, and bracteolata Stichel from Bolivia, elevated here to full species (see below).	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Bolivia.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male FW length range 39.8 – 41.3 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with orange-brown background. FW orange postmedial band markedly reduced, broken into a series of independent spots that do not reach the anterior FW margin. HW with a thin orange marginal band. Males have a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, contrasting other species in the aorsa - group.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bolivia (Casagrande 2004). Justification for new status. Opoptera bracteolata shows important differences from O. arsippe that justify full species status. These two taxa have distinctive, easily diagnosable wing color patterns, and males have different wing scent organs (compare Fig. 1 H and G). Opoptera bracteolata and O. arsippe also have rather different male genitalia (Fig. 4 H and G, 5 H and G), and such structural differences further support the notion that they are separate species. It is unknown to me whether these two taxa overlap geographically. Note that the specimen listed by Penz (2007) as O. arsippe actually corresponds to O. bracteolata.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I was unable to obtain females of this species for examination.	en	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
