identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D24409FFDB784779DE1520FE882A0F.text	03D24409FFDB784779DE1520FE882A0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera Aurivillius 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Opoptera Aurivillius, 1882</p>
            <p> Seven unambiguous character changes support the monophyly of  Opoptera (Fig. 3 C, character illustrations in Fig. 1–2, 4–6). As a group,  Opoptera is not homogeneous in either wing shape or color (Fig. 1–2). The FW apex can be rounded (  syme ,  sulcius ,  fruhstorferi ), mildly pointed (  staudingeri ) or angular (  aorsa ,  hilaris ,  arsippe ,  bracteolata ; character 2). FW with three apical white spots and intersected by an incomplete ‘Yshaped’, usually orange, postmedial band (white in  fruhstorferi , character 7:2), a pattern element that is shared with most brassolines. The proximal arm of this band can be either continuous or broken (  bracteolata , character 6). Ventral FW with an eyespot at cell M1, discal cell intersected by two bands. Ventral HW broadly rippled and with well developed eyespots in cells Sc+Rs and Cu1. The HW contour can be nearly smooth (  staudingeri ,  arsippe ), but it is usually mildly scalloped with or without a tail at M3 (character 10). HW precostal cell arched-out and large within the context of  Brassolini (Fig. 2 H, see Stichel 1909 for a comparison with other genera). There is no sexual dimorphism in color, but females may be slightly larger and paler than males, and may have a faint HW iridescence (Fig. 1–2). </p>
            <p> Depending on the species, male HW androconial organs may vary. A patch of androconial scales is located immediately adjacent to vein Cu2 (character 15), where the wing membrane is folded over to form a ‘scent-pocket’ (15:2, Fig. 1 K). Within  Brassolini , this scent-pocket is unique to  Opoptera , and it is present in all species of the genus except for  O. arsippe in which it constitutes a shallow depression on the wing membrane (15:1, Fig. 1 L). Some species (  syme ,  sulcius ,  fruhstorferi ,  bracteolata ) possess a thin hairpencil inside the discal cell that crosses over vein Cu1-Cu2 (character 12:1). This hairpencil is formed by thin, elongate scales closely joined together, as can be seen by their insertion sockets, and it fits inside the scent-pocket (see Fig. 1 A and B). In species lacking this hairpencil, different hairbrushes can be found. Elongate, dense HW discal cell ‘hairs’ form a ‘discal cell hairbrush’ present in two  Opoptera species (  staudingeri ,  arsippe ; character 13:1; Fig. 1 K). Furthermore, elongate, dense HW ‘hairs’ in cells Cu1 and Cu2 form two hairbrushes that are in close proximity to the scent-pocket (  aorsa ,  hilaris , Fig. 1 J). Finally, HW ‘hairs’ in cell Cu2 form a long ‘Cu2 hairbrush’ (character 14:1,  aorsa ,  hilaris , Fig. 1 J). The hairpencil and hairbrushes are both associated with the Cu2 androconial organ. </p>
            <p>The male valva has two defining characters: a sclerotization of the dorsal edge that encircles the valva tip (i.e., sclerotized carena), and bears minute ribbed serrations (characters 21:2 and 22:0; Fig. 4). The female sterigma is highly variable in shape (Fig. 6), and has a continuous anterior section (character 33:0). The corpus bursa lacks signa (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>Species groups</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFDB784779DE1520FE882A0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD6784779DE1271FCD4285C.text	03D24409FFD6784779DE1271FCD4285C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera syme	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> syme -group </p>
            <p> The name of this group is maintained from the original classification by Stichel (1902).  Opoptera syme (typespecies of the genus),  O. sulcius and  O. fruhstorferi form a monophyletic group supported by the following unambiguous character changes (Fig. 3 C): presence of a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell (character 12:1, also present in  O. bracteolata ; Fig. 1 I); mid- and hindlegs, color of the distal edge of each segment and subsegment similar to the color of the segments themselves (17:0, unique); setose portion of valva tip flattened, palmate (26:1, unique; Fig. 4 A). </p>
            <p> Male genitalia are very similar within the syme-group. All species have long, narrow valvae that extend nearly to, or beyond the uncus tip in lateral view (Fig. 4 A–C).  Opoptera syme and  O. sulcius share the presence of a spine-like expansion on the proximal region of the gnathos (30:1, Fig. 4 A), and the palmate valva tip is more strongly projected ventrally in lateral view than in  O. fruhstorferi (27:0; Fig. 4 A–C). Although  O. sulcius and  O. fruhstorferi share a broad proximal arm of the FW postmedial band, the grouping of these two species as sister taxa increases tree length by one step. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD6784779DE1271FCD4285C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD6784679DE10CAFAA12C61.text	03D24409FFD6784679DE10CAFAA12C61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera aorsa	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> aorsa -group </p>
            <p> The name of this group is maintained from the original classification by Stichel (1902).  Opoptera staudingeri ,  O. aorsa ,  O. hilaris ,  O. arsippe and  O. bracteolata form a monophyletic group supported by three unambiguous character changes (Fig. 3 C): in dorsal view, anterior edge of tegumen markedly concave (character 19:1, Fig. 5 F); presence of projected ‘flaps’ on lateral edges of sterigma (35:1, Fig. 6 D–F); intersegmental sac between seventh abdominal sternite and sterigma with two lateral pockets (37:1, Fig. 6 F). Although I was unable to borrow females of  O. arsippe and  O. bracteolata for examination, based on the above distribution of character changes I predict that characters 35:1 (or variation thereof) and 37:1 will also be found in these species. </p>
            <p> The grouping of  O. aorsa ,  O. hilaris ,  O. arsippe and  O. bracteolata is supported by two unambiguous character changes (Fig. 3 C): presence of a HW tail at vein M3 (character 9:1; Fig. 1 E); Lateral uncus wings expanded laterally to form two dorsolateral keels (28:2, Fig. 5 D, H). Furthermore, these four species have an angular FW apex due to a small depression of the wing membrane at vein M3 (character 2:2; Fig. 1 D). </p>
            <p> Two other character changes are also of interest within this group.  Opoptera bracteolata is the only member of the  aorsa -group in which the males possess a thin hairpencil inside the HW discal cell (12:1, a secondary gain).  Opoptera arsippe is the only species in the genus in which the scent organ at HW vein Cu2 constitutes a shallow depression (15:1, Fig. 1 L) and not a ‘scent-pocket’ (15:2, Fig. 1 K; see Discussion). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD6784679DE10CAFAA12C61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.text	03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera syme (Hübner 1821) Hubner 1821	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera syme (Hübner, 1821)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 A, 2A, 2G–H, 4A, 5A, 6A)</p>
            <p>Type species of the genus by original designation.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Brazil.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.9–42.7 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with pale brown background from base through medial (FW) or postmedial areas (HW), turning darker brown distally. Overall background coloration slightly darker than  O. sulcius . FW with a conspicuous, orange ‘Y-shaped’ postmedial band that has a narrow proximal arm, and a well-developed (although broken) distal arm that intersects and obscures the subapical white spots. HW with a faded submarginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a well-defined white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally, and with a pale blue iridescence across the medial area of the HW. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Brazil (southeastern coast, Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo) (Brown 1992, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004, Appendix 1).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for  O. syme . It is unlikely that the specimen described by Rothshild (1916) as ssp. colombicola Rothshild was actually collected in Colombia. Although the male genitalia is nearly identical to  O. sulcius , differences were found in the female genitalia.  Opoptera syme and  sulcius seem to co-occur in a few sites along their ranges, such as Campos do Jordão and Reserva Estadual do Morro Grande, Cotia (both in São Paulo state), and Nova Friburgo and Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro; A.V.L. Freitas and K.S. Brown, pers. comm.). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD7784679DE154FFDF428B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.text	03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera sulcius (Staudinger 1887) Staudinger 1887	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera sulcius (Staudinger, 1887)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 B, 1I, 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 41.3– 43 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with pale brown background from base through medial (FW) or postmedial areas (HW), turning darker brown distally. Overall background color slightly lighter than  O. syme . FW with a conspicuous, orange ‘Y-shaped’ postmedial band that has a broad proximal arm, a well-developed (although broken) distal arm that intersects and obscures the subapical white spots, plus a thin submarginal band. HW with a well-developed orange submarginal band, plus a thin orange marginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a faded white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally, and devoid of iridescence. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Brazil, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Testón &amp; Corseuil 2002), Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo, Petrópolis; K.S. Brown pers. comm.).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for  O. sulcius . Although the male genitalia are nearly identical to  O. syme , differences were found in the female genitalia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD7784579DE10F8FC702FD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.text	03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera fruhstorferi (Röber 1896) Rober 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera fruhstorferi (Röber, 1896)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 C, 2C, 4C, 5C, 6C)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 37.5– 38 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with dark brown background. FW with a conspicuous, broad, white postmedial band and three subapical white spots. HW with a faded submarginal band. Males have a HW discal cell hairpencil and a scent-pocket. Ventral HW with a faded white postmedial band distal to the eyespots. Male genitalia more delicate than those of  O. syme and  O. sulcius . Females similar to, but paler than males dorsally. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Brazil, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Testón &amp; Corseuil 2002, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists no subspecies for  O. fruhstorferi . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD4784579DE1458FC282A34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.text	03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera aorsa (Godart 1824) Godart 1824	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera aorsa (Godart, 1824)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 D, 2D, 4D, 5D, 6D)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Brazil [presumably Atlantic forest]</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.1–41.6 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Although very similar to  O. hilaris , it can be distinguished by the following characters. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that is disjointed at cell M3, and a reduced distal arm that forms a very thin line that usually reaches the white crescent spot in cell M1. Posterior portion of this band usually forming a smooth curve, in contrast to a ‘coarser’ shape in  hilaris . A continuous transverse band is present across the center of the FW discal cell. HW submarginal band faded but noticeable. Similarly to  hilaris ,  aorsa males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a conspicuously long, dark hairbrush adjacent to vein 1A+2A, plus a smaller hairbrush inside cell Cu2 below the scent-pocket. Females are paler than males, and have brighter and thicker orange bands. The male genitalia of  aorsa and  hilaris are similar, being highly divergent from other  Opoptera (Fig. 4–5). The valvae are markedly thin, narrowed at base to produce a midline gap, and the sclerotized carena is elongated to form a solid, curved prong. In dorsal view, the uncus wings of  aorsa are conspicuously broader than those of  hilaris (compare Fig. 5 D and E). The female sterigma of  aorsa and  hilaris are markedly different (compare Fig. 6 D and E). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Brazil, Atlantic forest (Testón &amp; Corseuil 2002, Casagrande 2004, Appendix 1).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Casagrande (2004) listed four subspecies; the nominal  aorsa from Brazil, colombiana (Rothschild) from Colombia, fuscata Stichel from Brazil (Amazonas), and  hilaris Stichel from Ecuador, which is treated below. I dissected males and females from Espírito Santo and Paraná, Brazil (Appendix 1), and the genitalia and wing pattern were consistent among the specimen series, but differed from specimens collected in other areas (see below). </p>
            <p> Opoptera hilaris Stichel, 1901 ,  NEW STATUS (Fig. 1 E, 1J, 2E, 4E, 5E, 6E) </p>
            <p>Type locality. Ecuador.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 38.3–42.5 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Although very similar to  O. aorsa , it can be distinguished by the following characters. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that is disjointed at cell M3, and a reduced distal arm that forms a very thin line that usually does not reach the white crescent spot in cell M1. Posterior portion of this band usually ‘coarse’, in contrast to a somewhat smooth curve in  aorsa . The transverse band present across the center of the FW discal cell is composed of a series of contiguous small rounded segments (i.e., ‘broken’). HW submarginal band barely visible, contrasting the faded, but noticeable band seen in  aorsa . Similarly to  aorsa , males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a conspicuously long, dark hairbrush adjacent to vein 1A+2A, plus a smaller hairbrush inside cell Cu2 below the scent-pocket. Females are paler than males, have brighter and thicker orange bands, and faint blue iridescence. The male genitalia of  hilaris and  aorsa are similar, being highly divergent from other  Opoptera (Fig. 4–5). The valvae are markedly thin, narrowed at base to produce a midline gap, and the sclerotized carena is elongated to form a solid, curved prong. This prong is slightly wider in  hilaris than in  aorsa , and the serrations are slightly larger and therefore more noticeable. In dorsal view, the uncus wings of  hilaris are conspicuously narower than those of  aorsa (compare Fig. 5 E and D). The female sterigma of  hilaris and  aorsa are markedly different (compare Fig. 6 E and D). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, western Brazil (Amazon forest to Mato Grosso) (D’Abrera 1987, Casagrande 2004, A. Neild pers. comm., Appendix 1).</p>
            <p> Justification for new status. In his original description Stichel (1901) identified two key characters that separated Ecuadorean  O. aorsa hilaris from nominal  aorsa from Eastern Brazil: ventral FW discal cell with a broken transverse band, and dorsal HW solid brown (i.e., lacking the orange submarginal band present in  aorsa ). Neither the original nor subsequent descriptions (e.g., Stichel 1902) mentioned genitalia, and I thus assume that Stichel did not dissect  hilaris . I examined and dissected males from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil (Amazonas; Appendix 1). Although there is slight variation among these specimens, they can be consistently recognized as  hilaris by the characters given here, including genitalia (Fig. 1 E, 2E, 5E, 6E). The remarkable divergence in the female sterigma (Fig. 6 E) provides strong support for the separation of these two taxa.  Opoptera aorsa ocurrs in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, while  O. hilaris seems to be more widespread across the Amazonian region and western side of South America. It is unknown to me whether these species occur in sympatry. </p>
            <p> New combinations. The descriptions of the subspecies fuscata (Stichel 1908; Brazil, Amazonas, examined here) and colombiana (Rothshild 1916; Colombia, not available for examination) are consistent with the diagnostic characters of  hilaris . Therefore, two new combinations are proposed:  O. hilaris fuscata ,  NEW COMBINATION and  O. hilaris colombiana ,  NEW COMBINATION . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD4784479DE127DFC282809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.text	03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera staudingeri (Godman & Salvin 1894) Godman & Salvin 1894	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera staudingeri (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1894)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 F, 2F, 4F, 5F, 5I, 6F)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Panama.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Male FW length 46 mm (based on specimen in Appendix 1). FW apex slightly pointed and HW margin smooth. Wings with orange-brown background. FW with a conspicuous orange postmedial band that has a narrow proximal arm, and a reduced distal arm that is barely visible inside cells M2 and M1. HW with a well-developed orange marginal band. HW outline slightly bulging below M3, which is particularly obvious in the female in Fig. 2 F. Males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but have a scent-pocket.</p>
            <p> Females similar to, but paler than males. Overall gestalt similar to species of  Catoblepia . Unique genitalic characters include: dorsal outline of tegumen flat in lateral view; twisted valvae; and sterigma with two large, lateral, folded over projections with jagged edges and minute spines. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Panama, Costa Rica to Mexico (Fruhstorfer 1912, Maza &amp; Maza 1989, Casagrande 2004).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Casagrande (2004) lists two subspecies; the nominal  staudingeri from Panama, plus mexicana Maza &amp; Maza from Mexico (not available for examination).  Opoptera staudingeri is the only species of the genus for which a description of early stages has been published (DeVries 1987). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD5784379DE1095FB8C2F81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.text	03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera arsippe (Hoppfer 1874) Hoppfer 1874	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera arsippe (Hoppfer, 1874)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 G, 1K, 2G, 4G, 5G, 5J)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Peru.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 41.7–43.7 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with orange-brown background. FW with a thin orange postmedial band that can be disjointed at cell M3, and a reduced distal arm that does not reach the apical white spots. HW margins with very shallow depressions, as compared to other species of  Opoptera . HW with a conspicuous orange marginal band, including the tail. Males lack a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, but instead have a conspicuously long, broad and dark hairbrush in the cell that extends over the open scent organ next to vein Cu2. The scent organ next to Cu2 consists of a shallow concavity on the wing surface. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Peru, Bolivia? (Casagrande 2004).</p>
            <p> Remarks. I was unable to obtain females of this species for examination. Casagrande (2004) lists two subspecies; the nominal  arsippe from Peru, and  bracteolata Stichel from Bolivia, elevated here to full species (see below). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD2784379DE17EDFEE62A67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.text	03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opoptera bracteolata Stichel 1901	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opoptera bracteolata Stichel, 1901 ,  NEW STATUS</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1 H, 4H, 5H)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Bolivia.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Male FW length range 39.8–41.3 mm (based on specimens in Appendix 1). Wings with orange-brown background. FW orange postmedial band markedly reduced, broken into a series of independent spots that do not reach the anterior FW margin. HW with a thin orange marginal band. Males have a thin hairpencil inside HW discal cell, contrasting other species in the  aorsa -group. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Bolivia (Casagrande 2004).</p>
            <p> Justification for new status.  Opoptera bracteolata shows important differences from  O. arsippe that justify full species status. These two taxa have distinctive, easily diagnosable wing color patterns, and males have different wing scent organs (compare Fig. 1 H and G).  Opoptera bracteolata and  O. arsippe also have rather different male genitalia (Fig. 4 H and G, 5H and G), and such structural differences further support the notion that they are separate species. It is unknown to me whether these two taxa overlap geographically. Note that the specimen listed by Penz (2007) as  O. arsippe actually corresponds to  O. bracteolata . </p>
            <p>Remarks. I was unable to obtain females of this species for examination.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24409FFD2784379DE12B0FBE3292C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Penz, Carla M.	Penz, Carla M. (2009): The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 1985: 1-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185409
