taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D287FD7823FFB8FFB8D912FD33F871.taxon	description	Fig. 3 A.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7823FFB8FFB8D912FD33F871.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — The figured partial ventral valve NYSM 15701.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7823FFB8FFB8D912FD33F871.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — A single partial ventral valve representing Schizophoria (S.) sp. was recovered from Hanover Shale shell bed. The exfoliated ventral valve does not permit a definite species assignment, although it features molds of the impressed bilobate diductor scars (Fig. 4 A) divided by a medial ridge (site of adductor attachment) extending 2 – 3 mm beyond the diductor muscle field. The only Late Devonian species of Schizophoria described from New York with the ventral medial adductor ridge extending well beyond the diductor scars is S. (S.) impressa (Hall 1867: pl. 8: 11 – 19).	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7823FFB8FCF2DBC4FC65F871.taxon	description	Figs. 3 B – D.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7823FFB8FCF2DBC4FC65F871.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimens NYSM 15694, NYSM 15699, NYSM 15722; additional specimens NYSM 15726 (complete shell), NYSM 15700 (dorsal valve in matrix); eight unnumbered specimens on parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7823FFB8FCF2DBC4FC65F871.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Thirteen specimens recovered (four complete adult shells) are consistent with Hall’s species described originally from the “ arenaceous beds of the Chemung group near Leon, Conewego, and Randolph in Cattaraugus county ”. Consequently the precise origin of his type material remains unknown. See comments on distribution of this form above. Schuchert and Cooper (1932) questionably attributed to William’s Orthis leonensis to Thiemella. Dutro (1981: fig. 7) was the first to definitively attribute this form to Thiemella.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8D866FAFEFD17.taxon	description	Fig. 3 G.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8D866FAFEFD17.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — One partial ventral valve NYSM 15727, numerous unnumbered valve fragments, one ventral, and one partial dorsal valve (both unnumbered) on parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8D866FAFEFD17.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This form is a relatively common element of the HanoverShalefauna, althoughmostfrequentlyrepresentedby broken shell fragments of dorsal and ventral valves. The angular plications bounding the sulcus and upper part of the tongue (Fig. 3 G) arise anterior of mid−valve, and do not extend posteriorly to near the beak. External ornament preserved on external molds of partial ventral valves shows very fine concentric growth lines and very fine radial microcapillate microornament. It resembles species of Chapinella Savage et al., 1978, and is provisionally placed in that genus pending recovery of sufficient specimens to verify its identity.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FCF2DB9EFA99F8A0.taxon	description	Figs. 3 I, J, 4 F, G.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FCF2DB9EFA99F8A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimens NYSM 15695, NYSM 15696, NYSM 15697, NYSM 15706, unfigured specimen NYSM 15698, and an estimated 60 – 80 unnumbered specimens on parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FCF2DB9EFA99F8A0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This is a common element of the lower Famennian Hanover brachiopod bed fauna represented by juvenile and adults shells (up to 25 mm in width). The upper Frasnian occurrences of Praewaagenoconcha speciosa (Hall, 1867) and the closely related form P. lachrymosa (Hall, 1867) in New York (see comments in Leighton 2000) are the oldest documented representatives of the genus in North America. Most other occurrences of the genus, primarily from the Great Basin (Johnson et al. 1969; Bratton and Day 1997; Bratton 1997; Morrow 2000) of western North America are all early Famennian in age (see discussion above).	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8DEA9FEB1F934.taxon	description	Fig. 3 E, F.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8DEA9FEB1F934.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Two mature shells NYSM 15699, NYSM 15722, and a juvenile ventral valve NYSM 15694, 15 unnumbered partial compacted ventral and dorsal valves on parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD7822FFB9FFB8DEA9FEB1F934.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The limited material (three partial ventral valves and numerous fragments) do not permit a definitive generic assignment. The angular plications originating near the beak of the ventral valve are a common feature seen in a number of genera known from upper Frasnian – lower Famennian deposits. It is likely that this form represents a species of Ripidiorhynchus Sartenaer (1966). The best−preserved ventral valves are close to the Frasnian form R. kermanensis Brice (1999) illustrated by her from the Frasnian of Kerman Province of eastern Iran. The Hanover material is provisionally placed in that genus pending discovery of additional well−preserved shells in the Upper Devonian of New York. The specimens (Fig. 3 E, F) also bear an external resemblance to shells of Sinotectirostrum Sartenaer (1961 a). Of the species described from North America, the limited material (NYSM 15723 with shoulder angle of 115 °) from the Hanover Shale is most similar to S. medicinale deceptum Sartenaer (1969: his paratype GSC 15900) described from very low in the Sassenach Formation of western Alberta. Raasch (1989) lists species of Sinotectirostrum from six of his seven Famennian brachiopod zones (zones DFM 1 to DFM 6) that span the interval from the Lower Pa. triangularis through the Pa. trachytera zones of the Upper Devonian Famennian conodont zonation. Sartenaer (1969: fig. 2) portrays the range inception of S. medicinale deceptum very low in the Lower Pa. triangularis Zone, below species typical of his Eoparaphorynchus ZoneinwesternCanada. IftheHanoverspecimensprovetobe Sinotectirostrum, then the occurrence of this genus in New York (very low in the Lower Pa. triangularis Zone) would be similar to its lowest occurrences in the lowermost Famennian in western Canada. Ripidiorhynchus? sp. bears some resemblance to Rhynchonella (Stenocisma) contracta (Hall 1867: 351, pl. 55: 26 – 39) attributed by Linsley (1994) to Cupularostrum Sartenaer (1961 b).	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782DFFB6FFB8DA35FBEEF871.taxon	description	Fig. 4 A – D.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782DFFB6FFB8DA35FBEEF871.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimens NYSM 15704, NYSM 15705, NYSM 15718; unfigured specimens NYSM 15708, NYSM 15709, and NYSM 15710; and approximately 2,000 unnumbered complete and partial shells on surfaces of parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782DFFB6FFB8DA35FBEEF871.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This small chonetid (4 – 8 mm in width) is the numerically dominant species in the fauna of the Hanover shell bed. This form was initially interpreted as a new genus by Day (1997). However, careful study of numerous specimens indicates that the chonetid in the Hanover Shale shell bed is a species of Retichonetes Muir−Wood (1962) close to R. obscurus Cooper and Dutro (1982) described from the Ready Pay and Box members of the Percha Formation of southern New Mexico. Cooper and Dutro (1982: fig. 7) show the Percha as possibly spanning the interval of the Upper Pa. crepida Zone to Po. styriacus Zone (lower – upper Famennian). The Po. styriacus Zone as shown in fig. 7 of Cooper and Dutro (1982) is equivalent to the Lower and Upper Pa. postera and Lower Pa. expansa zones of the current Famennian conodont zonation (see revisions by Ziegler and Sandberg 1984: 183 – 184, figs. 1 – 4). Retichonetes obscurus from New Mexico is similar to the Hanover specimens in overall shape and size and numbers of costellae. The Hanover form differs by the presence of well preserved concentric growth lines on the rounded costellae and in the interspaces, and having a better developed dorsal septum than that shown for R. obscurus (Cooper and Dutro 1982: pl. 11: 24). Another similar form Retichonetes sp. is illustrated by Schwimmer and Feldmann (1991: figs. 7.1 – 7.8) from the Famennian Chagrin Shale of northeast Ohio. Their shells are similar to the Hanover material in overall shape, size, and in the high angle (60 to 90 °) that the oblique orthomorph spines arise from the posterior margin of the ventral valve. They do not mention the reticulated ornament typical of species of Retichonetes (Muir−Wood 1965: H 428, fig. 286). Reticulated ornament is seen on shells of R. aff. R. obscurus with well preserved shell material, produced where fine concentric growth lines cross the radial costellae. Spines along the ventral cardinal margins in both the Hanover specimens and R. sp. from the Chagrin Shale of Ohio (Schwimmer and Feldmann 1991) arise at high angles as is typical for the genus (see Muir−Wood 1962: 62, 1965: figs. 285, 286).	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FFB8D863FA06FDB0.taxon	description	Fig. 4 J.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FFB8D863FA06FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimen NYSM 15719, crushed specimen of ventral valve shown in the upper left part of Fig. 5 D, three additional specimens on same slab as aforementioned specimens (two ventral, one dorsal valve). Remarks. — The dorsal valve shown in Fig. 5 J (NYSM 15719) is comparable to Hall’s (1867) dorsal valve illustrated on his pl. 44 (fig. 19). The two unnumbered specimens of ventral valves have a ventral sinus originating near the beak as seen Hall’s (1867: pl. 44: 19 – 25) A. gregaria. Additional material isrequiredtoconfirmthisprovisionalspeciesidentification.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FFB8DD35FF0AF951.taxon	description	Fig. 4 H, I.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FFB8DD35FF0AF951.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimens NYSM 15691 and NYSM 15692.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FFB8DD35FF0AF951.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The available specimens are consistent with the species as described by Greiner (1957: 29). It must be pointed out that Greiner (1957) illustrated at least two distinct genera under the name C. hornellensis. One of the two dorsal valves (his “ larger, presumably gerontic, individual ” of Yale Peabody Museum number 19435 B) illustrated in his pl. 7 (fig. 6, right−hand specimen) represents a new genus, which will be described (Ma and Day personal communication 2001) from the lower Famennian of South China. Cyrtospirifer hornellensis is about half the size (width), has a narrower sinus and fewer flank plications, and lacks the medial groove on the dorsal fold of the much larger Cyrtospirifer sulcifer (Hall and Clarke, 1894). That form serves as the nominal species for the lowest Famennian C. sulcifer Assemblage Zone of Dutro (1981: 80, figs. 2, 7). As defined, that zone spans the interval of the Canadaway Group, immediately above the Java Formation of New York. Cyrtospirifer sulcifer (Hall and Clarke, 1894) is not a true Cyrtospirifer and is considered here a species of Pripyatispirifer Pushkin (1996). According to Greiner (1957) his illustrated specimens of C. hornellensis were collected 140 feet (42.6 meters) below the top of the upper Frasnian Wiscoy Formation (now Java Formation) and overlying deposits of the lower Famennian “ Casaseraga formation ” (= Caneadea Formation of the modern nomenclature). Greiner portrays its upper range (see his fig. 4) as somewhere high in the lower Famennian. Thus far, our material represents its lowest Famennian occurrence directly associated with Lower Pa. triangularis Zone conodonts in the upper part of the Hanover Shale of eastern North America.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB4FCF2D920FE70FA58.taxon	description	Fig. 5 D – F.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB4FCF2D920FE70FA58.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The P 1 (Pa, I) element of Icriodus alternatus is straight to slightly curved; the middle row of denticles are low, compressed, or poorly developed, and may alternate with or be fused to outer denticles. The basal cavity is expanded to widely flared under the posterior third of element. Icriodus alternatus alternatus is distinguished from I. alternatus helmsi byaP 1 elementinwhichthecuspisalignedwith the medial denticles. Specimens from the upper Hanover Shale possess rounded median denticles fused to the lateral denticles. This morphology is suggestive of I. iowaensis Youngquist and Peterson, 1947, but the lateral and median denticles are not aligned, as well as the fact that no axial ridge connects the medial denticles.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FCF2DDC1FB15FABA.taxon	description	Fig. 4 E.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FCF2DDC1FB15FABA.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Figured specimen NYSM 15711, and approximately 180 additional unnumbered specimens on parts and counterparts of split slabs.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782CFFB7FCF2DDC1FB15FABA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This is a long ranging species in the Late Devonian of New York. It is the nominal species of Dutro’s (1981: 78, figs. 2, 7) middle Frasnian Tylothyris mesacostalis Assemblage Zone. Its range in the New York Upper Devonian is shown to begin in the upper part of the Sonyea Group (mid Frasnian) and terminates in the Conneaut Group at the top of the interval of Dutro’s (1981: figs. 2, 7) Famennian Spinulicosta arctirostrata Assemblage Zone.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782FFFB4FFB8DAD1FED7F8CF.taxon	description	Fig. 5 G.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782FFFB4FFB8DAD1FED7F8CF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The P 1 (Pa, I) element of Icriodus alternatus helmsi is characterized by alignment of the cusp with the innerlateraldenticles. Specimensinwhichthemedialdenticles are absent commonly occur in the Lower Pa. triangularis Zone through Middle Pa. crepida Zone (Sandberg and Dreesen 1984).	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782FFFB4FCF2DA0DFB40F973.taxon	description	Fig. 5 A – C.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
03D287FD782FFFB4FCF2DA0DFB40F973.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The lowest occurrence of Palmatolepis triangularis has been used to define the base of the Famennian and the Lower Pa. triangularis Zone, although rare specimens occur in the uppermost Frasnian prior to the final extinction event and horizon recognized as the Frasnian – Famennian boundary (Klapper et al. 1994; Schülke 1995; Over 1997). In practice the boundary is recognized by the absence (extinction) of Frasnian conodont species and the lowest abundant occurrence of Pa. triangularis.	en	Day, Jed, Over, D. Jeffrey (2002): Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2): 189-202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13174914
