identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D287F1FFEDFFC4FF29FB97E654D741.text	03D287F1FFEDFFC4FF29FB97E654D741.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemaspis lagang Nashriq & Davis & Bauer & Das 2022	<div><p>Cnemaspis lagang sp. nov.</p><p>North Sarawak Day Gecko; Cicak Gua Mulu</p><p>Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Table 1</p><p>Holotype. Adult male, UNIMAS 9562, collected by Izneil Nashriq on 10 February 2020 at 22:45 hrs, from the base of Gunung Api (4.13608°N, 114.891304°E; 90 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.891304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.13608" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.891304/lat 4.13608)">Gunung Mulu National Park</a>, Miri District, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo).</p><p>Paratype. Adult male, UNIMAS 9591, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq, on 22 July 2017 at 22:00 hrs, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.824196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.050144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.824196/lat 4.050144)">Lagang Cave</a> (4.050144°N, 114.824199°E; 100 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.824196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.050144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.824196/lat 4.050144)">Gunung Mulu National Park</a>, Miri District, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo) .</p><p>Diagnosis. SVL up to 46 mm; 13–14 supralabials; 10–11 infralabials; 3 internasals; 9–10 postmentals; adult males with 7–8 discontinuous pore-bearing, precloacal scales with round pores, arranged in a chevron, separated at midline by 2–4 poreless scales; paravertebral and lateral row of caudal tubercles present; ventrolateral caudal tubercles absent; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; subcaudals keeled, not bearing row of enlarged median subcaudal scales; 1–2/1–2 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles on each side of tail base; no enlarged femoral or subtibial scales; submetatarsal scales of first toe enlarged; 29 subdigital fourth toe lamellae; faint Dusky Brown and Trogon Yellow caudal bands anteriorly; tail immaculate posteriorly; and regenerated tail also immaculate.</p><p>Description of holotype. Male with original tail, immaculate posteriorly; supralabials 13/14 (L/R); infralabials 11/11 (L/R); snout-vent length 46 mm; head short (HL/SVL 0.29), narrow (HW/SVL 0.28), depressed (HD/HL 0.33), distinct from neck; snout long (ES/HW 0.63), much longer than eye diameter (ED/ES 0.55); scales on snout and forehead tuberculate, with posterior portion of each scale raised; scales on snout larger than those on occipital region; eye small (ED/HL 0.23); orbits of eyes with extra-brillar fringes; pupil round; enlarged supraciliaries on top half of orbit; tympanum deep, oval shaped, greatest diameter vertically, narrow (EL/HL 0.10); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eyes (EE/ED 1.28); rostral half as deep as wide, contacted posteriorly by 2 nasals and 3 internasals, and rostrals in contact with supralabial I. Nostrils oval, situated within nasals, and oriented dorsally; nostrils not in contact with supralabial I. 7 postnasals bound nasal; mental ovate, much deeper than wide, 9 postmentals border mental; chin scales meet infralabials.</p><p>Body slender, short (AG/SVL 0.43); ventral scales keeled, increase in size from chin region to gular, pectoral and abdominal regions. Dorsal scales increase in size from head to nape and body. Scales on dorsum at midbody approximately equal to those of venter at same level; vertebral scales not reduced; no paravertebral rows of tubercles on dorsum; pectoral and abdominal scales distinctly elongated, imbricate and unicarinate; discontinuous rows of 4/4 (L/R), pore-bearing, precloacal scales with round pores, arranged in a chevron, separated at midline by 4 poreless scales, in adult males; no femoral pores; no preanal groove.</p><p>Forelimbs relatively long, slender, shorter than hindlimbs (FL/SVL 0.19, TBL/SVL 0.22). Dorsal scales on forelimbs, raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly; ventral scales of forelimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Dorsal scales of hindlimbs raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly; ventral scales of hindlimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Palmar and plantar scales smooth, granular, raised. Digits elongate, all bearing claws that are slightly recurved; subdigital scansors entire, except for 1–2 fragmented at base of digits, unnotched; an enlarge scansor towards base of digits, which is over twice width of other scansors; interdigital webbing absent. Subdigital lamellae (manus) I (13); II (21); III (23); IV (27); V (21); (pes) I (11); II (19); III (23); IV (29); V (24).</p><p>Original tail longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.33); tail base distinctly swollen; tail arranged in segmented whorls; caudal tubercles keeled, arranged in paravertebral and lateral rows; caudal tubercles do not encircle tail at each whorl; 1/1 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles; tail with distinct pair of furrows laterally; subcaudal scales unicarinate and no enlarged median subcaudals.</p><p>Variation in paratype. Male with a regenerated tail; SVL 46 mm; supralabials 14/14 (L/ R); infralabials 10/10 (L/ R); head short (HL/ SVL 0.29), narrow (HW/ SVL 0.18), depressed (HD/HL 0.38), distinct from neck; snout long (ES/ HW 0.72), longer than eye diameter (ED/ ES 0.46); eye small (ED/HL 0.21); tympanum deep, oval shaped, greatest diameter vertically, narrow (EL/HL 0.08); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eyes (EE/ ED 1.45); mental bell-shaped, much deeper than wide, 10 postmentals border mental. Body slender, short (AG/ SVL 0.42); discontinuous rows of 3/4 (L/ R), pore-bearing, precloacal scales with round pores, arranged in a chevron, separated at midline by 4 poreless scales; no femoral pores; no precloacal groove. Forelimbs moderately long, slender shorter than hindlimbs (FL/ SVL 0.20, TBL/ SVL 0.24). Subdigital lamellae (manus) I (14); II (19); III (24); IV (25); V (22); (pes) I (13); II (19); III (23); IV (29); V (24). Regenerated tail shorter than snout-vent length (TL/ SVL 0.53). 1/2 (L/ R) postcloacal tubercles; Tail with distinct pair of furrows laterally. Subcaudal scales unicarinate .</p><p>Skeletal notes. Both specimens (UNIMAS 9591 and UNIMAS 9562) have 25 presacral and 2 sacral vertebrae. The low presacral count is uncommon in geckos in general (26 is typical; Hoffstetter and Gasc, 1969). The phalangeal formulae are plesiomorphic for geckos: 2–3–4–5–3 manus and 2–3–4–5–4 pes. Both specimens are skeletally mature, showing fusion of the long bone epiphyses.</p><p>Colouration in life. Holotype; Raw Umber head, Venetian Blue shade interorbitally and around postorbital; ventral surface of head Raw Umber with Pratt’s Payne’s Gray spots; body and limbs Trogon Yellow; ground colour of nape and shoulder region Olive-Brown bearing Dusky Brown lines from orbit; a pair of medium, amorphous, Dusky Brown spots in shoulder region; Sulfur Yellow flecks on flank, forelimbs and hind limbs; small, scattered, Dusky Brown spots between limb insertion; rows of Dusky brown lines along vertebral column; proximal half of tail Trogon Yellow bearing faint, Dusky Brown bands; ventral surfaces Cinnamon with Verona Brown except for tail which is Trogon Yellow and posterior tail immaculate.</p><p>Paratype; Dorsal ground colour of head, body and limbs dark Brownish Olive; head bearing small, occipital flecks; ground colour of nape and shoulder region Olive-Brown bearing paravertebral patches of irregularly shaped, dark blotches; transverse, Sulfur Yellow flecks between forelimb and hind limb insertions; anterior one-half of tail Brownish Olive bearing faint, dark bands; all ventral surfaces Dark Grey except for tail which is Buff Yellow; regenerated tail Buff Yellow with whitish tip.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet lagang is a noun in apposition derived from the paratype locality of Lagang Cave, within Gunung Mulu National Park.</p><p>Natural history. The species is nocturnal and was collected between 2000 and 2300 hrs, below 100 m asl of Melinau Limestone formation to which the species is apparently restricted (Figure 4). Ambient temperature was 26°C, and relative humidity 89.9% RH under clear night skies at the time of collection. The holotype was encountered perching head-down on a stalactite at the base of Gunung Api, while the paratype was on the entrance wall of Lagang Cave. They occur sympatrically with Cyrtodactylus consobrinus, C. miriensis and C. muluensis but only syntopically with the last of these.</p><p>Comparisons. Cnemaspis lagang sp. nov. differs from other Bornean Cnemaspis by having Raw Umber head with Venetian Blue shade on interorbital region; 13–14 supralabials (versus 11–13 in C. leucura and 12–13 in C. sirehensis sp. nov.); 9–10 postmentals (versus 3 in C. kendallii, 5–7 in C. nigridia, 6–9 in C. paripari, 4–6 in C. leucura, 5–9 in C. matahari sp. nov., and 6–7 in C. sirehensis sp. nov.); discontinuous rows of 7–8, pore-bearing, precloacal scales (versus none in C. kendallii, 5–6 in C. dringi, and 14–15 in C. nigridia,); 1–2/1–2 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles (versus 2–3/ 2–3 in C. kendallii, 2–3/ 2–3 in C. paripari, 3–8/ 3–8 in C. leucura and 2–7/ 2–7 in C. matahari sp. nov.); ventrolateral caudal tubercles absent (versus present in C. kendallii, C. nigridia, C. paripari, C. leucura and C. matahari sp. nov.); keeled subcaudals versus smooth in C. nigridia; no enlarged median subcaudal scales; tail with Faint Dusky Brown and Trogon Yellow caudal bands anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly (versus Dusky Brown and Buff-Yellow caudal bands in C. kendallii, Dusky Brown and Orange Yellow caudal bands in C. nigridia, Pratt’s Payne’s Gray anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly in C. paripari, faint Dusky Brown and Lavender caudal bands anteriorly, immaculate posteriorly in C. matahari sp. nov., and Brownish Olive and Sulfur Yellow caudal bands in C. sirehensis sp. nov.); 25–27 subdigital fourth finger lamellae (versus 29 in C. dringi and 26–31 in C. matahari sp. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287F1FFEDFFC4FF29FB97E654D741	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nashriq, Izneil;Davis, Hayden R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Das, Indraneil	Nashriq, Izneil, Davis, Hayden R., Bauer, Aaron M., Das, Indraneil (2022): Three New Species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo. Zootaxa 5120 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.1
03D287F1FFE3FFC0FF29FEE5E68FD595.text	03D287F1FFE3FFC0FF29FEE5E68FD595.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemaspis matahari Nashriq & Davis & Bauer & Das 2022	<div><p>Cnemaspis matahari sp. nov.</p><p>White Rock Gecko; Cicak Batu Putih</p><p>Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Table 2</p><p>Holotype. Adult male, UNIMAS 9602, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq on 5 August 2017, from the Serian-Tebedu limestone hills (1.131015°N, 110.443988°E; 50 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.443985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.131015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.443985/lat 1.131015)">Serian</a>, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo).</p><p>Paratypes. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.443985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.131015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.443985/lat 1.131015)">Serian-Tebedu</a> limestone hills (1.131015°N, 110.443988°E; 50 m), Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo) UNIMAS 9603 collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq on 5 August 2017 ; UNIMAS 9606, UNIMAS 9607, UNIMAS 9608, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq on 28 May 2018; UNIMAS 9573, UNIMAS 9574, collected by Izneil Nashriq and Indraneil Das on 22 June 2019; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.35077&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.355571" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.35077/lat 1.355571)">Kampung Mambong</a>, Siburan (1.355571°N, 110.350767°E; 50 m) UNIMAS 9611, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq on 4 June 2018 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.25434&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.318342" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.25434/lat 1.318342)">Jambusan-Semadang</a> limestone hills (1.318342°N, 110.254339°E; 50 m), Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo) UNIMAS 9615, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq on 6 June 2018 .</p><p>Diagnosis. SVL up to 56 mm; 11–14 supralabials; 9–13 infralabials; 2–3 internasals; 5–9 postmentals; ventral scales keeled; adult males with a discontinuous row of 6–12 pore-bearing, precloacal scales with round pores arranged in a chevron, separated at midline by 2–4 poreless scales; paravertebral and lateral row of caudal tubercles present; ventrolateral caudal tubercles absent; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; subcaudals keeled, bearing an enlarged median row of keeled subcaudal scales; 2–7/2–7 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles on each side of tail base; no enlarged femoral or subtibial scales; submetatarsal scales of first toe enlarged; 24–31 fourth toe subdigital lamellae; faint Dusky Brown and Lavender caudal bands anteriorly, immaculate posteriorly; and regenerated tail Spectrum Yellow.</p><p>Description of holotype. Male with an original tail; snout-vent length 55 mm; supralabials 14/13 (L/R); infralabials 12/12 (L/R); head short (HL/SVL 0.26), narrow (HW/SVL 0.18), depressed (HD/HL 0.43), distinct from neck; snout long (ES/HW 0.65), much longer than eye diameter (ED/ES 0.50); scales on snout and forehead weakly keeled, with posterior portion of each scale raised; scales on snout larger than those on occipital region; eye small (ED/HL 0.22); orbits of eyes with extra-brillar fringes; pupil round; enlarged supraciliaries on top half of orbit; tympanum deep, oval shaped, greatest diameter vertically, narrow (EL/HL 0.11); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eyes (EE/ED 1.19); rostral half as deep as wide, contacted posteriorly by 2 nasals and 2 internasals, rostrals is in contact with supralabial I. Nostrils oval, situated within nasals, and oriented dorsally; nostrils are in narrow contact with supralabial I; 6 postnasals bound nasal; mental large, subtriangular, much deeper than wide, five postmentals border mental; chin scales meet infralabials.</p><p>Body slender, short (AG/SVL 0.41); ventral scales equal in size from chin region to gular; increase in size from gular to pectoral and abdominal regions, weakly keeled. Dorsal scales increase in size from head to nape and subequal throughout trunk. Scales on dorsum at midbody approximately equal to those of venter at same level; vertebral scales not reduced; paravertebral rows of tubercles on dorsum present; dorsal tubercles extend from occiput to base of tail; tubercles dense dorsally and absent on lower flanks; pectoral and abdominal scales distinctly elongated, imbricate and unicarinate; precloacal scales oval, unicarinate; discontinuous row of 6/6 (L/R), pore bearing, precloacal scales with round pores arranged in a chevron, separated by 3 keeled, poreless scales; no femoral pores; no preanal groove.</p><p>Forelimbs moderately long, slender, shorter than hindlimbs (FL/SVL 0.20, TBL/SVL 0.23). Dorsal scales on forelimbs, raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. ventral scales of forelimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Dorsal scales of hindlimbs raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly; ventral scales of hindlimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Palmar and plantar scales smooth, granular, raised. Digits elongate, all bearing claws that are slightly recurved; subdigital scansors entire, except for 1–2 fragmented at base of digits, unnotched; an enlarge scansor towards the base of digits, which is more than twice width of other scansors; interdigital webbing absent. Subdigital lamellae (manus) I (15); II (20); III (26); IV (29); V (20); (pes) I (12); II (20); III (24); IV (29); V (23).</p><p>Original tail, longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.28); tail base distinctly swollen; tail arranged in segmented whorls; caudal tubercles keeled, arranged on paravertebral and lateral rows; caudal tubercles do not encircle tail at each whorl; 2/2 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles; tail with distinct pairs of furrows laterally; subcaudal scales unicarinate; a single median row of enlarged, keeled, imbricate, subcaudal scales with 3–4 scales per segment.</p><p>Variation in paratype. The seven males (UNIMAS 9573, 9603, 9606-9608, 9611, 9615) and one female paratype (UNIMAS 9574) closely resemble the holotype in colour and pattern, but differ in the shade of colouration. Spectrum Yellow on upper flanks extends to paravertebral region or further to axillary region. 10–14 supralabials; 9–13 infralabials; 2–3 internasals; 5–9 postmentals; discontinuous row of 6–12 precloacal scales with round pores separated at midline by 2–4 poreless scales; 2–7/2–7 (L/ R) postcloacal tubercles on side of tail base; tail arranged in segmented whorls; caudal tubercles do not encircle tail at each whorl; subcaudals with a single median row of imbricated, enlarged, keeled, raised, subtriangular scales, with 3–4 scales per segment. All show regenerated tails with differing proportions of original tail present. Tails regenerated from base or middle are yellow. Scales from dorsal to ventrolateral surfaces of regenerated tail are small, keeled, slightly imbricate, and subequal in size .</p><p>Skeletal notes. Holotype UNIMAS 9602 and paratype UNIMAS 9603 have 26 presacral and 2 sacral vertebrae. The phalangeal formulae are 2–3–4–5–3 manus and 2–3–4–5–4 pes. Both specimens are skeletally mature, showing fusion of epiphyses.</p><p>Colouration in life. Dorsal ground colour of body and limbs Trogon Yellow; head Spectrum Yellow; ground colour of nape and shoulder region Pratt’s Payne’s Gray bearing a pair of medium, round, Dusky Brown spots in shoulder axillary; white flecks on nape to shoulder region; faint Sulfur Yellow banding on body; digits Pratt’s Payne’s Gray with faint dark banding; anterior one-half of tail Lavender bearing faint, Dusky Brown bands; posterior one-half of original tail immaculate; all ventral surfaces Pratt’s Payne’s Gray except for posterior half of tail, which is white; and regenerated tail Spectrum Yellow.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet matahari is Malay for sun, in reference to the yellowish tint on the species. It is used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Natural history. Found on limestone escarpments and outcrops and is exclusive to the Siburan and Serian Districts. Individuals were collected between 2000–2200 hrs. Surveys suggest the geckos are mostly active (emerging from rock crevices) when moisture and humidity are high. During dry conditions, when the temperature is relatively high, geckos are not observed in the open. Water droplets can be seen dripping from the limestone formations at the sites where this gecko occurs. Small streams are present with their sources within the karst. Limestone hills are surrounded by vegetation (dipterocarp forest and herbaceous plants, Figure 7). Cnemaspis matahari sp. nov. occurs sympatrically with the Cyrtodactylus geckos C. limajalur, C. consobrinus and C. pubisulcus, with Cnemaspis found on the lower part of the limestone hill close to the ground, whereas Cyrtodactylus spp. occur from ground level up to&gt; 10 m.</p><p>Comparisons. Cnemaspis matahari sp. nov. differs from other Bornean Cnemaspis by having a bright yellow head, body and limbs; 10–14 supralabials; 9–13 infralabials (versus 10–11 in C. lagang sp. nov.); 5–9 postmentals (versus 3 in C. kendallii, 10 in C. dringi, 10–11 in C. lagang sp. nov.); discontinuous rows of 6–12, pore bearing, precloacal scales (versus none in C. kendallii, 5–6 in C. dringi, 14–15 in nigridia); 2–7/2–7 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles (versus 1–2/ 1–2 in C. lagang sp. nov. and 1–2/ 1–2 in C. sirehensis sp. nov.); 26–31 subdigital fourth toe lamellae (versus 29 in C. dringi); having weekly keeled enlarged median subcaudal scales (versus smooth enlarged median subcaudal in C. nigridia, C. leucura, and C. paripari); faint Dusky Brown and Lavender caudal bands anteriorly, immaculate posteriorly and regenerated tail Spectrum Yellow (versus Dusky Brown and Buff-Yellow caudal bands in C. kendallii, Dusky Brown and Orange Yellow caudal bands in C. nigridia, Pratt’s Payne’s Gray anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly in C. paripari, Faint Dusky Brown and Trogon Yellow caudal bands anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly in C. lagang sp. nov., and Brownish Olive and Sulfur Yellow caudal bands in C. sirehensis sp. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287F1FFE3FFC0FF29FEE5E68FD595	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nashriq, Izneil;Davis, Hayden R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Das, Indraneil	Nashriq, Izneil, Davis, Hayden R., Bauer, Aaron M., Das, Indraneil (2022): Three New Species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo. Zootaxa 5120 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.1
03D287F1FFE7FFDBFF29FB9CE509D269.text	03D287F1FFE7FFDBFF29FB9CE509D269.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemaspis sirehensis Nashriq & Davis & Bauer & Das 2022	<div><p>Cnemaspis sirehensis sp. nov.</p><p>Blue Day Gecko; Cicak Gua Sireh</p><p>Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Table 3</p><p>Holotype. Adult female, UNIMAS 9609, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq, on 2 June 2018, from Gua Sireh (1.180407°N, 110.463391°E; 50 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.463394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.180407" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.463394/lat 1.180407)">Gunung Nambi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.463394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.180407" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.463394/lat 1.180407)">Kampung Bantang</a>, Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo).</p><p>Paratype. Adult female, UNIMAS 9610, collected by Hayden Davis and Izneil Nashriq, on 2 June 2018, and UNIMAS 9715, collected by Izneil Nashriq, Wong Jye Wen and Indraneil Das, from Gua Sireh (1.180407°N, 110.463391°E, 50 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.463394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.180407" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.463394/lat 1.180407)">Gunung Nambi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.463394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.180407" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.463394/lat 1.180407)">Kampung Bantang</a>, Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo) .</p><p>Diagnosis. SVL up to 49 mm; 12–13 supralabials; 10–12 infralabials; 3 internasals; 6–7 postmentals; subtibial scales keeled; ventrolateral caudal tubercles absent; paravertebral and lateral row of caudal tubercles present; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; subcaudals keeled, bearing an enlarged median row of weakly keeled scales; 1–2/1–2 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles on each side of tail base; no enlarged femoral or subtibial scales; submetatarsal scales of first toe enlarged; 26–30 fourth toe subdigital lamellae.</p><p>Description of holotype. Adult female with original tail, dark banded. Snout-vent length 47 mm; supralabials 12/12 (L/R); infralabials 10/10 (L/R); head oblong, short (HL/SVL 0.30), narrow (HW/SVL 0.18), depressed (HD/HL 0.36), distinct from neck; snout moderately long (ES/HW 0.69), longer than eye diameter (ED/ES 0.54); scales on snout and forehead weakly keeled, with posterior portion of each scale raise; scales on snout larger than those on occipital region; eye small (ED/HL 0.22); orbits of eyes with extra-brillar fringes; pupil round; enlarged supraciliaries on top half of orbit; tympanum deep, oval shaped, greatest diameter vertically, narrow (EL/HL 0.09); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eyes (EE/ED 1.19); rostral half as deep as wide, contacted posteriorly by 2 nasals and 3 internasals, rostrals is in contact with supralabial I. Nostrils oval, situated within nasals, and oriented dorsally; nostrils are in narrow contact with supralabial I. 5 postnasals bound nasal; mental large, subtriangular, much deeper than wide, 7 postmentals border mental; chin scales meet infralabials.</p><p>Body slender, short (AG/SVL 0.43); ventral scales equal in size from chin region to gular; increase in size from gular to pectoral and abdominal regions, weakly keeled. Dorsal scales increase in size from head to nape and subequal throughout trunk. Scales on dorsum at midbody approximately equal to those of venter at same level; vertebral scales not reduced; paravertebral rows of tubercles on dorsum present; dorsal tubercles extend from occiput to base of tail; tubercles dense dorsally and absent on lower flanks; pectoral and abdominal scales distinctly elongated, imbricate and unicarinate; no femoral pores and preanal groove.</p><p>Forelimbs moderately long, slender, shorter than hindlimbs (FL/SVL 0.20, TBL/SVL 0.23). Dorsal scales on forelimbs, raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly; ventral scales of forelimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Dorsal scales of hindlimbs raised, unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly; ventral scales of hindlimbs slightly raised, slightly unicarinate, juxtaposed, reduced in size posteriorly. Palmar and plantar scales smooth, granular, raised. Digits elongate, all bearing claws that are slightly recurved; subdigital scansors entire, except for 1–2 fragmented at base of digits, unnotched; an enlarge scansor towards base of digits, which is over twice width of other scansors; interdigital webbing absent. Subdigital lamellae (manus) I (13); II (19); III (21); IV (24); V (18); (pes) I (10); II (17); III (23); IV (26); V (23).</p><p>Original tail, longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.22); tail base distinctly swollen; tail arranged in segmented whorls; caudal tubercles subspinous, raised, weakly keeled, arranged on paravertebral and lateral row; tubercles do not encircle tail; 2/1 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles; tail with a distinct pair of furrows laterally; a single median row of enlarged, weakly keeled, imbricate, subcaudal scales with 3 or 4 scales per segment.</p><p>Variation in paratypes. A total of two adult females (UNIMAS 9610 and 9715) indistinguishable from holotype apart from aspects of scale morphology and colouration; 12–13 supralabials; 11–12 infralabials; 6–7 postmentals. They have yellow regenerated tail. Scales from dorsal to ventral surface of regenerated tail are small, keeled, slightly imbricate, and equal in size.</p><p>Colouration in life. Dorsal ground colour of head, body and limbs Raw Umber; head Trogon Yellow, bearing small, occipital flecks; nape and shoulder region bearing Dusky Brown patches of irregularly shaped, dark blotches; Pratt's Payne's Gray patches on paravertebral; small, scattered, Spectrum Yellow flecks between limb insertion; irregular Citrine bands on forelimbs and hind limbs; Tail with Brownish Olive and Sulfur Yellow banding from tail base to tip; and Trogon Yellow regenerated tail.</p><p>Natural History. The species is nocturnal, with individuals being collected between 2000–2200 hrs from limestone escarpments surfaces, within narrow rock crevices, outside the entrance of Gua Sireh, in Serian. No individuals were found inside the cave. Small streams originating from the limestone formation are present. The limestone hills are edged by dipterocarp forests as well as secondary forests, as well as plantations at the foot of the hills (Figure 10). Cnemaspis sirehensis sp. nov. occurs sympatrically with Cyrtodactylus geckos ( C. consobrinus and C. pubisulcus) and Hemidactylus sp.</p><p>......Continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 5. (Continued)</p><p>Etymology. The epithet sirehensis comes from the type locality, Gua Sireh (Sireh Cave), Kampung Bantang, Serian and translates to betel in Malay. Betel is a type of plant of the family Piperaceae, consumed as betel quid or in ‘paan’. Gua Sireh is also known as an important archaeological site in south-western Sarawak.</p><p>Comparison. Cnemapsis sirehensis sp. nov. differs from other Bornean Cnemaspis by having a reddish-brown head, body and limbs; 12–13 supralabials (versus 13–14 in C. lagang sp. nov.); 10–12 infralabials; 6–7 postmentals (versus 3 in C. kendallii, 10 in C. dringi, and 10–11 in C. lagang sp. nov.); a pair of medium, subtriangular, dusky brown patches in shoulder region; 1–2/1–2 (L/R) postcloacal tubercles on each side of tail base (versus 2–3/ 2–3 in C. kendallii, 2–3/ 2–3 in C. paripari, 3–8/ 3–8 in C. leucura and 2–7/ 2–7 in C. matahari sp. nov.); ventrolateral row of caudal tubercles absent (except C. lagang sp. nov., C. matahari sp. nov.); keeled median subcaudals (versus smooth in C. leucura, C. nigridia, C. paripari); tail with Brownish-Olive and Bright Yellow banding from tail base to tail tip (versus Dusky Brown and Buff-Yellow caudal bands in C. kendallii, Dusky Brown and Orange Yellow caudal bands in C. nigridia, Pratt’s Payne’s Gray anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly in C. paripari, Faint Dusky Brown and Trogon Yellow caudal bands anteriorly and immaculate posteriorly in C. lagang sp. nov.); and regenerated tail Trogon Yellow (versus Spectrum Yellow in C. matahari sp. nov. and Buff Yellow in C. lagang sp. nov.).</p><p>A summary of Bornean Cnemaspis morphology is presented in Tables 4 and 5. Compared to nominal southeast Asian Cnemaspis the Bornean Cnemaspis differ in multiple morphological aspects. The Cau Mau clade ( C. boulengerii and C. psychedelica) have fewer supralabials (7–10 versus 9–15 in Bornean species) and infralabials (5–8 versus 9–13 in Bornean species); caudal tubercles restricted to single paravertebral rows; no lateral caudal furrows; and plate-like femoral and subtibial scales. The Pattani clade ( C. monachorum, C. biocellata, C. niyomwanae, and C. kumpoli) have smooth ventral scales; and in C. niyomwanae and C. kumpoli, no lateral and ventrolateral row of caudal tubercles. The Northern Sunda clade, comprising the chantaburiensis group, are the only species of Cnemaspis that have a dark, mid-gular line, thought to be synapomorphic; the siamensis group exhibit the states of light-coloured prescapular crescent, a yellow belly and ventral surface of hindlimbs and caudal tubercles not restricted to a single paravertebral row and encircling tail; the argus group have no lateral or ventrolateral caudal tubercles; and the affinis group have a lateral row of caudal tubercles, no median row of enlarged subcaudal scales and submetatarsal scales on first toe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287F1FFE7FFDBFF29FB9CE509D269	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nashriq, Izneil;Davis, Hayden R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Das, Indraneil	Nashriq, Izneil, Davis, Hayden R., Bauer, Aaron M., Das, Indraneil (2022): Three New Species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo. Zootaxa 5120 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.1
