identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D587D5F864776F66C3F9CDB21BFEF9.text	03D587D5F864776F66C3F9CDB21BFEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona de Saussure 1856	<div><p>Genus Pseudepipona de Saussure, 1856</p><p>Pseudepipona de Saussure, 1856: 309; type species: Odynerus herrichii de Saussure, 1856, by monotypy.</p><p>Leptepipona Blüthgen, 1951: 194; type species: Vespa tripunctata Fabricius, 1787, by original designation; synonymized by van der Vecht &amp; Fischer, 1972: 82–83.</p><p>Metepipona Blüthgen, 1951: 193; type species: Odynerus peculiaris Morawitz, 1895, by original designation; synonymized by van der Vecht &amp; Fischer, 1972: 82–83.</p><p>Trichepipona Blüthgen, 1951: 193; type species: Odynerus lativentris de Saussure, 1855, by original designation; synonymized by van der Vecht &amp; Fischer, 1972: 82–83.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female clypeus with a narrow apical margin; labial palpus with four segments; male antenna hooked apically; female vertex with a single fovea; anterior face of the pronotum without distinct foveae; pretegular carina present; tegula broad, without deep large punctures, protruding posteriorly adjoining the parategula but not surpassing it; second submarginal cell of the forewing with acute basal angle; axillary fossa relatively broad, not slit-like; propodeum with a transverse carina between the dorsal and posterior surfaces; propodeal valvula mono-lamellate; propodeal orifice broadly rounded dorsally; T1 not petiolate, somewhat narrower than T2, without a transverse carina; both T1 and T2 without an apical lamella.</p><p>Subgenera and species included. Seven species are currently recognized in the subgenus Deuterepipona Blüthgen, 1951 and 32 species in the subgenus Pseudepipona s. str.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F864776F66C3F9CDB21BFEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F867776F66C3FE4DB38DFDA0.text	03D587D5F867776F66C3FE4DB38DFDA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona de Saussure 1856	<div><p>Subgenus Pseudepipona s. str.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male mandible with a notch between the basal and preapical teeth; pronotal carina usually forms approximately right or slightly acute angles laterally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F867776F66C3FE4DB38DFDA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F867776F66C3FD75B4CDFC1C.text	03D587D5F867776F66C3FD75B4CDFC1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure 1856)	<div><p>Pseudepipona herrichii -group</p><p>Diagnosis. The notion of a species group is not defined by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) and its interpretation is flexible. For the purpose of the current study, the definition of the Pseudepipona herrichii -group is the following: those members of the subgenus Pseudepipona s. str. in which there are no long setae on the gena, the scutum, and the propleura, the transverse carina of the propodeum forms laterally a tooth or at least a blunt angle, and the preapical tooth of the male mandible is of approximately equal width and length.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F867776F66C3FD75B4CDFC1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F867776E66C3FC28B4DCFD1E.text	03D587D5F867776E66C3FC28B4DCFD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure 1856)	<div><p>Key to the species of the Pseudepipona herrichii -group</p><p>1. Females............................................................................................ 2</p><p>- Males.............................................................................................. 7</p><p>2. T1 without three small longitudinal carinae (Figs 1, 3, 29, 31, 35, 36, 57); propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly (see Fig. 58); clypeus entirely black or with basal whitish or yellow band (Figs 2, 4, 30, 32, 59); scutellum with relatively thin apical whitish or yellow band, taking much less than its half (Figs 1, 3, 31, 35, 36, 57) or rarely black (Fig. 29)...................... 3</p><p>- T1 with three small longitudinal carinae (Figs 40, 42, 48, 53; see also Figs 17 and 52 in Bai et al. 2021); propodeal valvula bluntly angled or pointed posteriorly (see Fig. 46); clypeus mostly yellow or with longitudinal black spot in distal half (Figs 41, 43, 49, 54), very rarely extended to whole distal half; scutellum with relatively thick apical yellow or orange band, taking more than its half (Figs 40, 42, 48, 53)......................................................................... 5</p><p>3. Clypeus as wide as long, entirely black (Fig. 59) or with two small basal pale-yellow spots, tegula never reddish (Fig. 57)…........................................................................... P. valentinae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>- Clypeus 1.05–1.15× as wide as long, often with complete basal whitish or yellow band (Figs, 4, 30, 32), if entirely black (Fig. 2) then tegula reddish (Fig. 1)........................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Apical bands on scutellum and metanotum of equal thickness (Figs 1, 3); tegula and often band on pronotum in Palaearctic specimens reddish (Fig. 1); propodeum with weak transverse carina forming laterally rather blunt angles................................................................................................... P. aldrichi (Fox, 1892)</p><p>- Apical band on scutellum usually thicker than that on metanotum and somewhat interrupted medially (Figs 31, 35, 36), sometimes band on metanotum reduced or rarely both scutellum and metanotum completely black (Fig. 29); tegula and band on pronotum always whitish or yellow (Figs 29, 31, 35, 36); propodeum with weak transverse carina forming laterally rather right angles...................................................................... P. herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)</p><p>5. Clypeus as wide as long, with hardly emarginated apical margin (Fig. 49); T 1 in dorsal view approximately 1.45× as maximal wide as long (Fig. 48); propodeal valvula pointed posteriorly; propodeum with transverse carina well developed at center and forming laterally acute teeth-like projections....................................... P. tingjingliae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>- Clypeus 1.15× as wide as long, with distinctly emarginated apical margin (Figs 41, 43, 54); T 1 in dorsal view approximately 1.55× as maximal wide as long (Fig. 40, 42, 53); propodeal valvula bluntly angled posteriorly; propodeum with transverse carina weakly developed at center and forming laterally either acute teeth-like projections or rather right angles.......... 6</p><p>6. Scutum with two comma-like spots (Figs 40, 42); clypeus with relatively shallowly emarginated apical margin (Figs 41, 43); propodeum with transverse carina forming laterally acute teeth-like projections........... P. kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927)</p><p>- Scutum without two comma-like spots (Figs 53); clypeus with relatively deeply emarginated apical margin (Figs 54); propodeum with transverse carina forming laterally rather right angles......................... P. tricarinata (Kokujev, 1913)</p><p>7. Cuspis lacking dorsal process (Fig. 22); aedeagus without median expansion, evenly narrowed towards apex in dorsal view (Fig. 23); clypeus as wide as long (Fig. 61)......................................... P. valentinae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>- Cuspis with dorsal process (Figs 7, 10, 13, 16, 19); aedeagus with median expansion between ventral lobes and apex (Figs 8, 11, 14, 17, 20); clypeus 1.05–1.15× as wide as long (Figs 6, 34, 45, 50, 56)....................................... 8</p><p>8. Dorsal process of cuspis very broad, much shorter than its width at base (Fig. 7); base of digitus attached directly to top of cuspis apex (Fig. 7); ventral lobe of aedeagus large, in lateral view much larger than median expansion (Fig. 9).............................................................................................. P. aldrichi (Fox, 1892)</p><p>- Dorsal process of cuspis less broad, in most species not shorter than its width at base (Figs 10, 13, 16, 19); base of digitus attached somewhat below cuspis apex so that cuspis apex protruding as free acute spine (Figs 10, 13, 16, 19); ventral lobe of aedeagus various (Figs 12, 15, 18, 21)..................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Dorsal process of cuspis large and long; free acute part of cuspis apex smaller (Fig. 10); ventral lobe of aedeagus approximately as large as median expansion (Fig. 12)............................................. P. herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)</p><p>- Dorsal process of cuspis smaller and shorter; free acute part of cuspis apex larger (Figs 13, 16, 19); ventral lobe of aedeagus larger than median expansion (Figs 15, 18, 21)............................................................. 10</p><p>10. Clypeus approximately 1.05× as wide as long (Fig. 50); ventral lobe of aedeagus broadly rounded (Fig. 18)......................................................................................... P. tingjingliae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>- Clypeus approximately 1.10× as wide as long (Fig. 45, 56); ventral lobe of aedeagus rather angled (Fig. 15, 21)......... 11</p><p>11. Paramere broader, dorsal process of cuspis shorter (Fig. 13); aedeagus in dorsal view broad (Fig. 14).............................................................................................. P. kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927)</p><p>- Paramere narrower, dorsal process of cuspis longer (Fig. 19); aedeagus in dorsal view narrow (Fig. 20).............................................................................................. P. tricarinata (Kokujev, 1913)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F867776E66C3FC28B4DCFD1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F866776A66C3FD2EB415FE30.text	03D587D5F866776A66C3FD2EB415FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona aldrichi (Fox 1892) Fateryga 2022	<div><p>Pseudepipona aldrichi (Fox, 1892), stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–9, 25)</p><p>Odynerus aldrichi Fox, 1892: 197–198, ♀ ♂; type locality: “Brookings, S. Dakota ”, “ Colorado ” [USA].</p><p>Odynerus aldrichii: de Dalla Torre, 1894: 51, unjustified emendation.</p><p>Pseudepipona herrichii aldrichi: Bohart, 1951: 887 .</p><p>Pseudepipona variegata mongolica Giordani Soika, 1970b: 330–331, ♀ ♂; type locality: “Mongolei: Central Aimak, Borulčin Tala, 1400 m, 100 km SO von Ulan-Baator ” [Mongolia], syn. nov .</p><p>Material examined. RUSSIA. Volgograd Province: Sarepta, 1 ♂ [ZISP] . Omsk Province: Steppe 100 versts S of Omsk, Akmola Province, 23.VIII.1899, 1 ♀, leg. Ignatov [ZISP]; Vicinity of Omsk, V .1912, 1 ♀, leg. P. Ryabov [ZISP]; ibid., 15.VII.1912, 1 ♀, leg. N. Vydrina [ZISP] . Altai Republic: 14 km SE Aktash, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.75785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.233067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.75785/lat 50.233067)">Chuya River</a>, 50°13.984′N, 87°45.471′E, 1450 m, 1.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 2.VII.2016, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 3.VII.2016, 1 ♀, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; ibid., 3.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 13.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; Kosh-Agach District, 15 km SE Kuray, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.11778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.18605" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.11778/lat 50.18605)">Chuya River</a>, 50°11.163′N, 88°07.067′E, 1600 m, 5.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 11.VII.2016, 1 ♀, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; Kosh-Agach District, 2 km SE Chagan-Uzun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.38935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.09318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.38935/lat 50.09318)">Balkhash River</a>, 50°05.591′N, 88°23.361′E, 1740 m, 9.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; Kosh-Agach District, 5 km SE Chagan-Uzun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.41988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.072784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.41988/lat 50.072784)">Tydtuyaryk River</a>, 50°04.367′N, 88°25.193′E, 1780 m, 11.VII.2016, 1 ♀, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; ibid., 11.VII.2016, 1 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 8.VII.2019, 1 ♀, leg. Yu.N. Danilov [CAFK]; ibid., 9.VII.2019, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 10.VII.2019, 1 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; Onguday, 29. V .1908, 1 ♀, leg. A. Yakobson [ZISP]; ibid., 3 ♂, leg. W. Steinfeld [ZISP]; Ulaganskiy District, 12 km SE Aktash, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.71635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.230865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.71635/lat 50.230865)">Chuya River</a>, 50°13.852′N, 87°42.981′E, 1570 m, 4.VII.2016, 2 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; ibid., 4.VII.2016, 3 ♂, leg. V . M. Loktionov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS] . Khakassia: 25 km N Shira, Tus Lake, 6.VII.2014, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej, M.Yu. Proshchalykin &amp; V . M. Loktionov [CAFK]; Altayskiy District , 40 km SE Bely Yar, 3–5 km E Novorossiyskoye, Berezovskoye Lake, 350–380 m, 23. VI .1990, 1 ♀, leg. D. V . Logunov [ZMMU] (Fateryga &amp; Mokrousov 2019, as Pseudepipona herrichii); Shira Lake near Krasnoyarsk, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Vicinity of Minusinsk, Shira, 1 ♂, leg. A. Yakobson [ZISP] . Tyva Republic: Erzin District, vicinity of Erzin, 1000–1100 m, 14–15.VIII.1989, 1 ♂, leg. D. V . Logunov [FSCV] (Fateryga et al. 2020, as P. herrichii) . Krasnoyarsk Territory: 10 km NW Minusinsk, Bystraya River valley, 9.VII.2014, 2 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej, M.Yu. Proshchalykin &amp; V.M. Loktionov [CAFK] ; Krasnojarsk [= Krasnoyarsk], 2 ♀, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Vicinity of Minusinsk, 30. VI.1924, 1 ♀, leg. N. Filipyev [ZISP]; Vicinity of Minusinsk, Malaya Minusa, 8.VII.2014, 2 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej, M.Yu. Proshchalykin &amp; V. M. Loktionov [CAFK]; Yeniseyskaya Governement, Minusinsk, 11. VI.1897, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. Vagner [ZISP]; Yeniseyskaya Governement, Minusinsk Uezd, Novoselovo, 10.VIII.1924, 1 ♂ [ZISP] . Irkutsk Province: Angarsk, 9.IX.1983, 1 ♀, leg. P.G. Nemkov [FSCV]; Baykalsk, 20.VII.1984, 1 ♀, leg. P.G. Nemkov [FSCV]; Irkutsk, 7.IX.1983, 1 ♀, leg. P.G. Nemkov [FSCV]; ibid., 4 ♂, leg. V . E. Yakovlev [ZISP]; Kirensk, confluence of Kirenka and Lena rivers, 3.VII.1904, 1 ♀, leg. Braudo [ZISP]; Kultuk, 1 ♀, leg. V . E. Yakovlev [ZISP]; Nizhneudinsk, 6.VII.1984, 1 ♀, leg. P.G. Nemkov [FSCV]; Vicinity of Irkutsk, Melnikovo, 1.VII.1912, 1 ♀, leg. N. Sidorov [ZISP] . Buryatia: 25 km W Kyakhta, Naushki, 2.VIII.1984, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] ; 5 km N Naushki, Kharankhoy, 3.VIII.1977, 1 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; Baikal Lake, S coast, Boyarskiy, 11.VIII.1984, 2 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; Kyakhta, 28.VII.1977, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; ibid., 30.VII.1977, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Lehr [FSCV]; UstKiran near Kyakhta, 1 ♂, leg. V . E. Yakovlev [ZISP]. Yakutia: 8 versts W Namtsy, 18.VII.1926, 1 ♀, leg. L. Bianki [ZISP]; Kempendyay River mouth, inflow of Vilyuy, 9.VII.1927, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Lena River, 200 km above Yakutsk, Kharyyalakh Island near Yedey, 5.VII.1985, 1 ♂, leg. Vinokurov [FSCV]; Markha near Yakutsk, 4.VII.1900, 1 ♂, leg. Olenin [ZISP]; Modutskiy Nasleg, Namtsy Ulus, VII.1902, 1 ♂, leg. Olenin [ZISP]; Namtsy Ulus, Aly, 3.VIII.1926, 5 ♀, leg. A. Ivanov [ZISP]; Near Ulakhan-An River, 150 versts above Yakutsk, 4.IX.1926, 1 ♂, leg. A. Ivanov [ZISP]; Pokrovsk, 20.VII.1986, 1 ♂, leg. Makarin [FSCV]; Vilyuy River, Nyurba, 16.VII.1986, 1 ♀, leg. Kaymuk [FSCV]; Yakutsk, 6.VII.1927, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; ibid., 11.VII.1927, 1 ♂, leg. Moskvin [ZISP]; ibid., 16.VII.1927, 2 ♂, leg. Moskvin [ZISP]; ibid., 17.VII.1927, 2 ♂ [ZISP]; ibid., 17–21.VII.1927, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. Moskvin [ZISP]; ibid., 22–23.VII.1927, 1 ♂, leg. Moskvin [ZISP]; ibid., 24.VII–1.VIII.1927, 2 ♂, leg. Moskvin [ZISP]; Zhemkonskiy Nasleg, 13.VII.1925, 1 ♂, leg. L. Bianki [ZISP]. Zabaykalskiy Territory : 15 km W Borzya, 8.VII.1970, 7 ♀, 9 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; ibid., 9.VII.1970, 1 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] ; 30 km SW Borzya, 21.VII.1977, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] ; 36 km ESE Zabaykalsk, Abagaytuy, 19.VII.1984, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] ; 42 km SW Borzya, Durbachi, 23.VII.1984, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; Aleksandrovkiy Plant, Gazimur River, 18.VII.1977, 5 ♂, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; Borkha River, upper reaches of Onon, 16.VII.1894, 2 ♂, leg. Kashkar [ZISP]; Borzya, Chandan, 8.VII.1977, 1 ♂, leg. P.A. Lehr [FSCV]; Chita, 6.VIII.1912, 1 ♀, leg. A. Kuskov [ZISP]; Ivan Lake, 45 versts from Chita, 10.VII.1925, 1 ♂, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; Nerchinsk District, 1 ♂, leg. V . Podgorbinskiy [ZISP]; Nerchinsk Uezd, Soktuy, 17. VI .1925, 1 ♂, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; ibid., 18. VI .1925, 4 ♂, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; ibid., 20. VI .1925, 1 ♂, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; ibid., 23. VI .1925, 1 ♀, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; ibid., 26. VI .1925, 2 ♂, leg. Vinogradov [ZISP]; Nertschinsk [= Nerchinsk], 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Unga [Petrovsk-Zabaykalskiy District], 24. VI .1913, 1 ♀, leg. A. Pisarevskiy [ZISP]; Vicinity of Chalbushi, Shirka River, 8.VII.1970, 1 ♀, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Vicinity of Nerchinsk, 1 ♂, leg. V . Podgorbinskiy [ZISP]; Vicinity of Yedineniye, Onon River, 22.VII.1970, 1 ♀, leg. N. Kurzenko [FSCV]; Vicinity of Zyulzya, 14.VII.1970, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Vicinity of Zyulzya, left bank of Nercha River, 15.VII.1970, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; ibid., 16.VII.1970, 1 ♀, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV] . Amur Province: Tarakon River near Saskal, 13.VIII.1932, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Lehr [FSCV] . AZERBAIJAN: Talysh, Lyulyakeran, 15. V .1909, 1 ♀, leg. A. Kiritchenko [ZISP] . KYRGYZSTAN: Inylchek, 27. VI.1973, 2 ♂, leg. L. Pek [FSCV]; Kavak Range, Kyzyl Suyek Landmark, 30.VII.1974, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Moldo-Too Range, Shavyr Landmark, 20.VIII.1972, 1 ♀, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Moldo- Too, Shavyr, 20.VIII.1972, 1 ♀, leg. L. Pek [FSCV]; Onarcha River valley, 10.VIII.1971, 1 ♀, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Tien-Shan, Sary-Dzhaz, Inylchek, 24.VIII.1974, 3 ♀, leg. L. Pek [FSCV]; ibid., 26.VIII.1974, 2 ♀, leg. L. Pek [FSCV]; Tien-Shan, Sary-Dzhaz, Kaindy, 24.VIII.1974, 1 ♀, leg. L. Pek [FSCV] . KAZAKHSTAN. Akmola Province: Borovoe [currently Burabay], 5.VII.1932, 1 ♀, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 9.VII.1932, 1 ♂, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 17.VII.1932, 1 ♂, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 22.VII.1932, 1 ♀, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 24.VII.1932, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 26.VII.1932, 4 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., 30.VII.1932, 1 ♂, leg. V . B. Popov [ZISP]; ibid., VIII.1926, 1 ♀, leg. Bey-Bienko [ZISP]; Kokshetau Uezd, Sarypyldak Lake, VIII.1909, 1 ♀, leg. Piotrovskiy [ZISP]; Shchuchinsk, 1 ♂ [ZISP] . East Kazakhstan Province: 18 km SE Georgiyevka [currently Kolbatau], 17. VI .1979, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Chagan-Obo, Saur, 20– 28. VI .1910, 1 ♂, leg. B. Karavayev [ZISP]; Ridder, Tarkhanka, 23.VII.1930, 1 ♀, leg. F. Lukyanovich [ZISP]; Saur Range, 35 km E Zaysan, 10.VII.1980, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Semipalatinsk [currently Semey], 6 ♀, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Us-Bulak, Saur, 17.VII.1910, 1 ♂, leg. B. Karavayev [ZISP] . North Kazakhstan Province: 27 vests behind Petropavlovsk, 12. VI .1894, 1 ♂, leg. N.N. Shiryayev [ZISP] . Pavlodar Province: Slavgorod Uezd, Severnoye, 6– 7.VII.1922, 1 ♀, leg. A. Reichardt [ZISP] . MONGOLIA: Bin-Gol [= Bayan-Gol] River valley, SW Kentey, 31.VII– 2.VIII.1924, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 2–3.VIII.1924, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Central (Töv) Province, N slope of Bogdoula near Ulaanbaator, 29. VI .1967, 1 ♀, leg. Zaytsev [ZISP]; Central (Töv) Province, vicinity of Songino, to SW of Ulaanbaator, 1.VII.1967, 1 ♀, leg. Zaytsev [ZISP]; Dunda-Daydlyga River to E of Urga, 1.VIII.1894, 1 ♂, leg. Kashkar [ZISP]; Headspring of Tola [= Tuula] River to E of Urga, 3.VIII.1894, 1 ♂, leg. Kashkar [ZISP]; Khalkha, Murgulin Landmark, 25.VII.1909, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Khalkha, Mzdorgolo Landmark—Khairkhan, 23.VII.1909, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Khalkha, Sharkhay-Khunduy Valley, 14.VII.1909, 5 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] ; Övörkhangai Province, from Khan-Khugshin-Ula to Arbay-Khere, 16.VII.1949, 1 ♂, leg. Eglon [ZISP]; Sangin, Tola [= Tuul] River valley, Khalkha, 25. VI –10.VII.1925, 2 ♂, leg. P. K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Sangin, Urga, 28.VII.1905, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 29.VII.1905, 2 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 30.VII.1905, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Tevshrulekh, 19.VII.1972, 1 ♂, leg. L.N. Medvedev [FSCV]; Tevshrulekh, Khokhsum, 12. VI .1972, 1 ♂, leg. L.N. Medvedev [FSCV]; Tola [= Tuul] River, Urga, 1– 3.VII.1905, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 3–5.VII.1905, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 4.VII.1905, 6 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 5.VII.1905, 9 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 5–7.VII.1905, 4 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 23.VII.1905, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Vicinity of Urga, 23–26. VI .1905, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 7–9.VII.1909, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] . CHINA. Inner Mongolia: Syelchzhy [= Hilinguole] River, Grand Khingan, 27.VIII.1899, 1 ♂, leg. Soldatov [ZISP]; W slope of Alashan Range, Tszosto, 26. V .1908, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] . Sichuan: River Fubyanko, Shigaitz—Shintyan, 1.VIII.1893, 1 ♂, leg. G.N. Potanin [ZISP] . USA. Colorado: Larimer County, Hewlett Canyon, 6000–6500′, 7.VII.1979, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. J.M. Carpenter [FSCV]; Rifle, 2.VII.1905, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Rohwer [FSCV]; ibid., 3.VII.1908, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Rohwer [FSCV] .</p><p>Observations on iNaturalist. MONGOLIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.16&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.16/lat 50.5)">Alag-Erdene</a>, 50.50°N, 100.16°E, 7.VIII.2016, 1 ♂, A. Taeger (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98791015) . USA. Colorado: [on Geraniaceae], VI.2020, 1 ♂ (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/51092999) ; Boulder County, 40.10°N, 105.39°W [at nest], 28.VII.2015, 1 ♀, P. Wickey (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/32810598); Conifer Drive, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.67" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.65/lat 37.67)">South Fork</a>, 37.67°N, 106.65°W, 9.VII.2017, 1 ♀, J.E. Lopez (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6987330) ; Las Animas County, 37.09°N, 104.47°W, 27. VI.2020, 1 ♀, H. Eaton (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51193028); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.52&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.52/lat 40.43)">Rocky Mountain National Park</a>, 40.43°N, 105.52°W [on Cirsium sp.], 28.VIII.2020, 1 ♀, M. McMasters (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/59366381) ; San Carlos Trail, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.01/lat 38.01)">San Isabel National Forest</a>, Pueblo County, 38.01°N, 105.01°W [on Penstemon glaber (damages corolla robbing nectar)], 28. VI.2014, 1 ♀, R. Bunn (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/15864003) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.17" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.5/lat 37.17)">Trinidad</a>, 37.17°N, 104.50°W, 1 ♀, P. Piombino (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/93515402) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.08/lat 40.98)">Wellington</a>, 40.98°N, 105.08°W, 17. VI.2021, 1 ♀, M. Webb (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/83564434) . New Mexico: Taos County, 36.14°N, 105.53°W [on Asteraceae], 15.VII.2017, 1 ♀, R. Pfau (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7300707) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.67&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.83" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.67/lat 35.83)">Upper Panchuela Rd.</a>, San Miguel County, 35.83°N, 105.67°W [on Asteraceae], 21.VII.2021, 1 ♀, V. Remsen (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/89004911) . Utah: Dixie National Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.41/lat 38.0)">Escalante</a>, 38.00°N, 111.41°W, 25.VII.2020, 1 ♀ (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55991064) . Wyoming: Teton County, 43.63°N, 110.81°W, 19.VII.2017, 1 ♀, S. Whipple (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9567621); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.59/lat 44.43)">Yellowstone National Park</a>, 44.43°N, 110.59°W [on Asteraceae], 12.VIII.2015, 1 ♀, T. C. Jones (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65466212) . CANADA. Alberta: Fish Creek Provincial Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.92" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.0/lat 50.92)">Calgary</a>, 50.92°N, 114.00°W, 1.VII.2020, 1 ♀, M. Summers (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/52853738) ; Inglewood, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.01/lat 51.26)">Calgary</a>, 51.26°N, 114.01°W, 16. VI.2020, 1 ♀ (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51925495) . British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.65/lat 49.32)">Central Kootenay</a>, 49.32°N, 117.65°W, 10. VI.2021, 1 ♂ (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/82609020) ; Sunglo Drive, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.49" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.63/lat 49.49)">Penticton</a>, 49.49°N, 119.63°W [on Rosaceae], 29. V.2021, 1 ♂ (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/80803661) . Saskatchewan: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.51&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.51/lat 49.15)">Division No.</a> 4, 49.15°N, 107.51°W [on Eriogonum sp.], 9. VI.2021, 1 ♂, S. Simpkins (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/83214534) ; Division No. 4 [on Fabaceae], VII.2020, 1 ♂, T. Miller (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56470132) ; Grasslands National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.66&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.66/lat 49.2)">Val</a> Marie, 49.20°N, 107.66°W [on Penstemon sp. (robbing nectar)], 23. VI.2021, 1 ♂, E. Gorda (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/92558993) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.7/lat 49.18)">Val Marie No.</a> 17, 49.18°N, 107.70°W, 7. VI.2021, 1 ♂, S. Simpkins (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/104236676) ; ibid., 9. VI.2021, 1 ♂, S. Simpkins (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/83018848) .</p><p>Additional literature records. MONGOLIA: Chentej Aimak, 7 km NO von Somon Mörön, 1200 m (Giordani Soika 1970b). USA. Alaska: Denver Glacier, Skagway (Bohart 1939). Colorado: Estes Park (Bohart 1939). Idaho (Krombein 1979). Montana: Silver Bow County (Bohart 1939). South Dakota: Brookings (Fox 1892). Washington: Grand Coulee (Bohart 1939). Wyoming: Grand Teton National Park (Bohart 1939); Grand Teton National Park, about 4 km WNW of the Moran Post Office (Evans 1978, as Pseudepipona herrichii); Jackson Hole (Evans 1970).</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus 1.05–1.10× as wide as long, entirely black or with a basal whitish band; scutellum with a thin apical band equal to that on the metanotum; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally blunt angles; propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly; T1 without three small longitudinal carinae. In the males, the clypeus is 1.10–1.15× as wide as long; cuspis with a very broad dorsal process which is much shorter than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached directly to the top of the cuspis apex; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus large, in lateral view much larger than the median expansion. In both females and males from the Palaearctic region, the tegula and often the band on the pronotum are reddish; this character is useful to distinguish Asiatic specimens of P. aldrichi from the similar P. herrichii .</p><p>Distribution. Russia (Volgograd Province, Omsk Province, Altai Republic, Khakassia, Tyva Republic, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Province, Buryatia, Yakutia, Zabaykalskiy Territory, Amur Province), Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan (Akmola Province, East Kazakhstan Province, North Kazakhstan Province, Pavlodar Province), Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia, Sichuan), USA (Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan) (Fig. 25).</p><p>Remarks. No significant differences between Asiatic ( P. herrichii mongolica) and North American ( P. herrichii aldrichi) forms of this species were revealed in the male genitalia. The only difference between them is the coloration of the tegula (reddish in the Asiatic specimens and usually whitish in the North American ones) and the light band on the pronotum (usually reddish in the Asiatic specimens and whitish in the North American ones). Bohart (1939) have already pointed out that P. aldrichi is present in China. I agree with him that this species has an Asiatic origin and it was distributed into North America by the way of Alaska.</p><p>Bionomics. Two nests of this species were briefly described by Evans (1978) in USA. They were excavated closely to each other, by two females, in the hard sandy loam of a path. Apparently, the females used water to moisten the substrate during the excavation but that was not pointed out. A female was observed carrying earthen pellets from the nest burrow by flight and dropping them in 0.6–0.9 m from the nest. Nests burrows were about 9.5 in depth; neither nest had a turret at the entrance. The number of cells in the nests was two and one; the two-celled nest had a branched structure. Provision was caterpillars of a gelechiid moth ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); up to 17 prey items were recorded in a cell. Adult feeding was recorded in USA and Canada on flowers of various plants in the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Rosaceae, and Polygonaceae . Both females and males were also observed robbing nectar from flowers of Penstemon spp. (Plantaginaceae) (see Observations on iNaturalist).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F866776A66C3FD2EB415FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F86C776066C3FF6CB56CFC3B.text	03D587D5F86C776066C3FF6CB56CFC3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure 1856)	<div><p>Pseudepipona herrichii (de Saussure, 1856)</p><p>(Figs 10–12, 26, 29–38)</p><p>Odynerus variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839: 16–17, ♀; type locality: “auf Reseda lutea bei Regensburg” [Germany]; nom. praeocc., nec Odynerus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) .</p><p>Odynerus herrichii de Saussure, 1856: 309, replacement name for O. variegatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839, nec O. variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) .</p><p>Odynerus basalis Smith, 1857: 58, ♀; type locality: “Polish Ukraine ”; synonymized by E. Saunders in Mortimer, 1908: 236.</p><p>Pseudepipona herrichii var. derufata Blüthgen, 1951: 184–186, ♀ ♂; type locality: “ Eriwan ” [Armenia]; synonymized by van der Vecht &amp; Fischer, 1972: 83–84.</p><p>Pseudepipona variegata: Blüthgen, 1952: 29 .</p><p>Pseudepipona herrichii: Giordani Soika, 1970: 130 .</p><p>Pseudepipona herrichii afromontana Gusenleitner, 1977: 142–143, ♀ ♂; type locality: “Oukaimeden, 2600–2800 m ” [Morocco], syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. MOROCCO: H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden, 2700–2900 m, 12.VII.1975, 1 ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner [FSCV] (paratype of Pseudepipona herrichii afromontana); ibid., 12.VII.1975, 1 ♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner [OLML] (paratype of P. herrichii afromontana) . ALGERIA: Algier, 1 ♀ [ZISP] . SPAIN: Avila, 1865, 1 ♂, leg. G. Sedlitz [ZISP]; Teruel, Albarracín: Vallejo Largo, 1170 m, 23. VI.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro [ CAFK]; Teruel, Camarena: Belneario, 1350 m, 22. VI.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro [CAFK]; Teruel, Nacimiento del r. Tajo: Nava Seca, 1585 m, 30. VI.1990, 1 ♀, leg. L. Castro [CAFK]; ibid., 10.VII.1996, 1 ♂, leg. L. Castro [CAFK] . SLOVAKIA: Čenkov u Štúrova, 28.VII.1955, 1 ♂, leg. Bouček [OLML]; Somotor, 5.VII.1952, 1 ♀ [OLML] . MOLDOVA: Chișinău, 23. V.1899, 1 ♂, leg. Zubovskiy [ZISP]. UKRAINE: Kuryany, 19.VII.1886, 1 ♀ [ZISP]; Poltava Governement, Krasnograd, 7. V.1923, 1 ♂, leg. F. Lukyanovich [ZISP]; Vicinity of Kiev, Kruglik, 3. VI .1979, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV]; ibid., 12. VI.1979, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] . RUSSIA. Kirov Province: Malmuzh, 15–20. V .1948, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. Belgorod Province: Borisovka, 28. VI .1958, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. Saratov Province: Samara Governement, Nikolaevsk Uezd, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 6. VI, 5 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 7. VI, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 16. VI, 1 ♀, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 17. VI, 1 ♀, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 18. VI, 3 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 23. VI, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 1.VII, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 6.VII, 1 ♀, leg. V . Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; ibid., 7.VII, 1 ♀, leg. V. Bostanzhoglo [ZISP]; Samara Governement, Nikolayevsk Uezd, Roslyakovo, 24. VI.1898, 1 ♂, leg. E. Klements [ZISP]. Volgograd Province: Uryupinskaya [currently Uryupinsk], Holy Mountains, 12. VI.1910, 1 ♀, leg. N.A. Popov [ZISP]. Astrakhan Province: Astrachan [= Astrakhan], 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Bogdo, 3.VII.1877, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. Stavropol Territory: Pyatigorsk, 1886, 1 ♀ [ZISP]. Ingushetia: Salgi, 5462′, 29.VII.1927, 1 ♂, leg. A. Kiritchenko [ZISP]. Dagestan: Petrovsk [currently Makhachkala], 23. V .1901, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann [ZISP]; ibid., 24. V .1901, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann [ZISP]; ibid., 25. V .1901, 2 ♂, leg. Beckmann [ZISP]; ibid., 27. V .1901, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Beckmann [ZISP]; Crimea: Alma-Thal, 1 ♀ [ZISP]; Feodosiya, Lisya Bay, 11. VI .2007, 3 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2007, 5 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 16. VI .2007, 2 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 26. VI .2009, 2 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 12. VI .2010, 2 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 16. VI .2011, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Gromovka, 6– 8. VI .1996, 2 ♂, leg. S.P. Ivanov [CFUS]; Kerch Peninsula, Cape Chauda, on Butomus umbellatus, 9. VI.2005, 1 ♀, leg. S.P. Ivanov [CFUS]; Koyash [Lake], 23.VII.1900, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Nizhnigorskiy District, Peny, 12.IX.1978, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Mosyakin [SMS]; Sevastopol, Kazachya Bay, 7.VII.2005, 1 ♀, leg. I.S. Turbanov [CFUS]; Sevastopol, Khersones, 27. VI .1912, 8 ♀, leg. V . Pliginskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 29. VI .1912, 4 ♀, leg. V . Pliginskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 30. VI .1912, 1 ♀, leg. V . Pliginskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 21. VI .1914, 1 ♀, leg. V . Pliginskiy [ZISP]; Simferopol, 18.VII.1900, 1 ♀ [ZISP]; ibid., 15. V .1904, 1 ♂ [ZISP]; ibid., 15. VI .1928, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A.I. Kazanskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 20.VII.2002, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 20.VII.2002, 3 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 21.VII.2002, 4 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Simferopol, Petrovskaya Balka, 13. VI .2003, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 13. VI .2003, 3 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Simferopol, Salgir River valley, 13.VII.1952, 1 ♂ [OSZ]; Sudak, 7.VII.2005, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, 24. VI .2003, 11 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, Bolshoy Kastel, 4.VII.2014, 1 ♀, leg. V . Yu. Zhidkov [CFUS]; ibid., 22.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; Tarkhankut Peninsula, Kipchak, 24. VI .2005, 2 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 26. VI .2005, 7 ♀, leg. D. V . Puzanov [DPS]; ibid., 21. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI .2007, 7 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 25. VI .2007, 1 ♀, leg. D. V . Puzanov [CAFK] (with reddish spots on T2); ibid., 18. VI.2008, 1 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 18. VI.2008, 1 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 19. VI.2008, 2 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 20. VI.2008, 6 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 21. VI.2008, 2 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 22. VI.2008, 4 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CFUS]; ibid., 22. VI.2008, 11 ♀, leg. D. V. Puzanov [DPS]; Vicinity of Simferopol, 2. VI.1928, 1 ♂ [OSZ]; ibid., VII–VIII.1898, 1 ♀, leg. Graftio [ZISP]; Western Coast, Cape Lukull, 8.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CFUS]. Bashkortostan: Ufa Governement, Belebey Uezd, 2 ♀, leg. B. Kazanskiy [ZISP]. Orenburg Province: Upper Dneprovka, 2.VII.1934, 1 ♂, leg. L. Zimin [ZISP]; Vicinity of Orenburg, 10.VII.1924, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 2. VI.1927, 1 ♂, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 24. VI.1927, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy [ZISP]; ibid., 13.VIII.1932, 4 ♀, leg. P.A. Vorontsovskiy [ZISP]. Omsk Province: Omsk, 10–22. VI.1926, 1 ♂, leg. Bey-Bienko [ZISP] . GEORGIA: Lagodechi, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. ARMENIA: Eriwan [= Yerevan], 1 ♂ [ZISP]. AZERBAIJAN: Adshikent [= Hacıkənd], 1 ♂ [ZISP]; Nakhchivan AR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.666668/lat 39.3)">Babek</a>, Goynuk, 39°18′N, 45°40′E, 1680 m, 12. VI.2019, 1 ♂, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, Kh.A. Aliyev &amp; M.M. Maharramov [CAFK] (Fateryga et al. 2021, corresponds to var. derufata); Ordubad ( Arax), 1892, 1 ♂, leg. Reitter [ZISP] (corresponds to var. derufata). UZBEKISTAN : Aman-Kutan, 22.VII.1931, 1 ♂, leg. V . Gussakovskij [ZISP]; Chatkalskiy Range 30 km N Parkent, Aksagata Canyon, 7–10. VI .1982, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV] . KYRGYZSTAN: Issyk-Kul Lake, Dolinka [currently Kara-Oy], 7. VI .1973, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Issyk-Kul Lake, N coast, vicinity of Bosteri, 23.VII.1983, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; S slopes of Moldo-Tau near Shavyr Landmark, 18.VII.1971, 1 ♀, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Semirechye [= Zhetysu], Pishpekskiy Uezd, Uchimchik, 11.VIII.1913, 1 ♀, leg. V. Chernavin [ZISP]; Vicinity of Kazarman, 2000 m, 13.VII.1972, 3 ♀, leg. Yu. Tarbinskiy [FSCV]; Vicinity of Tasharyk, 15 km E Talas, 3.VIII.1983, 1 ♀, leg. V.L. Kazenas [FSCV] . KAZAKHSTAN. Akmola Province: Akmolinsk [currently Nur-Sultan], 20. VI.1931, 1 ♂, leg. V. B. Popov [ZISP]; Bayzhanzhal, 7.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ZISP]; Kokshetau, near Tersakan River, 28. V.1957, 1 ♂, leg. Rudolf [ZISP]; ibid., 1.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ZISP]; ibid., 29.VII.1958, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ZISP]; Tersakan River, 10 km from Kokshetau, 9.VII.1957, 1 ♀, leg. Rudolf [ZISP]; Vicinity o Kiyma, 7.VII.1977, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Vicinity of Derzhavinsk, 4.VII.1977, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]. Aktobe Province: Ber Tschogur, Mugodjargebirge [currently Birshoghyr], 1 ♀, leg. L. Wollmann [ZISP]. Almaty Province: 20 km W Alma-Ata, 26. VI.1985, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Ketmen Landmark, north slopes near Podgornoye [currently Kyrgyzsay], 22.VII.1967, 1 ♀, leg. P.A. Lehr [FSCV]; Ketmen-Tau, Bolshoy Kirgiz-Say Landmark, N slopes, 15.VII.1968, 1 ♂ [FSCV]; N foothills of Zhetykol Range, 29.VII.1971, 1 ♀, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [FSCV]; Sarkand [District], Topolevka, Dzhungarian Alatau, 15. VI.957, 1 ♂, leg. Kerzhner [ZISP]; Trans-Ili Alatau, Bolshoy Dalan Canyon, 2. VI.1971, 1 ♂, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [FSCV]; ibid., 19. VI .1971, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Trans-Ili Alatau, vicinity of Alma-Ata, 6.VII.1974, 2 ♀, 20 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Vicinity of Alma-Ata, Aksay, 12.VII.1983, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Atyrau Province, Vicinity of Sagiz, 2.VII.1969, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]. East Kazakhstan Province: 10 km NW UstKamenogorsk, 2.VII.1979, 1 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [FSCV]; 18 km NE Ayaguz [= Ayagoz], 1–8.VII.1986, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; 50 km NE Ayaguz [= Ayagoz], 19. VI.1986, 1 ♂, leg. V. L. Kazenas [FSCV]; 9–12 km W Ayaguz [= Ayagoz], 19.VII.1986, 2 ♀, leg. V. L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Chagan-Obo, Saur, 12–14.VII.1910, 1 ♂, leg. B. Karavayev [ZISP]; Kazakh Uplands, Kaynar, 28. V .1974, 1 ♂, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [FSCV]; Semipalatinsk [currently Semey], 2 ♂ [ZISP]; Urdzhar, 29. VI.1962, 1 ♂, leg. V.L. Kazenas [FSCV]. Jambyl Province: Aleksandrovskiy Range, Aulie-Ata Uezd, Kilan Canyon above Dmitriyevka, 16. VI.1913, 1 ♀, leg. V. Chernavin [ZISP]. Karaganda Province: 55–60 km SEE Karkaralinsk, 21. VI .1978, 2 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Kazakh Uplands, 0–200 km N Balkhash Lake, 25. V .1969, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]. Kostanay Province: Kunduzda River, inflow of Nura, 16. VI .1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk [iy] [ZISP]; ibid., 22. VI –1.VII.1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk [iy] [ZISP]; ibid., 29. VI –1.VII.1900, 1 ♀, leg. Balykleysk [iy] [ZISP]; Vicinity of Arkalyk, 22. VI .1977, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]. North Kazakhstan Province: Omsk Uezd, W of Teke Lake, 21.VIII.1899, 1 ♀, leg. Ignatov [ZISP]. COUNTRY UNCERTAIN: Caucasus, 1 ♂ [ZISP] .</p><p>Observations on iNaturalist. RUSSIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.49" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.6/lat 45.49)">Crimea</a>: Tarkhankut Peninsula, 45.49°N, 32.60°E, 13. VI.2014, 1 ♀, A. V. Fateryga (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68380454); ibid., 20. VI.2008, 2 ♀, A. V. Fateryga (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/68370002, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68691548); ibid., 6. VII.2018, 1 ♀, A. V. Fateryga (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68691549) .</p><p>Additional literature records. MOROCCO: H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden, 2800–3000 m (Gusenleitner 1977); H. Atlas, Oukaïmeden, 4 km E, 2300 m (Gusenleitner 1977). GREAT BRITAIN: Between Wareham and Studland (Spooner 1934); Bloxworth Heath (Spooner 1934); In close proximity to Swanage, Studland Heath (Spooner 1934); Isle of Purbek, Studland (Spooner 1934); Isle of Purbek, Wareham (Spooner 1934); Stoborough Heath, between Wareham and Corfe (Spooner 1934). THE NETHERLANDS: Roermond (Blüthgen 1961); Roozendaal (Blüthgen 1961). FRANCE: Aveyron (Berland 1928); Basses-Alpes: Escaffarels (Berland 1928); Lyon (Blüthgen 1961). SWITZERLAND: Wallis bei Sierre und Sion (Blüthgen 1961). AUSTRIA: Guntramsdorfer Sandgruben (Blüthgen 1961); Neusiedlersee (Blüthgen 1961); Stammersdorf und Oberweiden (Blüthgen 1961). PORTUGAL: Algarve, Aljezur, Ponta da Atalaia (Baldock et al. 2020); Algarve, Aljezur, W of Vale de Telha (Baldock et al. 2020); Algarve, Ponta da Atalia (Baldock et al. 2020). SPAIN: Bayona und Montseny (Blüthgen 1961); Cuenca (Blüthgen 1951); Losilla bei Albarracin (Blüthgen 1951); Montarco (Blüthgen 1961). ITALY: Bei Bozen (Blüthgen 1961); Calabrien (Blüthgen 1961). SLOVENIA (Gusenleitner 2013). CROATIA (Gusenleitner 2013). MONTENEGRO (Gusenleitner 2013). SERBIA (Gusenleitner 2013). GREECE: Attica (Blüthgen 1951); Syra (Blüthgen 1951). HUNGARY: Budapest (Móczár 1938); Isaszeg (Móczár 1938); Péczel (Móczár 1938). CZECH REPUBLIC (Gusenleitner 2013). ROMANIA: Nagyvárad (Móczár 1938). UKRAINE: Donetsk Province, Nozoazovsk District, Khomutovskaya Steppe Preserve (Amolin 2009); Donetsk Province, Starobeshevo District, vicinity of Razdolnoye (Amolin 2009); Lugansk Province, Sverdlovsk District, Provalskaya Steppe Preserve (Amolin 2009); SE outskirts of Donetsk (Amolin 2009). BELARUS: Provincia Mohileviensis (Arnold 1902). RUSSIA. Rostov Province: Azov District, Ust-Koysug (Amolin &amp; Artokhin 2014); Rostov-on-Don, Botanical Garden (Amolin &amp; Artokhin 2014); Semikarakorsk District, Kirsanovka (Amolin &amp; Artokhin 2014); Sholokhovskiy District, Veshenskaya (Amolin &amp; Artokhin 2014). GEORGIA: Achalzik (Blüthgen 1951); Lagodechi (Blüthgen 1951). TURKEY: Ankara, Elma Dagi, 1000 m (Giordani Soika 1970a); Ankara, Idris Dagi, 1300 m (Giordani Soika 1970a); Bayburt: Kopdağı, Şehitler Çeşmesi, 2400 m (Yildirim &amp; Gusenleitner 2009); Erzurum, Kopdagi Gecidi, 6500 piedi (Giordani Soika 1970a); Erzurum: Oltu, 1455 m (Yildirim &amp; Gusenleitner 2015); Hakkari: Yüksekova, Akçalı, 37°21′N, 44°03′E, 1700 m (Yildirim &amp; Gusenleitner 2012); Kares, Ararat, Karasu Spring, 2400 piedi (Giordani Soika 1970a); Kars, Ilgaz Dagi, 1300 m (Giordani Soika 1970a); Province Hakkari: Yüksekova—Semdinli, Sumpfwiese (Madl 1997). UZBEKISTAN: Schachimardan (Blüthgen 1951).</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus 1.10–1.15× as wide as long, black with a basal whitish or yellow band; scutellum with an apical band usually thicker than that on the metanotum and somewhat interrupted medially, sometimes the band on the metanotum or rarely both bands are reduced; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally rather right angles; propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly; T1 without three small longitudinal carinae. In the males, the clypeus is also 1.10–1.15× as wide as long; cuspis with a very long and relatively narrow dorsal process which is longer than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached somewhat below the top of the cuspis apex so that the latter is protruding as a short free acute spine; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus small, in lateral view approximately as large as the median expansion.</p><p>Distribution. Morocco, Algeria, Great Britain, The Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (Kirov Province, Belgorod Province, Saratov Province, Rostov Province, Volgograd Province, Astrakhan Province, Stavropol Territory, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Crimea, Bashkortostan, Orenburg Province, Omsk Province), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan (Akmola Province, Aktobe Province, Almaty Province, East Kazakhstan Province, Jambyl Province, Karaganda Province, Kostanay Province, North Kazakhstan Province) (Fig. 26). The reports from the Novosibirsk Province of Russia (e.g., Fateryga &amp; Mokrousov 2019; Fateryga et al. 2020) probably refer to P. aldrichi, as are most records from Mongolia and China (e.g., Buyanjargal et al. 2017; Bai et al. 2021) except a few that could actually refer to P. valentinae sp. nov. The presence of the true P. herrichii in China is, however, still possible because it is distributed in the neighboring Kyrgyzstan and the eastern provinces of Kazakhstan. The reports of P. herrichii from Syria (Fateryga &amp; Mokrousov 2019; Fateryga et al. 2020; Rahmani et al. 2020) were typos (actually referring to Syra in Greece, Blüthgen 1951). The reports from Turkmenistan, in the same papers cited above, were not confirmed by the present study, however, its presence there is possible. The report from Iran (Gusenleitner 1998) also needs confirmation (see Rahmani et al. 2020). All reports from North America refer to P. aldrichi (see above).</p><p>Remarks. This species is very polymorphic in coloration. Specimens from Morocco ( P. herrichii afromontana), Portugal, Spain, and Azerbaijan ( P.herrichii derufata) are black with yellow (Figs 29, 37); those from Azerbaijan (Fig. 37 and Fig. 27 in Fateryga et al. 2021) are, in addition, characterized by a coarser punctation of the metasomal terga. Typical specimens from the main part of the species range are black with whitish bands on the body and mostly reddish legs and T1 (Figs 31, 33). However, several different color forms can be present even in the same region such as the Crimea (cf. Figs 31, 35, 36) or Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan and the Almaty Province of Kazakhstan. The male genitalia are also somewhat variable in the size of the dorsal process of cuspis and the shape of the median expansion of the aedeagus (particularly, this expansion is more acute in the specimens from the westernmost parts of the species range) but these variations seem to be not correlated with the coloration.</p><p>Bionomics. Nests of this species were documented mostly in Great Britain by Mortimer (1908) and Spooner (1934). They noted that the nests were excavated close to each other in sandy soil. Females excavated their nests by extracting sand particles from the burrow and depositing them in approximately 1–2 inches (= 2.5–5.1 cm) from the entrance. The depth of the nests were about 1.5–2.5 inches (= 3.8–6.4 cm); there was no turret at the nest entrance. Apparently, the females used water to moisten the substrate during the excavation. In the Crimea, females were often observed collecting water (Fig. 38), including water from the sea (Fateryga &amp; Zhidkov 2012). Spooner (1934) reported that the number of cells in the nests was from one to three; an illustrated three-celled nest had a branched or perhaps a linear-branched structure. The egg was suspended with a thread. Complete nests were sealed by filling the burrow with sand particles, apparently without their bonding with liquid. Baldock et al. (2020) published a photo of a female excavating its nest burrow in Portugal, also in sandy soil. Provision of P. herrichii is moth caterpillars, probably in the genus Depressaria Haworth ( Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) (Mortimer 1908). They live on the grass, in cocoon-like webs from which the wasp females have to capture them. Ferton (1909) reported a female searching for caterpillars on the ground surface under the grass but that case might refer to a female that had lost its prey and tried to find it (cf. Spooner 1934). The number of prey items recorded per cell was 8–13 (Spooner 1934). Adult feeding of P. herrichii was recorded on flowers of Reseda lutea L. ( Resedaceae) in Germany (Herrich-Schäffer 1839) and Butomus umbellatus L. ( Butomaceae) in the Crimea (see Material examined).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F86C776066C3FF6CB56CFC3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F868776366C3F95AB088F8C8.text	03D587D5F868776366C3F95AB088F8C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona kozhevnikovi (Kostylev 1927)	<div><p>Pseudepipona kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927)</p><p>(Figs 13–15, 27, 40–45)</p><p>Odynerus kozhevnikovi Kostylev, 1927: 78–80, ♀ ♂; type locality: “Aralsee (Insel von Nicolaus)” [Uzbekistan], “Aralsee (Tjulenj-Agatsh, Syr-Darjja-Mündung)” [Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda Province], “Terenj-Uzjak, distr. Kyzyl-Orda (früher Perovsk, Syr-Darjja-Gebiet)” [Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda Province], “Kazalinsk” [Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda Province].</p><p>Pseudepipona kozhevnikovi: Blüthgen, 1938: 295 .</p><p>Material examined. TURKMENISTAN: 12 km W Chardzhou [currently Turkmenabad], 21. V .1973, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Farab, Buchara, 11 ♀, 4 ♂, leg. L. Wollmann [ZISP]; ibid., IV– V .1917, 2 ♂, leg. L. Wollmann [ZISP] . UZBEKISTAN: Khiva, Nurlabay [= Nurillaboy], 9. VI.1927, 1 ♂, leg. V. Gussakovskij [ZISP]; ibid., 16.VII.1927, 1 ♂, leg. V. Gussakovskij [ZISP]; Khiva, Ravat, 26. VI.1927, 1 ♀, leg. V. Gussakovskij [ZISP]; Nukus, 14.VII.1898, 1 ♂, leg. Rossikov [ZISP]; Qashqadaryo Province, Quarshi, bank of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=65.83174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.888447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 65.83174/lat 38.888447)">Qashqadaryo River</a>, 38.888448°N, 65.831745°E, 13. V .2015, 1 ♀, leg. M. V . Mokrousov, M.Yu. Proshchalykon &amp; K.G. Samartsev [CAFK]; Urg-Aral, 22.VIII.1903, 1 ♀, leg. A. Berg [ZISP] . KYRGYZSTAN: Tien-Shan, Vicinity of Kazarman, 12.VIII.1972, 1 ♂, leg. L. Pek [FSCV] . KAZAKHSTAN. Aktobe Province: Chelkar, 17.VIII.1972, 2 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Grosse Barsuki bei Tschelkar, 2 ♀, leg. N. Androssow [ZISP]. Almaty Province: Tar-Desol Landmark, lower reaches of Ili River, 7.VIII.1903, 1 ♂, leg. A. Berg [ZISP]. East Kazakhstan Province: Kenderlyk River, 12. VI .1910, 1 ♂, leg. A. Yakobson [ZISP]; Vicinity of Koznakovka [currently Kulynzhon], 13–14.IX.1979, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Zaysan, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. Jambyl Province: 80 km NW Furmanovka [currently Moyynkum], 7.VIII.1975, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Balkhash Lake, Chiganak, 15.VIII.1978, 2 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Balkhash Lake, Mynaral, 12–14.VIII.1978, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; Betpak-Dala, 80 km NW Furmanovka, 25.VII.1975, 1 ♀, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV]; NE Muyunkum, Chu River, 1. VI .1969, 1 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]. Karaganda Province: Sary-Chagan Bay, W bank of Balkhash Lake, 7.VIII.1903, 1 ♂, leg. L. Berg [ZISP]. Kyzylorda Province: Dzhulek, 22. V .1905, 1 ♀ [ZISP]; Dzhulek, Bakta-Kum, 11–12. VI .1918, 1 ♀, leg. V . Kozhanchikov [ZISP]; Dzhulek, Syr-Daja Gebiet, 1 ♂, leg. L. Wollmann [ZISP]; Kazalinsk Uezd, Khorkhut — Nyagibay, 13. VI .1898, 1 ♀, leg. Geyer [ZISP]; Kyzylorda, 17. VI.1926, 1 ♀, leg. K. Ruzayev [ZISP]; Perovsk [currently Kyzylorda], Syr-Darja Gebiet, 29. V .1907, 1 ♂, leg. L. Wollmann [ZISP]; ibid., 1 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. W. Nikolskiy [ZISP]; Syr-Darya, vicinity of Yany-Kurgan, 21.VII.1973, 1 ♀, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; ibid., 25.VII.1973, 3 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV]; Tschiili [currently Shieli], Syr-Darja Gebiet, 1 ♂, leg. A. Kuzmin [ZISP]. Turkestan Province: Uch-Kayuk [currently Nurtas], Kyzyl-Kum, 27. VI .1912, 1 ♂, leg. Zarudny [ZISP]; Vicinity of Bairkum, 2. VI .1973, 5 ♂, leg. N. V . Kurzenko [FSCV] . CHINA. Gansu: South Gobi, Bayduntszy, 4700′, 20.IX.1901, 4 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]. Inner Mongolia: Alashan, Dyn-Yuan-In Oasis [currently Bayan-Khoto], 30–31. V.1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 1–3. VI.1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 10–11. VI.1908, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; Ordos, left bank of Yellow River, Ulan-Modo, 29. V.1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.Ya. Napalkov [ZISP]. Xinjiang: Bugas near Khami to SE of Tienshan, 21–25.VIII.1895, 1 ♂, leg. V.I. Roborovski &amp; P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 7.IX.1895, 1 ♀, leg. V. I. Roborovski &amp; P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] .</p><p>Additional literature records. MONGOLIA: Ghovd Aimak, 3 km W von Somon Uenč im Tal Uenč Gol, 1450 m (Giordani Soika 1970b). CHINA. Gansu: Jiayuguan City, Xincheng Town, Anyuangou Village, 39.787°N, 98.322°E (Bai et al. 2021); Zhangye City, Gaotai County, Heiquan Town, Yanzhibao Village, 39.607°N, 99.654°E (Bai et al. 2021).</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus approximately 1.15× as wide as long, with relatively shallowly emarginated apical margin, yellow with a longitudinal black spot in its distal half; scutum with two comma-like spots; scutellum with a thick apical band taking more than a half of its area; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally acute teeth-like projections; propodeal valvula bluntly angled posteriorly; T1 with three small longitudinal carinae, in dorsal view approximately 1.55× as maximal wide as long. In the males, the clypeus is approximately 1.10× as wide as long; cuspis with a small and short dorsal process which is somewhat shorter than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached below the top of the cuspis apex so that the latter is protruding as a relatively long free acute spine; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus rather angled in lateral view; aedeagus in dorsal view broad.</p><p>Distribution. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan (Aktobe Province, Almaty Province, East Kazakhstan Province, Jambyl Province, Karaganda Province, Kyzylorda Province, Turkestan Province), Mongolia, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang) (Fig. 27).</p><p>Remarks. This species is polymorphic in coloration. Specimens from the main part of its range are black with yellow (Figs 40, 44) while the yellow color is replaced by orange in the specimens from Gansu and Inner Mongolia (Fig. 42).</p><p>Bionomics. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F868776366C3F95AB088F8C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F86A777F66C3FA75B088FDFC.text	03D587D5F86A777F66C3FA75B088FDFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona tingjingliae Fateryga 2022	<div><p>Pseudepipona tingjingliae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16–18, 28, 46–52)</p><p>Holotype. CHINA. Inner Mongolia: “Алашань, ОаЗ. Дынь-Юань-инъ” [Alashan, Dyn-Yuan-In Oasis (currently Bayan-Khoto)], 3–4.VI.1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] (Figs 46–49).</p><p>Paratypes. CHINA. Inner Mongolia: “Алашань, ОаЗ. Дынь-Юань-инъ” [Alashan, Dyn-Yuan-In Oasis (currently Bayan-Khoto)], 1–30. VI .1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid ., 3–4. VI .1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 4. VI .1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 5–6. VI .1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [FSCV]; ibid., 10–11. VI .1908, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 17–18. VI .1908, 3 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 18–20. VI .1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP]; ibid., 22–27. VI .1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [FSCV]; “Дын-Юань-ин, с. Алашань” [Dyn-Yuan-In, N Alashan], 14–15. VI .1908, 1 ♂, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] (Figs 50–52); “Ордосъ, 15 врс. ниЖе Хунчина” [Ordos, 15 versts below Khunchin], 4. VI .1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.Ya. Napalkov [ZISP]. Qinghai: “Скв. Ганьсу, Дол. Синин-хэ” [SininKhe Valley, Gansu Borehole (E of Sinin)] , 29.VII.1908, 1 ♀, leg. P.K. Kozlov [ZISP] .</p><p>Additional literature records. CHINA. Inner Mongolia: Hohhot, Hasuhai (Bai et al. 2021, as Pseudepipona lativentris). Ningxia: Zhongwei City, Zhongning County, Majialiang Township, Shagou Village, 37.353°N, 105.572°E (Bai et al. 2021, as P. lativentris); Yinchuan City, Helan County, Yueyahu Township, Near the Gobi Desert in Beier Village, 38.627°N, 106.643°E (Bai et al. 2021, as P. lativentris).</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus as wide as long, with hardly emarginated apical margin, yellow with a longitudinal black spot in its distal half, very rarely extended to the whole distal half; scutum without two commalike spots; scutellum with a thick apical band taking more than a half of its area; propodeum with a well developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally acute teeth-like projections; propodeal valvula pointed posteriorly; T1 with three small longitudinal carinae, in dorsal view approximately 1.45× as maximal wide as long. In the males, the clypeus is approximately 1.05× as wide as long; cuspis with a relatively small dorsal process which is not shorter than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached below the top of the cuspis apex so that the latter is protruding as a relatively long free acute spine; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus broadly rounded in lateral view.</p><p>Description. Female. Body length (from head to apical margin of T2) 10.5– 12 mm; fore wing length 10.5– 11 mm.</p><p>Head about 1.1× as wide as long in frontal view. Clypeus as wide as long, its apical emargination very shallow, less than 0.1× as deep as wide, taking about 1/4 of clypeal width, apical teeth blunt. Cephalic fovea as broad as distance between lateral ocelli, weakly impressed; distance between lateral ocellus and occiput 1.6× as distance between lateral ocelli. Pronotal carina well developed, forming slightly acute angles at anterolateral corners of pronotum. Epicnemial carina strongly developed. Scutellum convex. Metanotum with irregular horizontal surface and flat vertical posterior surface with right angle between them. Propodeum with distinct transverse carina between shelf and concavity forming laterally acute teeth-like projections. Propodeal valvula pointed posteriorly. T1 1.45× as wide as long in dorsal view, forms rounded right angle in lateral view, with three small longitudinal carinae. T2 evenly convex in lateral view. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, in ventral view with longitudinal furrow at base.</p><p>Clypeus dull, longitudinally rugose, with minute punctures. Frons and vertex with deep punctures, interstices reaching puncture diameter; punctures on gena slightly sparser. Pronotum dorsally with punctures similar to those on vertex; lateral parts of pronotum longitudinally wrinkled. Sculpture on scutum coarser than that on dorsal surface of pronotum, punctures sometimes form longitudinal rows, especially posteriorly. Tegula nearly smooth, with few minute punctures. Punctures on dorsal mesepisternum and scutellum similar in size to those on dorsal surface of pronotum but interstices larger, exceeding puncture diameter. Ventral mesepisternum and mesepimeron reticulate, interstices sharp, much less than puncture diameter. Metanotum, dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of propodeum with shallow irregular, indistinct but coarse punctures. Metapleuron and lateral surface of propodeum longitudinally rugose, without distinct punctures. Propodeal concavity transversally rugose, without distinct punctures. T1 except lateral parts and T2–T5 with distinct sparse punctures larger than those on clypeus but much smaller than on gena, interstices exceeding several times puncture diameter, dull, with reticulate microsculpture. Lateral parts of T1 with much larger punctures similar to those on dorsal mesepisternum and scutellum. T6 mostly with microsculpture only. Sculpture of S1 similar to that of lateral parts of T1. Basal part of S2 before transverse furrow dull, with microsculpture only. Sculpture of distal part of S2 after transverse furrow and S3–S6 as that of corresponding terga.</p><p>Frons, hind margin of gena, propleuron, and coxae with rather hooked setae somewhat less in length than diameter of scapus at base. Lateral edges of propodeum with similar but straighter and about 1.5 times longer setae. Most other body parts bare or with very minute setae.</p><p>Basal color black. The following parts orange-yellow: clypeus except anterior margin or sometimes central black spot (rarely enlarged to whole distal part of clypeus), spot on frons between antennal sockets, anterior and lower faces of scapus, bands along inner margins of eyes from clypeus to ocular sinuses, large spots on genae, most part of pronotum, large spot on dorsal mesepisternum, tegulae and parategulae, most part of scutellum except thin anterior margin, metanotum, large lateral spots on propodeum, T1, S1, apical band on T2 enlarged laterally, apical bands on T3–T5, most part of T6, apical band on S2, apical band on S3 (sometimes interrupted twice). Legs from femora onwards ferruginous. Wings fuscous, especially in marginal cell.</p><p>Male. Body length (from head to apical margin of T2) 6–9 mm; fore wing length 7–9 mm.</p><p>Structure as in female but mandible with notch and nearly quadrate preapical tooth, clypeus 1.05× as wide as long; its apical emargination deep, approximately 0.9× as deep as wide, taking about 1/3 of clypeal width, apical teeth acute. F11 rather blunt, curved, approximately of equal width at base and at top, reaching apical margin of F8. Male genitalia as in Figs 16–18. Paramere comparatively broad; cuspis with small dorsal process of approximately equal length and width at base; base of digitus attached below cuspis apex. Aedeagus with median expansion; ventral lobe of aedeagus relatively large, broadly rounded in lateral view.</p><p>Sculpture similar to that in female but clypeus less rugose. T6 and S6 punctured similarly to previous segments. T7 and S7+8 mostly with microsculpture only.</p><p>Setae as in female.</p><p>Coloration mostly as in female but mandible, labrum, clypeus, spot on frons, anterior face of scapus, bands along inner margins of eyes, and ventral spots on coxae yellow. F10 and F11 brown. S4–S6 sometimes with yellow apical bands at center.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Ting-Jing Li (Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China) in recognition of her valuable contribution to the taxonomy of the Chinese eumenine wasps.</p><p>Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai) (Fig. 28).</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related and somewhat similar to both P. kozhevnikovi and P. tricarinata but can be distinguished from them by a longer clypeus and a longer T 1 in both the female and the male as well as by a different structure of the genitalia in the male.</p><p>Bionomics. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F86A777F66C3FA75B088FDFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F877777E66C3FD49B296F86A.text	03D587D5F877777E66C3FD49B296F86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona tricarinata (Kokujev 1913)	<div><p>Pseudepipona tricarinata (Kokujev, 1913)</p><p>(Figs 19–21, 28, 53–56)</p><p>Odynerus herrichii var. tricarinatus Kokujev, 1913: 4, ♀; type locality: “ Caucasus (Geok-tapa)” [Azerbaijan].</p><p>Pseudepipona tricarinata: Blüthgen, 1939: 242 .</p><p>Material examined. RUSSIA. Volgograd Province: Sarepta, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A.K. Becker [ZISP] . Astrakhan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.24063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.67245" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.24063/lat 46.67245)">13 km S Liman</a>, 46.67245°N, 47.240633°E, 25.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 25.VII.2015, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; 35 km NNW Astrakhan, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.845516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.628" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.845516/lat 46.628)">Volzhskoye</a>, 46.628°N, 47.845517°E, 26.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M.Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; Akhtubinsk District, Bogdo-Baskunchak Nature Reserve, 48.15°, 46.88°, 10.VII.2014, 1 ♀, leg. K.A. Grebennikov [ CAFK] (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64049225); Akhtubinsk District, Ilmen, 3. VI.2007, 1 ♂, leg. O.N. Kalinina [CFUS]; Astrachan [= Astrakhan], 1 ♀, 2 ♂ [ZISP]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.53/lat 46.965)">Yenotayevka District</a>, vicinity of Volzhskiy, 46.965°N, 47.53°E, 8.VII.2017, 1 ♀, leg. M. V. Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 46.965°N, 47.53°E, 10.VII.2017, 1 ♀, leg. M. V. Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 46.965°N, 47.53°E, 16.VIII.2017, 1 ♀, leg. M. V . Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 46.965°N, 47.53°E, 2.X.2016, 1 ♀, leg. M. V . Mokrousov [CFUS] . Kalmykia: 10 km NNE Lagan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.4077&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.476368" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.4077/lat 45.476368)">Babinskoye Lake</a>, 45.476367°N, 47.4077°E, 24.VII.2015, 1 ♀, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; 17 km SWW Artezian, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.455082&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.9343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.455082/lat 44.9343)">Kuma River</a>, 44.9343°N, 46.455083°E, 20.VII.2015, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.64612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.152233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.64612/lat 46.152233)">Mokrousov</a> &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; 22 km E Yashkul, 46.152233°N, 45.646117°E, 17.VII.2015, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [ CAFK]. Stavropol Territory: Zimnyaya Stavka, 15.VII.1911, 1 ♀, leg. B. Uvarov [ZISP] . Dagestan: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.69197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.442993" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.69197/lat 44.442993)">13 km NE Kochubey</a>, 44.442994°N, 46.691969°E, 18. VI .2018, 2 ♂, leg. Yu. V . Astafurova, K.I. Fadeev, V . M. Loktionov, M. V . Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.580994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.601124" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.580994/lat 44.601124)">23 km N Kochubey</a>, 44.601125°N, 46.580994°E, 17. VI .2018, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. V . Astafurova, K.I. Fadeev, V . M. Loktionov, M. V . Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.32633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.995613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.32633/lat 43.995613)">3 km SW Novoterechnoye</a>, 43.995614°N, 47.326328°E, 20. VI .2018, 2 ♂, leg. Yu. V . Astafurova, K.I. Fadeev, V .M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.397926&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.904305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.397926/lat 43.904305)">7 km NW Staroterechnoye</a>, 43.904303°N, 47.397925°E, 20. VI .2018, 1 ♂, leg. Yu. V . Astafurova, K.I. Fadeev, V . M. Loktionov, M. V . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.321384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6012/lat 44.321384)">Mokrousov</a> &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; 9 km SSE Kochubey, 44.321383°N, 46.6012°E, 21.VII.2015, 3 ♀, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V .M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; ibid., 22.VII.2015, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CAFK]; ibid., 22.VII.2015, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. S.A. Belokobylskij, V.M. Loktionov, M. V. Mokrousov &amp; M. Yu. Proshchalykin [CFUS]; Biryuzyak, 14. VI.1962, 1 ♀ [FSCV] (Giordani Soika 1970a, reported as “ Tuprozsk ” but it was actually written in cyrillic as “БирЮЗяк”); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.233/lat 41.908)">Kamyshchay River valley</a>, 41.908°N, 48.233°E, 10. VI.2017, 2 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. M. V. Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 11. VI.2017, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. M. V. Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 12. VI.2017, 1 ♀, leg. M. V. Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 12. VI.2017, 1 ♂, leg. V. Gromenko [CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2017, 1 ♂, leg. M. V . Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 14. VI .2017, 3 ♂, leg. M. V . Mokrousov [CFUS]; ibid., 13. VI .2018, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., on Tamarix hohenackeri, 13. VI .2018, 3 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., on Suaeda microphylla, 16. VI .2018, 2 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., on S. microphylla, 17. VI .2018, 1 ♀, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., 29. VI .2018, 2 ♂, leg. M. V . Mokrousov &amp; K.I. Fadeev [CAFK]; ibid., 30. V .2019, 1 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; ibid., on T. hohenackeri, 30. V .2019, 1 ♂, leg. A. V . Fateryga [CAFK]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.270554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.879166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.270554/lat 41.879166)">Rubas River valley</a>, 41°52′45″N, 48°16′14″E, 2. VI .2019, 2 ♂, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin &amp; V . M. Loktionov [CAFK]; Tarumovka District, bank of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.489/lat 44.933)">Kuma River</a>, 44.933°N, 46.489°E, 3. VI .2016, 1 ♂, leg. M. V . Mokrousov [CFUS] . GEORGIA: Borshom [= Borjomi], 1 ♀, leg. Christoph [ZISP] . ARMENIA: Eriwan [= Yerevan], 1 ♂ [ZISP]. AZERBAIJAN: Lenkoran, Damakh (Novogolovka), 30. VI –1.VII.1909, 1 ♂, leg. A. Kiritchenko [ZISP]; Salyan Uezd, Dzhafarkhan, 2.X.1927, 1 ♀, leg. Bocharnikov [ZISP] . KAZAKHSTAN. Mangystau Province: Transcaspian Province, Fort Aleksandriyskiy, 5.VII.1909, 1 ♀, leg. N. Nasonov [ZISP] .</p><p>Additional literature records. RUSSIA: Astrakhan Province: Astrachan [= Astrakhan] (Blüthgen 1939). TURKEY: Kars, Idgir, 2400 piedi (Giordani Soika 1970a).</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus approximately 1.15× as wide as long, with relatively deeply emarginated apical margin, yellow with a longitudinal black spot in its distal half; scutum without two comma-like spots; scutellum with a thick apical band taking more than a half of its area; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally rather right angles; propodeal valvula bluntly angled posteriorly; T1 with three small longitudinal carinae, in dorsal view approximately 1.55× as maximal wide as long. In the males, the clypeus is approximately 1.10× as wide as long; cuspis with a relatively small dorsal process which is not shorter than its width at the base; base of the digitus attached below the top of the cuspis apex so that the latter is protruding as a relatively long free acute spine; aedeagus with a median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus rather angled in lateral view; aedeagus in dorsal view narrow.</p><p>Distribution. Russia (Volgograd Province, Astrakhan Province, Kalmykia, Stavropol Territory, Dagestan), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kazakhstan (Mangystau Province) (Fig. 28). The records from China (Kurzenko 1977) refer to P. tingjingliae sp. nov.</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related to P. kozhevnikovi but can be distinguished from it by a deeper emargination of the apical margin of the clypeus and the absence of the comma-like spots on the scutum in the female as well as by a different structure of the genitalia in the male.</p><p>Bionomics. Adult feeding was recorded in Dagestan on flowers of Suaeda microphylla Pall. (Chenopodiaceae) and Tamarix hohenackeri Bunge (Tamaricaceae) (see Material examined).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F877777E66C3FD49B296F86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
03D587D5F871777B66C3FF6CB39AFBE0.text	03D587D5F871777B66C3FF6CB39AFBE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudepipona valentinae Fateryga 2022	<div><p>Pseudepipona valentinae Fateryga, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 22–24, 28, 39, 57–63)</p><p>Holotype. RUSSIA. Amur Province: “Приамурье, с. Дим, W Поярково” [Priamurye, Dim, W Poyarkovo], 16.VII.1975, 1 ♀, leg. A.S. Lelej [FSCV] (Figs 57–60).</p><p>Paratypes. RUSSIA. Amur Province: “Приамурье, окр. с. Натальино, р. Зея” [Priamurye, Vicinity of Natal’ino, Zeya River], 12.VII.1975, 1 ♂, leg. N. V. Kurzenko [FSCV] (Figs 61–63); “Амурская обл. Натальино, р. Зея ” [Natal’ino, Zeya River], 18. VI.1976, 1 ♂, leg. Kuznetsov [FSCV]; “Амурская обл. окр. БлаговеЩенск” [Vicinity of Blagoveshchensk], 31.VII.1983, 1 ♂, leg. N. Moroz [FSCV]. Primorkiy Territory: “Приморская опытная станция. На красном клевере” [Primorskaya Experimental Station, on red clover ( Trifolium sp.)], 21.VIII.1947, 1 ♀, leg. Yu. Karnaukh [FSCV]; ibid., 22.VIII.1947, 4 ♀, leg. Z. Neupokoyeva [FSCV]; “Приморье, окр. ПреобраЖен. уроч. Тагин-гоу” [Vicinity of Preobrazheniye, Tagin-Gou Landmark], 10.IX.1979, 1 ♂, leg. T.G. Romankova [FSCV] . CHINA. Heilongjiang: “д. Лангаши, МанчЖур.” [Manchuria, Langashi], 10–20. VI .1905, 1 ♂, leg. Serebryannikov [ZISP] . Shanxi: “ Monasterium Utai ”, 1 ♀ [ZISP] .</p><p>Observations on iNaturalist. CHINA. Beijing: [with a prey], V.2019, 1 ♀, Home Mountain (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/102650425, as Pseudepipona herrichii) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from other members of the P. herrichii -group by the following combination of characters: clypeus as wide as long, entirely black or with two small basal pale-yellow spots; scutellum with a relatively thin apical band rather equal to or slightly thicker than that on the metanotum; propodeum with a weakly developed transverse carina between the shelf and concavity forming laterally blunt angles; propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly; T1 without three small longitudinal carinae. In the males, the clypeus is also as wide as long; cuspis lacking the dorsal process; base of the digitus attached directly to the top of the cuspis apex; aedeagus lacking the median expansion; ventral lobe of the aedeagus large and long.</p><p>Description. Female. Body length (from head to apical margin of T2) 9.5– 12 mm; fore wing length 9.5– 11 mm.</p><p>Head about 1.1× as wide as long in frontal view. Clypeus as wide as long; its apical emargination very shallow, much less than 0.1× as deep as wide, taking about 1/4 of clypeal width, apical teeth blunt. Cephalic fovea as broad as distance between lateral ocelli, weakly impressed; distance between lateral ocellus and occiput 1.8× as distance between lateral ocelli. Pronotal carina well developed, forming right angles at anterolateral corners of pronotum. Epicnemial carina developed. Scutellum convex. Metanotum with irregular horizontal surface impressed medially and flat vertical posterior surface with right angle between them. Propodeum with weakly developed transverse carina between shelf and concavity forming laterally blunt angles. Propodeal valvula rounded posteriorly. T1 1.6× as wide as long in dorsal view, bluntly roundly angled in lateral view, without three small longitudinal carinae. T2 evenly convex in lateral view. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, in ventral view with longitudinal furrow at base.</p><p>Clypeus dull, sparsely punctate and longitudinally rugose, interstices exceeding puncture diameter, with distinct microsculpture. Frons and vertex with deeper and coarser punctures than those on clypeus, interstices reaching puncture diameter; punctures on gena slightly sparser. Pronotum dorsally with punctures similar to those on vertex; lateral parts of pronotum with punctures arranged in longitudinal rows with sharp interstices between them. Sculpture on scutum coarser than that on dorsal surface of pronotum. Tegula nearly smooth, with few minute punctures. Punctures on yellow parts of dorsal mesepisternum and scutellum as well as posterior face of metanotum similar in size to those on dorsal surface of pronotum but interstices somewhat larger, exceeding puncture diameter. Black part of dorsal mesepisternum and scutellum as well as ventral mesepisternum and mesepimeron with coarser punctures similar to those on scutum. Dorsal face of metanotum, dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of propodeum with coarse reticulate sculpture with sharp interstices. Metapleuron and lateral surface of propodeum longitudinally rugose and with sparse shallow punctures. Propodeal concavity transversally rugose, without distinct punctures. T1 except basal part with punctures similar to those on dorsal surface of pronotum but interstices exceeding puncture diameter; basal part of T1 rather smooth, with few punctures. T2–T5 with distinct sparse punctures similar in size to those on clypeus but much deeper, interstices surpassing puncture diameter, dull, with reticulate microsculpture. T6 mostly with microsculpture only. Sculpture of S1 similar to that of most part of T1. Basal part of S2 before transverse furrow dull, with microsculpture only. Sculpture of distal part of S2 after transverse furrow and S3–S5 coarser than that of corresponding terga. S6 with microsculpture and sparse shallow punctures.</p><p>Frons with rather hooked setae reaching in length diameter of scapus at apex, hind margin of gena, propleuron, coxae, dorsal surface of pronotum, T1, S1, and S2 with similar but two times shorter setae. Lateral edges of propodeum with setae similar to those on frons but straighter. Most other body parts bare or with very minute setae.</p><p>Basal color black. The following parts pale-yellow: two small basal spots on clypeus (sometimes reduced), small spot on frons between antennal sockets, bands along inner margins of eyes from clypeus to ocular sinuses, spots on genae, basal band on pronotum, large spot on dorsal mesepisternum, tegulae and parategulae, apical band on scutellum, apical band on metanotum, small lateral spots on propodeum (sometimes reduced), apical bands on T1–T5, apical spots laterally on S2 and S3. Lower face of scapus, legs from femora onwards, lateral parts of T1 and entire S2 reddish. Wings strongly fuscous.</p><p>Male. Body length (from head to apical margin of T2) 6–9.5 mm; fore wing length 6.5–8.5 mm.</p><p>Structure as in female but mandible with notch and nearly quadrate preapical tooth, apical emargination of clypeus deep, approximately 0.8× as deep as wide, taking about 1/3 of clypeal width, apical teeth acute. F11 rather blunt, curved, approximately of equal width at base and at top, reaching apical margin of F8. Male genitalia as in Figs 22–24. Paramere comparatively narrow; cuspis without dorsal process; base of digitus attached at cuspis apex. Aedeagus without median expansion; ventral lobe of aedeagus large and long.</p><p>Sculpture similar to that in female but clypeus not rugose. T6 and S6 punctured similarly to previous segments. T7 mostly with microsculpture only; S7+8 with microsculpture and sparse shallow punctures.</p><p>Setae as in female.</p><p>Coloration mostly as in female but mandible, labrum, clypeus, and lower face of scapus pale yellow. Underside of flagellum and entire F10 and F11 ferruginous.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to my wife, Valentina V. Fateryga.</p><p>Distribution. Russia (Amur Province, Primorkiy Territory), China (Beijing, Heilongjiang, Shanxi) (Fig. 28).</p><p>Remarks. This species is very similar, in external view, to P. herrichii (cf. Figs 38, 39). It, however, strongly differs by the structure of the male genitalia (viz. the absence of both the dorsal process of cuspis and the median expansion of the aedeagus) from all the remaining members of the P. herrichii -group. The species can be also distinguished from both P. herrichii and P. aldrichi by a longer clypeus in both the female and the male.</p><p>Bionomics. Females hunt for caterpillars (Fig. 39). Adult feeding was recorded in the Primorkiy Territory on flowers of Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (see Paratypes).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D5F871777B66C3FF6CB39AFBE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fateryga, Alexander V.	Fateryga, Alexander V. (2022): Revision of the Pseudepipona herrichii-group of the eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from China and Russia. Zootaxa 5154 (2): 101-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.1
