taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D487D9FFB34344FCB7FBE088B80F22.taxon	distribution	Distribution ― Five species (ranging from the Himalayas to Yunnan, Myanmar, Indochina to Malesia (Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands) (Airy Shaw 1972, 1982, Govaerts et al. 2000, Phattarahirankanok & Chayamarit 2005).	en	van Welzen, P. C. (2018): The genus Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 63 (2): 125-129, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06
03D487D9FFB14345FFEDFDFB8B4E08A2.taxon	description	Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh in Nicolson et al. (1988) 106; Phattar. & Chayam. (2005) 121, f. 25; P. T. Li & M. G. Gilbert (2008) 277; (2009) f. 333: 4. ― Croton solanifolius Burm. (non Geiseler, see below) (1769) 6 (‘ solanifolium ’). ― Type: Rheede, Hort. Malab. 10 (1690) t. 76. See note 1.	en	van Welzen, P. C. (2018): The genus Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 63 (2): 125-129, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06
03D487D9FFB14345FFEDFDFB8B4E08A2.taxon	description	[Baliospermum angulare Decne. ex Baill. (1858) 395, nom. nud. ― No specimen cited.] [Baliospermum moritzianum Baill. (1858) 395, nom. nud. ― Cited specimen: Zollinger 615 (G-DC), cited as Moritzi 615.]	en	van Welzen, P. C. (2018): The genus Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 63 (2): 125-129, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06
03D487D9FFB14345FFEDFDFB8B4E08A2.taxon	description	Baliospermum axillare Blume var. heterophylla Gagnep. (1927) 430. ― Type: Bon s. n. (holo P), Annam [Vietnam], Prov. de Thanh-hoa, Trinh-nga.	en	van Welzen, P. C. (2018): The genus Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 63 (2): 125-129, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06
03D487D9FFB14345FFEDFDFB8B4E08A2.taxon	distribution	Distribution ― Southeast Asia: ranging from India to S China (Yunnan Prov.) to Indochina; in Malesia: absent in the Malay Peninsula, present on Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Sumbawa), and the Moluccas (Ambon). Habitat & Ecology ― Found in disturbed, seasonally dry habitats: shaded to partly open, often wet, fire-damaged, very degraded, mixed evergreen and deciduous hardwood forest with bamboo, in bamboo thickets, and in alang-alang; bedrock soil granite, limestone or shale. Even found on walls of demolished buildings. Altitude: 20 - 1300 m. Flowering and fruiting whole year through. Uses ― A decoction of the leaves is used as a purgative; the seeds are a drastic purgative (Radcliffe-Smith 2001). However, quite the opposite, the Karen hilltribes in N Thailand cut up the roots or leaves, soak these with seven grains of rice for 30 minutes and drink the liquid to stop vomiting and nausea (E. F. Anderson 5459, L). Vernacular names ― Thailand: Long pom, nong pom, thon di, tong tae, tong taek, thon di; pho-bo-cho, tho-khlo (Karen in Mae Hong Son) (Smitinand 2014). Java: (Smith 1910): Adakadal, Srintil (Javanese); Kasingat (Sundanese); Miquel (1859): Pantjahan, Oedoe lada (Sundanese). Notes ― 1. The species is generally referred to as B. montanum (based on Jatropha montana by Willdenow 1805), because Burman (1769) seemingly published a nomen nudum when he listed Croton solanifolius. However, Burman correctly referred to a description and plate made by Van Rheede tot Drakestein (1690) and created a valid name (see Nicolson et al. 1988). 2. This species differs from the remainder of the genus in its monoecy, annular staminate disc, generally single, hanging pistillate flowers and the gland-like stipules. Still, the species is variable and may have small to very large, narrow to broad, lobed or non-lobed leaves, short to sometimes long staminate inflorescences, etc. Usually the leaves in the flowering parts are much smaller. In Malesia the specimens are relatively uniform. 3. Petrmitr 256 (in L, from Thailand) may be of hybrid origin. Like B. solanifolium the plant is bisexual with hanging pistillate flowers / fruits. However, the disc is subdivided and sometimes grown into petal-like organs. The separate glands are like in B. calycinum, which also often has the long inflorescences with long peduncle.	en	van Welzen, P. C. (2018): The genus Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 63 (2): 125-129, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.06
