identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D63C4C2F7A3B3AFCE11FF6DC90F8AA.text	03D63C4C2F7A3B3AFCE11FF6DC90F8AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha annexata Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha annexata (Figs. 3, 4a, and 5)</p> <p>In the calling song, two different types of echemes were observed (Fig. 4a). The first consisted of homogeneous groups of six to eight (6 ± 1; n = 19) syllables produced at a period of 61 ± 5 ms (n = 14). Often two groups followed each other at periods of 3 ± 0.7 s (n = 16), while the inter-group intervals were distinctly larger (10–40 s). The second type (Fig. 6) was heard more rarely and interspersed between the first type (intervals before and after several seconds). Here, a group of about 14–16 syllables with decreasing syllable periods (from 58 to 41 ms; n = 9) was followed by one long syllable after an interval of 170 ± 36 ms (n = 9). The males from Zanzibar had a shorter first part (8–12 syllables) and added a few impulse-like sounds after the long syllable (50–200 ms after its end).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7A3B3AFCE11FF6DC90F8AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591ED8DB72FA5D.text	03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591ED8DB72FA5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha binasuta Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha binasuta (Figs. 3 and 4a)</p> <p>In the few recordings of one of the type specimens from the Nguru Mountains, only pairs of syllables (syllable period 51 ± 3 ms; SRR = 20 Hz; n = 10) were detected. The intervals between the pairs were obviously large, since recordings containing two pairs in sequence do not exist.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591ED8DB72FA5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591FD7DC21FAE0.text	03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591FD7DC21FAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha combretoides Hemp 2013	<div><p>Eurycorypha combretoides (Figs. 3 and 4a)</p> <p>The song of E. combretoides was described by Hemp et al. (2013) for an animal from Mt. Kilimanjaro. The songs of the now additionally recorded males are very similar. They mostly contain two different types of echemes: a louder and a softer one (softer one not heard in the animal from Bukoba). In the louder echeme, a long syllable is followed first by a distinctly shorter one and later by an isolated impulse. The softer echeme is similar in structure, but after the pair, a third syllable can be heard, while an isolated impulse is often missing. Louder and softer echemes are produced in pure or mixed order at intervals of a few to many seconds. Often two loud echemes are produced at relatively short intervals of 1 to 2 s. Series of typically three to five echemes are separated by intervals of several minutes. The first syllable periods in the louder and in the softer echemes are around 70 ms, the second in the louder (to the impulse) around 60 ms, in the softer ones around 140 ms (measured from peak to peak).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7D3B3DFF591FD7DC21FAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7D3B3CFCE11F11DB39F8AB.text	03D63C4C2F7D3B3CFCE11F11DB39F8AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha conclusa Hemp 2013	<div><p>Eurycorypha conclusa (Figs. 3, 4a, 6, and 7)</p> <p>The calling song of E. conclusa differs from all other known Eurycoryphya songs because it contains long (1–9 s), homogenous series of syllables (Fig. 4a). These long echemes occurred typically in mixed series interspersed with short echemes (Fig. 7a). The series were separated by long intervals (several to many minutes). During these times, the males produced short echemes lasting 50–400 ms. Occasionally, a male may also sing several hours without producing long echemes. The short elements were (often much) louder and much more common than the long ones and relatively variable in their intervals (e.g., 0.5–60 s, sometimes in pairs or groups), amplitude and in number (3–13) and composition (one to a few impulses) of syllables. The syllables typically contained more impulses in the long than in the short echemes. Before a long echeme is registered, often the short elements became longer and the intervals shorter so that a more or less continuous transition could be observed. In both types of echemes, the syllables were repeated at a rate of 30–50 Hz (T = 20–26 °C).</p> <p>The females responded to the male song typically about 200 ms after the beginning of a short echeme (Figs. 5 and 7 c; means of four females: 292 ± 71 ms, n = 46, T = 20 °C; 149 ± 20 ms, n = 11, 154 ± 31 ms, n = 10; T = 23 °C; 164 ± 16 ms; n = 10; T = 25.5 °C). If the male echeme was longer than the female latency, the female response occurred before its end (Fig. 7e, f). The female responses were often also placed between the two short echemes of one echeme pair (Fig. 7b, d). However, all four females answered occasionally also directly after the end of a long echeme (Figs. 5 and 7b; delay after the last syllable, means, 205 ± 34 ms, n = 9, T = 20 °C; 201 ± 41 ms, n = 9, 169 ± 21 ms, n = 4; T = 23 °C; 204 ± 33 ms, n = 10, T = 25.5 °C). In this situation, one young female, just beginning to respond, produced a few responses with unusual large delays of 1–2 s (n = 6). The female responses consisted of one to several loud impulses, often accompanied by some soft sounds.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7D3B3CFCE11F11DB39F8AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7C3B3EFCE11ED8D87CFB45.text	03D63C4C2F7C3B3EFCE11ED8D87CFB45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha curviflava Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha curviflava (Figs. 3, 4a, 6, 8a, and 9a)</p> <p>In the calling song of E. curviflava, three sound elements are found which were produced in homogenous series, in alternation or mixed (Fig. 4a). Besides short and long echemes (see below), the males made regularly long isolated syllables. Two of these elements occurred always in a fixed combination, considered basic unit of the song; the “short” echemes contained three to five syllables (4.3 ± 0.5; syllable period 74 ± 12 ms; SRR, 13.5 Hz; n = 6 males with 10 measurements each; T = ca. 20–23 °C). Within the syllables, the impulses were densely packed, and no intervals could be recognized. After an interval of 1.6 ± 0.3 s, they were followed by a long, isolated syllable (236 ± 51 ms) consisting of clearly recognizable impulses. The coefficient of variation for the interval was quite low, between 1.5 and 5.5% for the males recorded in the laboratory, and only in the field recorded male 10.2%. This basic unit could be repeated without any other sound between in intervals of several seconds. Often, however, two of these combinations were separated by “long” echemes. These sounds were typically softer than the basic unit and variable concerning the number of elements they consisted of. Without interruption, typically 11.7 ± 8.5 elements were observed (range, 3–40; period, 277 ± 35 ms), but quite frequently several of these echemes followed each other directly before the next short echeme was produced. The elements of the long echemes consisted typically of a few (mostly 3–5) impulse-like sounds, clearly separated from each other. Their period (29.8 ± 4.8 ms; repetition rate, 34 Hz) was so regular that for their production, a neuronal basis seems to be more likely than simple contacts of the scraper with neighboring teeth of the stridulatory file.</p> <p>If two males were singing side by side without hearing a female response, they alternated on a long or short time scale. Sometimes, they produced their series during silent periods of the other male, separated from the other’ s song by long gaps (at least 90 s). However, they alternated also on a short time scale. In this case, they produced their long echemes preferentially during the silent intervals of the other (Fig. 8a).</p> <p>The females responded to two male sound elements (Fig. 6). Most answers occurred during the long echemes. Here, the females responded with a mean delay of 130 ms (seven series with ten measurements each of three females at different male-female distances) after the beginning of a syllable. They responded also to the single syllables, but the delay measured from the beginning of the syllable was larger than in the long echemes and more variable (mean delay of 238 ms in eight series with ten measurements each of three females at different male-female distances and to different males). Very often, the responses occurred before the end of the syllables and contained more groups of impulses (Fig. 9) than responses to the long echemes. At a distance of 10 cm between the singers the mean delay was 182 ms (range, 144–221 ms; n = 3 series), at 50 and 200 cm, the mean delays were 270 and 274 ms, respectively (range, 235–320 ms; n = 5 series). At 200 cm distance, one of the females responded only to the single syllables but not in the long echemes. The females were not observed to respond to the short echemes except in three cases. Interestingly, here always a short impulse-like sound preceded directly the echeme and the response followed after this sound (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7C3B3EFCE11ED8D87CFB45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7E3B3EFF591E9CDA80FB02.text	03D63C4C2F7E3B3EFF591E9CDA80FB02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha elongata Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha elongata (Figs. 3, 4a, and 5)</p> <p>The calling song of E. elongata consisted nearly always of short, mostly disyllabic echemes (Fig. 4a; 1.9 ± 0.7; n = 104; range, 1–5) with a syllable repetition rate of around 25 Hz (syllable period, 41 ± 3 ms; n = 47). These echemes followed each other in quite variable intervals (echeme period, 4.2 ± 6.3 s; n = 92; range, 0.1–32 s). In the first syllable of the recorded type specimen, always a very weak opening hemisyllable was observed and an abrupt beginning of the closing hemisyllable.</p> <p>While singing in the afternoon, the paratype from Amani produced a very different song, consisting of pairs of two various echemes (Fig. 5). The first echeme was made by a series of six to seven syllables, with the last the loudest and the penultimate the softest. Here, the syllable repetition rate was about 30 Hz (syllable period, 37 ± 3 ms; n = 11), while in the second echeme the much shorter syllables were produced at a rate of about 15 Hz (syllable number, 5.4 ± 0.9; syllable period, 62 ± 6 ms; n = 8).</p> <p>In a series of recordings, a female was caged together with a male. Here, after disyllable echemes of the male sometimes soft impulses were registered which may be considered as female responses (at intervals of about 400 ms). However, they differed only very little in spectrum from the male song so they may also be female imitations by the male (see Discussion).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7E3B3EFF591E9CDA80FB02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F7E3B31FCE11F7DD8FDFA1E.text	03D63C4C2F7E3B31FCE11F7DD8FDFA1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha flexata Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha flexata (Figs. 3, 4a, and 6)</p> <p>The basic unit of the calling song of E. flexata consists of a pair of syllables, followed after an interval of nearly 1 s (0.8 ± 0.3 s; n = 41; range, 0.4– 1.3 s) by a single syllable (Fig. 4a). The syllables in the pair were produced at a rate of around 15 Hz (syllable period, 70 ± 7 ms; n = 42). The duration of the syllables was relatively variable, but the means increased from 11.9 ± 5.3 ms in the first, 16.5 ± 7.4 ms in the second to 27.1 ± 5.9 ms in the third (n = 32–33). The song units were heard at intervals of a few to many seconds, with short close series separated by longer gaps.</p> <p>If a female responded, she did so always after the third syllable (trigger syllable) with a latency of 349 ± 34 ms (n = 40) (Fig. 5). The female response consisted mostly of several loud impulses (2.7 ± 1.8; n = 38: range, 1–6) often combined with irregular soft sounds. Having heard a female’ s reply, the male often modified its song and omitted the pair of syllables in the next song. It produced even several of these monosyllabic songs (2.8 ± 1.8; n = 23) in a series, starting after a first interval of 2.5 ± 0.4 s (n = 24) after the responded syllable. Occasionally, the females responded to these isolated syllables with single impulses. A female deprived of any male contacts for a long time sang spontaneously with several (3–5) impulses in a fast sequence (60–70 ms periods).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F7E3B31FCE11F7DD8FDFA1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F713B30FF591F8AD8CCF971.text	03D63C4C2F713B30FF591F8AD8CCF971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha kenyensis Massa 2016	<div><p>Eurycorypha kenyensis (Figs. 3, 4a, and 5)</p> <p>In the calling song of E. kenyensis, two different elements were observed, both of them produced for quite long times without alternating between them (Fig. 4a). The first element was a simple echeme with four syllables (syllable period, 32 ± 3 ms; SRR, 31 Hz; n = 10; T = 26 °C). It was heard continuously for more than 2 h produced at an echeme repetition rate of 1.3/min (in another recording, 0.8/min for 60 min). The second element was produced at intervals of some seconds in series lasting a few minutes and separated by intervals often larger than 10 min. It was relatively variable in structure and can be described in its most typical form as a group of two echemes (Fig. 5). At the beginning of a series, the first echeme consisted of about 20 syllables (20.4 ± 1.6; n = 10), starting with a SRR of about 50 Hz (syllable period, 21.3 ± 1.5 ms) and slowing down to 30 Hz (syllable period, 34.0 ± 2.0 ms). The first syllables were very short but increased more or less continuously in duration. After a relatively variable interval (78 ± 27 ms), the second echeme followed. It was quite similar to the first element, containing three to four syllables (3.6 ± 0.5) with a syllable period of 40 ± 3 ms. The amplitude modulation of the second element was quite characteristically v-shaped, with a loud beginning and end. Within a series, very soon the fourth or fifth syllable of the first echeme became longer without any other changes. However, after some complete echemes, the male often shortened the element by finishing the first echeme after a very long fourth or fifth syllable after some crescendoing short syllables. In the following, it may produce several of these shortened elements. Sometimes even the first echeme occurred as an isolated syllable group. Also, the second echeme was sometimes shortened or enlarged. In addition, isolated impulses were sporadically observed after the second element.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F713B30FF591F8AD8CCF971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F703B33FF591CA2DC51FB02.text	03D63C4C2F703B33FF591CA2DC51FB02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha ligata Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha ligata (Figs. 3, 4b, 5, 6, 8b, and 9b, c)</p> <p>The calling song of E. ligata consists of elements in which three components were combined. An element typically started with a crescendoing series of short syllables (syllable period, 44.0 ± 6.4 ms; syllable number, 5.6 ± 1.9, n = 84), immediately followed by a syllable series with similar rhythm (syllable period, 46.1 ± 5.4 ms; syllable number, 5.4 ± 1.7, n = 61; SRR, 22 Hz), but much longer syllables (Figs. 4b and 5). After an interval of about 200 ms (219 ± 52; n = 71) one very long syllable (80.3 ± 12.4 ms; n = 71) was added. This last syllable often consisted of a soft short first part (opening hemisyllable?) and a loud second part (closing hemisyllable?). The first syllable series was occasionally also produced without the following two parts. Besides these elements which were answered by the females, the males produced sometimes only isolated (intervals 10 s and larger) and quite loud pairs of syllables (syllable period, 61.8.1 ± 1.4 ms; syllable duration, 20.8 ± 1.31 ms; n = 10; SRR 16 Hz) for several minutes, or groups of about five loud syllables (pairs and groups not answered by females).</p> <p>The females responded typically after the third part of the element (Fig. 6). However, the long syllable at the end was obviously not necessary since several duets were recorded where this part was missing. The response occurred 328 ± 27 ms (n = 55; T = 23–25.5 °C) after the end of the second part of the group (lowest coefficient of variation compared with relation to the beginning of the group or to the end of the first series). Measured from the beginning of the long syllable (if present), the delay was 118 ± 26 and 50 ± 19 ms from its end. The influence of a female response on the intensity of the male song is difficult to document. It can be seen only in situations where the female starts to respond after a long silent period (see also Heller et al. 2020). Such a case is shown in Fig. 8b. After two loud pairs of syllables, the male started with a series of elements. After the first female response, it reduced its song intensity abruptly by about 14 dB, still sufficient to elicit a response, and continued with this reduced intensity, receiving responses.</p> <p>In acoustical male-male interactions (without females), the first male produced regular sequences of syllable groups (60 and 150 s recorded), the second in one case series of ticks without clear relation to song of the first. In another case (to another male), the ticks of the second were timed similarly as female responses in 65% of the cases (13:20) (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F703B33FF591CA2DC51FB02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F733B33FCE11F7DDDB6F971.text	03D63C4C2F733B33FCE11F7DDDB6F971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha meruensis Sjostedt 1910	<div><p>Eurycorypha meruensis (Figs. 3, 4b, and 5)</p> <p>The calling song consisted of long (30–60 s) series of short elements with intervals around 2 s (Fig. 4b) in between. Typically, a series started with groups containing two different echeme types and changed to simple echemes. In the echeme group (Fig. 5), first a crescendoing group of three to four relatively long syllables (duration of last and longest syllable 26.4 ± 4.0 ms; n = 19; T = 20 °C; SRR 33 Hz) was heard, after a gap of 127 ± 9 ms (n = 11) followed by an echeme containing three to five very short syllables (duration 1.6 ± 0.9 ms; n = 11; T = 20 °C; SRR 30 Hz). In the simple echemes, only the first echeme type was found.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F733B33FCE11F7DDDB6F971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F733B35FCE11CA2D8AFFC2C.text	03D63C4C2F733B35FCE11CA2D8AFFC2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha pianofortis Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha pianofortis (Figs. 3, 4b, 5, 6, 8c, and 10)</p> <p>The species has an unusually complex song, containing different types of echemes (Figs. 4b and 8c). One of these types was much louder than the others. The species name refers to this difference in intensity (pianofortis = quiet loud). The structure of the loud echeme was relatively simple, a group of three to five syllables produced with a rate of 18 Hz (syllable period 55 ± 9 ms, syllable duration 25 ± 3 ms; n = 7 from 7 different males). These echemes were presented isolated or in small groups (2–4) with intra-group intervals of a few seconds. Before the syllable group regularly a few isolated impulses were observed appearing as a strongly reduced syllable. The other echeme types in the surrounding of the loud echemes (length of sound files 30–450 s, mean 171 s) were 12 dB softer (mean; range, 6.7–16.7 dB; Fig. 8c). One of these echeme types is very similar to the loud one (SRR, 18 Hz; syllable period, 56 ± 4 ms; syllable duration, 34 ± 4 ms; n = 8 from 8 different males), but much softer. It was often found in the proximity of loud echemes and could even be produced in alternation. Both types were never answered by females. The third type contained much more syllables, clustered in one group followed by one isolated syllable. Sometimes a more or less smooth transition from the second type occurred by adding groups of syllables of increasing numbers (Fig. 10a). This echeme type (Fig. 5) contained 13.7 ± 3.4 (8 males; 5 measurements per male) syllables. Within the echeme, the syllable repetition rate increased slightly from 18 to 25 Hz (measured in the third period from beginning respectively end; 53.8 ± 7.4 to 39.5 ± 5.1 ms) with decreasing syllable duration (31.0 ± 6.6 to 22.3 ± 3.1 ms). The isolated syllable was produced after a quite variable gap of 399 ± 101 ms but was relatively constant in reference to the beginning of the echeme (1024 ± 90 ms).</p> <p>The acoustical response of the female was registered 126 ± 27 ms (3 females; 5 measurements per female) after the beginning of the isolated syllable in the male echeme (Fig. 6). It consisted of one to several loud impulses and often of some soft additional ones. Occasionally, the female produced a few isolated impulses after the main response (within the next 500 ms). If a male had heard the response it often modified its song by adding one or rarely several single syllables after the isolated syllable of the echeme. Sometimes, it made also a series of soft impulses between these syllables (Fig. 10b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F733B35FCE11CA2D8AFFC2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F753B35FF591E45DC77FB46.text	03D63C4C2F753B35FF591E45DC77FB46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha pseudomeruensis Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha pseudomeruensis (Figs. 3, 4b, and 5)</p> <p>As in E. meruensis, the calling song consisted of long (30– 60 s) series of short elements with intervals of around 1–2 s in between (Fig. 4b). Mostly a series contained groups containing two different echeme types, more rarely also simple echemes. In the echeme group, first a very short crescendoing group of two (1–3) relatively long syllables (duration of last and longest syllable, 24.8 ± 3.9 ms; n = 21 (7 in 3 males each); T = 26–8 °C) was heard (Fig. 5), after a gap of 55 ± 13 ms followed by an echeme containing three to six short syllables (duration, 6.8 ± 3.0 ms; SRR, 45 Hz).</p> <p>In one test, a female was placed in a cage together with two males. In the recording, sound impulses could be detected which may represent female responses at 294 ± 33 ms (n = 6) after the beginning of simple echemes in the male song (containing only the first part of an echeme group).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F753B35FF591E45DC77FB46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F753B34FCE11EBFDC92FCF2.text	03D63C4C2F753B34FCE11EBFDC92FCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha pseudovaria Hemp 2017	<div><p>Eurycorypha pseudovaria (Figs. 3, 4b, 6, 8d, and 11)</p> <p>The basic unit of the calling song of E. pseudovaria is a short echeme, consisting of three impulse groups of different durations and modulations with different silent intervals (Fig. 4b). The impulse groups probably represent syllables. The first had a duration of 23.1 ms (range, 15.9–31.5 ms; means of 7 males, each based on ≥ 10 measurements). It was separated from the next by an interval of 69.5 ms (range, 61.6–81.7 ms). The next group was shorter (13.4 ms; range, 11.2–16.2 ms), followed by a short interval of 13.7 ms (range, 7.5–19.6 ms) and a final soft group with a duration of 14.6 ms (range, 10.2–25.6 ms; Fig. 11a). This echeme was answered by the female. Often immediately after this unit (with an interval of 220 ms; range, 154–319 ms; means of 6 males, n = 2–10 per male), and after a possible female response, a series (1–6) of two-part sounds followed, interpreted as soft opening and loud closing hemisyllables (syllable periods 62.3 ms; range, 43.5–72. 5 ms; Fig. 11b). Several of such series could follow after one responded song at intervals of several seconds without repeating the calling song (Fig. 8d). In a few males, such syllable groups were also observed isolated without the preceding echeme and were very rarely (observed once) also answered by a female. The intervals between the male songs typically lasted many seconds and remained even in duets above 5 s.</p> <p>The acoustical response of the female was registered 231 ± 13 ms (2 females; 10 measurements per female) after the beginning of the echeme (Figs. 6 and 11). It mostly consisted of one to three loud and several soft impulses (mean duration 45 ms). Due to the low variation in the male song and the variability of the female response, a special trigger element in the male song could not be identified. During a long acoustical interaction (about 1 h) between a male and a female, the female produced also spontaneous sounds without any close relationship to the male song. Surprisingly the male responded to these sounds several times with a series of syllables (delay, 483 ± 174 ms; n = 6) as if it would have had sung itself (Fig. 11e). The males produced these series with the same delay also if the female had responded to another male (Fig. 11c). In some rarely observed acoustical male-male interactions, males produced syllable series in response to the echeme of a “leading” male at similar intervals as the female response (Fig. 11f; 557 ± 98 ms; n = 8). Occasionally, a male produced a relatively long series of impulses during the time of an expected female response or shortly before (Fig. 11d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F753B34FCE11EBFDC92FCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F773B37FF591AE4DB93FD58.text	03D63C4C2F773B37FF591AE4DB93FD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha punctipennis Chopard 1938	<div><p>Eurycorypha punctipennis (Figs. 3, and 4b)</p> <p>The song of E. punctipennis consists of echemes containing two parts (see description in Hemp et al. 2013). The first was always softer and shorter (duration, 126 ± 16 ms; range, 108–168 ms; n = 3 males with 5 measurements each; T = 17–21 °C) with about 44–51 impulses, the second louder and longer (duration, 191 ± 20 ms, range 158–235 ms) containing around 60 impulses. Similar slight shifts of some frequency components in both parts support the idea that each of them is produced by one tegminal movement cycle and not during opening and closing (SRR, 5.3 Hz; syllable period, 187 ± 21 ms). Several (4.5 ± 2.8; n = 44) of these disyllabic echemes were combined to series and repeated at intervals of about 10–16 s. These echeme series were separated by intervals of several minutes up to hours.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F773B37FF591AE4DB93FD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F773B37FF5918CBDBE6FAC0.text	03D63C4C2F773B37FF5918CBDBE6FAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha resonans Hemp 2013	<div><p>Eurycorypha resonans (Figs. 3, 4b, and 5)</p> <p>The calling song of E. resonans was described by Hemp et al. (2013). It contains two different types of echemes, one with two syllables and another one with many syllables. Disyllabic echemes were heard only sporadically and mostly between series of polysyllabic echemes. They were typically produced at relatively large intervals (1–2 min). Both of its syllables were similar in structure (duration of first syllable, 12.2 ± 1.2 ms; of second, 15.4 ± 14 ms; syllable period, 53.7 ± 1.3 s; SRR, 18.5 Hz; n = 10; T = 20 °C) and consisted of several isolated pulses (for details, see Hemp et al. 2013). Polysyllabic echemes (Fig. 5) were registered from all individuals. They contained 9–21 syllables, with syllable periods of 37.5 ± 7.6 ms (SRR, 27 Hz; n = 4 males with 10 measurements each; range, 26–54 ms). Each syllable consisted of one pulse. Intervals between the polysyllabic echemes varied from 5 to 15 s. These echemes were typically produced in series of quite a variable duration, ranging from 15 s up to 5 min.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F773B37FF5918CBDBE6FAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
03D63C4C2F773B37FF591F30DD14FA9E.text	03D63C4C2F773B37FF591F30DD14FA9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurycorypha varia Brunner von Wattenwyl 1891	<div><p>Eurycorypha varia (Figs. 3, 4b, 6, and 12)</p> <p>The acoustic communication of E. varia was described by Hemp et al. (2013) from the songs of one couple. The new data presented here confirm the pattern. One male song unit (Fig. 4b) contains combinations of a soft and a loud part, which are called echemes, because they are most likely produced by two stridulatory movements (= two syllables; see Hemp et al. 2013, Figs. 4 and 5). Several (6.4 ± 1.5; range, 5–13; n = 5 males with 10 measurements each) of these echemes followed each other in rapid succession (echeme period, 554 ± 50 ms; second last syllable duration, 220 ± 33 ms), the first ones being shorter and softer than the last ones. At the beginning of such a sequence, the louder syllables were regularly followed by some loud and isolated impulses. The position of these isolated impulses was very similar to that of a female response. The male produced often several (rarely up to 18) of these song units at intervals of about 10 s, these calling bouts separated by many minutes of silence.</p> <p>The females responded after the end of the second (loud and last) syllable of a male echeme (Fig. 6). These responses often contained several loud and many soft impulses. Measuring from the end of the male syllable to the loudest female impulse, the mean of the female latency varied between 3 and 70 ms (3 females). The extremely short times resulted from the fact that in some females the response occurred occasionally before the end of the male syllable, producing negative delays. For example, the female from the Nguru Mountains answered to two different males with latencies of 3 ± 47 ms (n = 15; range, − 90 to 60 ms) and 8 ± 29 ms (n = 15; range, − 54 to 50 ms). Obviously, the end of the male syllable is not the correct trigger point, but due to the variability of the female and the varying soft parts of the male signal, no clear trigger point could be identified. Assuming the loudest point of the male syllable as trigger did not improve the results. Interestingly, sometimes female responses were recorded very late, at a time interval of about the duration of one echeme, after the male song had ended (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Surprisingly, one male regularly produced another type of song in addition, here called rivalry song. Placing two males and one female together and recording them for 2 h (two 2- channel recordings in two nights, recordings A and B), one male always produced the typical calling song and the female responded (recording A). The other male started also with the typical song, but after a few minutes switched to rivalry song. It produced it after echemes of the leading male’ s song or after responses of the female (recording B; Fig. 12; the song of the leading male can only be seen in the sonogram). If there was a female response, the rivalry song started after its beginning (92 ± 10 ms; n = 10) and consisted of series of 11.7 ± 5.4 loud impulses (range, 8–21) with a repetition rate of 28 Hz (period, 36.3 ± 2.5 ms). Between the loud impulses, regularly some soft ones were recognizable.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63C4C2F773B37FF591F30DD14FA9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard;Hemp, Claudia	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia (2020): Hyperdiverse songs, duetting, and the roles of intra- and intersexual selection in the acoustic communication of the genus Eurycorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4): 597-617, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00452-1
