taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D60E29FFECAA76FC88FD5C03A6F9F3.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Mandena, Fort-Dauphin, 1. V. 1955, st., Service Forestier 13163 (holo-: P [P 00853162]!; iso-: BO, P [P 00540966], TEF [TEF 000298]).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFECAA76FC88FD5C03A6F9F3.taxon	discussion	Observations. – The type (the only collection known when the species was described) is sterile. Four recent collections have broadened our knowledge of this species. Dumetz 696 (st.) is also from Mandena, at an altitude of 10 m. Rajoharison & al. 222 is from Antsotso, and occurs in “ forêt sur sable ”. Its fruits are round, smooth, ca 1.3 × 1.3 cm, with the tepals persisting on top of the fruits, and its infructescences are short, up to 3 cm long. Ramison & Rabehevitra 557 is from Sainte Luce in “ forêt littorale ”. The inflorescences are short, ca 2 cm long, clustered distally on the twigs and resemble a terminal inflorescence. The young growth is densely ferruginous pubescent although the indument wears off quickly. Leaves of this species are to 10 cm long, with an obtuse to rounded base and a rounded or emarginated apex. Lateral veins are immersed on the upper leaf surface and immersed or weakly raised on the lower surface. The fruits are ruminate. Cryptocarya oblonga, a small tree to 10 m tall, is restricted to asmall area of coastal forest on sand Nof Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFECAA76FC88FD5C03A6F9F3.taxon	materials_examined	Recent collections seen. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Mandena, 24 º 57 ’ S 47 º 00 ’ E, 0 - 10 m, 17. IV. 1989, st., Dumetz 696 (MO); Ampasy, 24 º 57 ’ 25 ’’ S 47 º 00 ’ 04 ’’ E, 0 - 10 m, 30. IX. 2000, st., Rabenantoandro & al. 296 (MO); Iabakoho, Antsotso, 24 º 35 ’ S 47 º 12 ’ E, 27. V. 2007, fr., Rajoharison & al. 222 (MO); Mahatalaky, Sainte Luce, 24 º 47 ’ S 47 º 11 ’ E, 2. II. 2008, fl., Ramison & Rabehevitra 557 (MO).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA77FFA4FED20486F89F.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Manakambahiny Est, Ambatodrazaka, Zahamena, 28. II. 1950, fl., Réserves Naturelles 1936 (holo-: P [P 00540957]; iso-: P [P 00540955, P 00540956, P 00853160]!, TEF [TEF 000291]).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA77FFA4FED20486F89F.taxon	discussion	Observations. – The type of Ravensara polyneura is only in bud. Kostermans cited four additional collections, with flowers or fruits, but did not include those in his description. This species has long and narrow, coriaceous leaves, at least three times as long as wide, dark green when dry and with an obtuse to rounded base. Mature leaves are glabrous and the midrib and lateral veins are raised on the lower surface. The inflorescences are short, to 3 cm, densely dark brown pubescent with nearly sessile flowers arranged in dense clusters. The young growth has a similar dark brown pubescence as the flowers and inflorescence, but the twigs become soon glabrous. The fruits are ruminate. Recent collections all come from the area between Moramanga and the Zahamena reserve at altitudes between 900 and 1160 m.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA77FFA4FED20486F89F.taxon	diagnosis	This species has been confused with Cryptocarya pervillei Baill., another species with long and narrow leaves. It differs in having a light brown to golden brown indument (not dark brown), less coriaceous leaves with a more persistent indument. I had previously identified Rakotomalaza 1334 and Andriatsiferana & al. 2109 as C. myristicoides Baker, but that species has stiffly chartaceous (not coriaceous) leaves with immersed veins, and longer, less condensed inflorescences. The collection Antilahimena 5915 was previously identified as C. acuminata Merr. (an error for Ravensara acuminata (Meisn.) Baill. = Cryptocarya litoralis van der Werff), acoastal species also with less coriaceous leaves, brown pubescence (not dark brown) and often conduplicate (rather than flat) leaves. Duplicates may have been distributed under these identifications.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA77FFA4FED20486F89F.taxon	materials_examined	Recent collections seen. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Phelps Dodge project site, 15 km NE of Moramanga, 18 º 51 ’ 02 ’’ S 48 º 18 ’ 24 ’’ E, 950 m, 13. II. 1997, fl., Andriatsiferana & al. 2109 (MO); Moramanga, Andasibe, Ambatovy forest, 18 º 48 ’ 29 ’’ S 48 º 18 ’ 50 ’’ E, 1060 m, fr., Antilahimena & al. 3004 (MO); Moramanga, Andasibe, Menalamba, 18 º 51 ’ 06 ’’ S 48 º 18 ’ 39 ’’ E, 1119 m, 18. XII. 2005, fr., Antilahimena & Edmond 4457 (MO); Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ambatovy / Andranovery forest, 18 º 52 ’ 04 ’’ S 48 º 18 ’ 15 ’’ E, 1031 m, 24. X. 2007, fr., Antilahimena & Marcellin 5915 (MO); Moramanga, Andasibe: Forêt d’Analamay, 18 º 50 ’ 51 ’’ S 48 º 19 ’ 29 ’’ E, 990 m, 8. VI. 2007, fr., Bernard 559 (MO); Route Analamay, 18 º 49 ’ 47 ’’ S 48 º 18 ’ 48 ’’ E, 1160 m, 16. V. 1997, y. fr., Rakotomalaza & al. 1334 (MO). Réserve forestiÈre Sandrangato, Moramanga, 30. X. 1964, fr., Service Forestier 21904 (MO); Périnet, Analamazaotra, Moramanga, 28. IX. 1966, fr., Service Forestier 26105 (MO).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Roussettes, Diégo Suarez, s. d., fl., Ursch 187 (holo-: P [P 00540982]; iso-: BO, P [P 00853166]!).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: J. B. 19, Roussettes, Diégo Suarez, 11. XI. 1954, fl., Service Forestier 11014 (holo-: P [P 00853165]!; iso-: P [P 00540987]).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Cryptocarya ambrensis is an inconspicuous species with small (to 7 × 3 cm), chartaceous, e lliptic, glabrous leaves. Terminal buds and inflorescences are minutely brown puberulous; twigs are glabrous except for the very tips. Inflorescences are laxly flowered and up to 5 cm long; fruits are ruminate. Numerous small gland dots are visible on the lower leaf surface, but there is some variation in leaf shape from distinctly acute apices to blunt apices. I have not seen the two paratypes of Ravensara acutifolia cited by KOSTERMANS (1958) which were collected in “ Tianarantsoa ”, believed to be an error for Fianarantsoa, in southcentral Madagascar. The type and all recent collections are from the Montagne d’Ambre in the far north of Madagascar, between 840 and 1240 m elevation. The collection Gautier & Chatelain 4973, collected near Daraina 85 km SE of Montagne d’Ambre resembles Cryptocarya ambrensis vegetatively; however, it lacks the gland dots on the lower leaf surface and the fruit is not ruminate; it represents an unknown Cryptocarya species.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	materials_examined	Recent collections seen. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Montagne d’Ambre, 1. X. 2005, buds, Acevedo-Rodriguez 14514 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre PN, Lac Maudit, 12 º 34 ’ S 49 º 09 ’ E, 1100 - 1250 m, 3 - 10. VI. 1993, fr., Andrianantoanina & Bezana 143 (MO); ibid. loc., Andrianantoanina & Bezana 166 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre, prÈs d’Antsalaka, 12 º 27 ’ S 49 º 13 ’ E, 250 - 500 m, 19 - 26. VII. 1993, fr., Andrianantoanina & al. 229 (MO); Parc National de Montagne d’Ambre au Grand Lac, 12 º 35 ’ S 49 º 09 ’ E, 1475 m, 9 - 17. IX. 1993, fr., Andrianantoanina 327 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre, à la Station des Roussettes vers la piste d’Ankorefo, 12 º 31 ’ 30 ” S 49 º 10 ’ 17 ” E, 800 - 1000 m, 26. IX. 1995, Andrianantoanina & Bezara 872 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre National Park, at Cul de Sac, 12 º 31 ’ 36 ” S 49 º 10 ’ 20 ” E, 840 m, fr., Harder & al. 1642 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre, partie centrale, 12 º 34 ’ S 49 º 10 ’ E, 1249 m, 11. XI. 2007, buds, Ranirison & al. 1167 (MO); Montagne d’Ambre, partie nord, 12 º 28 ’ S 49 º 10 ’ E, 1015 m, 30. V. 2008, fr., Trigui & al. 460 (MO).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	discussion	Three other Cryptocarya species have been reported from the North of Madagascar, including two others from Montagne d’Ambre. Cryptocarya septentrionalis van der Werff (type Ursch 96, prope Diego Suarez) differs from C. ambrensis by its lanceolate leaves; the eight recent collections are from lowlands up to 320 m. Cryptocarya ocoteifolia Kosterm. is based on a type collected in the forêt d’Ambre (Service Forestier 7208) which consists of a leafy twig and a detached fruit. KOSTERMANS (1957) also cited four sterile paratypes. However, KOSTERMANS (1962) noted that Capuron had pointed out that the type collection was a mixture, consisting of Cryptocarya fruits and leafy Ocotea twigs. Because neither detached Cryptocarya fruits nor sterile Ocotea twigs can be identified with any confidence, I consider Cryptocarya ocoteifolia an incompletely known species.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEDAA74FCFFFED207ADFC1D.taxon	diagnosis	Cryptocarya rotundifolia Kosterm. is only known from the type collected in the Forêt d’Ambre near Antsiranana (Service Forestier 7192). The specimen consists of leafy twigs and detached fruits; the leaves are large, broad (to 14 × 8 cm) and chartaceous. The fruits are old and the fleshy outer layer has disappeared. The fruits are not ruminate. The large, rather thin leaves are unlike any other collection of Cryptocarya from the north of Madagascar. It is possible that the type is also a mixed collection. More and better collections are needed to establish C. rotundifolia as a good species.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FFB5FC060378FD74.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Forêts montagneuses de l’Est, fl., Louvel 229 (holo-: P [P 00853161]!).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FFB5FC060378FD74.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Cryptocarya rigidifolia is very similar to C. retusa (Nees) van der Werff, but the type (Du Petit Thouars s. n.: holo-: B; iso-: P [P 00540954]) of the latter lacks flowers, and the slight vegetative differences have made it difficult to decide whether or not they represent separate species, the type also lacks any indication of the collection locality. Examination of recent flowering collections that could be referred to one or other of these species has shown that lowland (5 - 20 m altitude) specimens have dorsally pubescent anthers and weakly raised secondary veins, while collections from higher altitude (950 - 1440 m) have glabrous anthers (although the filaments are pubescent) and more stronglyraisedsecondary veins. Leaves of the type of C. retusa agree with the leaves of the lowland specimens, while the type of C. rigidifolia agrees with the specimens from higher altitude in leaf and flower characters. Therefore I accept C. retusa as a lowland species characterized by its pubescent anthers and weakly raised lateral veins and C. rigidifolia as an interior species from higher elevations with glabrous anthers and more pronounced raised lateral veins. Fruits of C. rigidifolia are ruminate. Ravensara coriacea Kosterm. is also very similar to Cryptocarya rigidifolia and C. retusa. The type specimen (Service Forestier 12356) is from Menagisy-Brickaville and has young inflorescences. As long asflowers are unknown, it is difficult to determine if Ravensara coriacea is a synonym of Cryptocarya rigidifolia or C. retusa or a distinct species. Both C. rigidifolia and C. retusa have priority over Ravensara coriacea.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FFB5FC060378FD74.taxon	materials_examined	Recent collections seen. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: Antananarivo, Ankozobe, Ankafobe, 18 º 07 ’ 14 ” S 47 º 11 ’ 30 ” E, 1442 m, 24. II. 2005, fr., Lehavana & al. 286 (MO); 7 km E of Anjozorobe, 18 º 22 ’ S 48 º 00 ’ E, 1300 m, 12. V. 1987, fr., Schatz & al. 1388 (MO). Prov. Toamasina: Phelps Dodge project site, 15 km NE of Moramanga, 18 º 51 ’ 02 ” S 48 º 18 ’ 24 ” E, 950 m, 13. II. 1997, st., Andriatsiferana & al. 2088 (MO), Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Ambohibary, Ambatovy, 18 º 50 ’ 48 ” S 48 º 17 ’ 51 ”, 1050 m, 3. V. 2007, fr., Antilahimena & al. 5516 (MO); Toamasina, 2 to 4 km E of Perinet, 1000 m, 24. IV. 1974, fr., Gentry 11251 A (MO); Antetezampandrana, pk 27 - 28, route Moramanga-Anosibe, s. d., fl., Service Forestier 26842 (MO).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FC88FCEB03CFFAF5.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Analamazaotra, 18. I. 1950, fl., Service Forestier 1476 (holo-: P [P 0085 3164]!).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FC88FCEB03CFFAF5.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Analamazaotra, 20. VI. 1919, buds, Thouvenot 98 (holo-: P [P 00540973]; iso-: P [P 00853163]!, P [P 00540974]), syn. nov.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA74FC88FCEB03CFFAF5.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Although C. spathulata is a later heterotypic synonym of Ravensara laevis, it is the earliest available name in Cryptocarya and should be used for this species. The types of both names came from the same locality and both were in flower. Because the sole difference between Cryptocarya and Ravensara is a fruit character, this example illustrates the difficulty of assigning flowering specimens to either Cryptocarya or Ravensara, when these genera were considered distinct.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA75FC8FFA5007E6FB9D.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Mahajunga: Ambongo, rives de la Mahavavy, VIII. 1904, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 1789 (holo-: P [P 00540958] image seen; iso-: P [P 00853 160]!, P [P 00540959]).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA75FC8FFA5007E6FB9D.taxon	discussion	Observations. – This species is widespread in the western parts of Madagascar and can be recognized by its glabrous, chartaceous, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate leaves with inconspicuous venation (secondary veins poorly visible). The inflorescences and flowers are minutely brown puberulous. The fruits are ruminate. DUBARD & DOP (1907) recognized the difficulty of assigning this species to either Cryptocarya or Ravensara because the type was in flower. They went ahead with the description because “ Dans tous les cas, l’espèce est nouvelle, quel que soit le genre auquel elle appartient ”. Dubard & Dop cited as type collection Perrier de la Bâthie 1 and as type locality “ RiviÈre Mahoudedy supérieure ”, while KOSTERMANS (1939) cited Perrier de la Bâthie 1789 and gave as type locality “ Mahomavy ”. The scan of the holotype shows that the collection number 1789 has been scratched out and replaced with 1. The handwritten type locality seems to be “ Mahavavy ”, not “ Mahoudedy ” or “ Mahomavy ”, but the writing is not entirely clear.	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
03D60E29FFEEAA75FC8FFA5007E6FB9D.taxon	materials_examined	Recent collections seen. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Forêt d’Ampasindava, 7. VII. 1956, fl., Service Forestier 16517 (MO); Beravina, 18. VIII. 1955, fl., Service Forestier 15141 (MO); Beravina, 19. VIII. 1956, fl., Service Forestier 16355 (MO). Prov. Mahajanga: Melaky, Maintirano, au N de Belitsaky, le long de la riviÈre de Manomba, 17 º 52 ’ 23 ’’ S 44 º 28 ’ 52 ’’ E, 140 m, 25. X. 2009, fr., Andriamihajarivo & al. 1802 (MO). Prov. Toliara: Beroroha à 4 km avant Antsoa, 21 º 15 ’ 43 ’’ S 45 º 10 ’ 04 ’’ E, 461 m, 3. XII. 2010, fr., Andriantiana & al. 1004 (MO); Atsimo-Andrefana Region, Makay Massif, along the Menampandaha River, 21 º 11 ’ 57 ’’ S 45 º 20 ’ 15 ’’ E, 510 m, 23. XI. 2010, fr., Phillipson & al. 6201 (MO); Beroroha, Betorabato, 21 º 34 ’ 04 ’’ S 45 º 34 ’ 34 ’’ E, 296 m, 13. I. 2011, fr., Razakamalala 6001 (MO).	en	van der Werff, Henk (2013): Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 303-306, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a14
