taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C91071FF9C0A5CFF7FB53BE8B414C6.taxon	description	Previous host tree records: Fagus, Betula (Smith 1950, 1989). Clusia tigrina (Fallén 1820) 12 specimens: 2 males, 3 females, 7 empty puparia, all from Fagus. England: 7 empty puparia, Berkshire, Windsor Forest, 15. vii. 1999, ex fallen Fagus, PJC; France: 2 m, 3 f, Pyrenees-Orientales, Reserve Naturelle de la Massane, near Banyuls-sur-mer, 8. v. 2003, ex fallen Fagus, GER. Previous records: Fagus (Krivoscheina and Mamaev 1967, Chandler 1973); Clusiodes albimanus (Meigen, 1830) 69 specimens: 31 males, 38 females; host trees: Betula (37), Fagus (13), Fraxinus (13), Alnus (2), Populus (3), Salix (1). Scotland: 1 f, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, 21. iii. 1994, ex Fraxinus log, GER; 1 m, 1 f, Perthshire, Methan Woods,?. vi. 1994, ex Fagus stump, IM; 3 f, Clackmannanshire, nr Alva, Myretoun Wood, 26. ii. 1995, ex fallen Fraxinus, GER; 2 m, 2 f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 7. v. 1995, ex fallen Fagus, GER; 1 m, Midlothian, Arniston, 26. v. 1995, ex fallen Fagus, IM; 1 m, 2 f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 7. v. 1996, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 m, Ross and Cromarty, Glen Cannich, 18. v. 1996, ex Betula log, DH; 1 f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19. v. 1996, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 f, Perthshire, Balnagard, 20. iii. 1997, ex fallen Alnus, GER; 1 f, Ross and Cromarty, Braelangwel Wood, 18. v. 1997, ex fallen Betula, GER; 4 m, Ross and Cromarty, Rassal Ashwood NNR, 24. iv. 1997, ex fallen Fraxinus, GER; 1 f, Sutherland, The Mound, Loch Fleet, 25. iv. 1997, ex Alnus branch, GER; 1 m, 1 f, Ross and Cromarty, Loch Achility, 27. vi. 1998, ex Populus tremula L. branch, DH; 1 m, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 25. v. 1999, ex Fraxinus log, DH; 1 f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 25. v. 1999, ex Fagus log, DH; 1 f, Aberdeenshire, Linn of Dee, 31. v. 1999, ex fallen Betula, GER. 2 m, 4 f, Ross and Cromarty, Rassal Ashwood NNR, 26. v. 2008, ex Fraxinus branches, DH; 1 m, Ross and Cromarty, 28. v. 2008, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Perthshire, Dunkeld, Fungarth, 14. x. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH. England: 1 m, 7 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 30. iv. 1997, ex Betula log, GER; 3 m, 2 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. iv. 1998, ex Betula log, GER; 2 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 20 – 21. iv. 1998, ex fallen Fagus log, GER 3 m, 3 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23. iv. 1998, ex Betula log, GER; 2 m, 1 f, Buckinghamshire, Ashridge, 22. iv. 1998, ex Fagus log, GER; 1 m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23. iv. 1998, ex fallen Salix, GER; Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1 f, Jauhovaara, 17. v. 2004, ex Betula, DH; 1 m, Urpovaara NR, 30. v. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Ulvinsalon NR, 31. v. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 f, Honkavaara, 1. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 2 m, Puolanka, Baljakka NR, 4. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Valkeavaara, 3. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH. Previous records: Betula (Richards 1934); Fraxinus (Withers 1985). Clusiodes apicalis (Zetterstedt, 1848) 47 specimens: 19 males, 28 females, host trees: Betula (42), Alnus (4), Populus (1). Scotland: 1 f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 7. v. 1996, ex fallen Populus, GER; 1 m, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19. v. 1996, ex Betula branch, DH; 2 m, 5 f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19. v. 1996, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 f, Inverness-shire, Kincraig, Speybank, 19. v. 1996, ex fallen Betula, AEW; 6 m, 6 f, Perthshire, nr Balnagard, 20. iii. 1997, ex Betula branch, GER; 2 m, 2 f, Sutherland, The Mound, Loch Fleet, 25. vi. 1997, ex fallen Alnus, GER; 5 f, Ross and Cromarty, Braelangwel Wood, 18. v. 1997, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Perthshire, Fungarth, 1. iv. 1998, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 m, 2 f, Perthshire, Camghouran, Coille Mhor, 10. v. 1998, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Perthshire, nr Tummel Bridge, 10. v. 1998, ex fallen Betula, GER. Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1 m, 3 f, Jauhovaara, 64 ' 03 " N, 29 ' 10 " E, 17. v. 2004, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 f, Elimyssalo, 64 ' 15 " N, 30 ' 33 " E, 23. v. 2004, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 m, Ulvinsalon NR, 63 ' 97 " N, 30 ' 32 " E, 31. v. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 2 m, Honkavaara, 63 ' 89 " N, 29 ' 68 " E, 1. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch. Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 1 m, 1 f, west of Kostomukska, 64 ' 59 " N, 30 ' 32 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Luvajarvi, 64 ' 49 " N, 30 ' 70 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex Betula branch, DH. Previous records: Betula (Teskey 1976). Clusiodes caledonicus (Collin, 1912) 13 specimens: 8 males, 5 females all from Pinus. Scotland: 1 m, 2 f, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, Bognachruie, 3. v. 1994, ex wet detritus under bark of dead, standing Pinus, GER; 1 f, Ross and Cromarty, Shieldag, no date, ex fallen Pinus, IM; 4 m, 2 f, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, nr Forest Lodge, 12. vi. 1997, ex Pinus stump, GER; 3 m, Inverness-shire, Abernethy, nr Forest Lodge, 12. vi. 1997, ex Pinus stump, DH. Previous records: Populus tremula L. (Tuomikoski 1933) Clusiodes freyi Tuomikoski, 1933 20 specimens, 3 male, 17 females, Betula (19), Picea (1). Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 1 f, Jauhovaara, 64 ' 03 " N, 29 ' 10 " E, 17. v. 2004, ex Picea branch, DH; 1 m, 8 f, Elimyssalo, 64 ' 15 " N, 30 ' 33 " E, 23. v. 2004, ex fallen Betula, GER; 1 f, Elimyssalo, 2. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 f, Ulvinsalon NR, 63 ' 97 " N, 30 ' 32 " E, 21. v. 2004, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, 1 f, Issakka, 63 ' 88 " N, 30 ' 11 " E, 21. v. 2004, ex Picea, DH; 2 m, 3 f, Honkavaara, 63 ' 89 " N, 29 ' 68 " E, 1. vi. 2007, ex Betula, DH. Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 3 f, west of Kostomuksha, 64 ' 59 " N, 30 ' 32 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex Betula, DH; 1 f, Luvajarvi, 64 ' 49 " N, 30 ' 70 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex Betula, DH. Previous records: apparently not reared. Clusiodes geomyzinus (Fallén, 1823) 14 specimens: 9 males, 5 females, host trees: Picea (11), Pinus (2),? Betula (1). Finland: 7 m, 4 f, Kainuu, Kuhmo, Ulvinsalon Rasivaara, 63 ' 97 " N, 30 ' 32 " E, 21. v. 2004, ex Picea snag, GER; Russia: Karelia, Kostomuksha: 1 f, Lake Korpangi, 64 ' 75 " N, 30 ' 76 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex? Betula, SH; 2 m, Luvajarvi, 64 ' 49 " N, 30 ' 70 " E, 18. v. 2004, ex Pinus branch, DH. Previous records: apparently not reared, but adults associated with Pinus (Tuomikoski 1933, Stubbs 1982), Betula and P. t re m u l a (Tuomikoski 1933). Clusiodes gentilis (Collin, 1912) 49 specimens: 24 males, 25 females, host trees: Betula (38), Pinus (6), Fagus (2), Salix (1), Ulmus (1). Scotland: 3 m, 3 f, Perthshire, Fungarth, 26. ii. 1997, ex fallen Pinus, GER; 1 f, Midlothian, Roslin Glen, 8. iii. 1997, ex Fagus branch, DH; 1 m, Inverness-shire, Grantown, Kylintra wood, 4. vi. 2001, ex Pinus branch, DH; 1 m, East Lothian, Pease Bay, 27. i. 2008, ex Ulmus branch, DH. England: 19 m, 18 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 19 – 22. vi. 1998, ex Betula, GER; 2 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. vi. 1998, ex Fagus branch, GER; 1 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. vi. 1998, ex Salix branch, GER. Previous records: Betula, Salix (Withers 1985). Clusiodes microcerus Stackelberg, 1955 9 specimens: 3 males, 6 females, all from Betula. Finland: Kainuu, Kuhmo: 3 m (reared, but no puparia), 4 f (with puparia), Jauhovaara, 64 ' 03 " N, 29 ' 10 " E, 17. v. 2004, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 f, Ulvinsalon NR, 21. v. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 f, Honkavaara, 1. vi. 2007, ex Betula branch, DH. Previous records: apparently not reared. Clusiodes ruficollis (Meigen, 1830) 18 specimens: 9 males, 9 females, host trees: Fagus (5), Betula (3), Fraxinus (2), unknown (8). Scotland: 5 m, 3 f, Fife, St. Andrews, 12. x. 1945, ex dead wood, tree species not recorded, DJ; 2 f, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, 21. iii. 1994, ex Fraxinus, DH; 1 m, 3 f, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 7. v. 1995, ex fallen Fagus, GER; 1 m, Inverness-shire, Aviemore, Craigellachie, 12. iv. 1997, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Hermitage of Braid, 4. v. 1998, ex Fagus branch, DH; 1 f, Perthshire, Struan, 9. v. 1998, ex fallen Betula, GER; England: 1 m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. iv. 1998, ex Betula branch, GER. Previous records: Alnus, Betula (Tuomikoski 1933); P. t re m u l a (Greve and Midtgaard 1986); Carpinus (Withers 1985); Betula, Fagus (Rohácek 1995) Clusiodes verticalis (Collin, 1912) 7 specimens: 3 males, 4 females, host trees: Betula (2), Alnus (1), Fagus (1), Fraxinus (1), Pinus (1), Salix (1). Scotland: 1 m, Midlothian, Crichton Glen, vi. 1995, ex Fraxinus branch, GER; 1 f, Inverness-shire, Glen Cannich, 18. v. 1996, ex Betula branch, DH; 1 m, Midlothian, Hermitage of Braid, 9. vi. 1996, ex Pinus branch, DH; 1 f, Perthshire, Balnagard, 20. iii. 1997, ex fallen Alnus, GER; England: 1 m, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. vi. 1998, ex Betula branch, GER; 1 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 21. vi. 1998, ex Fagus branch, GER; 1 f, Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 23. vi. 1998, ex Salix branch, GER. Previous records: ' old grass heap' (Smith 1989); Betula (Withers 1985).	en	Horsfield, David (2013): Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe. Zootaxa 3619 (4): 401-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3619.4.1
03C91071FF920A54FF7FB332EA9417C7.taxon	description	Clusiodes. Third stage larva: length 6 – 8 mm; maximum width 0.8 mm; maximum height 1 mm; puparium: length 3.5 – 5 mm, pupal spiracles may or may not be present, if present often expanded imperfectly; anterior spiracles with 3 – 10 respiratory bulbs (Figs 10 – 18); antero-dorsal margins of metathorax (Fig 1) and abdominal segments 1 – 2 with a narrow band of smooth ridges lacking spicules (Fig 19), extending transversely and ending before the lateral margins; locomotory organs on the anterior margin of the metathorax and abdominal segments 1 – 7 widest medially, tapering laterally with variable-sized spicules: anterior band with rows of ridges bearing small spicules; next, a narrow band of ridges with large spicules followed by a wider band of smooth, non-spiculate ridges (Fig 21); margins of the anal plate with few spiculate ridges (Fig 57); middle region of the anal segment lacking complete circumventing flanges, usually several, incomplete and small folds or wrinkles present or wrinkles more or less absent; apices of hooks associated with posterior spiracles orientated dorsally (Fig 23); posterior spiracular plates pale in the larva and puparium, not elevated and interspiracular setae with up to 5 terminal branches (often broken or missing) (Fig 23).	en	Horsfield, David (2013): Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe. Zootaxa 3619 (4): 401-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3619.4.1
