taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C987F6FFD7FFA4BD885DA0FA2C7210.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Austrosciara termitophila Schmitz & Mjöberg (1924) [Schmitz & Mjöberg (1924): 1 – 3, fig. 1]. Common synonym: Ctenosciara Tuomikoski, 1960. Literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 110; Mohrig et al. (1992): 20 – 21; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 14 – 26; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 293 – 299; Vilkamaa et al. (2012 a): 37 – 51; Mohrig (2013): 123 – 136 (all as Ctenosciara); Mohrig et al. (2017 b): 357 – 366.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD7FFA3BD885CB6FD5C76FC.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 A – D)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD7FFA3BD885CB6FD5C76FC.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype male, November 1953, O‘ahu, Mt. Tantalus, ex rotten wood, BPBM No. 2491, leg. D. E. Hardy (labelled “ Sciara (Leptosciara) aliena Hardy ”). Conservation status: Embedded in Canada balsam. Body and head separated, most details in good condition, hypopygium somewhat swollen and inclined. Further material: 1 male (4000 ft.), 1 female (6700 ft.), 30. viii. 1971, Hawai‘i Islands, Mauna Loa East Slope, pitfall trap, leg. J. Jacobi; 1 male, 5. xi. 1968, O‘ahu, Wai‘anae [as “ Waiange ”] Range, 1 st gully W of Peacock Flat, 1500 ft., reared ex rotting logs, leg. W. Gagné (PWMP). The specimens are identical to the holotype and fit Hardy’s description and figures. Conservation status: Embedded in Euparal. Body and head separated. All details in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD7FFA3BD885CB6FD5C76FC.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by rather long flagellomeres (l / w index of 2.4), a long palpus, lack of macrotrichia on CuA 2, a broad tibial comb, toothless claws, slender gonostylus with a short apical tooth and 3 equal spines at the base of the tooth, a small and rounded tegmen, and a long aedeagus. The slide of Sciara aliena Hardy is the holotype for Austrosciara hawaiiensis (Hardy). It seems that Hardy initially decided on the name aliena but subsequently published the name hawaiiensis, and neglected to change the label on the slide. The slide (No. 2491) corresponds to the same in the description on page 80 of Hardy (1956) and in the catalog by Steffan (1976).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD7FFA3BD885CB6FD5C76FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Common on all Hawaiian Islands.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885841FD77729F.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 A – D) Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973 [Steffan (1973 a): 353 – 355, fig. 1 a – f]. Selected literature: Hardy (1960): 227 – 228, fig. 75 c – e [as Sciara (Lycoriella) radicum Brunetti, misinterpretation]; Steffan (1969): 719 – 722, fig. 20 a – g [as Bradysia radicum (Brunetti), misinterpretation]; Menzel & Smith (2009): 24 – 26, figs 4 – 6; Köhler & Menzel (2013): 68; Mohrig (2016): 12 – 13, fig 12 a – c (as Bradysia mutuata); Mohrig et al. (2018): 212 – 213, fig 7 A – C (as Bradysia centidens).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885841FD77729F.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu I., HW 162, F 9, leg. unknown (BPBM No. 9943). 3 males, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kailua, 11. xi. 1968, blacklight, leg. W. A. Steffan (1 in PWMP). Conservation status: Embedded in Euparal. Body and head separated, all details in good condition. = Bradysia centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012, syn. n.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885841FD77729F.taxon	description	Bradysia centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 [Vilkamaa et al. (2012 c): 28, fig. 2 A – D]. = Bradysia mutuata Mohrig, 2016 (syn. to B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012). Literature: Mohrig et al. (2018): 212 - 213, fig. 7 A – C.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885841FD77729F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Two specimens from the Hawaiian Islands, O‘ahu, Kailua, 6. xi. 1968, 157, blacklight, leg. W. A. Steffan and one specimen from O‘ahu, Kailua, 2. xi. 1968, HW 162, F 9, leg. W. A. Steffan, were misinterpreted by Steffan as B. radicum. The illustration of the hypopygium of B. radicum (Figure 20) in Steffan (1969) is very similar to the illustration of B. bishopi Steffan (Figure 1 d) in Steffan (1973 a) and Figure 4 in Menzel & Smith (2009). The species is characterized by 2 dorsally inserted spines distinctly separated from the 4 – 5 apical spines of the gonostylus. A comparison with the paratype of Bradysia centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 from New Caledonia showed that B. bishopi, B. centidens and B. mutuata are conspecific. The slide labelled holotype bears the number BPBM 9943 which differs from the number listed in Steffan’s original description and in his types catalog (BPBM 9942) (Steffan 1973 a, Steffan 1976). Steffan (1973 a) reported that the types were generation F 9, reared from a single female captured on the 11. xi. 1968. The distribution of B. bishopi was reported by Menzel & Smith (2009) and Köhler & Menzel (2013) to include French Polynesia (Tahiti, Marquesas Islands), American Samoa (Tutuila), Samoa (Upolu, Savaii), and Fiji (Vanua Levu); however these were based on erroneous records by Edwards (see comments for B. radicum). The presence of B. bishopi on these islands requires confirmation.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885841FD77729F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in the Southern Hemisphere. Hawai‘i; Australia; New Caledonia; Thailand (Bangkok); Seychelles Islands; Galápagos Islands.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFA2BD885999FC19767B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Bradysia angustipennis Winnertz, 1867 [Winnertz (1867): 180 – 181, plate, fig. 6 a]. Literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 116 – 149; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 98 – 185.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFAFBD885F23FC9C7637.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 A – C)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFAFBD885F23FC9C7637.taxon	description	= Bradysia aspercera Mohrig, 2016 syn. n. Bradysia aspercera Mohrig, 2016 [Mohrig (2016): 5, fig. 2 a – d].	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFAFBD885F23FC9C7637.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: 1 female, “ homotype ”, vii. 1952, Pu‘u Kolekole Moloka‘i, leg. M. Tamashiro (BPBM); 1 female, “ homotype ”, vii. 1952, Pu‘u Kolekole Moloka‘i, “ ♀ head on slide ”, leg. M. Tamashiro (UHIM 2016.14958) (UHIM); 1 male, “ homotype ”, vi. 1952, Pu‘u Kolekole Moloka‘i, “ ♂ genitalia on slide ” [this genitalia slide is missing], leg. M. Tamashiro (UHIM 2016.14959) (UHIM); 2 males, 1 female, vii. 1953, Pu‘u Kolekole Moloka‘i, leg. D. E. Hardy; 2 females, “ homotypes ”, vii. 1952, Manawainui, Valley, Moloka‘i, leg. D. E. Hardy (UHIM 2016.14956 / 14957) (UHIM); 1 male, 1 female, x. 1952, Hawai‘i, Keanakolu 5200 ft., leg. D. E. Hardy; 2 males, 2 females, ii. 1954, O‘ahu, Barbers Point, leg. D. E. Hardy (1 male, 1 female in PWMP); 2 males, 2 females, ii. 1954, Honolulu, U. H. Campus, on windows, leg. D. E. Hardy; 3 males, 20. iii. 1962, O‘ahu, Leeward, at light, leg. D. Wilton. Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head, palpus, antennae and wings mostly separated, morphological structures in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFAFBD885F23FC9C7637.taxon	discussion	Comments. Sciara molokaiensis Grimshaw (1901) was inadequately described on the basis of a single female collected by R. C. L. Perkins in the Moloka‘i Mountains in September 1893. The female holotype, which we have not studied, is deposited in the BMNH. The re-identification of B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw) is discussed by Steffan (1973 a: 355). We follow the opinion of Hardy and Steffan that Bradysia molokaiensis (Grimshaw) sensu Hardy belongs to the genus Bradysia near to B. scabricornis Tuomikoski, 1960. It is characterized by rough flagellomeres with the scape, pedicel and the first flagellomere pale yellowish; hypopygium short haired and with a closed base, an elongate slender gonostylus with 4 (sometimes 5) apical spines, a somewhat wider than long tegmen with a large area of fine teeth, a rather long aedeagus and distinctly toothed claws. The Hawaiian specimens were compared with the holotype of Bradysia aspercera Mohrig, 2016 from Papua New Guinea and they are identical. The specimens of B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw) from Hawai‘i are also conspecific with Bradysia crassicornis (Skuse, 1890), described from New South Wales, Australia, therefore B. aspercera Mohrig and B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw, 1901) are junior synonyms of it.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD1FFAFBD885F23FC9C7637.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia; Hawai‘i; Papua New Guinea.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD88589AFDB575B8.taxon	description	Selected literature: Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 146 – 147, figs 129 – 131 (as Bradysia agrestis); Mohrig et al. (2013): 162 – 163; Broadley et al. (2018): 205 – 209, figs 1 A – E, 2 A – C. Not studied. Reported from the Hawaiian Islands by Shaw (1952): 493 – 494, fig. 2 (as Sciara hardyi); Hardy (1960): 223 – 224, fig. 71 a – e (as Sciara (Lycoriella) hardyi); Steffan (1973 a): 355; Steffan (1974 a): 43 – 44.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD88589AFDB575B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDB57270.taxon	description	Selected literature: Shaw (1952): 494, fig. 3 (as Sciara (Lycoriella) garretti); Shaw (1952): 493, fig. 1 (as Sciara (Lycoriella) johannseni); Shaw (1952): 494 – 495 (as Sciara (Lycoriella) laffooni); Hardy (1960): 221 – 223, fig, 70 a – g (as Sciara (Lycoriella) garretti); Steffan (1969): 723, 725 – 727, fig. 22 a – i; Steffan (1973 a): 356; Steffan (1974 a): 45; Steffan (1974 b): 467 – 472, fig. 1 a – h (all as Bradysia tritici); Steffan (1974 b): 472 – 473, fig. 2 a – h (as Bradysia reynoldsi); Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 155 – 156; Mohrig et al. (2013): 166 – 168, fig. 16 a – c; Broadley et al. (2018): 210 – 213, fig. 3 A – E.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDB57270.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: 9 males, 31. xii. 2000, Maui, Kihei, house garden in suburban area, yellow trap, leg. W. Mohrig (PWMP).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDB57270.taxon	discussion	Comments. The nomenclature and the synonymy of the species was discussed by Menzel & Mohrig (2000).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDB57270.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Lectotype (here designated): Male. BMNH (E) # 249717, NHMUK 0 12812245. Mounted in Canada balsam August 2018. Body, two wings and hypopygium (Fig. 5) under separate coverslips on same slide. Slide bears original label data verbatim ‘ Ind. Mus. / Calcutta / 24. ii. 10 ’, ‘ Bred from rotten / bulb of Lily. / Museum garden’, ‘ Sc. radicum / ♂ ♀ ’, ‘ Revd. In Exch. / from Ind. Mus. / Nov. 1912 ’, ‘ Pres. by / E. Brunetti / B. M. 1927 - 184 ’. Paralectotypes. 3 males, same data. BMNH (E) # 249716, NHMUK 012812244 / BMNH (E) # 249718, NHMUK 012812246 / BMNH (E) 249719, NHMUK 012812247; 2 males, same data. BMNH (E) # 249720, NHMUK 0 12812248 & BMNH (E) # 249721, NHMUK 012812249; 2 males, BMNH (E) # 249714, NHMUK 0 12812250 & BMNH (E) # 249715, NHMUK 0 12812251, ‘ India: / Calcutta. / Bred. Lily bulbs / i-ii. 1910. / C. Paiva. ’, ‘ Sciara radicum Brun / Paratypes. ’, ‘ Bradysia / radicum / (Brunetti) / det. W. Steffan 1971 ’; 1 male, BMNH (E) # 249722, NHMUK 0 12812253, ‘ Calcutta / 21. I. 10 ’, ‘ Swarming on / flower pots / containing / imported bulbs, / early morning’, ‘ Brunetti Coll. / B. M. 1927 - 184 ’, ‘ Sciara / radicum ♀ ’. Other material. 1 male, NHMUK 0 10398016, ‘ Bradysia / radicum / Head + ♂ genit. / of Spec. D. ’	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587.taxon	discussion	Comments. The confusion over the identity of “ Bradysia radicum (Brunetti) ” from the Pacific Islands started when Edwards (1928) misidentified specimens from Samoa as Sciara radicum Brunetti. Hardy (1960) compounded the error when he concluded that his specimens from O‘ahu and Samoa were S. radicum, and described S. spatitergum Hardy as new. It appears that Hardy did not examine the radicum syntypes in the British Museum; consequently he could not have known that his spatitergum and Brunetti’s radicum were actually conspecific. Steffan perpetuated the error by misinterpreting B. radicum in Steffan (1969) [see comments for B. bishopi]. Steffan later compared Edwards’ Samoan specimens with Brunetti’s radicum syntypes from Calcutta and discovered that Edwards’ Samoan records were misidentifications (Steffan 1972 b). Indeed, we have examined Edwards’ Samoan material held in the BMNH and there are two males, mounted on slides [Samoan Is., Tutuila, Pago Pago, 14. xii. 1925, leg. P. A. Buxton & G. H. Hopkins, mounted in Euparal 1971 (presumably by Steffan), “ Sciara radicum Brunetti ”, det. F. W. Edwards, NHMUK 012810482; Samoa, Savaii, Safune, V. 4 - 24, leg. E. H. Bryan, Jr, Brit. Mus. 1947 - 32, NHMUK 012812258], both of which belong to Pseudolycoriella. The remainder of the Edwards specimens from Samoa and Fiji are females which cannot be identified. The records of Sciara radicum by Edwards (Edwards 1928, 1935 a, 1935 b) from French Polynesia (Tahiti, Marquesas Islands), American Samoa (Tutuila), Samoa (Upolu, Savaii), and Fiji (Vanua Levu) should therefore be regarded as doubtful until the species is collected and positively identified from these localities. Steffan (1972 b) redescribed B. radicum (Brunetti) and provided a good hypopygium drawing based on the syntype material in the BMNH, which we have examined. Steffan stated “ the male terminalia are enlarged, the basimeres being large compared to the short distimeres. In this respect, B. radicum (Brunetti) is closely related to B. spatitergum (Hardy), from which it differs in the armature of the distimere and shape of tergum IX ” (Steffan 1972 b). In this respect Steffan was wrong, as his figures show as well as the descriptions of both species. It is likely that the differences that Steffan observed were due to the specimens being somewhat collapsed and distorted as they had been dried and mounted on pins. Bradysia radicum is unique in respect to the very large gonocoxites and the large IX tergite (the shape of which can differ from sub-oval to somewhat trapezoidal) with short and uniform hairs. It belongs to the B. hilaris group in a wide sense and is related to two species from Papua New Guinea (Mohrig 2013). The larvae are often connected with rotting lily bulbs. The best figure is given in Broadley et al. (2018): 234, fig. 14 A – C.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is common on all major Hawaiian Islands. It is widespread, with records from India, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Central and South America, the Galápagos Islands, Seychelles Islands and Papua New Guinea.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDEFFADBD885D43FB8E7091.taxon	description	(Figs 6 A – C, 7)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDEFFADBD885D43FB8E7091.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, ii 1953, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kuliouou Valley, 457 m, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2490). 2 males, 1 – 13. viii. 1997, O‘ahu, ‘ Ewa, urban area, Malaise trap, leg. Gonsalves (PWMP). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head, palpus, antennae and wings isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are in good condition, the hypopygium somewhat depressed.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDEFFADBD885D43FB8E7091.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by rather long flagellomeres, 3 segmented palpus with 1 bristle on the basal segment, a nearly comb-like row of bristles at the apex of fore tibia, rather long hairs on scutum, hypopygium with short hairs at the ventral base and the inner margin of the short gonocoxites, gonostylus nearly as large as the gonocoxites, with 3 short apical spines and a somewhat stronger spine in the apical third of the inner side. It belongs to the C. parvula species group sensu Menzel & Mohrig (2000) as postulated by Steffan (1973 a) and Menzel & Smith (2009). The hypopygium of the type species is depressed. The real proportions are shown by the specimen collected from ‘ Ewa (figure 7) and by figures 18 and 19 by Menzel & Smith (2009). The species is very widely distributed within the Southern Hemisphere from Hawaii via Micronesia up to the Seychelles Islands. It enters the Northern Hemisphere in the United Arab Emirates (Menzel & Smith 2009). Menzel & Smith (2009) synonymized Corynoptera praegladiota Mohrig, 2004 from Papua New Guinea with C. latistylata (Hardy). C. praegladiota is smaller, has short and broad wings, shorter flagellomeres, a lesser colour contrast between thorax and legs and a slender gonostylus with stronger winged dorsal sides. Both species are very similar to each other but not necessarily identical.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDEFFADBD885D43FB8E7091.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawai‘i; Micronesia; Seychelles Islands; United Arab Emirates.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDEFFADBD885A4AFE2E748B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Corynoptera perpusilla Winnertz, 1867: 177; [preocc., nec Corynoptera perpusilla (Walker, 1848); = Corynoptera fatigans (Johannsen, 1912)]. Selected Literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 42 – 73; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 44 – 87; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 205 – 260; Hippa et al. (2010): 1 – 197.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDFFFAABD885F58FC4C76C3.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 A – B)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDFFFAABD885F58FC4C76C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 27. x. 1952, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Pupukea, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2492). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head, antennae and wings isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are in good condition. = Corynoptera gladiota Mohrig, 2004, syn. n.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDFFFAABD885F58FC4C76C3.taxon	description	Corynoptera gladiota Mohrig, 2004 [Mohrig (2004): 162, fig. 29 a – c].	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDFFFAABD885F58FC4C76C3.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by rather long and rough flagellomeres, a 3 segmented palpus with 1 bristle on the basal segment, a nearly comb-like row of bristles at the apex of the fore tibia, rather long hairs on the scutum, the hypopygium with short sparse hairs at the ventral base and the inner margin of the short gonocoxites, gonostylus as long as the gonocoxites, with 3 short apical spines and a longer spine on a broad base somewhat below the middle of the inner side. It belongs to the genus Corynoptera within the C. parvula species group sensu Menzel & Mohrig (2000). It is conspecific with Corynoptera gladiota Mohrig from Papua New Guinea. The tibial organ is more strongly comb-like than in specimens from Papua New Guinea.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDFFFAABD885F58FC4C76C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Rather common on Hawaiian Islands; Papua New Guinea.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885B09FD9E75F5.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Plastosciara perniciosa Edwards, 1922 [Edwards (1922): 160 – 161 (original designation)]. Selected literature: Frey (1942): 24, 39.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	description	(Fig. 9 A – B)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	description	Selected literature: Steffan (1973 b): 1265 – 1266, fig. 1 – 2 (as Plastosciara perniciosa); Menzel & Smith (2009): 32 – 33, fig. 21 – 25; Menzel et al. (2013): 288, fig 6 – 7 (both as Cosmosciara perniciosa); Mohrig et al. (2013): 223 – 224, fig. 43 a – c (as Pnyxia hartii); Broadley et al. (2018): 213 – 214, figs 7 A – B, 8 A – C, 9 A – D.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	description	Literature: Hardy (1960): 217, fig. 68 a – d; Steffan (1969): 690 – 692, fig. 8 a – h (as Plastosciara latipons).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, iv. 1955, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, ‘ Ewa, light trap, leg. not known (BPBM, No. 2484). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head with palpus and antennae, wings and hypopygium isolated. All morphological structures rather strongly deformed.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 6. xii. 1952, Oahu, ex window, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM No. 2481). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head with palpus and antennae and hypopygium separated. All morphological structures are in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a 1 - segmented palpus with a small relict of the second segment, short flagellomeres, and a gonostylus with a short subapical tooth, covered with fine macrotrichia. Plastosciara latipons Hardy and Plastosciara (Cosmosciara) brevicalcarata Hardy are identical to Cr. hartii (Johannsen, 1912) and therefore junior synonyms of the latter species.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885E15FDDD7084.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Cratyna atra Winnertz, 1867: 176, fig. 7. Selected Literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 31 – 41 (as Plastosciara); Hippa et al. (1998): 1 – 86 (as Pseudozygoneura); Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 362 – 363 (as Cratyna); Mohrig (1999): 167 – 182; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 261 – 292; Mohrig (2004): 141 – 144; Vilkamaa & Hippa (2005): 457 – 480; Mohrig & Menzel (2014): 138 – 143; Shin et al. (2014): 344 – 354; Huang et al. (2015): 77 – 95 (as Pseudozygoneura).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885D19FB08711B.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 A – C)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885D19FB08711B.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 24. xi. 1952, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Hālawa Ridge, ex moss, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2482). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head, palpus, antennae and wings isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are rather well preserved.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885D19FB08711B.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a 1 - segmented palpus with a small rudimentary second segment, the basal segment not swollen, short oval and without a deepened sensory pit; antenna rather short, 4 th flagellomere with a l / w index of 1.2, hairs fine and somewhat shorter than the diameter of the basal node; legs slender, fore tibia without a distinct bristle patch; hypopygium with short and rather robust gonocoxites; gonocoxites with short and sparse hairs on the ventral inner side, gonostylus elongate, somewhat bulbous, apically with 2 fine and slightly curved spines and 2 fine subapical spines at the inner side. Hardy put the species into the genus Plastosciara, subgenus Cosmosciara. We agree with Hardy concerning the position in the genus Cratyna (= Plastosciara) because of a shortened palpus and two pairs of fine spines on the inner side of the gonostylus.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885999FD2974B3.taxon	description	(Fig. 10 A – D, 11 A – C)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885999FD2974B3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 4. ix. 1927, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Waikāne, ex dead Xanthoxylum, leg. E. H. Bryan (BPBM, No. 2483). Paratype: 1 male, 4. ix. 1927, Oahu, Waikāne, dead Xanthoxylum, “ genitalia figured ”, leg. E. H. Bryan (BPBM). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head with antennae, palpus, wings and hypopygium isolated. All morphological structures are more or less strongly deformed, especially the body with legs and the hypopygium. The embedding medium is turbid from water originating from the specimen.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885999FD2974B3.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a very short and swollen 3 - segmented palpus with a large basal segment and a distinct palpifer, head with an eye bridge of 2 - 3 rows of facets, antenna very short, flagellomeres short, nearly quadrate in shape; legs rather short, apex of the fore tibia with a small irregular patch of bristles and a short spur; gonocoxites short and robust, gonostylus short, pointed to the apex, with a short apical tooth and 3 equal spines near the base of the tooth. The species belongs to the subgenus Pictosciara Mohrig in terms of the shape of the gonostylus and the arrangement of the spines. It is very similar (maybe identical) to Cr. brevipalpis Steffan from Micronesia. The only apparent differences are the short and nearly quadratic flagellomeres of Cr. adrostylata Hardy, versus those of Cr. brevipalpis Steffan, which are distinctly longer than wide. All other details seem to be identical despite the deformed morphological structures. The body is bleached but it appears that both species have the gonostylus darker than the gonocoxites. This is typical for Cratyna (Pictosciara) vera Mohrig, 2004, as well.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885999FD2974B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFDBFFA8BD885FB1FC99702E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Epidapus venaticus Haliday, 1856 [Haliday in Walker (1856): 56]; monotypy [= Tipula atomaria De Geer, 1778]. Selected literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 96 – 100; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 29 – 36; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 299 – 339; Mohrig (2004): 150 – 159; Vilkamaa et al. (2014): 429 – 436.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC5FFB6BD885CD1FC167007.taxon	description	(Fig. 13 A – E) Afrosciara pallida Séguy [Séguy (1961): 415 – 417, figs 1 – 5]. Literature: Menzel & Heller (2007): 219 – 220; Menzel & Smith (2009): 37 – 38, figs 36 – 38.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC5FFB6BD885CD1FC167007.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. 8 males, 1 female, 1 – 13. viii. 1997, Hawaiian Islands, O‘ahu, ‘ Ewa, suburban area, Malaise trap, leg. Gonsalves (PWMP, 1 in PABM, 1 in BPBM).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC5FFB6BD885CD1FC167007.taxon	discussion	Comments. This very small species (0.7 mm) is characterized by the wings with a wedge-shaped base and a reduced anal area, an isolated base of CuA 1 and CuA 2, and the gonostylus pointed towards the apex, with 3 densely grouped apical spines. The female is fully winged, the eye bridge 1 – 2 facets wide with loosely arranged ommatidia.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC5FFB6BD885CD1FC167007.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Africa (Guinea); Seychelles; Hawai‘i (new record).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD885999FB017664.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Hyperlasion wasmanni Schmitz, 1918 [Schmitz (1918): 96 – 99, fig. 1]. Selected literature: Hardy (1960): 232; Rudzinski (1993): 446 – 448; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 343 – 348.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A.taxon	description	(Fig. 14 A – C)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 7. ii. 1953, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kuliouou Valley, 457 m, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2485). Paratypes: 1 male, ii. 1953, O‘ahu, Maunawili, leg D. E. Hardy; 1 female, Pu‘u Ali‘i, Moloka‘i, vii. 1953, 1 male / 1 female, 17. i. 1953, O‘ahu, Opae‘ula [as “ Opacula ”], leg. C. P. Hoyt; 3 males, 2. vi. 1953, Lāna‘ihale Lāna‘i [as “ Lana ”], 3200 ft., leg. D. E. Hardy; 1 female, 18. ii. 1920, O‘ahu, Lanihuli, leg. E. H. Bryan Jr.; 1 male, vii. 1953, Kahuku Ranch, 3000 ft. (leg. D. E. Hardy); 1 male, 17. i. 1953, O‘ahu, Pu‘u Pe‘ahinai‘a [as “ Peahina ”], leg. C. P. Hoyt; 1 male, iv. 1953, Maui, Pu‘u Kukui, leg. M. Tamashiro; 1 male, 4. x. 1929, Upper Hamakua, Ditch Trail, on Lula Palm, leg. R. R. Whitten (PWMP). Other material: 2 males, 10. ii. 1953, O‘ahu, Maunawili, on tree trunk, leg. D. E. Hardy. Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam. Head, palpus and antennae, wings and hypopygium isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures rather well preserved.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Hyperlasion wasmanni is characterized by a 1 - segmented palpus that is large and swollen, with a large sensory pit of variable shape at the front and a robust curved bristle on the upper border of the pit; rather long antennae; 4 th flagellomere with a l / w index of 2.0, with hairs longer than the basal node; indifferent bristles at the apex of the fore tibia, rather short gonocoxites, with short hairs at the base and the inner ventral margin; gonostylus nearly as long as the gonocoxites, apically rounded, without an apical tooth, with 5 – 7 short and fine hyaline spines in the distal half. Menzel et al. (2013) discussed the differences between H. viridiventris (Frey, 1945), H. wasmanni Schmitz (1918) and H. aliens Mohrig (2004). The main characters of H. viridiventris (Frey) are the swollen 1 - segmented palpus with a large sensory pit in front and a long and robust curved bristle on the upper margin, rather long flagellomeres and an elongate gonostylus without an apical tooth, but with few (5 – 7) fine hyaline spines (poorly visible even with a good microscope). The morphological differences with the European specimens of Hyperlasion wasmanni Schmitz are minimal. We think that viridiventris (Frey) and wasmanni Schmitz are conspecific. In this sense we agree with Hardy (1960): 232 that Tuomikoski also found (in correspondence) that the two species are conspecific. The species is common in open landscapes, and is perhaps connected with ants. The females are often monogenic and in a given period only females are found or a minimal percentage of a population are males.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawai‘i. Widespread and common in Europe.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD885F4FFDB47094.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Bradysia (Chaetosciara) paucisetulosa Frey, 1948 [Frey (1948): 57, 63, 82, plate 15, fig. 86; designated by Menzel & Heller (2005) (= Lycoriella sativae (Johannsen, 1912)]	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD885F4FFDB47094.taxon	description	Selected literature: Mohrig et al. (2013): 210 – 212; Broadley et al. (2018): 215 – 216, fig. 5 A – E. Not studied. Reported from the Hawaiian Islands by Steffan (1973 a): 357 – 358; Steffan (1974 a): 47 (both as L. mali). Distribution: Cosmopolitan.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC1FFB1BD885FADFDB57637.taxon	description	Broadley et al. (2018): 216 – 217, 220 – 222, 224, fig. 6 A – D.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC1FFB1BD885FADFDB57637.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Lycoriella solispina (Hardy), Holotype: Male, x. 1952, Hawai‘i, Ka‘ula Gulch, north slopes of Mauna Kea, 213 m, leg. D. E. Hardy (BPBM, No. 2489). Conservation status. Embedded in Canada balsam, Wings isolated and under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC1FFB1BD885FADFDB57637.taxon	discussion	Comments. Steffan (1973 a) assumed that the species is very closely related or conspecific with L. similans (Johannsen, 1925) [= sativae (Johannsen, 1912)], but did not synonymize the two species.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC1FFB1BD885FADFDB57637.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD885B70FE70726F.taxon	description	(Fig. 15 A – D) Phytosciara (Prosciara) vulcanata Steffan, 1973 [Steffan (1973 a): 358, fig. 2 a – h].	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD885B70FE70726F.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype, 10. - 17. vii. 1972, Hawai‘i Island, east slope Mauna Loa, 7000 ft., pitfall trap, leg. J. Jacobi (Bishop Museum 9942). Paratypes: 1 male, 15. vii. 1972, Hawai‘i I., Kazumura Lava Tube near Mt. View, 400 m, leg. F. Howarth; 1 male, 1. xii. 1968, Hawai‘i I., Kīpuka " 6 ", 19.7 miles W of Hilo, 5250 ft., sweeping, leg. W. Gagné (1 in PWMP). Further material: 1 male, 29. iv. 1972, Hawai‘i I., West Maui, Haiku Cabin, Pu‘u Kukui Trail, Malaise trap, leg. J. L. Gressitt (BPBM). Conservation status: Embedded in Euparal. Body and head separated, all details in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD885B70FE70726F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Steffan correctly assigned the species to the subgenus Prosciara. It looks like a typical species of Bradysia, only the base of the apical spines is pronounced and the claws strongly toothed, not common in the genus Bradysia. It is further characterized by the rough flagellomeres with short curved hairs and short dense hairs in the intergonocoxal space (there is not a true lobe). The slide labelled holotype bears the number BPBM 9942 which differs from the number listed in Steffan’s original description and in his type catalogue (BPBM 9943) (Steffan 1973 a; 1976).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD885B70FE70726F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawai‘i.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD88589AFE737559.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sciara halterata Lengersdorf, 1926 [Lengersdorf (1926): 250, fig. 12]. Literature: Tuomikoski (1960): 103 – 110; Hippa & Vilkamaa (1991): 113 – 155; Mohrig & Menzel (1994): 167 – 210; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 429 – 451.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFB1BD885C62FADA7153.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sciara bruckii Winnertz, 1867 [Winnertz (1867): 38 – 39]. Literature: Menzel & Mohrig (1998); Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 36 – 43; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 464 – 480; Rudzinski (2003): 97; Mohrig et al. (2004): 277 – 287; Vilkamaa et al. (2012 a): 1 – 21; Mohrig (2013): 136 – 167; Mohrig et al. (2013): 225 – 231; Köhler & Mohrig (2016): 101 – 106, as referred to in the references; Mohrig & Kauschke (2019): 261 – 283.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFBFBD885F7BFD29700C.taxon	description	(Fig. 16 A – D)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFBFBD885F7BFD29700C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Hawaiian Islands, O‘ahu, Mānoa, Honolulu, 21.304 N 157.823 W. Holotype: Male, 10 – 15. i. 2018, 70 masl, UV light trap, leg. CPDT Gillett (BPBM). Paratypes: 13 males, 9 females, same data as holotype (3 males, 1 female in PWMP, 2 males, 2 females in BPBM, 3 males, 3 females in UHIM, 3 males, 2 females in PABM, 2 males, 1 female in ANIC).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFBFBD885F7BFD29700C.taxon	description	Description. Male. Head: Ovoid, mouthparts short; eye bridge 3 - 4 facets wide; antenna short, dark brown; 4 th flagellomere with a l / w index of 1.5, with surface somewhat rough, hairs as long as the diameter of the basal node, necks whitish, somewhat bicoloured; palpus 3 - segmented; long, basal segment with 3 - 4 bristles and a patch of short sensillae. Thorax: Dark brown; scutum with long dorsocentral and lateral hairs; scutellum with 4 long posterior hairs; postpronotum bare. Wing brownish, with distinct veins; R 1 = 3 / 4 R; R 5 with dorsal macrotrichia; C somewhat longer than w; y = x, bare; posterior wing veins without macrotrichia. Haltere short, with darkened knobs; legs yellowish-brownish, femora of p 3 brown; fore tibia at the inner apex with a patch of bristles and a horseshoe-shaped border; spurs of middle and hind tibiae of the same size, brownish, as long as the diameter of the apex; claws strongly toothed. Abdomen: Hypopygium dark brown, the inner ventral margin of gonocoxites with short hairs; gonostylus robust, somewhat club-shaped, broadly rounded apically and densely haired, with 5 rather long and thin spines (arranged mostly in two pairs plus a single spine) and one or two longer whip-lash hairs; tegmen small, as long as wide, apically rounded; aedeagus rather short, with a narrow furca. Body length: 3.2 mm. Female. Antenna very short, 4 th flagellomere with a l / w index of 1.0 - 1.2, neck very short; other characters as in males. Body length: 4 mm.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFBFBD885F7BFD29700C.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by the short flagellomeres with whitish necks, the dark thorax with long hairs on the scutum and 4 long marginal bristles on the scutellum, hind femur dark in contrast to the yellowish-brown fore and middle legs, very strongly toothed claws and a club-shaped gonostylus with 5 thin spines on the inner side and 1 - 2 longer whiplash hairs. A good character for distinguishing this species are the dark hind femora. The robust flagellomeres with bicoloured necks and the strongly toothed claws are similar to Pseudolycoriella skusei Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley, described from Queensland and Norfolk Island, Australia (Mohrig et al. 2016).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFC2FFBFBD885F7BFD29700C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCDFFBDBD885999FB88766A.taxon	description	(Fig. 17 A – E)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCDFFBDBD885999FB88766A.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype, 29. x. 1952, Hawai‘i, Keanakolu, 5200 ft., leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2487). Further material: 1 male, 28. iv. 1972, Chain of Craters & Hilina Pali Rd. Junction, 3880 ft., leg. W. Gagné (BPBM); 1 male, 1 female, 27. x. 1970, Hawai‘i Islands, leg. W. A. Steffan (1 male in PWMP).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCDFFBDBD885999FB88766A.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a 3 - segmented palpus, sometimes with the tendency to reduction to two segments in both sexes (unusual in the genus), forehead with a few short bristles, wings with strong C and R 5 veins, short flagellomeres (l / w index 1.2 - 1.4), fore tibia with an indistinct tibial organ (3 - 4 somewhat isolated bristles, not different from the ground hair), gonostylus with short hairs and 2 short subapical spines and a long whiplash hair, gonocoxites with short hairs at the ventral inner margin.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCDFFBDBD885999FB88766A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawai’i; New Caledonia; Seychelles Islands; Tristan da Cunha.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBDBD885861FC72757D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sciara quinquelineata Macquart, 1834: 149 (= Sciara vitripennis Meigen, 1818). Literature: Tonnoir & Edwards (1927): 798 (as subgenus of Sciara Meigen); Tuomikoski 1960: 150 – 156; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 480 – 508; Mohrig (2004): 166 – 168; Vilkamaa et al. (2012 d): 67 – 74.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBDBD885B54FA847388.taxon	description	(Fig. 18 A – C) Material: Holotype: Male, 1. - 13. viii. 1997, Hawaiian Islands; O‘ahu, ‘ Ewa, suburban area, Malaise trap, leg. Gonzales (BPBM). Description. Male. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 facets wide. 4 th flagellomere with a l / w-index of 2.4, haired as long as width of basal node. Palpus 3 - segmented, short; basal segment with a small shallow sensory pit and 1 bristle. Thorax. Brown. Scutum with brownish hairs. Wing pale; R 1 short = 1 / 3 R; c somewhat longer than ½ w; y short = 1 / 2 x, bare; posterior veins bare. Haltere short, brownish. Legs paler than thorax; tibial organ small, comb-like; spurs of middle and hind tibia with two long but unequal spurs; claws toothless. Abdomen. Brown. Hypopygium brown, ventral base more densely haired than the inner ventral margin of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites longer than the gonostylus; gonostylus elongate, slightly pointed towards the apex and bulbous in the middle of the inner sides, without an apical tooth but with 3 equal spines at the apex. Tegmen large, wider than long. Aedeagus rather short, with a distinct furca. Body size: 1.2 mm.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBDBD885B54FA847388.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a short palpus with a shallow sensory area, wings with a short y and a rather short C, hypopygium with an elongate gonostylus, bulbous in the middle of the inner side, without an apical tooth but with 3 equally long spines.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBDBD885B54FA847388.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu). * The species is named in honour of D. Elmo Hardy (3 September 1914 – 17 October 2002), (Figure 1).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBCBD885C5CFD3C76A7.taxon	description	(Fig. 19 A – B, 20 A – D)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBCBD885C5CFD3C76A7.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 29. x. 1952, Hawai‘i I, Keanakolu, 1585 m, leg. C. P. Hoyt (BPBM, No. 2493); 2 males, 28. xii. 2000, Hawai‘i, Maui I., Hana, rain forest, caught by net, leg. W. Mohrig (PWMP). Conservation status. Holotype is embedded in Canada balsam, head, antennae, palpus and wings isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are in quite good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBCBD885C5CFD3C76A7.taxon	description	= Scatopsciara spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n. Scatopsciara spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 [Vilkamaa et al. (2012 d): 69 – 70, fig. 2 A – D]	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBCBD885C5CFD3C76A7.taxon	discussion	Comment s. The species was combined by Steffan (1973 a) erroneously into the genus Lycoriella near the species L. pallidor Tuomikoski. The rather short antenna, short palpus with a weakly deepened sensory pit, wing with short R 1, fore tibia with a comb-like row of bristles, without a horseshoe-shaped border and gonostylus with an apical tooth and subapical spines, but without a whiplash hair on the inner side suggests it belongs to the genus Scatopsciara Edwards. The species is characterized by the gonostylus narrowed towards the apex with a strong apical tooth and 4 subapical spines, one spine near the base of the tooth, three spines separated in a row in the distal half of the inner side. The hypopygium of the type is somewhat depressed, so that the three spines on the inner side of the gonostylus seem to be inserted on an exposed keeled base (see Steffan’s comparison to L. pallidor Tuomikoski). The two specimens from Maui represent the real morphological shape. It is conspecific with Sc. spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig from New Caledonia (Vilkamaa et al. 2012 d). The specimens from New Caledonia show apicolateral corners, which could be artefacts, due to flipped margins. The nodes of the flagellomeres seem to be somewhat more robust however all other morphological details are completely identical.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCEFFBCBD885C5CFD3C76A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawai‘i; New Caledonia.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885B2AFD60733D.taxon	description	(Fig. 21 A – C)	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885B2AFD60733D.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Holotype: Male, 14. iii. 1953, Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Palolo Valley, reared from rotting Plumeria, leg. C. P. Hoyt [BPBM, No. 2488 in the literature (on slide 2388 and 2488)]. Further material: 2 males, 28. xii. 2000, Hawai‘i, Maui, Hana, rain forest, caught by net, leg. W. Mohrig (PWMP). Conservation status. E mbedded in Canada balsam. Head, palpus, antennae and wings isolated with wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures are in good condition.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885B2AFD60733D.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a short 3 - segmented palpus with a large basal segment, fore tibia with a small comb-like row of bristles, a short R 1, hypopygium with a bare intergonocoxal space and short and sparse hairs on the inner ventral margin of the gonocoxites; gonostylus small, pointed to the apex, with a short apical tooth and 4 long subapical spines; a wide and flat tegmen, and short aedeagus.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885B2AFD60733D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu, Maui).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885D93FC5270FD.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 A – C) Material: Holotype: Male, 6. xii. 1992, Galápagos Islands, Isabela I., Sierra Negra, Pozzo del Cura, 700 m, net, leg. Ger (PWMP). Paratype: 1 male, 1 – 13. viii. 1997, Hawaiian Islands; O‘ahu, ‘ Ewa, suburban area, Malaise trap, leg. Gonzales (PWMP). Description. Male. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 facets wide. 4 th flagellomere with a l / w-index of 2.6, with hairs longer than the diameter of the basal node and a rather long neck. Palpus rather short, 3 - segmented, basal segment with a small and slightly deepened sensory pit and 1 bristle. Thorax. Brown. Scutum with brownish hairs. Wing slightly brownish; R 1 short; c much longer than ½ w; y short = 1 / 2 x, bare; posterior veins bare and clearly visible. Haltere short, brownish. Legs somewhat paler than thorax; tibial organ small, comb-like; spurs of middle and hind tibia with two long but unequal spurs; claws toothless. Abdomen. Brown. Hypopygium brown, ventral base and the inner ventral margin of gonocoxites sparsely haired; gonocoxites longer than gonostylus; gonostylus elongate, somewhat club-shaped, not bulbous in the middle of the inner sides; without an apical tooth but with 4 equal apical / subapical spines between dense bristle-like hairs on the apex. Tegmen large, wider than high. Aedeagus long, with a distinct furca. Body size: 1.5 mm. * The species is named in honour of Wallace A. Steffan (20 August 1934 – 30 September 2016).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885D93FC5270FD.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species is characterized by a rather short palpus with a distinctly deepened sensory area, a short y, long C, hypopygium with an elongate, somewhat club-shaped gonostylus without an apical tooth but with 4 subequal spines between bristle-like hairs at the apex.	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
03C987F6FFCFFFBCBD885D93FC5270FD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu); Galápagos Islands (Isabela I.).	en	Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen, Broadley, Adam (2019): Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa 4590 (4): 401-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1
