identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C887DB60648C03FF67D2CC1D51FC4A.text	03C887DB60648C03FF67D2CC1D51FC4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus acco Asahina 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus acco Asahina, 1996</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1, 2, 3a–b, 5h, 6h, 13a–b)</p>
            <p> Asiagomphus xanthenatus acco: Asahina (1996) , pp. 22–24, figs. 2–9 [type, northern Vietnam]; Wilson (2005), p. 132, fig. 15 [records from Guangxi, China and discussion of specific status]. </p>
            <p> Asiagomphus acco: Do et al. (2011) , pp. 8–10, fig. 8; von Ellenrieder et al. (2015), p. 5 [species list]; Karube (2014), p. 69 [species list]; Yokoi &amp; Souphanthong (2014), p. 84 [distribution map], p. 37 (Plt. 14). </p>
            <p> Material examined: 1 ♂, Tay Thien, Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov, northern Vietnam, 18-V-2014, TK leg. ;  1 ♀, Yen Bai Prov., northern Vietnam, 20-VI-2015, TK leg. ;  1 ♂, Quang Nam Prov., central Vietnam, 21-VI-2016, TK leg.</p>
            <p>  Additional records based on field observations by TK: 1 ♂,  Ba Be NP, Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 21-VII-2013  ;   6 ind., Tay Thien,  Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov., northern Vietnam, 18-V-2014  ;   1 ♂,  Ba Vi NP, Ha Noi, northern Vietnam, 25-V-2014  ;   3 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 31-V-2014  ;   2 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 1-VI-2014  ;   4 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 8-VI-2014  ;   2 ind.,  Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov., northern Vietnam, 15-VI-2014  ;  1 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 23-VI-2014 ;  1 ind., Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 25-VI-2014 ;  1 ind., Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 26-VI-2014 ;   2 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 4-VII-2014  ;  2 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 8-VII-2014 ;  1 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 9-VII-2014 ;   5 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 18-IV-2015  ;  2 ind., Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 2-V-2015 ;  1 ind., Ha Tinh Prov., central Vietnam, 9-V-2015 ;   1 ♀,  Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 22-V-2015  ;   7 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 30-V-2015  ;   1 ind.,  Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 16-VI-2015  ;  2 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 28-VI-2015 ;   1 ♂,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 29-VI-2015  ;   1 ♂,  Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov., northern Vietnam, 19-VII-2015  ;   1 ♂,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 23-IV-2016  ;   1 ♂,  Thua Thien - Hue Prov. , central Vietnam, 3- V-2016  ;   1 ♂,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 29-V-2016  ;  6 ind., Quang Nam Prov., central Vietnam, 21-VI-2016 ;   1 ♂,  Thua Thien - Hue Prov. , central Vietnam, 21-VI-2016  ;   10 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 21-V-2017  ;   3 ind.,  Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., northern Vietnam, 27-V-2017  ;  5 ind., Quang Binh Prov., central Vietnam, 5-VI-2017 ;   1 ♂,  Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 11-VI- 2017  ;  4 ind., Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 9-VII-2017 ;  2 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 16-VII- 2017 . </p>
            <p> Discussion. Males of  Asiagomphus acco are easily identified by their thorax pattern with a dorsal stripe and a single lateral stripe (over the mesepimeron), but without antehumeral stripe or second lateral stripe over the metepisternum, and with all yellow metepimeron. S1–2 are largely yellow, but S3–8 are black, with sometimes a small antero-dorsal spot on S7. S9 has a large yellow postero-dorsal spot. The pattern is very consistent (Figs. 1, 2a–c). The combination of largely black abdomen and black metepisternum is enough to identify the male, but in addition the sub-basal ventral tooth to the cerci in combination with the distinct slender branches of the epiproct in lateral view, which are very straight both dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 6h), can be used for in-hand identification. The female has the same thorax pattern as the male, but has largely yellow S1–2, with only a black dorso-lateral spot on S1 and some black centrally on the dorsum of S2 at the posterior margin. S3–6 all have paired posterior dorsal spots, somewhat increasing in size from S3 to S6. S7–8 and S10 are black, or rarely S8 with a small dorsal yellow spot, and S9 has a relatively small postero-dorsal spot. The female too is quite consistently patterned (Figs. 1, 2d–f). </p>
            <p> Asahina (1996) originally described  Asiagomphus acco as a subspecies of  A. xanthenatus . However, this was a strange taxonomic solution, as that species has clearly different cerci without a ventral sub-basal tooth and different epiproct (compare Figs. 5h, 6h with Figs. 5e, 6e). It is also completely differently patterned (compare Figs. 1, 2, 13a–b with Fig. 10d) and has different hamuli (compare Figs. 3a–b with Figs. 3e–f). I strongly support the view by Do et al. (2011) that  A. acco should be considered a separate species in its own right. </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology.  Asiagomphus acco is a spring species, locally common, appearing in the second half of April and flying to the end of July. Sampling bias has been towards northern Vietnam, but the species was observed as far south as Quang Nam Province in central Vietnam. It inhabits clear, shallow streams, generally under deep forest cover, and is very approachable, unlike many other species in the genus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60648C03FF67D2CC1D51FC4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB60678C06FF67D52B1BA8FDBE.text	03C887DB60678C06FF67D52B1BA8FDBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser 1926)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4a–b, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8a, 9e, 10a–c, e–f)</p>
            <p> Asiagomphus auricolor: Fraser (1926) pp. 482–483, fig. 4a [description of female]; Ellenrieder et al. (2015), p. 5 [species list]. </p>
            <p>  Material examined: 1 ♂,  Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 1-V-2014, TK leg.  ;  1 ♂, same location and collector, 24-V-2014 ;  2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ [used for description], Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 26-VI-2014, TK leg. ;   1 ♂ [used for description],  Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 19-IV-2015, TK leg.  ;   1 ♂,  Pia Oac NR, Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 17-VI-2015, TK leg.  ;   1 ♂, Ha Tay,  Ba Vi NP, Ha Noi, northern Vietnam, 29-VI-2015, TK leg. </p>
            <p>  Additional records based on field observations by TK: 1 ♂,  Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 21-IV-2014  ;  5 ind., same location, 26-IV-2014 ;  14 ind., same location, 1-V-2014 ;  10 ind., same location, 24-V-2014 ;  1 ind., Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 21-VI-2014 ;  1 ind., same location, 22-VI-2014 ;  1 ♂, same location, 24-VI-2014 ;  1 ♂, same location, 25-VI-2014 ;   3 ♂♂,  Pia Oac NR, Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 25- VI-2014  ;  3 ♂♂, Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 26-VI-2014 ;  8 ind., Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 28-VI- 2014 ;  1 ♂, Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 29-VI-2014 ;  2 ind., Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 6-VII-2014 ;  5 ind., Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., northern Vietnam, 22-III-2015 ;  5 ind., same location, 19-IV-2015 ;  7 ind., Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 30-IV-2015 ;  2 ind., same location, 23-V-2015 ;  15 ind., Thai Nguyen Prov., northern Vietnam, 15-VI-2015 ;   1 ♂,  Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 16-VI-2015  ;  2 ind., Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., 19-III-2016 ;   1 ♂,  Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 16-IV-2017  ;  1 ind., Cuc Phuong NP, Ninh Binh Prov., northern Vietnam, 11-VI-2017 ;  1 ♂, Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 8-VII-2017 . </p>
            <p>First description of male (Figs. 4a–b, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8a). Head. Labium, labrum, postclypeus and antefrons black. Anteclypeus dark brown. Base of mandibles pale yellow. Postfrons with broad yellow stripe, extending anteriorly just down the antefrons, and posterior edge of postfrons black. Cranium black, lateral ocelli framed with a raised ridge posteriorly. Occiput dark brown, wrinkled and slightly raised centrally, occipital ridge with long black hairs. Antennae black, but top of first segment pale.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Prothorax black, but anterior lobe with central yellow spot, and median lobe with small yellow central spot and pair of lateral spots. Synthorax black with pale yellow markings as follows: Mesepisternum with dorsal stripe, widening anteriorly and confluent with collar stripe to form two inverted “7” shapes. Small antehumeral spot towards dorsal end of humeral suture. Mesepimeron almost completely covered by broad lateral stripe. Mesokatepisternum blackish brown with large yellow spot. Metepisternum with broad lateral stripe, somewhat constricted just below dorsal end and bordered by clear black stripe over interpleural suture, running through spiracle, margins of yellow stripe less distinct ventrally. Metakatepisternum brown with diffuse yellow center. Metepimeron almost completely yellow, but black stripe over metapleural suture. Coxae and legs all black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black with yellow markings as follows: S1 yellow with small black area dorso-laterally covered in long black hairs; S2 yellow with black marking dorsally of yellow auricle, continuing posteriorly over dorsum, but interrupted in middle over dorsal central line by yellow stripe; S3 with antero-ventral spot and short narrow anterodorsal stripe; S4–7 with antero-dorsal half-ring, interrupted dorsally by thin black line on S7; posterior half of S9 with large dorsal mark. S7–9 markedly widened.</p>
            <p>Accessory genitalia (Figs. 4a–b). Black, anterior hamulus about 4x longer than wide, apical third constricted, minimally curved inwards and posteriorly at apex, latero-posterior margin of constricted part with distinct small teeth. Posterior hamulus robust, in lateral view 3x length of visible part of anterior hamulus, lateral surface deeply concave in middle part, apex directed inward and anteriorly to form robust hook, lateral surface smooth, without ridge crossing surface distal of concave part and anterior margin smooth in lateral view.</p>
            <p> Vesica spermalis . Flagellum extending well beyond median process of apical segment. </p>
            <p>Wings. Hyaline with black veins, minimally tinted amber at base. Anal triangle 3-celled, cubito-anal space with one crossvein, all triangles uncrossed, nodal index 12–19:18– 14 in FW, 15–12: 14–15 in HW. Pt brown, 4 mm, covering 5–6 cells in FW and 6–7 in HW.</p>
            <p>Anal appendages (Figs. 5d, 6d, 7d, 8a). Black. Cerci simple, unbranched, widely diverging in dorsal view and apically tapering to a posteriorly directed point (Fig. 5d), in lateral view minimally curved downward at mid-point, apically inflicted upward to form up-slanting spike, in length cerci approximately 1.5x length of S10 (Fig. 6d). Epiproct deeply bifid, in dorsal view branches rounded, simple (Fig. 8a), diverging in same measure as cerci (Fig. 7d). In lateral view relatively straight, upper margin slightly concave, lower margin somewhat rounded, its lowest point one-third from base, its apical two-thirds becoming thinner towards apex. Slightly longer than cerci, apex a blunt point, hooked inward and upward to form small dorsal tooth (Fig. 6d). Posterior margin of epiproct between branches straight, separation between branches about 1.3x wider than length of protruding part of branches (Fig. 7d).</p>
            <p>Variation in males. Two of seven specimens without antehumeral spot and with second yellow lateral stripe over metepisternum reduced to postero-dorsal corner. In two more specimens black stripe over interpleural suture broader, including all of spiracle (Fig. 10b). Yellow spot on mesokatepisternum somewhat variable in size, metakatepisternum varying from all yellowish brown to all dark brown. In one specimen black on S2 reduced, in another more extensive, forming complete dorso-lateral stripe (Fig. 10c), and in one male black connecting across dorsum along posterior margin. Yellow marking on S9 varying between only posterior one-third to three-fifths of segment. In two specimens tiny lateral yellow mark at posterior margin of S8 (Fig. 10b). In one male yellow halfring on S4–7 reduced to dorsal spot. In one male cerci as long as epiproct in lateral view. In one specimen a second crossvein in cubito-anal space in one FW and one HW. 12–18 Px in FW, 16–21 Ax in FW, 12–17 Px in HW and 11–14 Ax in HW.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 60–63, HW 38–41.</p>
            <p>Redescription of female (Figs. 9e, 10e). As holotype male, but raised ridges posterior to lateral ocelli with spike at posterior end, and occipital ridge with central spike (Fig. 9e). Antehumeral spot reduced on one side (Fig. 10e) and absent on other side. Second yellow lateral stripe as wide as black stripe over interpleural suture. S2 completely yellow apart from black postero-dorsal marking covering about one-fourth of dorsum of segment. S3 with only small anterolateral spot and no dorsal spot. S8 with minimal yellow line along anterior margin. S9 with postero-dorsal mark covering about two-fifths of segment. Cerci conical, black, as long as S10. Nodal index 15– 18:19–16/17–12:13–16.</p>
            <p>Variation in females. Based on a photo of a female caught on 26-IV-2014 (Fig. 10f), S1–2 with broad dorsolateral black line completely bisecting the yellow marking. Thorax with distinct antehumeral spot. Cerci whitish. This is a much fresher individual.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 63, HW 41.</p>
            <p> Discussion. When Fraser described  Gomphus auricolor , he knew only few similar species (notably  Gomphus (=  Asiagomphus )  nilgiricus (Laidlaw, 1922)) and therefore judged the extensively yellow S1–2 of his female to be sufficient to separate his species novum from all others. “The species belongs to the group  nilgiricus by its parallel antehumeral [sic] stripes broadly confluent with the short mesothoracic collar, but is easily distinguished from that and all others of the genus [  Gomphus , TK], by the strikingly broad expanse of bright yellow at base of abdomen, a feature which at once meets the eye.” (Fraser 1926, p. 483). Although the pattern of S1–2 of most  Asiagomphus species contains large yellow areas, they almost invariably have longitudinal dorso-lateral black stripes on S2. This is also true for all species from northern Vietnam, from where  A. auricolor was described, apart from  A. acco , which has identical S1–2 to Fraser’s description, but which has completely black metepisternum and paired postero-dorsal abdominal spots instead of complete half-rings. As is obvious from the female in Fig. 10f, which has a large dorso-lateral black stripe on S1–2 exactly like the male in Fig. 10c, even in  A. auricolor almost completely yellow S1–2 is not a consistent character. However, females with almost completely yellow S1–2 are not infrequent. The specimen used for description here is one such specimen. It otherwise also fits the description provided by Fraser, apart from the color of the cerci, which appears to be variable (see Fig. 10f). It also on one side has a vestigial antehumeral spot, another variable character, as is clear from the variation in males, in some of which the antehumeral spot is absent and in others present. In the male specimens studied the lack of antehumeral spots occurs in combination with reduced second yellow lateral stripe and darkened and worn wings. The same is true of the female used for description, so it appears likely that the antehumeral spot often becomes obscured in older specimens. </p>
            <p> There are no other  Asiagomphus species in northern Vietnam that so closely fit the original description by Fraser and have almost completely yellow S1–2. The described female was caught in close association with several males of a species of  Asiagomphus that occurs widely in northern Vietnam, but does not fit the description of any other known species. These males too have extensively yellow S1–2 and most often a yellow stripe over the metepisternum. These are here described as the male of  A. auricolor and its differential diagnosis is provided. </p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis. The male of  Asiagomphus auricolor must be compared with all known  Asiagomphus species, to ascertain it is not a junior or senior synonym of currently known species. Most Chinese, Korean, and Japanese species can easily be eliminated on the basis of combinations of patterning and structural characters. Notably, most of these species have a distinct complete antehumeral stripe in addition to the dorsal stripe, and have lengthwise dorsal stripes on the abdomen. Chao (1990) separates  A. motouensis Liu &amp; Chao, 1990 from all other species in his key as the only species that combines a black occiput with an antehumeral spot, but lacks an antehumeral stripe. However,  A. motouensis has a completely different thorax pattern, lacking a continuous black stripe over the intrapleural suture and more slender dorsal stripes. The Japanese endemic species all have a complete antehumeral stripe and three out of four have a longitudinal pattern on the abdomen. The fourth,  A. yayeyamensis (Matsumura in Oguma, 1926) , has triangular dorsal spots on the abdomen, lacks a black stripe over the interpleural suture, and its female has extensively black S1–2.  Asiagomphus acco has black abdomen, black metepisternum, and different cerci.  Asiagomphus reinhardti is easily identified by its protrusion of the posterior margin of S10 and different cerci.  Asiagomphus giza Wilson, 2005 is only known from a female, but has a peculiar triple horn on the occiput, lacking in the female used for description, and has longitudinal markings on the abdomen. The western species  A. nilgiricus (Laidlaw, 1922) and  A. personatus (Selys, 1873) , whether or not synonyms (Fraser 1934), have longitudinal markings on the abdomen (Fraser 1925) and  A. odoneli (Fraser, 1922) has differently marked S9, without postero-dorsal yellow spot, but with lateral markings instead.  Asiagomphus xanthenatus (Williamson, 1907) is closer in appearance to  A. auricolor , with half-rings at the base of abdomen segments, but its epiproct has widely diverging branches separated by its semicircular posterior margin (Fig. 5e), and the apical hook of the posterior hamulus is directed more anteriorly, not inwardly, whereas the anterior margin of the posterior hamulus is clearly angular with small teeth, not smooth (Fig. 3e).  Asiagomphus coreanus (Doi &amp; Okumura, 1937) , endemic for the Korean Peninsula, has complete antehumeral stripe and interrupted black stripe over interpleural suture, and different appendages, whereas  A. melanopsoides from Korea and the Russian Far East also has complete antehumeral stripe and longitudinal stripe over the dorsum of the abdomen.  Asiagomphus gongshanensis was described from a female specimen, and is said to resemble  A. personatus . The poorly known  A. corniger (Morton, 1928) has completely different anal appendages. Indeed, Chao (1990) chose to include it in  Burmagomphus Williamson, 1907 .  Asiagomphus somnolens (only known from a female) has all yellow labrum. </p>
            <p> From the above it is clear that the taxon here described as the male of  Asiagomphus auricolor is different from all known  Asiagomphus species with known males, and differs in color pattern from the species known only from females as well. It is also easily separated from the three new species described in this paper.  Asiagomphus monticola and  A. superciliaris are much darker and have different posterior and anterior hamuli, and differently shaped epiproct.  Asiagomphus kosterini has completely different abdomen pattern and different anal and secondary appendages. The identification of the female is a challenge. It is not clear how consistent the combination of horns on the cranium and occiput of female  Asiagomphus species is, but my experience with for instance  A. reinhardti (see also under that species) indicates it may well vary considerably between females of the same species. More specimens must be studied to establish the range of variability. However, from my personal observations it appears that also female specimens only tentatively identified as  A. auricolor (some specimens could not be conclusively identified, because of differences with the original description by Fraser and the fact they were not caught in copula with the type of male described here as male  A. auricolor ) sometimes lack a central spike on the occiput and may have additional spikes adjacent to the lateral ocelli. Cerci may be pale or black (Figs. 10e–f). Antehumeral spot may be present or absent (as in the male). Currently, only females with almost completely yellow S1–2, dorsal halfrings on abdomen segments and at least some pale markings on the metepisternum can be positively identified as  A. auricolor . The female in Fig. 10f was also caught in close association with typical males of  A. auricolor . </p>
            <p> I am confident that the combination of females from northern Vietnam that closely fit the original description of  Asiagomphus auricolor from Tonkin (present day northern Vietnam) and the common occurrence of males that are clearly different from all currently known species and can be considered topotypical with  A. auricolor provide a good enough case to consider this taxon as the elusive  A. auricolor , rather than describing it as a new species, which would be the only alternative. </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology.  Asiagomphus auricolor is a rather common species found at a variety of smaller streams in semi-open areas, where they generally perch on vegetation by the side of the streams. It is a difficult species to approach and quickly alights when disturbed, flying up into tree cover. They start emerging from the middle of March as one of the earliest species in northern Vietnam, together with for instance  Trigomphus kompieri Karube, 2015 . By the beginning of July only few survive. </p>
            <p> Reels &amp; Zhang (2015, pp. 276–277) illustrate a similar looking species from Hainan as  Asiagomphus sp., although it has larger lateral markings at the posterior margin of S8 and yellow spots on the labrum. The description mentions (p. 277) that “Males perch on the surface of leaves, close to the stream. Very easily disturbed.” It will be interesting to compare these taxa. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60678C06FF67D52B1BA8FDBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB60628C0FFF67D3BF1D7DFE0A.text	03C887DB60628C0FFF67D3BF1D7DFE0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus kosterini Kompier 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus kosterini sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3c–d, h, 5f, 6f, 7f, 8d, 11f, 12h, 13c)</p>
            <p>
                  Material examined: Holotype ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.442/lat 11.88)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.88">Da</a>
                 lat, Lam Dong Prov., (appr. 11.880 N, 108.442 E), 17-IV-2016, TK leg. 
            </p>
            <p>  Paratype. 1 ♂,  Bidoup - Nui Ba NP, Lam Dong Prov., central Vietnam, alt. 1,430 m, 07-VI-2017, V.Q. To leg. </p>
            <p>  Additional records based on field observations: 9 ind.,  Da Lat , Lam Dong Prov., 17-IV-2016, TK  ;  3 ♂♂, same location, 18-IV-2016, TK ;   1 ♂,  Nam Bang Protection Forest , Lam Dong Prov., central Vietnam, alt. 1,315 m, 17-II-2017, V.Q. To. </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  kosterini , a noun in the genitive case, refers to Dr. Oleg E. Kosterin, an entomologist who has worked extensively on  Odonata , in particular in Cambodia, and as such has described many species also occurring in southern Vietnam. A recent example is  Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin &amp; Yokoi, 2016 . </p>
            <p>Description of holotype (Figs. 3c–d, 5f, 6f, 7f, 8d, 11f, 12h).</p>
            <p>Head. Lateral lobes of labium bright yellow, median lobe black. Labrum black with two oblong yellow spots at the dorso-lateral corners just below the dorsal margin. Anteclypeus black, somewhat browner in the middle. Postclypeus black, but laterally dark brown. Base of mandibles bright yellow. Postfrons with broad yellow stripe, extending downward to cover the dorsal half of the otherwise black antefrons. Posterior edge of postfrons black. Cranium black, lateral ocelli with a raised ridge posteriorly and small nipple like protrusion laterally. Occiput blackish brown, smooth but slightly raised centrally, occipital ridge with long black hairs. Antennae black, but top of first segment pale.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Prothorax black, but anterior lobe with central yellow spot extending all the way laterally along anterior margin, and median lobe with yellow central spot and pair of lateral spots and a tiny yellow spot between these larger markings, and a similarly tiny yellow spot at center of posterior lobe. Synthorax black with yellow markings as follows: Mesepisternum with dorsal stripe, straight, but slightly constricted just before merging sublaterally with collar stripe to form two inverted and non-symmetrical “T” shapes. Small antehumeral spot towards dorsal end of humeral suture. Blackish brown mesepimeron with straight broad lateral stripe. Mesokatepisternum blackish with large yellow mark. Metepisternum blackish brown with yellow spot at posterodorsal corner, somewhat paler smudge at posterior margin centrally and yellow somewhat kidney-shaped marking posterior of spiracle. Metakatepisternum yellow with brownish smudges along margins. Metepimeron almost completely yellow, but black stripe over metapleural suture. Coxae yellow and legs all black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black with yellow markings as follows: S1 ventral half yellow and dorsal half black, center of dorsum yellow; dorso-laterally covered in long black hairs; S2 with yellow auricle, yellow along venter, which extend upward laterally before black posterior margin, and with yellow central line dorsally; S3 with triangular antero-ventral spot and complete dorsal stripe; S4–6 with short antero-dorsal stripe and anterolateral spot, not connected to form half-ring; S7 with antero-dorsal half-ring, somewhat constricted in middle, and yellow triangle postero-laterally; S8 with pair of large postero-lateral spots, extending almost completely sublaterally to anterior margin; S9 with large yellow marking on posterior half of which the anterior edge is very irregular, constricted in the middle and again sublaterally, not quite reaching lateral margin, also a small yellow mark on the anterolateral corner; S10 with a pair of yellow spots dorso-laterally towards the posterior margin. S7 somewhat and S8–9 markedly widened.</p>
            <p>Accessory genitalia (Figs. 3c–d). Anterior hamulus yellowish brown, about 4x longer than wide, apical third constricted, minimally curved inwards and posteriorly at apex, postero-lateral margin of constricted part black with series of small teeth. Posterior hamulus black, robust, in lateral view 3x length of visible part of anterior hamulus, lateral surface constricted at one third from base, then flat towards apex, apex curved to form robust hook directed anteriorly and downward at 45 degree angle.</p>
            <p> Vesica spermalis . Flagellum extending well beyond somewhat slender median process of apical segment, tip of flagellum extended downward at 45 degree angle. </p>
            <p>Wings. Hyaline with black veins, somewhat smoky. Anal triangle 3-celled, cubito-anal space with one crossvein, all triangles uncrossed, nodal index 12–14:14– 10 in FW, 11–11:11– 11 in HW. Pt brown, 3.5 mm, covering 3.5 cells in FW and 3.5–5 in HW.</p>
            <p>Anal appendages (Figs. 5f, 6f, 7f, 8d). Cerci blackish brown, base brownish yellow, epiproct black. Cerci simple, unbranched, widely diverging in dorsal view and apically tapering to a posteriorly directed point (Fig. 5f), in lateral view upper margin only slightly bend downward, apically inflicted posteriorly to form sharp tip, in length cerci approximately 1.2x length of S10 and extending beyond epiproct (Fig. 6f). Epiproct deeply bifid, branches simple, diverging slightly more than cerci and triangular (Figs. 5f, 7f), rather flat, tapering to a slightly arched inward blunt tip, at two-thirds from base raised to a slight ridge dorsally and between ridge and tip a rounded bowllike depression (Fig. 8d). In lateral view equally simple, slightly shorter than cerci, ventral margin first slanting downward, then at two-fifths from base forming a heel and rising again, its apical part somewhat thinning apically. Dorsal margin shallowly concave (Fig. 6f). Apex tapering to blunt point, hooked inward and upward to form small dorsal tooth. Posterior margin of epiproct between branches smoothly curved (Fig. 5f).</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 56, HW 37.</p>
            <p>Variation in paratype male. Metepisternum with complete yellow lateral stripe, dorsally forming a rectangle, the stripe running down from the posterior half of the rectangle, passing behind the spiracle. S4–6 with complete antero-dorsal half-ring. S10 and cerci all black. 18 Ax and 15 Px in FW, Ax 14 and Px 16 in HW. Pt covering 4.5 cells. HW length 40.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis.  Asiagomphus kosterini sp. nov. is a striking species, easily separable from known  Asiagomphus species by its distinctive color pattern, in addition to structural aspects. Most Chinese, Korean, and Japanese species have a distinct complete antehumeral stripe in addition to the dorsal stripe, and have longitudinal dorsal stripes on the abdomen. Chao (1990) separates  A. motouensis Liu &amp; Chao, 1990 from all other species in his key as the only species that combines a black occiput with an antehumeral spot, but lacks an antehumeral stripe. However,  A. motouensis has a completely different thorax pattern from  A. kosterini , lacking a continuous black stripe over the interpleural suture and virtually black metepisternum. Structurally its cerci do not obviously extend beyond the epiproct. Two Chinese species,  A. hesperus and  A. pacatus , have somewhat similar pattern on S8–9, but differ structurally.  Asiagomphus hesperus has for instance the apex of the posterior hamulus directed inwards in addition to many differences in the thorax pattern. In  A. pacatus the apex of the posterior hamulus is slender and almost horizontally directed anteriorly, again in addition to many differences in color pattern. The Japanese endemic species all have a complete antehumeral stripe and three out of four have a longitudinal pattern on the abdomen. The fourth,  A. yayeyamensis , lacks a black stripe over the interpleural suture and has yellow metepisternum, in addition to many other differences.  Asiagomphus acco has black abdomen, and different cerci.  Asiagomphus reinhardti is easily identified by the protrusion of the posterior margin of S10 and different cerci.  Asiagomphus giza is only known from a female, but has longitudinal markings on the abdomen. The western species  A. nilgiricus and  A. personatus have longitudinal markings on the abdomen (Fraser 1925) and  A. odoneli has differently marked S8–9, without postero-dorsal yellow spot.  Asiagomphus auricolor ,  A. monticola ,  A. superciliaris and  A. xanthenatus have half-rings at the base of abdomen segments, lack lateral markings on S8 or spots on S10, and have different posterior hamulus, directed more inward at the apex (  A. auricolor ), have curled apices (  A. superciliaris ) or directed more horizontally anteriorly (  A. xanthenatus ), different anterior hamulus and different epiproct.  Asiagomphus coreanus has complete antehumeral stripe, yellow metepisternum, interrupted black stripe over interpleural suture, and different appendages.  Asiagomphus melanopsoides also has complete antehumeral stripe and longitudinal pattern over the dorsum of the abdomen.  Asiagomphus gongshanensis was described from a female specimen. Said to resemble  A. personatus , its abdomen markings should help to separate it easily. As said under  A. auricolor above, the poorly known  A. corniger has completely different anal appendages. </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology.  Asiagomphus kosterini was found on small, shallow and pebbly streams under forest cover at approximately alt. 1,450 m in Da Lat, and at almost the same altitude in Bidoup – Nui Ba NP, where it inhabited a small and shallow dream with mud and sand substrate under forest cover. </p>
            <p> Discussion. The difference in the holotype and paratype in the patterning of the metepisternum, in addition to small differences in the patterning of the abdomen serves as a warning against the use of such characters without support by a mix of other characters, both in patterning and structure. Similar variation is seen in several other species, for instance  A. auricolor ,  A. monticola ,  A. reinhardti , and  A. xanthenatus . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60628C0FFF67D3BF1D7DFE0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB606B8C10FF67D65A1BADFCBA.text	03C887DB606B8C10FF67D65A1BADFCBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus monticola Kompier 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus monticola sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4e–f, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9d, 11a–b)</p>
            <p> Material examined: Holotype ♂, Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., (appr. 21.163 N, 104.896 E), 31-V-2014, TK leg.</p>
            <p>Paratypes. 1 ♂, same date, location and collector as holotype; 1 ♂, Yen Bai Prov., 1-VI-2014, TK leg.</p>
            <p> Additional records based on field observations by TK: 1 ♂, Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., 31-V-2014 ;  2 ♂♂, Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., 8-VI-2014 . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  monticola , a noun in apposition, can be translated as “a mountain inhabitant” and refers to the relatively high-altitude habitat of the species compared to its similar-looking relative,  Asiagomphus superciliaris . </p>
            <p>Description of holotype (Figs. 4e–f, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9d, 11a)</p>
            <p>Head. Labium dark brown, lateral lobes somewhat paler. Labrum black. Anteclypeus blackish brown, somewhat paler in the middle. Postclypeus black. Base of mandibles pale yellow. Postfrons with broad yellow stripe, extending downward to cover the dorsal margin of the otherwise black antefrons. Posterior edge of postfrons black. Cranium black, lateral ocelli with a raised ridge posteriorly with some sparse hairs (Fig. 9d). Occiput black, smooth but slightly raised centrally, occipital ridge with long black hairs. Antennae black, but top of first segment pale.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Prothorax with anterior lobe yellow but black laterally, and median lobe with small yellow central spot and pair of small lateral spots. Synthorax black with yellow markings as follows: Mesepisternum with broad dorsal stripe, straight, merging with collar stripe to form two inverted “7” shapes, and distinct antehumeral spot. Blackish brown mesepimeron with straight broad lateral stripe. Mesokatepisternum blackish brown with yellow spot. Metepisternum blackish brown with distinct yellow spot at postero-dorsal corner and yellow area behind spiracle, extending towards venter. Metakatepisternum dark brown with posterior half yellow. Metepimeron almost completely pale yellow, but black stripe over metapleural suture. Coxae blackish brown and legs all black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black with yellow markings as follows: S1 with ventral half yellow and center of dorsum yellow; dorso-laterally covered in long black hairs; S2 ventral half to just above auricle yellow and with yellow central line dorsally, posterior margin black; S3 with antero-dorsal half-ring, dorsally somewhat extended to form short longitudinal line, almost extending to ventral margin; S4–5 with short antero-dorsal half-ring; S6–7 with short antero-dorsal half-ring, broken by black dorsal carina; S9 with large yellow marking on posterior half, its anterior margin irregular. S7–9 markedly widened.</p>
            <p>Accessory genitalia (Figs. 4e–f). Anterior hamulus dark reddish brown, about 4x longer than wide, central third somewhat expanded posteriorly, then smoothly constricted towards apex, which is hollowed out, the open side rather wide and directed inward and backward at apex, with tiny teeth at apical margin, and with hairs extending from broader base internally. Posterior hamulus black, robust, in lateral view 2.5x length of visible part of anterior hamulus, smooth, lateral surface concave near base, its anterior margin becoming a ridge over lateral side at midpoint, apex curved smoothly anteriorly to form hook, and anterior margin angular, with small teeth at mid-point (Fig. 4e).</p>
            <p> Vesica spermalis . Flagellum extending well beyond somewhat slender median process of apical segment, tip of flagellum short, directed downward at 45 degree angle. </p>
            <p>Wings. Hyaline with black veins, with brownish tinge. Anal triangle 3-celled, cubito-anal space with one crossvein, all triangles uncrossed, nodal index 14–17:16– 14 in FW, 14–13: 11–13 in HW. Pt brown, 3.5 mm, covering 5 cells in FW and 5 in HW.</p>
            <p>Anal appendages (Figs. 5a, 6a, 7a, 8b). Blackish brown. Cerci simple, unbranched, widely diverging in dorsal view and apically tapering to a posteriorly directed point (Fig. 5a), in lateral view slightly curved downward, apically inflicted upwards to form sharp, slightly raised, tip, in length cerci approximately 1.3x length of S10, as long as epiproct (Fig. 6a). Epiproct deeply triangularly incised, not v-shaped, but more rounded, in dorsal view branches diverging as much as cerci and triangular (Fig. 5a), rather flat, tapering to a slightly inward arched blunt tip, at middle slightly bulging and with rounded depression supapically (Fig. 8b). In lateral view, ventral margin first slanting downward, then at two-fifths from base rising again. Dorsal margin straight at base, then shallowly concave. Apical three-fifths not noticeably thinning (Fig. 6a), apex with a blunt point, hooked inward and upward to form small dorsal tooth.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 62, HW 38.</p>
            <p>Variation in paratype males. In the second Xuan Son male, lateral lobes of labium pale yellow. Dorsal yellow spot on metepisternum somewhat smaller, but distinct. Superior appendages slightly extending beyond epiproct. Nodal index 13–15:17– 13 in FW, 13–10: 11–12 in HW. Male from Yen Bai (Fig. 11b) with lateral lobes of labium largely pale yellow, metepisternum with complete yellow stripe, S1 yellow but for dorso-lateral hairy area, only half-ring of S7 broken dorsally, yellow mark on S9 covering only apical third. Subapical depression of epiproct branches elongated. Nodal index 16–19:20– 16 in FW, 15–14: 14–15 in HW.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 62–66, HW 39–41.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis.  Asiagomphus monticola sp. nov. is very dark species, easily separable from other species occurring in Vietnam by a combination of aspects of coloration and structural characteristics, apart from the similarly dark  A. superciliaris and  A. xanthenatus . The paratype from Yen Bai Province and the types from Xuan Son NP, Phu Tho Prov., differ somewhat in coloration, especially regarding the extent of yellow on the metepisternum, complicating identification. It differs from  A. superciliaris by much less dense hairs on face and body, particularly on the ridge behind the lateral ocelli (compare Fig. 9d with Figs. 9a–c), by the presence of an antehumeral spot, by at least some distinct yellow markings on the metepisternum (compare Figs. 11a–b with Figs. 11c–e), by the apex of the posterior hamulus not being curled, but flat and directed more anteriorly than inward (compare Fig. 4e–f with Fig. 4g –h), and by the differently shaped anterior hamulus, which is not as suddenly constricted below the apex and directed more inwards, not turned outward, and has teeth on the lateral margin of the apex (smooth in  A. superciliaris , compare Fig. 4e with Fig. 4g).  Asiagomphus xanthenatus differs for instance by the shape of the epiproct branches without a median ridge and supapical bowl, and by the slender anterior hamulus in anterior view, with more narrow apex directed posteriorly. The even darker  A. acco lacks yellow halfrings or spots on S3–6, and has a ventral tooth on the cerci, next to other differences. All Chinese, Korean, and Japanese species have a distinct complete antehumeral stripe or, in case they only have an antehumeral spot, have different thorax patterns, and generally have lengthwise dorsal stripes on the abdomen.  Asiagomphus reinhardti is easily identified by the protrusion of the posterior margin of S10 and different cerci (Fig. 6g) in addition to clearly different markings. The western species  A. nilgiricus and  A. personatus have longitudinal markings on the abdomen (Fraser 1925) and  A. odoneli has differently marked S8–9. These species also have different thorax pattern and structural differences.  Asiagomphus auricolor has U-shaped epiproct incision, posterior margin between its branches straight (Fig. 5a), and has a slender apex of the, in anterior view slender, anterior hamulus, with distinct teeth along its apical posterior margin, directed posteriorly (Fig. 4a–b). </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology.  Asiagomphus monticola was found in semi-open terrain, at alt. 1,000–1,100 m, near tracts of good forest, by small streams on cleared land. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB606B8C10FF67D65A1BADFCBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB60748C13FF67D2BB1A48FCDE.text	03C887DB60748C13FF67D2BB1A48FCDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus pacificus (Chao 1953)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus pacificus (Chao, 1953)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4c–d, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8c, 10g –h, 13d)</p>
            <p> Asiagomphus sp.: Wilson (1999) pp. 34–36, figs. 19–20; </p>
            <p> Asiagomphus pacificus: Wilson (2005) pp. 131–132, figs. 14a–d [records from Guangxi, China]; Wilson &amp; Xu (2009) pp. 12– 13, figs. 2a–d [comparison with  A. hainanensis , reappraisal of historic records of  A. hainanensis from Guangdong, China, overview of records from literature]. </p>
            <p>[For extensive overview of literature with records of this species, see Chao (1990), Wilson (1999, 2005) and Wilson &amp; Xu (2009)].</p>
            <p> Material examined: 1 ♂ Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 19-V-2015, TK leg. ;  1 ♀, Bac Kan Prov., northern Vietnam, 24-VI-2014, TK leg. ;  1 ♀, Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 6-VI-2018, TK leg.</p>
            <p> Additional records based on field observations by TK: 4 ♂♂, Cao Bang Prov., northern Vietnam, 19-V- 2015 ;  3 ♂♂, same location, 20-V-2015 ;  1 ♂, same location, 18-VI-2015 ;  20 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, same location, 6-VI-2018 . </p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis. For differences between  Asiagomphus pacificus and  A. hainanensis see the discussion below.  Asiagomphus pacificus can be separated from all other Vietnamese species by the longitudinal markings along the dorsal carina of the S2–6. </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology. In Cao Bang Province the species occurred at a medium-sized river, with sandy and pebbly substrates and larger rocks in a forested valley close to Cao Bang City. Males perched in the sun on larger rocks in the stream or on pebble beaches by the side of the river, whereas females where found perched on vegetation a little removed from the stream. The female in Bac Kan Province was found at a shallow rocky stream, over a pebble substrate in patchy degraded forest between cleared hills close to Ba Be NP, perched over the stream in bushes at head height. In Cao Bang it occurred together with  Asiagomphus acco and in Bac Kan with  A. auricolor . </p>
            <p> Discussion. There has been considerable confusion regarding the identity of two very similar  Asiagomphus species with longitudinal markings along the dorsum of the abdomen that occur in southern China:  A. pacificus and  A. hainanensis . Wilson (1999) recounts the confusion surrounding the identity of  A. hainanensis from Hong Kong described by Asahina, first (1966) as  A. hainanensis and later (1988) reidentified as  A. septimus (Needham, 1930) . Wilson (2005) and Wilson &amp; Xu (2009) discussed the differences between the very similar  A. pacificus and  A. hainanensis , focusing on differences of body structure and patterning: “[  A. pacificus is] very similar to  A. hainanensis Chao , which has more extensive yellow coloration on the sides of the synthorax, a pair of quadrate spots on the labrum and is generally a less robust insect. The labrum of  pacificus is entirely black” (Wilson 2005, p. 132) and “  Asiagomphus pacificus is significantly larger and slightly bulkier species than  A. hainanensis Chao and its males feature a uniformly straight occipital margin without any small spines. Its antehumeral stripe may be complete or interrupted in the middle […] and its labrum is entirely black” (Wilson 2009, p. 13). Based on these differences, Wilson identified specimens from Guangxi and Guangdong as  A. pacificus . Mr. Wen-Chi Yeh (in litt.) pointed out that male specimens from Taiwan of these two species are often difficult to reliably separate, although dorsal stripes in  A. pacificus tend to be more parallel-sided and more weakly connected to the collar, whereas in  A. hainanensis the dorsal stripes are more broadly connected to the collar stripes and attenuate upwards. Their caudal appendages and secondary genitalia are not distinctly different. My observations of other  Asiagomphus species show that the presence or absence of small quadrate spots on the labrum may vary within a species, and so does size. The observed males in Cao Bang Province moreover displayed both parallel-sided dorsal stripes more weakly connected to the collar and more upwardly attenuated dorsal stripes broadly connected to the collar. However, the identity of my specimens, which also have all black labrum, is further supported by the spines adjacent to the lateral ocelli in the females. Mr. Wen-Chi Yeh (in litt.) commented that although the differences between their vulvar laminae do not provide a reliable help to identification, at least in Taiwan females of both species can be reliably separated on the basis of their head structures. Like my specimens,  A. pacificus on Taiwan has one spine between each lateral ocellus and the seam of the compound eye and another at the posterior end of the ridges shielding the lateral ocelli posteriorly. It has therefore four prominent spines around the ocelli. Even though my specimens have a small spine on the occipital ridge not seen in the Taiwanese specimens, this strongly supports the identification of the Vietnamese material as  A. pacificus . This is in line with the conclusion by Wilson (2005) and Wilson &amp; Xu (2009), although they used different characters to support their conclusion, that Chinese material from Guangxi and Guangdong also concerns  A. pacificus . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60748C13FF67D2BB1A48FCDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB60778C16FF67D2981AFEFBB7.text	03C887DB60778C16FF67D2981AFEFBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus reinhardti : Kosterin & Yokoi 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin &amp; Yokoi, 2016</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3g, 5g, 6g, 9f, 12a–f, 13e–f)</p>
            <p> Asiagomphus reinhardti: Kosterin &amp; Yokoi (2016) pp. 35–42, figs. 1–4 [description of holotype male from Cambodia and paratype male from Laos]; Kosterin (2016), pp. 45–46, fig. 38 [photo of male, records from Vietnam]. </p>
            <p> Asiagomphus sp. 1: Yokoi &amp; Souphanthong (2014), p. 15 [species list], p. 37 [scan of male], p. 57 fig. 62 (anal appendages in lateral view], p. 64 note 66 [specimen info], p. 84 [distribution map]. </p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.73/lat 11.72)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.72">Material</a>
                 examined: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ [this female used for description], Bao Loc, Lam Dong Prov., (appr. 11.720 N, 107.730 E), central Vietnam, 17-V-2016, TK leg  ;  1 ♀, K’bang, Gia Lai Prov., (appr. 14.126 N, 108.629 E), central Vietnam, 19-VI-2016, TK leg. ;  2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, same location and collector, 20-VI-2016 ;   1 ♂,  Bao Loc , Lam Dong Prov., 10-V-2017, TK leg. 
            </p>
            <p>  Additional records based on field observations by TK: 2 ♂♂,  Bao Loc , Lam Dong Prov., central Vietnam, 17-V-2016  ;  15 ind., K’bang, Gia Lai Prov., central Vietnam, 19-VI-2016 ; 7 ind., same details as previous, 20-VI- 2016;   5 ind.,  Bao Loc , Lam Dong Prov., central Vietnam, 12-V-2017  ;  4 ♂♂, K’bang, Gia Lai Prov., central Vietnam, 13-V-2017 . </p>
            <p>First description of female (Figs. 9f, 12e)</p>
            <p>Head. Lateral lobes of labium pale yellow, median lobe dark brown. Labrum black with two small pale yellow spots on either side of middle towards superior margin. Anteclypeus blackish brown. Postclypeus black. Base of mandibles yellow. Postfrons with broad yellow stripe, extending downward to cover the dorsal margin of the otherwise black antefrons. Posterior edge of postfrons black. Cranium black, lateral ocelli connected by a raised ridge, which does not continue posteriorly of ocelli. Lateral ocelli with slightly raised ridge along outer side, which has distinct single spike between ocelli and compound eye at distal end (Fig. 9f). Spikes as high as widest width of ocelli. Occiput black, grooved lengthwise and slightly concave, occipital ridge with sparse and short black hairs and raised centrally into low triangular point. Antennae black, but top of first segment pale.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Prothorax with anterior lobe yellow but black laterally, and median lobe with small yellow central paired spots and pair of square lateral spots, posterior lobe with small yellow central spot. Synthorax black with yellow markings as follows: Mesepisternum with dorsal stripe, straight, rather broad, merging with collar stripe to form two inverted “7” shapes. A small antehumeral spot and hint of antehumeral stripe towards ventral end of humeral suture. Black mesepimeron with straight broad lateral stripe. Metepisternum black with small yellow spot at postero-dorsal corner and another tiny and indistinct yellow mark in the middle near posterior margin. Metepimeron almost completely pale yellow, but black stripe over metapleural suture. Coxae and legs black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black with yellow markings as follows: S1 almost completely yellow, dorso-laterally black with black hairs; S2 yellow apart from blackish smudge at postero-ventral corner and black mark at postero-dorsal margin, covering about one-third of dorsum; S3 with triangular baso-lateral spot; S4–7 with short antero-dorsal half-ring, dorsally constricted on S4–6 and most prominent on S7; S8 with thin yellow line along dorso-lateral anterior margin, interrupted along dorsum; S9 with large yellow marking on posterior fourth dorsally; S10 with longitudinal yellow dorsal stripe over posterior half. S7–9 markedly widened.</p>
            <p>Vulvar lamina. Somewhat longer than wide, deeply incised to about halfway, the posterior halves bend upward, apices bluntly triangular and somewhat divaricate.</p>
            <p>Wings. Hyaline with black veins. Cubito-anal space with one crossvein, all triangles uncrossed, nodal index 14–17:16– 15 in FW, 13–11: 11–14 in HW. Pt brown, 4 mm, covering 5–5.5 cells in FW and 4.5–5 in HW.</p>
            <p>Anal appendages. Cerci conical, sharply pointed apically, in lateral view straight, in dorsal view somewhat bent inward apically. Basally and laterally blackish, dorsally whitish but apex black. Epiproct pale yellow.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 58, HW 39.</p>
            <p>Variation in females. One female from Gia Lai (Fig. 12d) with lateral lobes of labium blackish brown, labrum all black. Spikes near compound eye seam reduced to small knob and protrusion of occipital ridge reduced to shallowly angular profile. Thorax with tiny antehumeral spot left, right antehumeral spot somewhat elongated, as indication of antehumeral line, metepisternum without central yellow spot, but right with small yellow mark behind spiracle. S1 with more black dorsally, black mark at postero-dorsal margin of S2 continuing anteriorly to form two black ‘fingers’ extending along yellow dorsal stripe almost to the anterior margin. Yellow longitudinal line over S10 starting at anterior margin and almost covering complete segment. Second Gia Lai female (Fig. 12c) similarly with spikes reduced to tiny knob, but triangular spike on occipital ridge present. Labrum with more prominent pale yellow spots. Lateral marks on median lobe of prothorax more prominent. Thorax with narrow, but distinct, complete antehumeral stripe. Metepisternum with three separate large yellow markings on posterior half, one dorsally, one in the middle and one near spiracle. S2 without blackish mark ventrally and ‘fingers’ of dorsal posterior mark extending only to middle. S8 with a pair of yellow lateral spots towards posterior margin laterally. Yellow mark on S9 covering posterior third of segment and yellow longitudinal line over S10 covering complete segment. Cerci completely pale yellow and epiproct bright yellow. Wings in both specimens slightly smoky towards apices. Slight variation in venation. One specimen 14–17:17–13 / 14– 12:12–14, the other 15–18:18–13 / 12–12:11–13. Pt 4.5 mm in one specimen, covering 6 cells in HW.</p>
            <p>Measurement (in mm): Total length (incl. appendages) 57–59, HW 37–38.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis. Not all females of  Asiagomphus species are known, but the female of  A. reinhardti has several remarkable characteristics.2 Structurally the most prominent is the lack of the connection between the ridge that connects the lateral ocelli and the margin of the compound eyes. In most female  Asiagomphus the ridge continues prominently behind the lateral ocelli and is often adorned with spikes. Other features that support the identification are the yellow lines along the anterior margin of S8 and the longitudinal mid-dorsal line over S10. </p>
            <p> 2. At both the localities where specimens were collected and additionally observed, in Lam Dong Prov. and in Gia Lai Prov., no other  Asiagomphus species were present. Some males and females were seen mating. </p>
            <p>Variation in Vietnamese males. One male from Bao Loc with completely black labrum. The small swelling at the middle of the occiput is missing in three males and slight in one. None of the four Vietnamese males have either an antehumeral spot or antehumeral stripe, and three have completely black metepisternum, the fourth with a tiny yellow mark towards the postero-dorsal corner. In one male the postero-lateral spots on S8 are lacking and the yellow lines along the anterior margin minimal, in one male the postero-lateral spots are almost imperceptible (Fig. 12a), and in the remaining two these spots are obvious. However, one male photographed, but not collected, has a prominent antehumeral stripe and an irregular line over the metepisternum (Fig. 13e), and another has an antehumeral spot (Fig. 13f).</p>
            <p>Habitat and ecology. Near Bao Loc in Lam Dong Province, the species was found at a sandy-bottomed stream, at well over alt. 1,000 m in a partly opened primary forest area. The stream contained many rocks under forest cover, but was more sandy and shallow next to a cleared area, which was where males congregated and females were observed ovipositing. Near K’Bang in Gia Lai Province, the species was abundant at a small stream at approximately alt. 450 m with muddy and sandy bottom that ran through an area with larger cobbles and stones. The stream ran through a logged forested area and at this point crossed a track before continuing along a coffee plantation.</p>
            <p> Discussion.  Asiagomphus reinhardti was described by Kosterin &amp; Yokoi (2016) based upon single males from Cambodia and Laos. The remarkable extension of the posterior margin of S10 and the shape of the anal appendages make this a unique species within the genus (Kosterin &amp; Yokoi 2016) and easy to identify. </p>
            <p> It is remarkable that an  Asiagomphus species with such distinctive features would have gone unnoticed in the Central Highland region of Vietnam until know, because for instance the Bao Loc area is relatively well-sampled. However, with its discovery by the author at two separate sites about 400 km distant from each other (reported in Kosterin 2016) this distinctive species is now known to occur over quite a large area covering the southeastern corner of Laos, eastern Cambodia and the Central Highlands from Vietnam. </p>
            <p>The males from Cambodia and Laos differed in the extent of yellow patterning (for instance presence versus absence of the antehumeral stripes, or presence or absence of yellow spots on the metepisternum), with the Laotian male being generally darker than the Cambodian one. The Vietnamese material is even more diverse, including males that lack yellow spots on the labrum, lack antehumeral spots and have no yellow postero-lateral marks on S8, next to specimens with for instance complete antehumeral stripe.</p>
            <p>The shape of the female occiput (Fig. 9f) is also remarkable. This possibly unique feature may be connected to the remarkable shape of the male appendages and posterior margin of S10 to allow pairing.</p>
            <p> The variation found in both the males and females of this species should serve as a warning when describing or identifying  Asiagomphus specimens. The three female specimens already display quite a range in color patterns and structural characters (presence or absence of antehumeral stripe, extent of yellow on metepisternum, labrum with or without yellow marks, cerci varying from blackish in lateral view to completely pale yellow, presence or absence of prominent spikes on occiput and occipital ridge). Several species in the genus have been described based on single specimens that differed in some of these possibly variable characters. The presence or absence of longitudinal markings along the abdomen, or presence of half-rings, appears to be much more consistent. In many species, the thorax markings are also much more stable than in others. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60778C16FF67D2981AFEFBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB60728C18FF67D5BD1B4AFEC2.text	03C887DB60728C18FF67D5BD1B4AFEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus superciliaris Kompier 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus superciliaris sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4g –h, 5c, 6c, 7c, g, 8e, 9a–c, 11c–e)</p>
            <p> Material examined: Holotype ♀, Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., (appr. 21.686 N. 106.376 E), 01-V-2014, TK leg.</p>
            <p> Paratypes. 1 ♂, Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., 24-V-2014, TK leg. ;  1 ♂, Bac Kan Prov., 5-IV-2015, TK leg.</p>
            <p> Additional records based on field observations by TK: 5 ♂♂, Huu Lien NR, Lang Son Prov., 24-V-2014 ;  1 ♂, Bac Kan Prov., 5-IV-2015 . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  superciliaris , an adjective in the genitive case, refers to the heavy “eyebrows” formed by the ridge behind the lateral ocelli, which are covered in long thick hairs. </p>
            <p>Description of holotype (Figs. 4g –h, 5c, 6c, 7c, g, 8e, 9a, 11c)</p>
            <p>Head. Lateral lobes of labium pale yellow laterally, median lobe black. Labrum black. Anteclypeus blackish brown, somewhat paler in the middle. Postclypeus black. Base of mandibles pale yellow. Postfrons with broad yellow stripe, extending downward to cover the dorsal margin of the otherwise black antefrons. Posterior edge of postfrons black. Cranium black, lateral ocelli with a raised ridge posteriorly covered in thick black hairs (Fig. 9a). Occiput black, smooth but slightly raised centrally, occipital ridge with dense long black hairs. Antennae black, but top of first segment pale.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Prothorax with anterior lobe yellow but black laterally, and median lobe with small yellow central spot and pair of small lateral spots. Synthorax black with yellow markings as follows: Mesepisternum with dorsal stripe, straight, merging with collar stripe to form two inverted “7” shapes. No antehumeral spot or antehumeral stripe. Blackish brown mesepimeron with straight broad lateral stripe. Mesokatepisternum blackish with small yellow spot. Metepisternum blackish brown with almost imperceptibly paler brown spot at postero-dorsal corner. Metakatepisternum blackish brown with diffuse small pale brown spot. Mesepimeron almost completely pale yellow, but black stripe over metapleural suture. Coxae blackish brown and legs all black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black with yellow markings as follows: S1 with some yellow along ventral margin, brownish laterally shading to dorsal half black, center of dorsum yellow; dorso-laterally and laterally covered in long black hairs; S2 with yellow auricle, yellow along venter, which extends upward laterally before black posterior margin, and with yellow central line dorsally; S3 with triangular antero-ventral spot and short antero-dorsal stripe; S4–6 with short antero-dorsal half-ring, broken laterally on S4; S7 with large antero-dorsal half-ring; S9 dorsally with large yellow marking on posterior fourth. S7–9 markedly widened.</p>
            <p>Accessory genitalia (Figs. 4g –h). Anterior hamulus dark reddish brown, about 4x longer than wide, apical fourth strongly constricted, apex scoop-shaped, directed backwards and outwards, somewhat curved posteriorly at apex, with tiny teeth at distal margin, and with long hairs extending from broader base internally (Fig. 4g). Posterior hamulus black, robust, in lateral view a little more than twice the length of visible part of anterior hamulus, base smooth, lateral surface concave at one third from base, somewhat rugged and with long hairs, curving inwards at apical part, apex additionally curved anteriorly to form curled hook, not well visible in lateral view. Anterior margin of posterior hamulus smooth in lateral view (Figs. 4g –h).</p>
            <p> Vesica spermalis . Flagellum extending well beyond somewhat slender median process of apical segment, tip of flagellum short, directed downward at 45 degree angle. </p>
            <p>Wings. Hyaline with black veins, minimally smoky. Anal triangle 3-celled, cubito-anal space with one crossvein, all triangles uncrossed, nodal index 11–15:16– 12 in FW, 12–11: 10–12 in HW. Pt brown, 3.5 mm, covering 4.5 cells in FW and 3.5 in HW.</p>
            <p>Anal appendages (Figs. 5c, 6c, 7c, 8e). Black. Cerci simple, unbranched, diverging in dorsal view and apically tapering to a posteriorly directed point (Fig. 5c), in lateral view minimally curved downward, apically inflicted posteriorly to form sharp tip, in length cerci approximately 1.2x length of S10, as long as epiproct (Fig. 6c). Epiproct deeply triangularly incised (Fig. 7c), in dorsal view branches diverging slightly more than cerci and triangular, rather flat, tapering to a slightly inward arched blunt tip, at middle slightly bulging and with elongated lengthwise depression supapically (Fig. 8e). In lateral view ventral margin first slanting downward, then at twofifths from base rising again, apical three-fifths thinner than basal two-fifths, and thinning somewhat towards apex. Dorsal margin slightly convex at base, then shallowly concave. Apex tapering to blunt point, hooked inward and upward to form small dorsal tooth (Fig. 6c).</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 57, HW 33.</p>
            <p>Variation in paratype males. Mesokatepisternum completely black in one male and metakatepisternum all dark brown in the other. Both other males S3 with antero-basal ring instead of lateral triangle and antero-dorsal stripe, S4–7 with large antero-dorsal spot, interrupted dorsally. Epiproct of Huu Lien paratype (Figs. 7g, 9b, 11e) not v-shaped, but more roundly incised (Fig. 7g). Bac Kan paratype (Figs. 9c, 11d) with two large yellow lateral spots near dorsal margin of labrum. S1–2 with reduced yellow. Huu Lien paratype nodal index 14–16:16– 13 in FW 12–11: 11–13 in HW. Bac Kan paratype 14–17:17– 14 in FW and 13–12:12– 12 in HW.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Total length (incl. appendages) 57–62, HW 36.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis.  Asiagomphus superciliaris sp. nov. is a very dark species, easily separable from other species occurring in Vietnam by aspects of coloration and structural characteristics, apart from the similar  A. monticola and  A. xanthenatus . It can be separated from these two by the dense hairs on its face, densely covering the ridge behind the lateral ocelli (compare Figs. 9a–c with Fig. 9d), by the typical curled tips of the posterior hamulus and suddenly constricted and scoop-shaped anterior hamulus (compare Figs. 4g –h with Figs. 3e–f, 4e–f), and from  A. monticola by the lack of an antehumeral spot and all black metepisternum. The even darker  A. acco lacks yellow half-rings or spots on S3–6, and has a ventral tooth on the cerci (Fig. 6h), next to other differences. All Chinese, Korean, and Japanese species have a distinct complete antehumeral stripe or, rarely, at least an antehumeral spot, and generally have lengthwise dorsal stripes on the abdomen, or have different thorax patterns.  Asiagomphus reinhardti is easily identified by the protrusion of the posterior margin of S10 and different cerci, in addition to differences in thorax and abdomen pattern. The western species  A. nilgiricus and  A. personatus have longitudinal markings on the abdomen (Fraser 1925) and  A. odoneli has differently marked S8–9. These species also have different thorax pattern and structural differences.  Asiagomphus auricolor has different color pattern in addition to structural differences, like different posterior hamulus (not curled at apex), and lacks the extreme hairy aspect of the face, in particular on the ridges behind the lateral ocelli. </p>
            <p> Habitat and ecology.  Asiagomphus superciliaris was found in Huu Lien NR at a small stream with sandy substrate, about a meter deep in places, bordering grazed grassland on one side, and bushes at the foot of karst mountains at the other. It occurred here with  A. auricolor , but whereas that species apparently preferred to sit on bushes along the stream,  A. superciliaris often perched on rocks in the stream. The altitude here is only a few hundred meters asl. In Bac Kan it was observed in hilly country, approximately alt. 400 m, on a stream with pebbly and sandy substrate, where it occurred with  A. auricolor and a single female  A. pacificus . This stream ran through heavily degraded forest fragments. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB60728C18FF67D5BD1B4AFEC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
03C887DB607C8C1BFF67D0BC18E2F86D.text	03C887DB607C8C1BFF67D0BC18E2F86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiagomphus xanthenatus (Williamson 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Asiagomphus xanthenatus (Williamson, 1907)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3e–f, 5e, 6e, 7e, 10d, 12g)</p>
            <p> Asiagomphus sp.: Asahina (1986a), pp. 29–31, figs. 1–6 [females]. </p>
            <p> Asiagomphus xanthenatus: Asahina (1986b) , pp. 9–14, figs. 13–25 [description of Thai specimens]; Yokoi &amp; Souphanthong (2014), p. 37 [scan of male], p. 57 fig. 61 [anal appendages in lateral view], p. 84 [distribution map]. </p>
            <p> Asiagomphus xanthenatus malayanus: Karube (1990) , pp. 21–24, figs. 1–10 [description of dark subspecies and female from Malaysia]. </p>
            <p> Gomphus personatus: Fraser (1925) , p. 658–660 [inclusion of  G. xanthenatus as junior synonym]. </p>
            <p> Gomphus sp.: Asahina (1981), p. 10 [record of female]. </p>
            <p> Gomphus xanthenatus: Williamson (1907) , p. 303, fig. 11 [thorax pattern], pp. 305–308, fig. 33 [anal appendages and secondary genitalia]; Laidlaw (1922), p. 398 [short description]. </p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.833/lat 15.583)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.583">Material</a>
                 examined: 1 ♂, along road AH17, Quang Nam Prov. (appr. 15.583 N, 107.833 E), 15-V-2016, TK leg. 
            </p>
            <p> Additional records based on field observations by TK: 2 ♂♂, along road AH17, Quang Nam Prov. (appr. 15.583 N, 107.833 E), 15-V-2016.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis. The details of the shape of the secondary genitalia and anal appendages (Figs. 3e–f, 5e, 6e, 7e) in combination with the black metepisternum help to separate this taxon from all other Vietnamese species.</p>
            <p>Habitat and ecology. Three males were found in close proximity of each other perched on rocks in a mediumsized open stream, or low on bushes and shrubs by the side of the stream, the stream coming down from a forested valley with heavily logged forest, crossing a main road.</p>
            <p> Discussion.  Asiagomphus xanthenatus was described as  Gomphus xanthenatus by Williamson from Burma (present day Myanmar). Fraser (1925) included  G. xanthenatus (=  Asiagomphus xanthenatus ) in  G. personatus Selys, 1973 (=  Asiagomphus personatus ), because he perceived the differences in thorax pattern to be part of a cline and therefore no basis for separation. Possibly the similarity in structure of appendages of these species, at a time when few representatives of the current genus  Asiagomphus and the difficulty to separate them were known, led Fraser to this conclusion. But Williamson had given a detailed description of the abdomen pattern of his  G. xanthenatus , which was clearly a ‘ringed’ species, rather than a species characterised by a longitudinal pattern on the abdomen (as is  Asiagomphus personatus ). Asahina (1981, 1986a) published several female  Asiagomphus specimens from Thailand as  Asiagomphus sp.. Subsequently he received a male specimen, which he identified as  A. xanthenatus . He then published as  A. xanthenatus both this male, additional females, and the females formerly only identified as  Asiagomphus sp. Although all these specimens were collected from Thailand, they came from a variety of locations, with only the male collected from Thung Yai in Kanchanaburi Province (Asahina 1986b). This raises some doubt whether these specimens all belong to the same species, even if they share similar abdomen pattern. In Vietnam, at least five other species occur with a ringed abdomen. Asahina (1986b) pointed out the differences between  A. personatus and  A. xanthenatus , supporting the point of view that both are bona species. On the other hand, Asahina did not compare his Thai male to type material of  A. xanthenatus , but based himself on the similarity between both the description and the illustrations provided by Williamson (1907). Although his conclusion seems warranted, it remains possible that eventually  A. xanthenatus sensu Asahina and  A. xanthenatus sensu Williamson turn out to be different. Here, I follow the interpretation by Asahina that his male specimen from Thung Yai is  A. xanthenatus . </p>
            <p> The Vietnamese male from Quang Nam shares with  A. xanthenatus the widely divaricate superior appendages and epiproct branches (Figs. 5e, 7e, 12g), the serrated anterior edge of the posterior hamulus (Fig. 3e), paired yellow spots on the labrum, large yellow basal ring on S3 and basal half-rings on S4–7, large yellow postero-dorsal mark on S9 and small yellow lateral spots at posterior margin of S8 (Fig. 12g). It differs by the absence of an antehumeral spot. Karube (1990) described almost identical specimens from Malaysia as a separate subspecies,  A. x. malayanus . His material also lacks antehumeral spots or stripes and has largely black (sometimes completely so) metepisternum. However, labrum and S8 are all black. </p>
            <p> Yokoi &amp; Souphanthong (2014) recorded  A. xanthenatus widely from Laos, although not as far south as the latitude of Quang Nam. The scan of a male included in their book (p. 37) appears to have a tiny antehumeral spot and small yellow markings on the metepisternum in line with Williamson (1907). It seems reasonable to conclude that the Vietnamese male is well within the range of variability of this rather dark species. </p>
            <p> Reels &amp; Zhang (2015, pp. 274–275) illustrate an  Asiagomphus species from Hainan as  Asiagomphus sp. cf  A. xanthenatus . It is very similar in outward appearance to both  A. xanthenatus and  A. superciliaris . Abdominal markings are particularly close to the individual of  A. superciliaris illustrated in Fig. 11d., but the frontal view of the head (p. 275) shows yellow spots on the labrum, absent in  A. superciliaris . In view of the otherwise tropical distribution of  A. xanthenatus , it is worth investigating the possibility their  Asiagomphus sp. cf  A. xanthenatus concerns  A. superciliaris . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887DB607C8C1BFF67D0BC18E2F86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kompier, Tom	Kompier, Tom (2018): The genus Asiagomphus in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, and first descriptions of the male of Asiagomphus auricolor (Fraser, 1926) and of the female of Asiagomphus reinhardti Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 4462 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.1
