taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CB8810FFB9841B738706002E0BCF89.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954, by original designation.	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
03CB8810FFB9841B738706002E0BCF89.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In hind wing, costal space extremely broad, with numerous crossveins arranged mainly in several gradate series; ScP and RA connected distally by relatively long crossvein; R then basal part of RP very stout; posterior trace of RA with three long distal anteriorly-directed branches; RA space very narrow; branches of RP deeply dichotomously branched; RP 1 – RP 6 stout proximally; RP 1 shallowly forked; M forked basally, only slightly distad origin of RP 1; CuA strongly pectinately branched, with very oblique branches; CuP with three long, very oblique branches; many crossveins in radial to cubital spaces arranged mainly in irregular gradate series. Species included. Type species only.	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
03CB8810FFB9841B738706002E0BCF89.taxon	discussion	Comments. The venation of the hind wing of Grammapsychops is most similar to those of two Cretaceous genera, i. e., Pulchroptilonia Martins-Neto, 1997 and Embaneura Zalessky, 1953. Zalessky (1953) interpreted the only known wing of E. vachrameevi as a forewing, but judging from its venation this is most probably a hind wing. Unfortunately, this cannot be verified due to the current depository of the holotype of E. vachrameevi Zalessky, 1953 being unknown. Grammapsychops easily differs from these genera by the presence of numerous crossveins in the costal space of the hind wing (no crossveins are present in Pulchroptilonia and Embaneura). The hind wing of Grammapsychops is also similar to that of Alloepipsychopsis Makarkin et al., 2012 from the Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) Yixian Formation, but the latter has its RP 1 deeply forked. The hind wing venation of other genera of Psychopsidae (and Osmylopsychopidae) is dissimilar to that of Grammapsychops. Unfortunately, however, the hind wings are not known in all fossil genera of these families.	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
03CB8810FFBA841E73870285295FCB78.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
03CB8810FFBA841E73870285295FCB78.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen PIN 846 / 1 - 2 (part only), collected by Ivan V. Lebedev in 1951. An incomplete hind wing. Type locality and horizon. Russia: Krasnoyarsk Region: District of Pirovskoe: right bank of the Kem’ River (left tributary of Yenisey River), ca. 5 km upstream from the mouth of the Belaya River [57.971372 ° N 92.230036 ° E]; exposure 0 92, horizon 3. Late Cretaceous: Cenomanian (Simonovo Formation).	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
03CB8810FFBA841E73870285295FCB78.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Martynova (1954) interpreted this wing as the left forewing, and she believed that its posterior margin is preserved (actually, it is not preserved, possibly inwardly folded). Based on this assumption, she designated veins accordingly and incorrectly, i. e., her M is actually five proximal branches of RP; Cu (CuA and CuP) is M (MA and MP); A 1 is Cu (CuA and CuP); and A 2 is AA 1. The venation of the holotype shows that this is a hind wing because its CuA is clearly concave. Also, M is forked very proximally and the anterior trace of AA 1 is proximally parallel to the posterior trace of CuP, which are more characteristic of the hind wing than of the forewing. Martynova believed that the margins of the broad basal part of the vein R, then RP, are two parallel thin veins, i. e., R, then RP, and M in her interpretation (see Martynova 1954: Fig. 1). So, she considered ‘ M’ running to the wing base as a separate vein and deeply forked into five branches (my RP 1 to RP 5). However, it is clearly visible that the basal parts of R and RP are broad and no break of RP between the origins of RP 1 and RP 6 exists (Fig. 2 B). The costal space of this wing is very broad assuming that it might be a forewing. However, the costal space of the hind wing of Cretapsychops decipiens Peng et al., 2010 is similarly configured to that of Grammapsychops lebedevi: it is very broad, wider than that of the forewing, and proximally more dilated than distally (see Peng et al. 2010: Fig. 3). Also, the costal spaces of the hind wing of Pulchroptilonia espatifata are configured rather similarly (see Martins-Neto 1997: Figs 8 A, B).	en	Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2018): Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524 (5): 581-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5
