taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CB87FE343BFF82FF67FA06FDFD2472.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 2, 18, 28, 29 a, 30 a, 31 f)	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE343BFF82FF67FA06FDFD2472.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): 1 ♂, “ Holotypus pygmaea Holik ” / “ Type ” / “ Kansu mer. Peilingshan Taupingfluss 2500 m Mai ” / “ 577. ” / “ ex coll. Kotzsch 6 / 58 ” / “ S. sybillinus pygmaea Holik abgebildet: Gross 1958 [1959] Bonner Zool. Beitr. Tafel II; Fig. 6 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153451 ” (ZFMK); paralectotypes: 1 ♂, “ Paratypus pygmaea Holik ” / “ Co-Type ” / “ Kansu mer. Peilingshan Taupingfluss 3200 m. Juni ” / “ 582. ” / “ ex coll. Kotzsch 6 / 58 ” / “ S. sybillinus pygmaea Holik abgebildet: Gross 1958 [1959] Bonner Zool. Beitr. Tafel II; Fig. 7 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153452 ” (ZFMK); 3 ♂♂, paralectotypes of A. pygmaea, same collecting data (ZFMK); photo: 1 ♂, “ Kansu mer. Peilingshan Taupingfluss 3200 m. Juli ” / “ Co-Type ” / “ Coll. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden ” / “ pygmaea Holik, 1949 SYNTYPUS Y. Nekrutenko det. 12.09.2000 ” / “ Staudinger Ankauf 1948 ” / “ 21. ” / “ G A R T specimen ID: 02443 ” (MTDG); 1 ♀, ditto / “ 22. ” / “ G A R T specimen ID: 02444 ” (MTDG); Photo, 1 ♂, ditto / “ Stauding. u. Bang-Haas Dresden, Ankauf 1961 ” / “ G A R T specimen ID: 02445 ” (MTDG).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE343BFF82FF67FA06FDFD2472.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aulocera pygmaea can be distinguished from A. sybillina by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the forewing upperside, the male brand is more or less weaker; 2) on the male forewing upperside, the white postdiscal spots are smaller; 3) on the hindwing upperside, the white discal band is very narrow and often becomes vestigial as a series of discrete dots, whereas it is well-developed and continous in A. sybillina; 4) the androconia (Fig. 31 f) are overall shorter and basally narrower than those of A. sybillina (Figs. 31 a – c); 5) in the male genitalia, the valva (Fig. 30 a) is obviously shorter than that of A. sybillina (Figs. 30 e – h). The differential diagnosis with A. longanfua is provided below in the corresponding section.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE343BFF82FF67FA06FDFD2472.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description, Holik listed 15 males and 3 females in the type series, but the holotype was not designated, hence all 18 specimens are syntypes. However, Gross (1959: 271) stated “ Tafel II … 6. Satyrus sybillinus pygmaea Holik ♂ Holotypus, Peilingshan (coll. Museum Koenig) ” in the figure legends of his work, and it seems that Gross has designated a lectotype for this taxon according to the Article 74.5 of ICZN (1999) under the circumstance of wrongly using the term “ holotype ”. However Gross’s designation is in fact, invalid, since he only mentioned and illustrated a male as “ Holotypus ” and did not unambiguously select that specimen as lectotype (Lamas, pers. comm.). Gross’s action is merely a reproduction of the information from the type label, very probably the result of being misled by the pink type label pinned under that syntype. The origin of the specimens held in ZFMK was a mystery since Gross (1959) did not illustrate the labels of that “ lectotype ” nor reproduce more information beside the type status and collecting data. It is clear that the syntype series studied by Holik came from the former collections of O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas since, in his introduction, Holik (1949) stated “ Bei der Sichtung und Neuordnung der umfangreichen Doublettenbestaende der Fa. Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas und dem Studieren der Sammlung des verstorbenen Dr. O. Staudinger ergab sich die Tatsache … (When reviewing and rearranging the extensive duplicate stocks of the Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas and studying the collection of the late Dr. O. Staudinger the fact arose …) ”. The examination of the specimens held in ZFMK reveals that the “ holotypus ” mentioned by Gross (1959), as stated above, bears a printed label “ ex coll. Kotzsch 6 / 58 ”, indicating this specimen was part of the former Kotzsch collection. As public data indicate, Hans Kotzsch took over the Palaearctic butterfly collection of the Staudinger & Bang-Haas company, thus this label proves that this specimen, as well as the four other specimens of this taxon housed in ZFMK, belonged to the Staudinger & Bang-Haas collections before being included in the Kotzsch collection. Another evidence is that all the specimens held in ZFMK have the same style of collecting data label (Figs. 28 a – b) as those held in MTDG (Fig. 28 c) which were determined by Yuri Nekrutenko as belonging to the syntype series of the taxon. Thus, this specimen, which was mentioned as the “ Holotypus ” in Gross (1959) and bears the unique institutional number ZFMK Lep 153451, is part of the 18 syntype specimens studied by Holik and eligible for becoming a lectotype. Hence hereby we formally designated this specimen (Figs. 1, 28 a, 29 a, 30 a 1, 31 f 1) as the lectotype of Satyrus sybillina pygmaea Holik, 1949. The specific status of Aulocera pygmaea (Holik) and its assignment to the pumilus - group can finally be confirmed after studying the type series. As a result, it is clear that A. longanfua does not belong to the pumilus - group which includes A. pygmaea.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE343BFF82FF67FA06FDFD2472.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (S. E. Gansu).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3438FF83FF67F986FDFC23AA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Holotype of Aulocera atunsensis [sic] vadimi Lang, China: Sichuan, Pingwu, Huangtu-liang Pass, 3300 m, 30. VII. 2018, leg. S. Y. Lang (CQMNH); paratypes: 5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, Paratypes of Aulocera atunsensis [sic] vadimi Lang, same collecting data (LSY).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3438FF83FF67F986FDFC23AA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This subspecies can be separated from the nominate one by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the forewing upperside the male brand is less prominent than that in the nominate subspecies; 2) the hindwing white discal band in spaces 1 b to 3 on both sides is somewhat curved, whereas it is nearly straight in the nominate subspecies; 3) the upper half of the lamina of the androconium (Fig. 31 e) is wider than in the nominate subspecies (Fig. 31 f). The differential diagnosis with Aulocera longanfua is given in the diagnosis section of the latter, below.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3438FF83FF67F986FDFC23AA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the type localites of Aulocera pygmaea vadimi and the nominate subspecies are not far away from each other, their habitats are two isolated summits which means gene flow between the two populations is unlikely. Considering the morphological differences between the two taxa, this subspecies is retained as valid.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3438FF83FF67F986FDFC23AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (N. Sichuan).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3439FF83FF67FDBEFDD52578.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 – 11, 13, 14, 29 c, 30 c, 31 g)	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3439FF83FF67FDBEFDD52578.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♂, “ Holotypus atuntsensis Gross ” / “ A-tun-tse (Nord-Yünnan) Obere Höhe ca. 4500 m 30.7 1937. H. Höne ” / “ Genital - Präparat: Gross Nr. 54 ” / “ S. pumilus ssp. atuntsensis m abgebildet: Gross 1958 [1959] Bonner Zool. Beitr. Tafel I; Figur 15 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153457 ” (ZFMK); paratypes: 1 ♀, “ Allotypus atuntsensis Gross ” / “ A-tun-tse (Nord-Yünnan) Obere Höhe ca. 4500 m 30.7 1937. H. Höne ” / “ S. pumilus ssp. atuntsensis m abgebildet: Gross 1958 [1959] Bonner Zool. Beitr. Tafel I; Figur 16 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153519 ” (ZFMK); 1 ♂, “ Paratypus atuntsensis Gross ” / “ A-tun-tse (Nord-Yünnan) Obere Höhe ca. 4500 m 30.7 1937. H. Höne ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153518 ” (ZFMK); 35 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ of paratypes of A. atuntsensis, same collecting data (ZFMK); 1 ♂, “ Paratypus atuntsensis Gross ” / “ Li-kiang. (China). Provinz Nord-Yuennan. 5.8 1935. H. Höne. ” / “ Genital - Präparat: Gross Nr. 55 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153458 ” (ZFMK).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3439FF83FF67FDBEFDD52578.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aulocera atuntsensis has been treated as a subspecies of A. pygmaea by Lang (2021, 2022), but it can be separated from the latter by the combination of the following characters: 1) in the male, the white markings on the upperside of both wings are generally better developed than those of A. pygmaea; 2) on the hindwing the white discal band in the spaces 1 b to 3 on both sides is somewhat curved, whereas it is nearly straight in A. pygmaea; 3) the lamina of the androconium (Fig. 31 g) is generally thicker than that of A. pygmaea (Fig. 31 f); 4) the male valva (Fig. 30 c) narrows gradually towards its distal end, whereas it is nearly even in width throughout in A. pygmaea (Fig. 30 a).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3439FF83FF67FDBEFDD52578.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Considering the differences mentioned in the diagnosis above, this taxon is restored to specific status. In the paratype series, a single male was found collected from “ Li-kiang, Nord-Yuennan (Lijiang, N. Yunnan) ” different from the type locality “ A-tun-tse (Nord-Yünnan) ” where all the other specimens were collected. The genitalia of this individual were examined by Gross (1959), and the androconia were examined by the junior author. Both the genitalia and androconia fall in the range of Aulocera atuntsensis from A-tun-tse. The only difference between this individual and the rest of the type series is that the white markings on the upperside of both wings are more reduced in the former. Among the 37 male specimens of atuntsensis from A-tun-tse, including the holotype, only one male has a wing pattern close to the one from Li-kiang.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3439FF83FF67FDBEFDD52578.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (N. W. Yunnan).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FB2BFD8F25BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Photo: 1 ♀, holotype of Paroeneis auloceroides Huang, China: S. E. Tibet, Pai, 4000 m, 4. IX. 1995, leg. H. Huang (QDEC).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FB2BFD8F25BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. According to Huang (2001), it (the female holotype) is “ close to ssp. atuntsensis [actually compared with the female of A. melanoleuca stat. nov. from Demu-la Pass, Zayu] but differs in the much broader and more conjoined discal bands ”.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FB2BFD8F25BA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aulocera atuntsensis and A. melanoleuca stat. nov. are allopatric in addition to morphological differences mentioned above. For the same reason, it is not appropriate to retain the taxon auloceroides as a subspecies of A. pygmaea since, in the female, the same degree of differences can be found. Hence its specific status is restored. This species is still only known from the unique female holotype. Therefore, we were unable to determine its relationship with A. melanoleuca stat. nov., whose habitat is about 200 km to the east. Hence, it is possible that melanoleuca is merely an eastern subspecies or even a junior synonym of auloceroides, pending further study.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FB2BFD8F25BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (S. E. Tibet).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FF6FFCF626DE.taxon	description	(Figs. 12, 15, 30 i, 31 h)	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FF6FFCF626DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♂, China: Tibet, Zayu, E. of Demu-la Pass, 12. VIII. 2017, leg. H. Huang, ex. H. Huang (LSY); 1 ♀, ditto, Demu-la Pass, 12. VIII. 2000, leg. H. Huang, ex. H. Huang (LSY).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FF6FFCF626DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aulocera melanoleuca stat. nov. can be separated from its closest relative, A. atuntsensis, by the combination of the following characters: 1) in the male, on the forewing upperside, the white postdiscal spots are always shorter; 2) on the hindwing upperside, the white discal spot in space 5 is more protruding towards the termen; 3) the androconia (Fig. 31 h) are obviously shorter; 4) the valva (Fig. 30 i) has its distal half broader; 5) in the female, the discal spots on the upperside of both wings are narrower and loosely arranged.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FF6FFCF626DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the population of melanoleuca from the type locality has not been examined, Sakai et al. (2001) illustrated its androconia which are obviously shorter than those of the type series of atuntsensis, while the androconia of melanoleuca illustrated by Sakai et al. (2001) are identical in the overall length to those from Demu-la Pass (in Zayu, Tibet). Even though Huang (2001) and Lang (2021, 2022) all treated the population from Demu-la Pass as the taxon atuntsensis, the Tibetan population can be easily separated from the true A. atuntsensis by the characters given in the diagnosis above. Moreover, Demu-la Pass is close to Kakarbo Razi, N. Kachin, the type locality of melanoleuca, and the distance is only about 110 km. Therefore, it is reasonable to treat the populations from N. Kachin, N. Myanmer and Demu-la, S. E. Tibet as conspecific. Since this taxon is also quite different in regards of the androconia (Fig. 31 h) from A. pygmaea (Fig. 31 f), it is upgraded to specific level, viz. A. melanoleuca stat. nov. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that androconium of A. pumilus (Figs. 21, 22, 30 j) is not found from its wings.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3430FF8AFF67FF6FFCF626DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (S. E. Tibet), Myanmar (N. Kachin).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3431FF8FFF67F995FDFC2342.taxon	description	Aulocera pygmaea: Lang (nec Holik), 2019: 149, figs. 28, 29.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3431FF8FFF67F995FDFC2342.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Holotype of Aulocera longanfua Lang, China: Sichuan, Pingwu, Huangtu-liang Pass, 3300 m, 30. VII. 2018, leg. S. Y. Lang (CQMNH); paratypes: 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Paratypes of Aulocera longanfua Lang, same collecting data, leg. S. Y. Lang & J. Hou (LSY).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3431FF8FFF67F995FDFC2342.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aulocera longanfua can be separated from the related A. sybillina by the combination of the following characters: 1) in the male, on the forewing underside, the white postdiscal spots are much smaller; 2) on the forewing upperside, the male brand is narrower and situated further separated from the white postdiscal spots in the spaces 1 b, 2 and 3, whereas it is broader and nearly attached to the white spots in A. sybillina; 3) in the female, on the hindwing upperside, the white discal band is much narrower; 4) the lamina of the androconium (Fig. 31 d) is obviously slenderer than those of A. sybillina (Figs. 31 a – c); 5) in the male genitalia, the valva (Fig. 30 d) is shorter and narrower than that of A. sybillina (Figs. 30 e – h). Aulocera longanfua is also very similar to the nominate subspecies of A. pygmaea but can be distinguished from it by the combination of the following characters: 1) in the female, the white discal spots on both sides are smaller; 2) on the hindwing upperside, the white discal band is discrete in the spaces 1, 2 and 3, whereas it is more continuous in A. pygmaea; 3) on the hindwing, the white discal band in the spaces 1 b to 3 is curved on both sides, whereas it is nearly straight in A. pygmaea; 4) the base of the lamina of the androconium (Fig. 31 d) is wider and the distal stalk is somewhat longer, whereas it is gradually narrowing towards the basal stalk in A. pygmaea (Fig. 31 f); 5) in the male genitalia, the subdistal section of the valva (Fig. 30 d) is somewhat narrower than that of A. pygmaea (Fig. 30 a). From the sympatric A. pygmaea vadimi, it can be distinguished by further characters in addition to those mentioned above: 1) in the male, on the forewing upperside, the brand is present, whereas it is absent or vestigial in A. pygmaea vadimi; 2) on the forewing upperside, the discal spots are usually larger; 3) in the female, on the forewing upperside, the discal spots are smaller.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3431FF8FFF67F995FDFC2342.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sakai et al. (2001) mentioned a record of Aulocera sybillina with the data as “ Pingwu (Pingwu-Jiuzhaigou) (3,300 m), Sungqu (Songpan County), 16. VIII. 1987 ” without any further comment. Although the information seems vague, the site “ Pingwu-Jiuzhaigou, 3,300 m ” is clearly the same as Huangtu-liang Pass which is of the same altitude and is the type locality of A. longanfua and A. pygmaea vadimi. However, the collecting date is half a month later than that of A. longanfua and A. pygmaea vadimi. Since Sakai et al. (2001) did not illustrate any specimen with the above information, it is not known whether this record is the true sybillina or just a longanfua.	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3431FF8FFF67F995FDFC2342.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (N. Sichuan).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3435FF8FFF67FE96FBF22525.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: ssp. sybillina: 1 ♂, “ Tatsienlu ” / “ ex c. Oberth. ” / “ 9 / 57, ex coll. R. Oberthür ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153406 ” (ZFMK); 1 ♂, “ Chasseurs indigènes de Tà-tsien-lou. Récolte de 1910 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153407 ” (ZFMK); 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, China: Sichuan, Zoige, Tangke, 3460 m, 21. VII. 2017, legs. S-y. Lang & Yi Lang (LSY); 1 ♂, China: Tibet, Zogang, Tiantuo, 14. VII. 2012, leg. S-y. Lang (LSY); 1 ♂, China: Gansu, Xiahe, Damai, Xiongmao-gou, 3200 m, 17. VII. 2015, leg. G-x. Xue (LSY); 2 ♂♂, China: Gansu, Xiahe, 23 – 24. VII. 2015, leg. H. Huang (LSY); 1 ♂, China: Gansu, Xiahe, Damai, 3100 m, 20. VII. 2017, leg. S-y. Lang (LSY); ssp. bianor: 1 ♂, China: Qinghai, Ping’an, 3. VII. 2016, leg. K. Song (LSY); 1 ♀, China: Qinghai, Tongren, Xiabulang, 3582 m, 5. VIII. 2020, leg. Yi Lang (LSY); 1 ♂, “ Kuku nor Thibet sept. or ” / “ S. sybillinus bianor Gr. Gr. abgebildet: Gross 1958 Bonner Zool. Beitr. Tafel II; Fig. 4 ” / “ Genital - Präparat: Gross Nr. 63 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153408 ” (ZFMK); 1 ♂, “ Kukunor Chin. s. occ. ” / “ ex coll Kotzsch 6 / 58 ” / “ 571. ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153409 ” (ZFMK); 1 ♂, “ Kukunor. ” / “ ex coll Kotzsch 6 / 58 ” / “ 570. ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153410 ” (ZFMK); ssp. dieshanensis: holotype: ♂, Holotype of Aulocera sybillina dieshanensis Lang, China: Gansu, Zhugqu, Pingding, 2850 m, 20. VII. 2020, leg. S-y. Lang (CQMNH); paratypes: 5 ♂♂, paratypes of Aulocera sybillina dieshanensis Lang, China: Gansu, Minxian, Tiechiliang Pass, 3200 m, 21 – 22. VII. 2020, legs. S-y. Lang, Yi Lang & J. Hou (LSY); ssp. microsybillina: holotype: ♂, Holotype of Aulocera sybillina microsybillina Lang, China: Gansu, Tanchang, Xiaogou Pass, 3080 m, 19. VII. 2020, leg. S. Y. Lang (CQMNH); paratypes: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Paratypes of Aulocera sybillina microsybillina Lang, same collecting data (LSY); spp. incert.: 1 ♂, “ Kansu mer. or. Fukiang Peilingschan sept. 2500 m. Juli ” / “ 565. ” / “ ex coll. Kotzsch 6 / 58 ” / “ ZFMK Lep 153511 ” (ZFMK).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3435FF8FFF67FE96FBF22525.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aulocera sybillina is an alpine species known from the East Tibetan Plateau (an area including E. Tibet, E. Qinghai, S. Gansu, W. Sichuan, N. Yunnan) and further subdivided into seven subspecies. At or around the type localities of A. pygmaea and A. p. vadimi, four out of seven subspecies are known to occur, they are: ssp. sybillina (Fig. 26), ssp. bianor (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) (Fig. 27), ssp. dieshanensis Lang, 2022 (Fig. 6), and ssp. microsybillina (Figs. 5, 19). Here we illustrate these subspecies to better demonstrate the status of A. pygmaea. In addition to these known subspecies, Gross (1959: 274) mentioned a male of “ Satyrus sybillina Oberthür ” (Fig. 25) from Peilingshan, and this specimen was located in ZFMK bearing the label “ Kansu mer. or. Fukiang Peilingschan sept. 2500 m. Juli / 565. / ex coll. Kotzsch 6 / 58 / ZFMK Lep 153511. ” This collecting site, however, was doubted by Gross (1959) as “ … die Fundortangabe ostasiatischer Tiere aber oft fehlerhaft (however the location of East Asian animals is often incorrect) ... ”. This male is quite different from Aulocera sybillina microsybillina because of its much larger size. As stated by Gross (1959), it is similar to the nominate A. sybillina from Ta-tsienlu, W. Sichuan (Fig. 26). The precise collecting site of this individual is different from that of A. pygmaea, which was obtained from the north slope of east Peilingshan (“ Fukiang Peilingschan sept. ”), whereas the type series of A. pygmaea and A. sybillina microsybillina were captured in west Peilingshan (“ Taupingfluss ” or Xiaogou Pass). Considering the differentiation of A. sybillina in this area (S. Gansu-E. Qinghai-N. Sichuan), it is also possible that this individual (Fig. 25) represents a hitherto undescribed subspecies of A. sybillina occurring in east Peilingshan near Fukiang (nowadays Gangu County).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
03CB87FE3435FF8FFF67FE96FBF22525.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (N. Sichuan, S. E. Gansu, E. Qinghai, N. Yunnan, E. Tibet).	en	Lang, Song-Yun, Huang, Si-Yao (2023): Notes on Aulocera pygmaea (Holik, 1949) and its related taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5357 (4): 555-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.4
