taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CA4F5C8215FFE5FE54FDD644CA1894.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Afraustraloxenodes namibiensis sp. n. Etymology: Afraustral refers to the southern (austral) African distribution pattern of this genus; xenodes means inhabitant, chosen by analogy to the related genus Macroxenodes. Generic Diagnosis: Distinguished by the following combination of character states: Trichomes: short and thick. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts not separated from the anterior tufts and consisting of two rows (anterior and posterior); last trichome of posterior row slightly more posterior than the trichobothria. Distance between each tuft of vertex short. Three or more short, thick sensilla basiconica on antennal article VI, and two on article VII. One setiform and one coeloconicum sensilla on articles VI and VII. Three trichobothria of equal size with cylindrical funiculi (Fig. 3). Entire surface of labrum with numerous and varied papillae and armed with lamellate teeth at anterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with sensilla pseudoarticulated apically. Middle palp with sensilla pseudoarticulated apically, except for seven short antero-median sensilla (Figs 8, 26, 28). Trunk: Two lateral tufts of trichomes on each tergite connected by a posterior row of trichomes arranged along posterior margin of tergite. Tergites II to VIII or IX with three rows of trichomes: an anterior row (a. r.) with trichomes directed anteriad; a median (m. r.) and a posterior (p. r.) row with trichomes directed caudad. Median row often sinuous; anterior row convex towards head with first and last trichomes often at same level as median row (Figs 18, 19). Legs: Setae on coxae, trochanters and prefemora with subcylindrical, elongate and naked funiculi. Other small, thick but pointed setae present on all prefemora, femora, tibiae and tarsi II. Pretarsus bearing anterior process with spinous projection slightly shorter than claw and posterior lamellate process longer than claw, latter projection thickened and pleated basally. Claw with two strongly pointed latero-anterior and posterior teeth, subequal in length. Telson: Two latero-dorsal penicils of crooked trichomes joined side by side. Dorsal face of telson with a few barbate trichomes (a), two subcircular groups composed of barbate trichomes (c), and one barbate antero-internal trichome (b) (Fig. 17). Ventral face with a subrectilinear row of barbate trichomes located at edge of penicil of crooked trichomes, usually with three to four crooks (Figs 20, 43, 48). Generic grouping: Macroxenus Brölemann, 1917; Chilexenus Silvestri, 1948; Macroxenodes Silvestri, 1948; Afraustraloxenodes gen. n. Distribution: Southern Africa.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2003): A new genus of Penicillata from Southern Africa with pseudoarticulated sensilla on the palpi of the gnathochilarium (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae). African Invertebrates 44 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666480
03CA4F5C8216FFE0FE2DFA0544A918B7.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 20) Etymology: The name refers to the terra typica. Type material: Holotype adult male, allotype adult female; paratypes: seven adult males, one adult female and one subadult male (with 12 pairs of legs) (MNHN), one adult male (SMWN), NAMIBIA: towards Rehoboth, on C 26 road, 2.5 km before C 26 - 1265 crossroads, under stones, alt. 1760 m, on ledge of rocks, 28. x. 1991, Y. Coineau. Other material examined: One adult male (MNHN), NAMIBIA: 150 km West of Windhoek, near cross towards south, on rocks, 26. iii. 1981, Y. Coineau. Description of adults: Coloration: Brownish with darker greyish-brown trichomes, pigmentation indicated in Fig. 1. Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): holotype 2.70 mm; allotype 3.00 mm; paratypes 2.80 mm (except male no. 5 in extension, 3.30 mm). Length of caudal penicil: 0.50 mm. Length of tarsus II of 13 th leg, 98 (holotype) to 102 m. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior row with nine (except eight in a male and 10 in a female), posterior row with seven to nine trichomes, last trichome slightly more posterior to trichobothria (Fig. 2). Distance between each tuft small. Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 4; ratio length / diameter of article VI = 1.50 – 1.90. Antennal article VI with five dorsal sensilla basiconica: anterior two short and slightly more apical than longer posterior three (Fig. 6); one sensillum coeloconicum between first and last two posterior sensilla basiconica; one setiform sensillum between the two short anterior sensilla. Right antenna of one male with only four sensilla basiconica (one long sensilla missing). Antennal article VII with two dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior one shorter than anterior; one sensillum coeloconicum posterior and one setiform sensillum between two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 5). Three trichobothria of equal size, with cylindrical funiculi (Fig. 3). Surface of labrum with numerous, small, short-cuspidate papillae; papillae of anterior two or three rows larger (Fig. 9). 5 + 5 lamellate teeth at anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with nine to 10 setae along posterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 15 or 16 sensilla pseudoarticulated apically; middle palp with 21 sensilla, comprising 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and seven short non-articulated at apex (Fig. 8). Trunk: Except on tergites VIII or IX to X, trichomes arranged in three rows and two lateral tufts (Figs 18, 19). Each paired tuft connected by a posterior row of trichomes (p. r.) arranged along posterior margin of tergite; two more anterior rows (a. r. and m. r.) with a few trichomes spaced apart. In posterior row, shorter trichomes alternating with longer trichomes. Total number of trichomes on tergites as follows: I (collum), 40 – 47; II to VII, 54 – 81. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with three or four trichomes in a row (Fig. 2). Legs: Each article of legs bearing sensory setae, except first tarsus. Coxa, trochanter and prefemur each bearing a seta with an oval base furnished with acute process at apex (Figs 11, 12). Chaetotaxy as follows: coxa I with one seta, coxae II to XIII with two setae, except VIII and IX in male (one seta and three small setae at edge of opening of coxal glands); trochanters with one seta; prefemora with one seta and one or two (one three) small aligned setae (Figs 10, 13); each femur and tibia with same small seta as prefemur, tapered apically. Second tarsus with a small seta as shown in Fig. 14. Pretarsus bearing anterior process with a spinous projection slightly shorter than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes; posterior lamellate process thickened and pleated basally (Figs 15, 16). Male: All areas of penis with thin, usual, cuticular setae and nine or 10 small setae (Fig. 10). Coxal glands on legs VIII and IX. Telson. Four to five setae above anal valve, two external ones with raised base. Bundle of caudal penicil unseparated. On each side of median plate, dorsal trichomes of telson consisting of two or three trichomes (a), one trichome (b) inner to group of 10 – 11 trichomes (c) (10 in male no. 5, Fig. 17). Trichomes of caudal penicil generally with three hooks (Fig. 20), rarely with two or four. Remarks: The male collected 150 km west of Windhoek differs from the type specimens from around Rehoboth by the complete absence of pigment, by its small size (2.35 mm) and in having six sensilla basiconica on antennal article VI (three long sensilla and three short sensilla in the left antenna: Fig. 7; four long sensilla and two short sensilla in the right antenna).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2003): A new genus of Penicillata from Southern Africa with pseudoarticulated sensilla on the palpi of the gnathochilarium (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae). African Invertebrates 44 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666480
03CA4F5C8213FFEDFE6AFA6844771FE0.taxon	description	(Figs 21 – 40) Etymology: This species is named for its collector, Prof. Yves Coineau. Type material: Holotype adult female; paratypes: two adult females, one adult male, one female with 10 pairs of legs (MNHN), one adult female (SMWN), NAMIBIA: Hamilton Range, on top of marble mountain, in cracks of rocks, under stones, 24. x. 1991; two adult females (MNHN), same place, 9. xi. 1991; one female with 12 pairs of legs (MNHN), same place, 9. xii. 1993; one adult male (MNHN), same place, 14. xii. 1993; two adult males, one adult female and one male with 12 pairs of legs (MNHN), same place, 12. iii. 1981, all Y. Coineau. Of the specimens mounted on slides, the holotype, two female paratypes (nos 1 and 2) and one male (no. 3) (almost moulting) have been described. Other material examined: one adult male (MNHN), NAMIBIA: Swartbank, 40 km North-West of Gobabeb, 13. iii. 1991?, M. Seely; one adult female (MNHN), NAMIBIA: Mirabib Rock, 26. x. [year?], Y. Coineau; one adult female and one male with 12 pairs of legs (Coll. Prof. Condé, Nancy), ANGOLA, 1962. Description of adults: Coloration: Females from Angola and Mirabib Rock brownish with brown trichomes. All individuals from Hamilton Range (Fig. 21) and from Swartbank whitish with white or beige trichomes, some specimens showing slight pigmentation between ocelli. Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): holotype 3.60 mm; females nos 2 and 3 4.10 mm; male 3.0 mm; female from Angola 2.80 mm. Length of caudal penicil: 0.90 mm in female no. 3. Length of tarsus II of 13 th leg: 130 m. (holotype and female no 2), 135 m (female no. 3 and female from Angola), 100 m (male). Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior row with nine to 11, posterior row with nine to 13 trichomes, the posteriormost being slightly behind trichobothria. Towards middle of vertex, two anterior rows not separated from anterior tufts of vertex. Distance between each tuft small (Fig. 22). Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 23. Article VI twice as long as diameter, with three thick dorsal sensilla basiconica: anterior slightly shorter than two subequal posterior ones (Fig. 25). One setiform sensillum between anterior sensilla, and a posterior sensillum basiconicum. One posterior sensillum coeloconicum. Antennal article VII with two dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior one slightly shorter than anterior; one posterior sensillum coeloconicum and one setiform sensillum between two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 24). Three trichobothria of equal size, each with cylindrical funiculum. Surface of labrum with numerous flat papillae enclosing small granules (Fig. 27); two or three anterior rows of papillae larger. 5 + 5 lamellate teeth at anterior margin, except male with 4 + 4. Clypeo-labrum with eight to 10 setae along posterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 12 or 13 pseudoarticulated sensilla apically, middle palp with 20 or 21 sensilla, comprising 13 or 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and seven short non-articulated sensilla (Figs 26, 28). Trunk: Except on tergites VIII or IX to X, trichomes arranged in three rows and two lateral tufts. Each paired tuft connected by posterior row of trichomes running along posterior margin of tergite; both more anterior rows with a few trichomes spaced apart. In posterior row shorter trichomes alternating with longer trichomes (Fig. 29). Total number of trichomes on tergites as follows: I (collum), 56 to 71; II to VIII, 72 to 127. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with three to five trichomes in a row. Legs: Each article of legs bearing sensory setae, except first tarsus. Coxa, trochanter and prefemur each bearing a seta with an oval base furnished with acute process at apex (Figs 32, 33). Chaetotaxy as follows: coxa I with one seta, II to XIII with two setae except VIII and IX in male (one seta and two or three small setae at edge of opening of coxal glands); trochanter, femur and tibia with one seta (Figs 34, 36); prefemur with one oval-based seta plus, on II to XIII, one or two (three in two cases) small aligned setae. Coxa, femur and tibia XIII without setae in male. Second tarsus with a small seta (Fig. 35). Pretarsus bearing anterior process with a spinal projection slightly shorter than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes, and a posterior lamellate process thickened and pleated at base (Figs 30, 31, 37, 38). Male: All areas of penis with cuticular setae and a dozen small setae. Coxal glands on legs VIII and IX. Telson: Four to five setae above anal valve (Figs 39, 40) of which two external ones with a raised base (Fig. 40), two in male, both also with elevated base. Dorsal trichomes of telson consisting of five to eight (females) and two to three (males) trichomes (a) varying on different sides (5 + 4 in holotype), one trichome (b) antero-internal of each group of 6 to 9 trichomes (c). Trichomes of caudal penicil generally with three or four hooks (rarely two or five). Remarks: A different coloration is observed in specimens from Hamilton Range and Swartbank on the one hand, and Mirabib Rock and Angola on the other hand. The original locality of the specimen from Angola is unknown. The other specimens are from the Namib Desert found at three localities: (1) Hamilton Range where the white A. coineaui occured under rock on the top of a white marble mountain, (2) Swartbank, 40 km North-West of Gobabeb, on limestone and laterite where the individuals are white too, and (3) more easterly, granitic Mirabib Rock where the female collected is brownish with brown trichomes. Transpiration measurements were carried out using a female of A. coineaui from Hamilton Range by Dr Vannier (pers. comm.) with a thermostatic incubator and a programmed regulator allowing air temperature to elevate from 20 C to 90 C, at a rate of 0.5 C / min., in dried air. The female weighed 1.37 mg and its thermotorpor point was 59.6 C. In comparison the thermotorpor point of some females of P. lagurus (bisexual form) from the Paris region varied from 55.2 C to 55.7 C. These preliminary investigations show that A. coineaui seems highly resistant to heat and dryness.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2003): A new genus of Penicillata from Southern Africa with pseudoarticulated sensilla on the palpi of the gnathochilarium (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae). African Invertebrates 44 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666480
03CA4F5C821EFFEBFE0EFD26445018C0.taxon	description	(Figs 41 – 54) Etymology: This species is named for its collector, P. Hulley. This name was proposed by B. Condé in his correspondence with Lawrence (1966). Type material: Holotype adult male and paratype adult female (MNHN), SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Port Alfred, ix. 1958, P. Hulley, no. 7231. Other paratypes: one adult male, one female with 12 pairs of legs, one individual with 6 pairs of legs (MNHN), SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Kowie River Mouth, Port Alfred, near Grahamstown, 5. v. 1958, P. Hulley, R. F. Lawrence. Description of adults: Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): 1.85 mm (holotype) to 2.60 mm; length of caudal penicil: 0.40 mm. Tarsus II of 13 th leg: 88 (holotype) to 96 m long. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts (Fig. 41) consisting of two rows: anterior row with seven to 12; posterior row with seven to 11 trichomes, posteriormost trichome slightly behind trichobothria. Distance between each tuft small. Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 44; ratio length / diameter of article VI = 1.45 to 1.60. Antennal article VI with four dorsal sensilla basiconica: anterior two short and slightly more apical than longer posterior two (Figs 42, 46, 54); one sensillum coeloconicum between two posterior sensilla basiconica; one setiform sensillum between two short anterior sensilla. Antennal article VII with two dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior one shorter than anterior; one posterior sensillum coeloconicum and one setiform sensillum between two sensilla basiconica (Figs 45, 53). Three trichobothria of equal size, each with a cylindrical funiculum. Entire surface of labrum with numerous small, cuspidate papillae (also called cuticular setae) in addition to four to five anterior rows of spherical papillae (Fig. 47). 5 + 5 lamellate teeth at anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with nine to 12 setae along posterior margin. In female, outer palp of gnathochilarium with 10 pseudoarticulated sensilla apically; middle palp with 21 sensilla, comprising 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and seven short nonarticulated sensilla. Trunk: Except on tergites VIII or IX to X, trichomes arranged in three rows and two lateral tufts. Each lateral tuft connected with three rows of trichomes: posterior row running along posterior margin of tergite; two more anterior rows with a few trichomes spaced apart. Total number of trichomes of each tuft on tergites as follows: tergite I 29 to 38; tergites II to VII 45 to 87. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with three or four trichomes (Fig. 41). Legs: Coxa, trochanter and prefemur each bearing a seta with oval base furnished with acute process apically. Chaetotaxy as follows: coxa I with one seta, II to XII generally with two setae (Fig. 50); trochanter with one seta; only some femora with a small seta each; prefemur with one large seta (Fig. 49) and one or two small aligned setae. Second tarsus with a small seta. Pretarsus similar to that of namibiensis and coineaui; anterior process of pretarsus with a spinous projection slightly shorter than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes, and a posterior lamellate process (Figs 51, 52). Male: All areas of penis with cuticular setae. Coxal glands on legs VII, VIII and IX. Telson: Four setae above anal valve, two external ones with raised base. Bundle of caudal penicil unseparated. On each side, dorsal trichomes consisting of two or three trichomes (a) (three in holotype), one trichome (b), seven to 10 trichomes (c) (eight in holotype). Trichomes of caudal penicil generally with three (Fig. 48), sometimes four (Fig. 43), hooks. Female with 12 pairs of legs (subadult): Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): 2 mm. Length of tarsus II of 12 th leg: 88 m. Posterior tufts of vertex with anterior row of eight and nine trichomes, posterior row of eight and seven trichomes, variation depending on body side. External structure of labrum as in adults with three to four anterior rows of spherical papillae. 6 + 5 lamellate teeth at anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with 10 setae along posterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 10 sensilla. Antennal characters identical to those of adults. Ventral caudal transitory tufts (present in larvae only) with about 20 trichomes. Larva with six pairs of legs: Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): 1.50 mm. Length of tarsus II of 6 th leg: 80 m. Head: Posterior tufts with anterior row of eight and nine trichomes, posterior row of five and six trichomes. Antennal sensilla identical to those of adults. Telson: Two and three trichomes (a). Transitory tufts with a dozen trichomes. Remarks: Three pairs of coxal glands are rarely observed in Polyxenidae. Usually they only show two pairs.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2003): A new genus of Penicillata from Southern Africa with pseudoarticulated sensilla on the palpi of the gnathochilarium (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae). African Invertebrates 44 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666480
03CA4F5C8218FFE9FE98F9D944BB1BB2.taxon	description	(Figs 55 – 66) Material examined: Two adult females (SAMC), SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Prince Albert, under stones, no. 1640, pres [ented] W. F. Purcell, March 1896. This material, identified as Monographis schultzei Attems, 1909 by Attems (1928), was redescribed by Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé (1967), with the species transferred to the genus Chilexenus. As a recent re-examination of a cotype (syntype) of Chilexenus rosendinus shows (Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, in prep.), as in Macroxenus, a spine is present on tarsus II (not mentioned by Silvestri, 1948). Since schultzei shows a seta on tarsus II, and the trichomes are shorter than those in rosendinus, it is to be transferred to Afraustraloxenodes. A more complete description of schultzei than that given in 1967 is provided here, together with figures. Redescription of adult females (nos 1 and 2): Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): 3.50 mm; length of caudal penicil: 0.60 mm. Length of tarsus II of 13 th leg: 107 and 117 m. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior row with 10 to 11, posterior row with eight to 10 trichomes, the last trichome being slightly more posterior than the trichobothria (Fig. 55). Distance between each tuft small. Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 62. Article VI more than twice as long as diameter. Antennal article VI with thick dorsal sensilla basiconica: two short anterior and one longer posterior (Figs 57, 64); one posterior sensillum coeloconicum; one setiform sensillum between the second short anterior and the posterior sensilla. Antennal article VII with two subequal dorsal sensilla basiconica separated by one setiform sensillum (Figs 56, 63). Three trichobothria of equal size, each with a cylindrical funiculum. Entire surface of labrum with numerous, small, apiculate papillae (Fig. 66), except two to three anterior rows of larger spherical papillae; anterior row largest. Five and six lamellate teeth at anterior margin in female no. 1 (Fig. 65). Clypeo-labrum with 10 or 11 setae along posterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 12 sensilla pseudoarticulated apically, middle palp with 20 sensilla, comprising 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and seven short non-articulated sensilla. Trunk: On tergites, arrangement of trichomes similar to that of above described species. Total number of trichomes of each tuft on tergites as follows: collum 62 (female no. 2); tergites II to VIII 90 to 115. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with four and five trichomes in female no. 2 (Fig. 55). Legs: Each article of legs bearing sensory setae, except first tarsus. Coxa, trochanter and prefemur each bearing a seta with oval base furnished with acute process at apex (Fig. 60). Chaetotaxy as follows: coxa I with two setae; trochanter and prefemur with one seta each; femur and tibia each with one small seta (Figs 58, 59); second tarsus with a small seta. Pretarsus similar to that of namibiensis and coineaui, anterior process with a spinous projection slightly shorter than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes, and a posterior lamellate process (Fig. 61). Telson: Five setae above anal valve in female no. 1, two external ones with a raised base. Bundle of caudal penicil unseparated. On each side, dorsal trichomes of telson consisting of three and four trichomes (a) in one female, six and seven in the other, one trichome (b), 11 trichomes (c). Trichomes of caudal penicil generally with three, sometimes two, hooks.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2003): A new genus of Penicillata from Southern Africa with pseudoarticulated sensilla on the palpi of the gnathochilarium (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae). African Invertebrates 44 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666480
