taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CA441B361CFF8C9DF4F908FBF8FB87.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Asterocheridae. Body dorsoventrally flattened. Prosome ovoid or discoid, urosome cylindrical and 4 - segmented in female. Antennule of female basically 19 - segmented with large aesthetasc on 17 th segment; ancestral segments IX – XIII fused; distal 3 segments frequently fused to become 1 or 2 segments. Antenna with 1 - segmented exopod and 3 - segmented endopod bearing distal claw. Oral cone short or elongated, siphon-like. Mandible consisting of stylet and 1 - or 2 - segmented palp bearing two distal setae. Maxillule bilobed. Maxilla 2 - segmented; distal segment forming curved claw. Maxilliped with 6 - segmented. Legs 1 – 4 with 3 - segmented exopod and endopod. Free segment of leg 5 with 2 or 3 setae.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361CFF8C9DF4F908FBF8FB87.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Kim (2010) proposed a new definition for Asterocheres, with the main diagnostics characters related to leg setation and number of antennule segments posteriorly to aesthetasc. Thus, the author restricted the number of valid species in Asterocheres and many species were considered as species inquirendae. Since then, new species of Asterocheres were described (Crescenti et al. 2010; Varela 2010, 2012; Kim & Min 2013) and redescriptions were published (Conradi & Bandera 2011; Bandera & Conradi 2013; Bandera & Conradi 2014). Although the new species being described shows the leg setation established by Kim for Asterocheres, the antennule segmentation highlights a relevant difference in the fusion pattern. Neoasterocheres gen. nov. can be distinguished from Asterocheres by having the fusion of antennule ancestral segments IX – XIII resulting in the aesthetasc located on the 17 th segment, with 3 distal segments frequently fused to become 1 or 2. Kim (2010) stated that the female antennule is basically 21 - segmented because depending on the existence of distal fusions the amount of segments can be reduced to 19, however these fusions occurs between the last 3 segments, which are posterior to ancestral segment XXI. When Kim (2010) established that the aesthetasc is located on segment 18 in Asterocheres, the author excluded the possibility of occurrence of other additional fusions previous to the 18 th segment, and disregarded the existence of species presenting fusions of additional ancestral segments. According to Huys & Boxshall (1991) on the ancestral pattern of a siphonostome antennule, segment XXI is characterized by the presence of an aesthetasc additional to the maximum armature of two setae found in an unfused segment. Therefore, the authors highlighted the presence of a group of setae on ancestral segment IX, thus indicating a fusion involving at least segments IX – XII. This is expressed in a maximum of 8 setae present on the segment and the existence of eight free single segments between this compound segment (IX – XII) and the one bearing the aesthetasc (XXI). The presence of less than eight free segments between these two landmarks indicates the occurrence of further fusions in the section. Besides that, a spine is commonly present on ancestral segment XIV, and may constitute another relevant landmark. In Asterocheres we found a segment between the compound segment (IX – XII) and the segment bearing a spine (XIV), thus indicating that ancestral XIII segment is free. In the new genus the segment with a spine (XIV) is close to the compound segment (IX – XII). The ancestral segment XIII is not free, it is fused with the previous segment (IX – XII). This pattern can be confirmed by the existence of only seven free segments between the original IX – XII and the XXI, and by the absence of any double segment between these two landmarks, which would be indicated by the presence of four setae and a segment with a length twice its regular size. In addition, the new genus shows characters that differ from the remaining asterocherid genera. Bythocheres Humes, 1998, Cheramomyzon Humes, 1989, Collocheres Canu, 1893, Collocherides Stock, 1971, Dermatomyzon Claus, 1889, Discopontius Nicholls, 1944, Gerulusosacculus Ivanenko & Defaye, 2004, Glyptocheres Humes, 1987, Ophiurocheres Humes, 1998, Meandromyzon Stock, 1989, Rhyncomyzon Giesbrecht, 1895 and Thermocheres Kim, 2010 share an urosomite with 3 post-genital urosomites in the female (Claus 1889; Canu 1893; Giesbrecht 1895; Nicholls 1944; Stock 1971, 1989; Humes 1987, 1988, 1989, 1998; Ivanenko & Defaye 2004; Kim 2010) instead of two as observed in the new genus. The tergites of the third pedigerous somite are not expanded posteriorly over rest of prosome in Neoasterocheres gen. nov. as it is seen in Phyllocheres (Humes 1996 b). Both Discopontius Nicholls, 1944 and Meandromyzon coronatum Stock, 1989 have 2 post-genital segments like Neoasterocheres n. gen., but Discopontius has a 2 - segmented P 4 endopod and M. coronatum has a 1 - segmented mandibular palp, both characters diverging from those observed in Neoasterocheres n. sp. (Nicholls 1944, Stock 1989).	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361CFF8C9DF4F908FBF8FB87.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ‘ Neoasterocheres ’ is a combination of ‘ neo’ (from the Greek adjective meaning ‘ new’) and Asterocheres, referring to the similarities between the new genus and its congener.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361CFF8C9DF4F908FBF8FB87.taxon	materials_examined	Type species by original designation: Neoasterocheres breviseta sp. nov.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361EFF899DF4FA39FAD2F8D5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female (UFBA 3178) and paratype female (UFBA 3179), Yacht Club Bay (12 o 59 ’ 975 ’’ S, 38 o 31 ’ 851 ’’ W), located in Todos-os-Santos Bay, Salvador city, in Bahia State, Brazil, on November 25 th, 2014. All specimens were found associated with Callyspongia sp.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361EFF899DF4FA39FAD2F8D5.taxon	description	Description of the female. Mean body length (excluding caudal setae) 393 µm and mean body width 202 µm. Body (Fig. 2 A) cyclopiform with prosome slightly enlarged and dorso-ventrally flattened; urosome cylindrical. Pedigerous somite 1 completely fused to cephalosome to form cephalothorax with pointed epimera. Pedigerous somite 2 with slightly pointed epimera. Pedigerous somites 3 and 4 with rounded epimera. Prosome 253 µm long and 200 µm width. Length: width ratio = 1.2: 1. Prosome: urosome ratio of length 1.4: 1. Urosome (Fig. 2 B) 4 - segmented. Genital double-somite 72 µm long, maximum width 50 µm, length: width ratio = 1.5: 1, rounded anterolaterally, with posterior epimera pointed. Two postgenital somites, both wider than long (25 × 31 µm, 18 × 31 µm, respectively), length: width ratio 0.8: 1 and 0.6: 1 respectively, lateral margins naked, with pointed epimera. Caudal rami slightly longer than wide, 17 × 12 µm armed with six setae (seta I absent); setae II, VI and VII naked and setae III, IV and V plumose. Antennule (Fig. 2 C) 125 µm long (not including apical setae), 19 - segmented. Length of segments: 19, 8, 3, 6, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 7, 6, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 4 µm, respectively. Segmental homologies and armature as follows: 1 (I) - 2; 2 (II) - 2; 3 (III) - 2; 4 (IV) - 2; 5 (V) - 1; 6 (VI) - 2; 7 (VII) - 2; 8 (VIII) - 2; 9 (IX – XIII) - 7; 10 (XIV) - 2; 11 (XV) - 2; 12 (XVI) - 1; 13 (XVII) - 1; 14 (XVIII) - 1; 15 (XIX) - 1; 16 (XX) - 0; 17 (XXI) - 1 + ae; 18 (XXII – XXV) - 3; 19 (XXVI – XXVIII) - 5; all setae smooth. Aesthetasc 45 µm long. Segments 9 and 18 with marks indicating fusions of ancestral segments IX – XII and XIII and XXII – XXIII and XXIV – XXV. Antenna (Fig. 2 D) 97 µm long (including distal claw), with basis 16 µm long and totally naked. Exopod 1 - segmented, 4 µm long with two short apical setae. Endopod 3 - segmented, first segment 21 µm long, unarmed; second segment 6 µm long, armed with small distal naked seta; third segment 7 µm long with two setae, one distal and other subdistal near curved claw (25 µm long). Oral cone 88 µm long, reaching to maxillipedal basis. Mandible (Fig. 2 E) with slender 2 - segmented palp; measuring 16 and 10 µm long, respectively; second segment with two distal smooth setae. Mandibular stylet 66 µm long, proximally stout, tapering distally into a narrow sharpened ending. Maxillule (Fig. 2 F) bilobed; both lobes armed with three setae and with row of setules on inner margins. Inner lobe, 23 µm long armed with short, distally plumose setae. Outer lobe 15 µm long with two long setae and a shorter one. Maxilla (Fig. 2 G) 180 µm long, consisting of syncoxa and long curved claw, with 42 and 138 µm long, respectively. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 A) 6 - segmented, 107 µm long; syncoxa 30 µm long, unarmed; basis 45 µm long with long setules on inner margin and few setules on distal outer margin. Endopod 4 - segmented, segments measuring 7; 4; 8 and 13 µm, respectively; first and second segment unarmed; third segment with small seta medially; fourth segment with distal seta near straight claw-like element distally curved, 26 µm long. Legs 1 – 4 (Figs. 3 B – E) biramous, with 3 - segmented rami. Armature formula as follows: Spine of first exopodal segment of leg 1 longer than others, reaching beyond insertion of first spine of third exopodal segment. Distal inner margin of third endopodal segment with long tooth, setation 1 – 5 (Fig. 3 B). Second endopodal segments of legs 2 – 4 with lateral margin bifurcate. Coxa of leg 4 with very small naked seta, basis of leg 4 unarmed. Outer setae and distal setae of third endopodal segments of all swimming legs reduced in size. Fifth leg (Fig. 2 B) with free segment armed with three smooth setae. Fifth pedigerous somite with small seta near insertion of free segment. Male. unknown.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361EFF899DF4FA39FAD2F8D5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yacht Club Bay (12 o 59 ’ 975 ’’ S, 38 o 31 ’ 851 ’’ W), located in Todos-os-Santos Bay, Salvador city, in Bahia State, Brazil.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361EFF899DF4FA39FAD2F8D5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name ‘ breviseta’ is a combination of Latin words ‘ brevis’ (= short) and ‘ seta’ (= bristle), referring to the small size of the endopodal setae of the third endopodal segments of legs 1 – 4.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361EFF899DF4FA39FAD2F8D5.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Neoasterocheres breviseta sp. nov. has 19 - segmented antennule as its congeners but can be distinguished from N. dysidea, N. eniwetakensis, N. humesi, N. rotundus and N. serrulatus by having of a 6 - segmented maxilliped, thus diverging from the 5 - segmented condition found in these other species (Malt 1991; Humes 1996 a, 1996 b, 1997; Varela 2012). In addition, N. breviseta sp. nov. differs from N. scutatus by having 3 setae on both maxillary lobes instead 4 as observed in both maxillary lobes of N. scutatus (Stock 1966 b). The reduced size of the setae of the third endopodal segment of legs 1 – 4 and the reduction of the body length are also other unique features of the new species. Neoasterocheres breviseta sp. nov. has body length of less than 400 µm, clearly the smallest species of the genus; the body size of its congeners is over 720 µm (as in N. humesi).	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361AFF859DF4FF09FDBFFBA3.taxon	description	Madacheres serrulatus Humes, 1996 Asterocheres serrulatus (Humes, 1996)	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361AFF859DF4FF09FDBFFBA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Female holotype (USNM 268463), in 2 m, associated with Galaxea fascicularis (L.), west of Pte. Mahatsinjo, Nosy Bé, northwestern Madagascar, January 31 th 1964.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361AFF859DF4FF09FDBFFBA3.taxon	description	Description of the female. Body length (excluding caudal setae) 1147 µm, width 853 µm. Body cyclopiform (Fig. 4 A), prosome slightly wider than long with sensiles on dorsal surface, urosome cylindrical. First pedigerous somite completely fused to cephalosome to form cephalothorax and showing epimera projected. Pedigerous somite 2 to 4 with rounded epimera and gradually reducing on width. Pedigerous somite 4 partially overlapped by third somite, almost entirely covering fifth pedigerous somite. Prosome length: width ratio = 0.9: 1. Prosome: urosome ratio of length = 1.8: 1. Urosome (Fig. 4 B) 4 - segmented. Genital double-somite as long as wide, with widest portion located medially on region of genital pores. Genital apertures ventral, with two short setae, lateral margins with row of setules close to genital pores. First post-genital somite as long as wide. Anal somite 1.5 times wider than long. Both post-genital somites showing posterior margin serrated and lateral margins covered with setules. Caudal rami slightly longer than wide with posterior margin serrated and bearing tooth-like projection (Fig. 4 C), armed with six setae, seta I absent, setae II to VII present. All setae plumose. Antennule (Fig. 4 D) 519 µm long (not including setae), 19 - segmented. Length of segments: 50, 13, 17, 17, 10, 13, 10, 13, 13, 20, 23, 27, 47, 57, 47, 37, 67, 33 and 47 µm respectively. Segmental homologies and armature as follows: 1 (I) - 2; 2 (II) - 2; 3 (III) - 2; 4 (IV) - 2; 5 (V) - 2; 6 (VI) - 2; 7 (VII) - 2; 8 (VIII) - 2; 9 (IX-XIII) - 6; 10 (XIV) - 1 + spine; 11 (XV) - 2; 12 (XVI) - 1; 13 (XVII) - 2; 14 (XVIII) - 2; 15 (XIX) - 1; 16 (XX) - 1; 17 (XXI) - 1 + ae; 18 (XXII – XXIII) - 2; 19 (XXVI – XXVIII) - 6; all setae smooth. Aesthetasc 167 µm long. Antenna (Fig. 4 E) 290 µm long (including distal claw). Coxa and basis unarmed. Basis 84 µm long. Exopod one-segmented, 14 µm long, with two short apical and one lateral setae. Endopod 3 - segmented, first segment 79 µm long, unarmed, with row of setules on outer margin; second segment 14 µm long, with medial naked seta; third segment 9 µm long, with two distal setae near thin claw distally curved (73 µm long). Oral cone (Fig. 4 A) 247 µm long, siphon-like, reaching to maxillipedal basis. Mandible (Fig. 4 F) with slender 2 - segmented palp; measuring 98 and 34 µm long, respectively, both with setules covering outer margins; second segment with two distal smooth setae. Mandibular stylet 229 µm long, proximally stout, tapering distally into a narrow sharpened ending. Maxillule (Fig. 4 G) bilobed; outer lobe, 40 µm long, armed with three smooth setae; inner lobe 107 µm long, armed with four distal smooth setae. Maxilla (Fig. 5 A) 340 40 µm long, consisting of long and narrow syncoxa and long narrow curved claw, with 156 and 190 µm long, respectively. Maxilliped (Fig. 5 B) 5 - segmented, 440 µm long; syncoxa 110 µm long, armed with inner smooth seta; basis 150 µm long, unarmed. Endopod three-segmented, segments measuring 8, 14 and 58 µm, respectively; each segment armed with one seta distally. Third segment with distal seta located close to straight claw-like element, 100 µm long. Legs 1 – 4 (Fig. 5 C – F) biramous, with 3 - segmented rami. Armature formula as follows: Spine of first exopodal segment of leg 1 reaching distal margin of second exopodal segment. Third exopodal segment of leg 1 armed distally with spine and seta. Third endopodal segment of legs 2 to 4 with seta and spine distally. Distal spine of third exopodal segment of leg 4 with setules on inner margin. Fifth leg (Fig. 5 G) with free segment armed with two setae and rows of setules on lateral margins. Fifth pedigerous somite with single seta near insertion of free segment. Male. Unknown.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361AFF859DF4FF09FDBFFBA3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The redescription show some inconsistences between the characteristics observed here and the original description of Neoasterocheres serrulatus made by Humes (1996 a). The first concerning the second endopodal segment of the antenna that has only a seta instead three cited by Humes (1996 a). In the original description, Humes (1996 a) mentioned the siphon reaching near insertion of leg 1, however the siphon is little short, reaching the maxilliped. The maxilliped possesses a seta on the coxa, not observed by Humes (1996 a). Humes (1996 a) also misinterpreted the maxilla when quoted a suture on the median portion of claw, which was not observed. Humes (1996 a) described the third exopodal segment of leg 1 as having two distal setae instead a seta and a spine observed here. According Humes (1996 a) the third segment of leg 2 has two setae on distal portion but this segment show a seta and a spine distally. Humes (1996 a) depicted this species as possessing two terminal spines on third endopodal segments of legs 3 and 4. However, the reported armature setation for the swimming legs, these segments appeared as having a seta and a spine distally, a condition observed in this revision. Another difference observed regards the number of setae on leg 5, which has two setae instead three as described by Humes (1996 a). Among the major problems related previously with the original description of the genus by Humes (1996 a) is the fact that the characters used to justify the status of Madacheres as a genus does not support it, because it is not possible to effectively differentiate Madacheres from Neoasterocheres. This situation has been observed by Ivanenko (1999) and confirmed by Kim (2010).	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
03CA441B361AFF859DF4FF09FDBFFBA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Neoasterocheres gen. nov. is cosmopolitan, although restricted to the tropical region. Its members are known to occur in the Indian, Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Neoasterocheres enewetakensis, N. dysidea and N. rotundus are recorded from the Marshall Island, Mollucas and Indonesia, respectively. Neoasterocheres serrulatus occurs in Madagascar and N. scutatus occurs in the Gulf of Aqaba, both in the Indian Ocean. Both Neoasterocheres humesi and N. breviseta n. sp. occur in the Western Atlantic Ocean, the first in the North Atlantic and the latter in the South Atlantic. It is not evident the existence of a biogeographic distributional pattern of the Neoasterocheres n. gen.	en	Canário, Roberta, Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2017): A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck. Zootaxa 4247 (2): 101-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.1
