identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CAA25FD368C520FF70AD462EFD0E42.text	03CAA25FD368C520FF70AD462EFD0E42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geonigidius Xin, Gong, Zhong & Qi 2025	<div><p>Geonigidius Xin, Gong, Zhong &amp; Qi, gen. nov.</p><p>Chinese common name: üaēạṁşȃ http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D05E54F9-EFA3-49E0-9BA6-92C33280C461</p><p>(Figs. 1–10)</p><p>Type species. Geonigidius sinensis Xin, Gong, Zhong &amp; Qi, sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. The new genus can be easily identified as a member of the tribe Figulini Burmeister, 1847 (Huang &amp; Chen 2017) by the following characters: mandibles 0.6–1.2 times as long as head; scutellum distinctly longer than wide; elytra with deep longitudinal grooves; tarsi short, and the empodium between each pair of claws lacking a rod-like structure, replaced by a single seta; dorsal surface of the median lobe of aedeagus non-expandable; median lobe of aedeagus without pedestal crossbar. The presence of a vertical dorsal appendage on the mandible indicates that it is most closely related to Nigidius MacLeay, 1819, Novonigidius Dudich, 1923, Ganelius Benesh, 1955 and Dinonigidius De Lisle, 1974 but can be easily distinguished by the following features: 1) body more robust (Figs. 1–2). 2) head broad and long, dorsal surface without a forward-pointing horn, slightly wider but slightly shorter than the pronotum (Fig. 3). 3) eyes located on both sides of the median length of the head; ocular canthus slender; the length of the postocular margin significantly longer than the preocular margin (Fig. 3). 4) dorsal appendage of the mandible distinctly asymmetrical (Fig. 4). 5) pronotum without medial groove, outer margins regularly rounded, lateral lobes almost absent (Fig. 5A); 6) the distance between the prothorax and metathorax relatively large, resulting in incomplete closure of the two segments (Figs. 1–2; 9B–C). 7) elytra extremely short and thick, length not exceeding the sum of the head and pronotum (Figs. 1–2, 5C), showing a strongly arched shape in lateral view (Fig. 6C); carina VII prominently elevated, and completely obscures the lateral margin of the elytron in dorsal view (Figs. 5C; 6D–E). 8) hindwings atrophied into a strip-like form (Fig. 6B). 9) flagellum of aedeagus very long, longer than 5 times the length of the aedeagus (Fig. 8).</p><p>Description. Habitus (Figs. 1–2). Body stubby, relatively large-sized compared to other genera within the same tribe; exhibits a uniform black coloration with distinct luster, without conspicuous vestiture on surface of body.</p><p>Head (Figs. 3–4) large. Accounting for a significant proportion of the entire body, distinctly wider but slightly shorter than the pronotum; dorsal surface with a pair of short longitudinal carinae behind the anterior margin of the head, which are distinctly elevated and directed posterolaterally; two evident point-like protrusions symmetrically present on both sides basally. Eyes small located on the outer margins of the median length of the head. Canthus thin and just completely dividing the eye. Clypeolabrum moderately long. Mandible stout, dorsal appendage of mandible bilaterally asymmetrical, with a strong upward curvature that nearly perpendicular to the head. Basal part of mandible short. Mentum transverse and bilobate. Ventral side of apical half of the scape covered with irregular and deep punctures. Antennal club with 3 antennomeres; antennomeres VIII–IX subtriangular; antennomere X semi-elliptic.</p><p>Pronotum (Fig. 5A) transverse, slightly shorter and narrower than head; dorsal surface without a central depression.Anterior margin presents a bisinuate shape; lateral margins relatively straight and slightly serrated in the middle; posterior margin curves rounded and shows a smooth outline. Anterior angles obtuse, lateral lobes almost absent, posterior angles rounded.</p><p>Prosternum (Fig. 5B) covered with irregular and deep punctures. A considerable distance between the prothorax and metathorax results in the incomplete closure.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 5C; 6C–E) short and broad. Distinctly arched in lateral view; with obvious longitudinal carinae, and dense rows of punctures varying in size.</p><p>Metasternum and visible abdominal ventrites (Fig. 5D) with dense punctures varying in size.</p><p>Scutellum (Fig. 5E) tiny, trapezoidal and punctate.</p><p>Legs. Outer margin of tibiae with different-sized protuberances. Tarsi short, with a small ratio of length to tibiae, a single seta between pair of claws (Fig. 5F).</p><p>Hindwings (Fig. 6A–B) strongly atrophied, with venation reduced and simplified.</p><p>Abdomen and aedeagus. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 7A), abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 7B) and abdominal segment IX (Fig. 7C–E) see the corresponding figure. Aedeagus (Fig. 8A–E) consistent with the new species description.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name, derived from the prefix geo- in reference to “geophile” reflects the species’ inferred ground-dwelling habit, as evidenced by its brachypterous morphological characteristics; and the closely related genus Nigidius .</p><p>Distribution. China (Xizang) (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CAA25FD368C520FF70AD462EFD0E42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Gong, Jia-Xian;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Qi, Zhi-Hao	Xin, Fei-Yi, Gong, Jia-Xian, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Qi, Zhi-Hao (2025): The first discovery of brachypterous stag beetle in Eurasia: A remarkable new genus and species of the tribe Figulini Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) from southwestern China. Zootaxa 5728 (3): 531-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.10
03CAA25FD36DC520FF70AF8E29E408FA.text	03CAA25FD36DC520FF70AF8E29E408FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Figulini Burmeister 1847	<div><p>Key to genera of tribe Figulini from China</p><p>[Modified from Huang &amp; Chen 2017]</p><p>1 The outer margin of mandible with a strongly upturned dorsal appendage......................................... 2</p><p>– The outer margin of mandible without dorsal appendages...................................................... 3</p><p>2 Body slender in form; mandibles roughly symmetrical on both sides; elytra longer than the combined length of the head and pronotum; hindwing normally developed............................................... Nigidius MacLeay, 1819</p><p>– Body short and robust in form; mandibles strongly asymmetrical on both sides; elytra shorter than the combined length of the head and pronotum; hindwings distinctly atrophied..................... Geonigidius Xin, Gong, Zhong &amp; Qi, gen. nov.</p><p>3 Body length usually more than 24 mm; scutellum not more than twice as long as wide. Pronotum with a pair of anterior lateral lobes, not smoothly joined with the lateral margins...................................... Nigidionus Kriesche, 1926</p><p>– Body length usually less than 22 mm; scutellum more than twice longer than wide. Pronotum at most with anterior part of lateral margins narrowly flattened, not forming lateral lobes................................................... 4</p><p>4 Punctures on elytra notably denser and larger everywhere, making grooves scarcely recognizable. Profemur shorter. Basal piece of male genitalia more than 2.5 times longer than wide, with ventral caudal plate not extending so far to hide the median lobe.............................................................................. Cardanus Westwood, 1834</p><p>– Punctures on elytra thinner at the spaces between the grooves, making the grooves readily recognizable from the smooth spaces. Profemur longer. Basal piece of male genitalia at most 2.5 times longer than wide, with ventral caudal plate extending so far to hide the median lobe................................................................. Figulus MacLeay, 1819</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CAA25FD36DC520FF70AF8E29E408FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Gong, Jia-Xian;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Qi, Zhi-Hao	Xin, Fei-Yi, Gong, Jia-Xian, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Qi, Zhi-Hao (2025): The first discovery of brachypterous stag beetle in Eurasia: A remarkable new genus and species of the tribe Figulini Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) from southwestern China. Zootaxa 5728 (3): 531-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.10
03CAA25FD36DC52AFF70AA162EFD0F06.text	03CAA25FD36DC52AFF70AA162EFD0F06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geonigidius sinensis Xin, Gong, Zhong & Qi 2025	<div><p>Geonigidius sinensis Xin, Gong, Zhong &amp; Qi, sp. nov.</p><p>Chinese common name: 中华üaēạṁş http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 909120B2-9E9D-4441-A91B-3534AAFD9EA1</p><p>(Figs. 1–10)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ♂ (NACRC: IOZ (E) 224806), CHINA, Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.123985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.17847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.123985/lat 29.17847)">Nyingchi City</a>, Medog County (墨º县), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.123985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.17847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.123985/lat 29.17847)">Derkog Village</a> (Ễ尔ūť), near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.123985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.17847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.123985/lat 29.17847)">Degang Temple</a> (DZÑŵ) (29.178471°N, 95.123986°E), 2003 m, 9.VII.2025, Jia-Xian Gong, Hai-Bin Zhang &amp; Yun-Jie Zhang leg.</p><p>Diagnosis. As for the genus.</p><p>Description of the holotype. Male, body length 24.3 mm. Length of particular body parts: head (4.7 mm), mandible (horizontal length: 2.8 mm; right dorsal appendage: 6.9 mm; left dorsal appendage: 4.0 mm), pronotum (6.4 mm), elytra (10.5 mm); width: head (10.3 mm), pronotum (9.5 mm), elytra (9.7 mm).</p><p>Habitus (Figs. 1–2). Body stubby with a length only 2.1 times the width; black, punctate, with distinct luster, and without conspicuous vestiture on surface except for the base of mandibles and the dorsal side of the apical part of protibiae.</p><p>Head (Figs. 3–4) large, subtrapezoidal, length approximately over 1/5 of the entire body, weakly wider than the pronotum but slightly shorter in length relative to the latter, with its surfaces bearing dense, deep punctures; a pair of short longitudinal carinae occur on the dorsal surface behind the anterior margin of head, with distinct elevation and posterolateral orientation; two conspicuous punctate tubercles symmetrically positioned lateral to the midline of the·basal 1/3. Eyes small located on the outer margins of the median length of the head. Canthus thin and just completely dividing the eye; the postocular margin connected to canthus to cover the entire eye, and exhibiting an obvious subtriangular expansion, with the lateral angles rounded; the length of the postocular margin significantly longer than the preocular margin. Clypeolabrum transverse, rectangular, with flat apical margin. Mandibles robust and asymmetrical; inner margin of left mandible with two blunt teeth, while the inner margin of the right mandible with one blunt tooth; apices of mandibles obtusely acute. The dorsal appendages of mandibles distinctly asymmetrical, strongly upturned, nearly perpendicular to the head; the left one shorter slightly curved with three small rounded teeth apically, while the right one strongly curved at apical half and with two small rounded teeth; apices of appendages rounded. Mentum wide, surface flat and moderately punctate, and an M-shaped apical margin. Ventral side of apical half of the scape covered with deep and irregular punctures. Antennal club with 3 antennomeres, antennomeres VIII–IX subtriangular, antennomere X semi-elliptic.</p><p>Pronotum (Fig. 5A) transverse, 1.5 times wider than long, widest behind the anterior angles, narrower and slightly shorter than head. Dorsal surface relatively smooth without central depression, shiny parts occur on both sides near the midline, the remaining areas bear dense and distinct punctures. Anterior margin bisinuate; lateral margins relatively straight and slightly serrated in the middle; posterior margin slightly curved and exhibits a smooth contour. Anterior angles obtuse, lateral lobes almost absent, posterior angles rounded.</p><p>Prosternum (Fig. 5B) covered with deep punctures, and most of these punctures with a short yellowish-brown seta in the center. A significant distance between the prothorax and metathorax results in incomplete closure of the segments.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 5C; 6C–E) short and broad, widest at the middle, length less than the sum of the head length (excluding the mandible) and the pronotum length. Distinctly arched in lateral view, with dense deep punctures at the base, and dense rows of punctures varying in size; 7 longitudinal carinae obviously elevated, extend from the base to the region before the apex, the outermost longitudinal carina (carina VII) exhibits the strongest elevation, and completely obscures the lateral margin of the elytron in dorsal view.</p><p>Metasternum and visible abdominal ventrites (Fig. 5D) covered with punctures; the former exhibit larger and deeper punctures, while the latter show denser ones, and most of the punctures on the abdomen with a short seta.</p><p>Scutellum (Fig. 5E) tiny and trapezoidal, length and width nearly equal; with 8 deep punctures on the surface.</p><p>Legs. Protibia with 5 conspicuous sharp teeth (excluding apical fork) along outer margin, the tooth near base tiny; apex bifurcate with branches sharp at tip. Outer margin of the meso- and metatibia with 3–4 lateral spines, apically with three spines. Tarsi short with a single seta between pair of claws (Fig. 5F); protarsus approximately 1/2 the length of the protibia; mesotarsus approximately 4/5 the length of the mesotibia; metatarsus approximately 1/2 the length of the metatibia.</p><p>Hindwings (Fig. 6A–B) strongly atrophied into a strip-like shape, length slightly shorter than the elytra, with venation degenerated and structure simplified.</p><p>Abdomen and aedeagus. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 7A) without lateral angles, with a broad central membranous area. Abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 7B) transverse, structure-simplified with sclerotic outer margin. Ventral plate of the abdominal segment IX (Fig. 7C–E) without membranous stripe, and widens strongly near the apical 1/3. Aedeagus (Fig. 8A–D) about 2.2 times longer than wide in dorsal view. Basal piece elongated, distinctly constricted in basal part, nearly 1.6 times longer than parameres in dorsal view; pair of dorsal plates strip-shaped, with sclerotized and membranous parts in roughly equal proportions; ventral plate (Fig. 8D) at apical end of basal piece slightly sclerotized. Paramere (Fig. 8E) distinctly curved inward apically, with a relatively large triangular projection present on the ventral side. Base of the median lobe (Fig. 8E) membranous in dorsal side; extends laterally toward both sides at apex on ventral side. Flagellum (Fig. 8A, F) extremely long, length exceeding 5 times that of aedeagus, coiled spirally, tapering from base to apex, apex sharp.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet sinensis refers to China, the country of origin of the new taxon.</p><p>Notes. The habitat of Geonigidius sinensis Xin, Gong, Zhong &amp; Qi, gen. nov. and sp. nov. including a living individual is shown in Fig. 9.</p><p>Distribution. China (Xizang) (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CAA25FD36DC52AFF70AA162EFD0F06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Gong, Jia-Xian;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Qi, Zhi-Hao	Xin, Fei-Yi, Gong, Jia-Xian, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Qi, Zhi-Hao (2025): The first discovery of brachypterous stag beetle in Eurasia: A remarkable new genus and species of the tribe Figulini Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) from southwestern China. Zootaxa 5728 (3): 531-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5728.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.10
