taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CA87C9FF82FF81FC9611F1F638A9DD.taxon	discussion	The first species of Costularia subgenus Lophoschoenus to be described was Schoenus arundinaceus Sol. ex Vahl from New Caledonia (Vahl, 1805). In the following decades, this species was moved around from one genus to the other, i. e., it was placed in Chaetospora R. Br. and Cyclocampe Steud., two genera placed in synonymy of Schoenus, and in Asterochaete Nees, a synonym of Carpha Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. It took over a century before the genus Lophoschoenus Stapf was described based on four sedge species, i. e., Lophoschoenus arundinaceus (Sol. ex Vahl) Stapf (basionym: Schoenus arundinaceus), L. comosus (C. B. Clarke) Stapf (basionym: Schoenus comosus C. B. Clarke), L. hornei (C. B. Clarke) Stapf (basionym: Schoenus hornei C. B. Clarke, nom. cons. prop.; Larridon et al., 2017 b), and L. urvilleanus (Gaudich. ex Boeckeler) Stapf (basionym: Carpha urvilleana Gaudich. ex Boeckeler) from New Caledonia, Borneo and the Seychelles (Stapf and Turrill, 1914). In 1939, Kükenthal united Lophoschoenus with Costularia C. B. Clarke, while upholding both names at subgeneric level and also describing a third subgenus Chamaedendron. In his study of the New Caledonian Costularia species, Raynal (1974) only maintained two subgenera (Costularia and Lophoschoenus), based on the arrangement of the leaves. A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a lack of monophyly for the genus Costularia (Larridon et al., 2018). Larridon et al. (2018) recognised four separate evolutionary lineages within the species previously placed in Costularia. They recircumscribed Costularia, with type species Costularia natalensis C. B. Clarke, to include only species from south-eastern Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarenes, and a single species from the Seychelles (Costularia xipholepis (Baker) Henriette & Senterre; Henriette et al., 2015). This meant that the species which form part of the three other lineages needed a new name. Larridon et al. (2018) elevated a slightly recircumscribed Costularia subgenus Chamaedendron to genus level (as the genus Chamaedendron Larridon) including five species. This left the species previously placed in Costularia subgenus Lophoschoenus. According to online species databases (Govaerts et al., 2017; The International Plant Names Index, 2017; Tropicos. org, 2017), a total of 12 names have been published in Lophoschoenus by various authors (Stapf and Turrill, 1914; Pfeiffer, 1927; Däniker, 1932 – 33; Guillaumin, 1934 – 35, 1957). One of these names conforms with a Costularia s. s. species (Larridon et al., 2018), i. e., Lophoschoenus elongatus (Kunth) H. Pfeiff. (= Costularia melicoides (Poir.) C. B. Clarke). Two further heterotypic names, i. e., Lophoschoenus falcifolius Däniker (1932 – 33), and Costularia xyridioides (Däniker) Kük. (Kükenthal, 1939) based on the basionym Schoenus xyridioides Däniker (1932 – 33), conform to a single taxon recently placed in the newly described unrelated genus Chamaedendron (Larridon et al., 2018). More confusion surrounds the use of the epithet “ neocaledonicus ” in Costularia s. l. Rendle (1921) originally described Costularia neocaledonica Rendle, however, Clarke (1906) had already published a different species under the name Schoenus neocaledonicus C. B. Clarke. In 1927, Pfeiffer included the wrong species into Lophoschoenus, i. e., Lophoschoenus neocaledonicus (C. B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. Guillaumin (1957) later published a new species Lophoschoenus montis - fontium Guillaumin, which is now accepted as a heterotypic synonym of Rendle's species (Govaerts et al., 2017). Despite these two names in Lophoschoenus, Larridon et al. (2018) placed this species in their new genus Chamaedendron. According to Larridon et al. (2018), seven of the eight accepted species of Costularia subgenus Lophoschoenus, i. e. Costularia arundinacea (Sol. ex Vahl) Kük., Costularia breviseta J. Raynal, Costularia comosa (C. B. Clarke) Kük., Costularia pubescens J. Raynal, Costularia setacea J. Raynal, Costularia sylvestris J. Raynal, and Costularia stagnalis (Däniker) Kük., form a monophyletic lineage together with the species of reticulate-sheathed Tetraria. Although the placement of the eighth species, i. e. Costularia pilisepala (Steud.) J. Kern (the only Costularia subgenus Lophoschoenus which is not endemic to New Caledonia but instead occurs in Borneo and New Guinea), could not be confirmed in their molecular study, this species shares with this group noded culms and a reticulate tunic surrounding the culm base. Kükenthal (1939) placed one further species in Costularia subgenus Lophoschoenus, i. e. Costularia hornei (C. B. Clarke) Kük. Larridon et al. (2018) showed that the latter species is not part of the reticulate-sheathed Tetraria clade, but is instead more closely related to the genera Morelotia Gaudich. and Tetrariopsis C. B. Clarke (Fig. 1). Larridon et al. (2018) placed Costularia hornei in a new genus Xyroschoenus Larridon. The relationships between the species of Morelotia and Tetrariopsis need further study.	en	Larridon, I., Verboom, G. A., Muasya, A. M. (2018): Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *. South African Journal of Botany 118: 18-22, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007
03CA87C9FF82FF80FFE91708F5E1AFFF.taxon	discussion	The CFR species Epischoenus cernuus Levyns was published by Levyns (1958) in her revision of the genus Epischoenus. Elliott and Muasya (2017) discuss the taxonomic history of this genus, compare it to South African Tetraria species, and transfer seven species of Epischoenus (including the type species Schoenus quadrangularis Boeckeler) to Schoenus. However, Epischoenus cernuus was not transferred along with the other species of Epischoenus because its morphological affinity and phylogenetic position is nested in the reticulate-sheathed Tetraria clade, rather than the Schoenus clade of tribe Schoeneae (e. g. Verboom, 2006; Muasya et al., 2009; Viljoen et al., 2013; Larridon et al., 2018; Fig. 1).	en	Larridon, I., Verboom, G. A., Muasya, A. M. (2018): Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *. South African Journal of Botany 118: 18-22, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007
03CA87C9FF83FF81FC8F11B8F7F1A96A.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): Elynanthus compar (L.) Nees (accepted name: Schoenus compar L.)	en	Larridon, I., Verboom, G. A., Muasya, A. M. (2018): Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *. South African Journal of Botany 118: 18-22, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007
03CA87C9FF83FF86FC8F10FFF541A8DA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Aulacorhynchus crinifolius Nees (accepted name: Tetraria crinifolia (Nees) C. B. Clarke). Boeckeleria T. Durand, Index Gen. Phan.: 504 (1888), substitute name for Decalepis, nom. illeg. Type: Boeckeleria nigrovaginata (Nees) H. Pfeiff. (accepted name: Tetraria nigrovaginata (Nees) C. B. Clarke). Decalepis Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5: 509 (1884), nom. illeg. Type: Decalepis dregeana Boeckeler (accepted name: Tetraria nigrovaginata (Nees) C. B. Clarke). Lepisia C. Presl, Lepisia (preprint 1829); Symb. Bot. 1: 9 (1830). Type: Lepisia ustulata (L.) C. Presl (accepted name: Tetraria ustulata (L.) C. B. Clarke). Lophoschoenus Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 179 (1914). Lectotype (designated here): Lophoschoenus arundinaceus (Sol. ex Vahl) Stapf (accepted name: see. 7.2. Transfers from Costularia to Tetraria, nom. cons. prop.). Schoenopsis P. Beauv. ex T. Lestib., Essai Cypér.: 34 (1819). Lectotype (designated here): Schoenopsis fl exuosa (Thunb.) Nees (accepted name: Tetraria fl exuosa (Thunb.) C. B. Clarke). Sclerochaetium Nees, Linnaea 7: 511 (1832). Lectotype (designated here): Sclerochaetium thermale (L.) Nees (accepted name: Tetraria thermalis (L.) C. B. Clarke).	en	Larridon, I., Verboom, G. A., Muasya, A. M. (2018): Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *. South African Journal of Botany 118: 18-22, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007
