taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CA87CAFFCAC81E00A2F990FDA6B1C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ghost shrimps are usually strongly heterochelous. Only a few taxa have subequal chelipeds, such as eucalliacine genera Calliaxina Ngoc-Ho, 2003; and Eucalliax Manning & Felder, 1991. The chelipeds (P 1) of callianassid shrimps are laterally flattened and are subject of intraspecific variation as well as sexual dimorphism (or even polymorphism) (e. g. Manning & Felder 1986; Felder & Lovett 1989; Schweitzer Hopkins & Feldmann 1997; Swen et al. 2001; Mourik et al. 2005; East 2006). Manning & Felder (1991) turned attention to the characters on chelipeds, although they discussed extant American taxa only. The taxonomic importance of the chelipeds in systematics of callianassid genera was emphasized also by Ngoc-Ho (2003) when comparing genera within the subfamily Eucalliacinae. Such studies are considered of great importance for palaeontologists working with incompletely preserved individuals.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFCBC81F00A2FF12FCCEB7F2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Discussion of the fossil record of the subfamily was provided by Hyžný & Hudáčková (2012) and Hyžný (2012). Sakai (2011) reconsidered Eucalliacinae and elevated it to familial level. Moreover, he added the monogeneric Calliapaguropinae Sakai, 1999, to the Eucalliacidae. Following De Grave et al. (2009), the Eucalliacinae is treated here as subfamily. For a listing of all extant species of Eucalliacinae with the taxonomic history of their generic assignment, reference is made to Hyžný (2012: table 1). Since then, Sakai & Türkay (2014) erected another genus and species, Calliaxiopsis madagassa.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFCBC81200A2FB07FACCB745.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. — Callianassa (Callichirus) lobata de Gaillande & Lagardère, 1966. Extant species included. — Three species (including one referred species but not formally named): Calliax doerjesti Sakai, 1999 (Figs 3 A – B); Calliax lobata (de Gaillande & Lagardère, 1966) (Figs 3 C – D); Calliax sp. sensu Taviani et al. (2013). Fossil species included. – Calliax michelottii (A. Milne Edwards, 1860) comb. nov. More fossil occurrences in open nomenclature are recognized (see Table 1).	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFCBC81200A2FB07FACCB745.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace lacking dorsal oval; rostrum short, with blunt tip, rostral spine absent. Pleonal segment 2 longest, no lateral tufts of setae on segments 3 – 5. Telson slightly wider than long, lateral margin curved, posterior margin straight or slightly convex. Eyestalk about twice as long as wide, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally; cornea small, weakly pigmented. A 1 peduncle shorter than that of A 2. Mxp 1 epipod tapering anteriorly. Mxp 2 with small, leaf-like epipod. Mxp 3 subpediform (sensu Ngoc-Ho 2003), propodus and dactylus rounded, exopod absent. P 1 unequal, dissimilar. Major P 1 propodus rectangular, usually longer than high, fixed finger shorter than manus, with a double ridge accompanied by a furrow extending onto manus and parallel to the lower margin of propodus. Fixed finger as long as dactylus in major P 1, shorter than dactylus in minor P 1, with wide proximal gap and large triangular proximal tooth on cutting edge. Major P 1 carpus shorter than high, distinctly shorter than propodus. Major P 1 merus longer than high, keeled, lower margin armed with small spines. P 3 with small proximal heel on propodus, P 5 subchelate. Paired arthrobranch on Mxp 3 and P 1 – 4. Male and female Plp 1 uniramous male and female Plp 2 biramous, all lacking appendix interna, male Plp 2 with appendix masculina overreaching endopod. Plp 3 – 5 biramous, foliaceous, appendix interna finger-like in both sexes. Uropodal endopod and exopod slightly longer than telson, with rounded posterior margin; exopod with dorsal plate terminating in short distal setal row [emended from Ngoc-Ho (2003: 489) with characters on major P 1].	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFCBC81200A2FB07FACCB745.taxon	discussion	Remarks on the taxonomy. Calliax has a complex taxonomic history. The genus was erected by de Saint Laurent (1973) with Callianassa lobata de Gaillande & Lagardère, 1966, as the type species. Since then the concept of the genus has been changed several times (cf. Manning & Felder 1991; Sakai 1999, 2005, 2011; Ngoc- Ho 2003; Hyžný 2012; see also Dworschak 2007). Here the view of Ngoc-Ho (2003) and Sakai (2011) is adopted, and thus, only two formally described extant species are recognized. Discussion on distinguishing Calliax from related taxa based on soft-part morphology was provided by Ngoc-Ho (2003) and will not be repeated here. When dealing with chelipeds the two known extant species of Calliax can be characterized by unequal and dissimilar chelae, from which the minor one has „ fixed finger shorter than and separated from the dactylus by a wide gap, bearing a large triangular proximal tooth (Ngoc-Ho 2003: 490) “. This morphology approaches a subchelate cheliped state. Comparison of the illustrated major P 1 propodus of C. lobata (de Gaillande & Lagardère 1966: fig. 2 a; de Saint Laurent & Božić 1976: fig. 23; Ngoc-Ho 2003: fig. 17 D), C. doerjesti (Sakai 1999: figs. 28, 29 b) and Calliax sp. (Taviani et al. 2013: fig. 8) clearly shows consistency in its general shape, i. e. propodus is rectangular and usually longer than high and on its lateral surface the fixed finger possesses two ridges accompanied by furrow (or furrows) parallel to the lower margin of propodus and extending onto manus. The ridges are visible especially when viewing under low angle light (Fig. 2 C). There are several distinct setal pores (accompanied by tubercles) arranged obliquely across the lateral surface of propodus. In Calliax the major P 1 carpus is always much shorter than manus, with rounded proximo-lower margin (Fig. 3). The merus is longer than high with a distinct meral keel and its lower margin is usually armed with small spines. The above mentioned combination of the characters of minor chela and major propodus, carpus and merus is unique for Calliax; thus, the genus can be identified on the basis of chelipeds alone. The number of spines on the lower margin of P 1 merus may vary between respective members of Calliax and may help in distinguishing taxa at the species level, although possible variation has not been studied in detail yet. Regarding the number of meral spines, there are discrepancies in the literature. Sakai (1999: 114) in the description of C. doerjesti mentioned that the lower margin of the merus was “ armed with three interspaced denticles ”. One of the figures (Sakai 1999: fig. 29 b) indeed shows three small spines, however, in the other one (Sakai 1999: fig. 28) depicting the same specimen (holotype) the merus is armed with seven spines (Fig. 3 a). Ngoc-Ho (2003: fig. 17 D; note that the published figure depicts the right major chela, whereas the caption refers to it as the left one) figured the holotype (male) of C. lobata with seven spines on the merus and de Saint Laurent & Božić (1976: fig. 23 a) figured a female specimen of C. lobata also with seven spines. Calliax cf. C. lobata, examined and figured herein (Figs 2, 3 E – F), possesses only four blunt spines, presumably mirroring its small size (Fig. 4). Remarks on the fossil record. Articulated chelipeds are relatively sparse in the fossil state and often only isolated propodi are at hand. In this respect, the major P 1 propodus of Calliax is distinct enough to be differentiated from all other ghost shrimp genera. It must be stressed, however, that the more cheliped elements are found, the more secure assignment at the genus level can be provided. The best preserved and most numerous remains of Calliax in the fossil record belong to species originally described as Callianassa michelottii (Figs 5 – 10). It is discussed in detail below. Feldmann et al. (2005) reported several isolated cheliped elements from the Miocene of the Navidad Formation of Chile as Callianassoidea sp. 1. Although the authors stated that it does not resemble any callianassoid genus (Feldmann et al. 2005: 431), the figured material (Feldmann et al. 2005: fig. 2 A) exhibits striking similarities with Calliax as discussed herein. Interestingly, Callianassa szobensis Müller, 1984, which is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of C. michelottii (see below) and hence a member of Calliax, is mentioned by Feldmann et al. (2005) as similar to their Callianassoidea sp. 1. The same locality also yielded another specimen which has been identified as Callichirus sp. The figured propodus (Feldmann et al. 2005: fig. 2 A) shows a relatively short manus; however, the fixed finger with ridges and a furrow indicates its affinities to Callianassoidea sp. 1 (Feldmann et al. 2005: fig. 2 D). Both specimens are treated here as Calliax sp. 1. Feldmann et al. (2011) reported fragmented material from the Miocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) as “ Cheliped Form B ” of indeterminate callianassoid. As already noted by Hyžný & Hudáčková (2012: 13), the minor chela exhibits remarkable similarities to Calliax, (Feldmann et al. 2011: fig. 5 E) showing a fixed finger shorter than the dactylus and separated from it by a wide gap with a proximal tooth (cf. Ngoc-Ho 2003: 490). The major P 1 propodus (Feldmann et al. 2011: fig. 5 B), however, does not possess the ridges on the fixed finger. It is fairly likely that the two specimens do not belong to the same taxon, as they were not found associated with each other. For the purposes of this contribution only the minor chela is referred to here as Calliax sp. 2. Charbonnier et al. (2013) reported a single near-complete propodus from the Paleocene of Pakistan identified as a minor chela of Calliax. Indeed, the specimen shows all features typical for minor chelae of the genus (Charbonnier et al. 2013: fig. 2) as discussed above. This occurrence is considered the oldest confirmed fossil record of the genus, treated here as Calliax sp. 3. Callianassa whiteavesi Woodward, 1896 from the Campanian of Canada (Woodward 1896; Feldmann & McPherson 1980; Schweitzer et al. 2003) was assigned to Calliax by Schweitzer et al. (2003). The material is rich and sufficiently preserved to reconstruct both chelipeds (Feldmann & McPherson 1980). The species differs markedly from any Calliax species. It does not possess the typically shaped minor cheliped as discussed above, nor has it parallel ridges on the base of the fixed finger. Moreover, some specimens exhibit a rather deep dactylus, a character not observed in Calliax. As a result, the species is excluded from Calliax herein. Until the type material is restudied we suggest to keep the species under Callianassa sensu lato. Swen et al. (2001) reported a single fragmentary right propodus from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands as “ Calliax? sp. ”. The material is too fragmentary for resolving its generic status. The oblique development of the ridge at the base of fixed finger (Swen et al. 2001: fig. 5.3), however, points to closer affinities to Eucalliax or Calliaxina rather than Calliax. Van Bakel et al. (2006) listed in a table of Cenozoic decapods from Belgium the presence of Calliax in the Miocene strata. The material was recently described as a new member of the family Axiidae (Fraaije et al. 2011). Occurrence and distribution. Paleocene – Holocene. Two formally described extant species are known from West Atlantic (Florida) and Mediterranean (Sakai 2011). Based on the reports discussed above (Feldmann et al. 2005, 2011), the geographical distribution of the genus was much wider during the Miocene than today, and the genus was apparently also present in the East Pacific (see below). All occurrences are reviewed in Table 1.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	description	(Figs 5 A – D, 6 A – L, 7 A – M, 8 A – L, 9 A – I, 10 A – B)	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	description	„ Callianassa “ szobensis — Hyžný, 2011: table 2.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Major cheliped massive; merus longer than high (L / H = 2.2) with convex upper margin, carpus higher than long (L / H = 0.45), about half the length of manus or shorter, upper margin straight, proximolower margin regularly rounded and smooth in outline; propodus rectangular, longer than high, exhibiting two morphotypes (L / H = 1.1 – 1.2; 1.3 – 1.5); outer lateral surface of manus smooth, adorned with several tubercles; fixed finger shorter than manus, triangular, with two parallel ridges extending onto manus, lower (less developed) ridge positioned close to the lower propodal margin; occlusal margin of fixed finger serrated and adorned with a blunt tooth pointing up and forward; dactylus slender, with serrated occlusal margin and pointed tip.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	description	Description. Major cheliped massive. Merus longer than high (L / H = 2.2), with prominent keel along the midline; upper margin unarmed, convex; lower margin concave, serrated. Carpus higher than long (L / H = 0.45), upper margin straight or concave, proximolower margin regularly rounded and smooth in outline. Propodus rectangular, longer than high (L / H = 1.1 – 1.5), distinctly longer than carpus; upper and lower margins straight, parallel to each other, forming distinct keels on the inner sides, rounded proximally; distal margin straight, parallel to proximal margin, the base of the fixed finger may form a notch. Outer lateral surface of manus smooth, adorned with several tubercles (at the bases of setal pores) lying in a row positioned obliquely. Inner lateral surface of manus concave, with distinct depression at the base of fixed finger. Fixed finger shorter than manus, triangular, with two ridges extending onto manus, lower (less developed) ridge positioned close to the lower propodal margin, upper one (strongly developed) accompanied with several tubercles proximally; occlusal margin serrated and adorned with a blunt tooth pointing up and forward. Dactylus slender, with serrated occlusal margin and pointed tip. Variations. Major propodi of Calliax michelottii comb. nov. exhibit a certain degree of variation. When examining a large number of specimens, one can observe differences in the manus length / height ratio attaining values in two intervals, i. e. 1.1 – 1.2 (shorter morph) and 1.3 – 1.5 (longer morph). Unfortunately it is difficult to state whether it is intraspecific variation or if it mirrors sexual dimorphism. Polkowsky (2005) tentatively interpreted two morphotypes of C. michelottii as sexual dimorphs. Some propodi may possess a relatively well developed notch at the base of the fixed finger. Its development seems to be at least partly correlated with the size, but as already pointed out by Polkowsky (2005), the notch in the longer morphotype is usually better developed. Development of the ridges is a stable character, i. e. there are always two ridges present, and the lower one is rather faint. What differs in various propodi is the shape of the upper ridge in its proximalmost part. In some specimens it is straight, but in others it is curved downwards. The development of tubercles accompanying the upper ridge also varies, depending on the size of the animal. Glaessner (1928) reported strong ornamentation on the isolated propodi from Jarenina, Slovenia (Figs 8 A – B). This can, however, be ascribed mainly to preservational aspects. Specimens from Želiezovce, Slovakia (Špinar et al. 1965: fig. X- 184; refigured here as Fig. 8 L) and Szob, Hungary (Müller 1984: pl. 7, figs. 3, 4; refigured here as Figs 8 J – K) exhibit a similar pattern of ornamentation, although not so pronounced as in the material from Jarenina. Possibly it is related to calcification of the cuticle. Experimental data, which are lacking at this point of time, would help in elucidating this issue. Major P 1 carpus may have a concave upper margin (Fritsch 1871: pl. 17, fig. 9; refigured here as Fig. 6 E). A similarly concave upper margin was also observed in extant Calliax doerjesti (Sakai 1999: fig. 28, 29; Fig. 3 A). This feature may be related to age and / or size of the individual. For resolving this issue in Calliax michelottii comb. nov. more preserved carpi must be examined.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Only remains of major chelipeds have been examined: the holotype of Callianassa michelottii from Superga at Turin, Italy (MNHN-F-B 32690; Fig. 5); 21 fragmentary propodi and one carpus (NHMW 1874 / 0029 / 1154 a – v) from Sternberg, Germany (Fig. 7); one isolated propodus from Pinnow bei Schwerin, Germany (NHMW 1874 / 0029 / 1155; Fig. 7 I); one right propodus articulated with dactylus from Pucking, Austria (NHMW 2003 / 0026 / 0913; Fig. 8 C); entire articulated right cheliped from Neuhofen bei Tettenweis (NHMW 2010 / 0089 / 0001; Fig. 8 I); two isolated left propodi (RGA / SMNH 0773, 0779), two isolated right propodi (RGA / SMNH 0754, 0864), four articulated chelae consisting of propodus and dactylus (RGA / SMNH 1075, 1187) and even carpus and merus (RGA / SMNH 1069, 1191) from Kamnik-Košiše, Slovenia (Figs 9 A – H); right isolated propodus from the unknown site at Kamnik (Stein in Krain), Slovenia (GBA 2009 / 014 / 0027; Fig. 9 I); two isolated propodi from Jarenina (Jahring), Slovenia already reported (but not figured) by Glaessner (1928) (UMJGP 77873 – 77874; Figs 8 A – B); one right fragmentary propodus from Rohožník, Slovakia (KGP-MH RO- 001; Figs 8 D – H); holotype of Callianassa szobensis from Szob, Hungary (M. 2004.158.1; Figs 8 J – K). Occurrence. Oligocene (Rupelian) – Middle Miocene (Serravallian) of Europe. The oldest occurrence of the species is known from the Rupelian of the Mainz Basin, Germany (Fritsch 1871; Figs 6 A – G). The youngest one is from the Middle – Late Badenian (Serravallian) of Slovakia (herein). All confirmed occurrences are summarized in Table 2. For details see text below.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
03CA87CAFFC6C81700A2FEE5FBF2B745.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Callianassa michelottii was originally described based on isolated propodi (Fig. 5) from the Miocene of Superga hill near Turin, Italy (A. Milne Edwards 1860). A. Milne Edwards (1860: p. 211) noted that the presence of the keel on the fixed finger accompanied by the tubercles above it is unique not only for fossil species, but this character distinguishes the species from all extant callianassids known at that time as well. Indeed, the type species of Calliax was described more than a century later by de Gaillande & Lagardère (1966). Crema (1895) reported C. michelottii from the Middle Miocene of nearby localities in the Turin hills. Fritsch (1871) reported C. michelottii from the “ Middle ” Oligocene (Rupelian) “ Septarienthon ” of the Mainz Basin (W Germany). Interestingly, Fritsch (1871: pl. 17, figs 5 – 13) reported and also figured a small chela preserved together with the major P 1 propodus (Fig. 6 G). He tentatively interpreted it as remains of P 2, but it in fact represents a minor P 1 chela. The description of Fritsch (1871: 696) is very clear in this sense (“ Der bewegliche Finger steht auf einem weit nach vorn vorspringenden Theil des Ballens. Vom unbeweglichen Finger ist nu rein ganz geringer Theil sichtbar, warscheinlich war derselbe indess kurz, die hervortretenden Leisten desselben Gliedes der Vorderhand fehlen. ” English translation: Dactylus is located on the manus portion projecting forward. Only very small portion of the index is visible. It was probably short, although the tip is missing.) Fritsch (1871: 692) mentioned also the presence of the cephalothorax (“ Wohl liegt ein Exemplar vor, an welchem man Theile des kleinen dünnschaligen Cephalothorax und der seitlich zusammengedrückten hinteren Fusspaare erkennt, doch is dasselbe für eine Charakteristik des Thieres zu ungenügend erhalten. ” English translation: There is a sample in which the individual shows the preserved small cephalothorax with thin cuticle and the laterally compressed “ rear ” pereiopod. However, the preservation of both characters is insufficient.), but he did not figure it. The material of Fritsch (1871) was reexamined by Beurlen (1931); he confirmed much of what was already done in the original work. Noetling (1886: pl. 5, fig. 4; refigured here as Figs 6 H – K) reported the species from the Late Oligocene “ Sternberger Gestein ” of Kobrow, Germany. The latest contribution on Callianassa michelottii from this facies is that by Polkowsky (2005) who discussed at length the variation of the species as well as its geographic distribution. Lőrenthey (1907: pl. 1, fig. 5; refigured in Fig. 6 L) reported and figured undetermined isolated propodi from the Miocene of Cagliari, Sardinia. With two parallel ridges on the fixed finger, the specimen shows affinities to Calliax michelottii comb. nov., but possesses rather convex upper propodal margin, which is unusual for Calliax, although the character itself may reflect mere intraspecific variation. The material (collection of Lovisato) is considered lost (De Angeli & Garassino 2006); thus, the re-examination of the material is not possible. As a consequence, we treat the occurrence as questionable. Wagner-Klett (1919) reported Callianassa michelottii from the Oligocene Septarienton of Wiesloch, Germany. The figure he provided (Wagner-Klett 1919: pl. 2, fig. 1), however, does not conform to the diagnosis of the species. The specimen consisting of an articulated carpus, propodus, and dactylus shows no ridges on the fixed finger. The material was either not properly figured or it represents a different species. Glaessner (1928) reported the species from the Helvetian (Early Miocene) of Jahring (today's Jarenina, Slovenia) in the Styrian Basin. He, however, did not provide figures. The re-examination of the material by the senior author confirms the identification of the material (Figs 8 A – B). Beurlen (1939: 143) when discussing affinities of Callianassa brevimanus Beurlen, 1939, (currently recognized as a member of Lepidophthalmus Holmes, 1904; see Hyžný & Dulai in press) briefly mentioned C. michelottii as coming from the Oligocene of the Mainz Basin and Miocene of Italy and the Vienna Basin, however, without any further reference. It is supposed here that Beurlen (1939) mentioned the occurrence from the Vienna Basin erroneously, as there is no such published report known to the authors. He might have been referring to the published occurrence from the Styrian Basin by Glaessner (1928). Several chelae from the Middle Miocene (“ Badenian ”) of Želiezovce (Slovak part of the Danube Basin) figured by Houša in Špinar et al. (1965: figs. X- 184 – 185, refigured herein as 8 L) as Callianassa sp. can be clearly assigned to Callianassa michelottii. Unfortunately, the repeated search for the material was unsuccessful, thus, it is herein considered lost. Philippe & Secretan (1971) reported 10 fragmentary propodi from the Burdigalian of SE France. The figured specimens (Pl. C, figs. 13, 14) show the keeled fixed finger accompanied with furrows, thus, pointing to attribution of the material to Calliax. The age and location of the specimens would speak for indentification as C. michelottii. Without personal re-examination of the material, however, we are reluctant to treat the specimens as conspecific with C. michelottii. The description and figures of “ Callianassa ” szobensis Müller, 1984 from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) of Hungary fit the diagnosis and variations of C. michelottii. The propodus is longer than high, the fixed finger possesses two ridges parallel to one another, and there are tubercles on the lateral surface of the propodus (Figs 8 J – K). As a consequence, “ C. ” szobensis is considered a junior subjective synonym of C. michelottii. From the Miocene of Spain (Catalonia), Müller (1993: fig. 3 A) reported and figured an isolated propodus of a callianassid shrimp. He classified it as Callianassa cf. michelottii. The specimen, however, is rather dissimilar to C. michelottii; it does not possess a double ridge on the fixed finger and has the upper margin converging proximally, which is very atypical for the latter species. Calliax michelottii n. comb. is morphologically very close to its extant congeners. The upper margin of the major P 1 merus is, however, more convex in C. michelottii n. comb. (Fritsch 1871: pl. 17, fig. 9; see also Figs. 8 I), whereas it is rather straight in both extant species, C. doerjesti and C. lobata (Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 C, respectively). The development of spines on the lower margin of the major P 1 merus in Calliax michelottii comb. nov. is closer to that of C. lobata. The tooth formula of the occlusal margin of the fixed finger looks different in all three species, but this may be a matter of variation and is not considered taxonomically important here.	en	Hyžný, Matúš, Gašparič, Rok (2014): Ghost shrimp Calliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in the fossil record: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 37-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.3
