taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CDF150FFD7960275A541D5FDB4F8C6.taxon	description	Head: surface with distinctive light and dark markings (Figs 6, 8, 10, 12), specific to this species; noteworthy the presence of spots (b), between (a) and (c) (Fig. 6); a pattern formed by a triangle (f) and a line (d) delimiting a white marking (e) (Fig. 10) disappearing almost entirely in last instar; a light line along the inner margin of compound eyes, a dark colouration behind the ocelli (Figs 8, 12). Labrum, rather slender, R _ LBR = 4.3 – 5.4; anterior margin with one row of bristles, stout and short in the middle and elongated outwardly (Figs 40, 44). Mandible with a prostheca bearing 5 – 8 bristles (N _ PRO), all bristles evenly thick, at the most the basal one a little thinner (Fig. 42). Addition of right and left N _ PRO: 10 – 15 bristles. Maxillae with a row of 16 – 23 comb-shaped setae on anterior margin (N _ CBS), the 5 th (starting from inner side) bearing 8 – 13 teeth (N _ TCB), outer margin of galea-lacinia with 4 – 20 setae (N _ OUT), inner margin and ventral face of the first segment of palpus bearing 5 – 29 thin setae (N _ PLP). Hypopharynx with laterally expanded superlinguae, densely covered with long thin setae, apex of lobes with long setae (as E. gridellii in Fig. 49), sometimes missing when worn or very difficult to see because obscured by dirt as in Fig. 48. Labium, ventral face, only inner third of the paraglossae with bristles (rarely reaching half of the width) (Fig. 46), R _ GLA = 2.8 – 3.7, R _ GLB = 2.7 – 3.2. Thorax: Pronotum with a well contrasted pattern but no reddish-brown spot (h), the lateral margins regularly rounded with a dark line (g) (Fig. 16). Mesonotum with several light brown markings, and a brown semilunar vertical one (arrow in Figs 18, 20). Coxa bicoloured: proximal half white, distal half dark grey (Figs 28, 30). Thoracic sterna: sclerites light, imaginal colouration becoming brown during nymph development. Legs: well contrasted pattern rather similar between fore-, mid and hind legs (Figs 28, 33). Femora dorsal face with four markings (distal ones can be joined) forming a white cross always reaching the anterior and the posterior margins, strong contrast visible at all instars (Figs 4, 32, 33); ventral face of femora with a large spot, generally double, a dark cuticular spot (Fig. 27, k) covering a reddish epidermal one (Fig. 27, j) already visible in young nymphs (Fig. 32); medium sized blunt pointed bristles on the dorsal face of forefemora (Fig. 36), more peaked in mid and hind femora (Fig. 37); only one (sometimes none) strong spine in the middle of the ventral face of all femora, near the outer margin (N _ BVF). Tibia contrasted, distal quarter and proximal third light, middle darker (Figs 28, 33); pectinate setae scarce on foretibia, numerous on mid and hind tibia (Fig. 35, inset). Tarsi with proximal and distal part darkened (mainly on dorsal face), exceptionally forming a distinct ring on distal part; claws with 2 teeth, rarely 3 (N _ CLW). Abdomen: Terga with contrasted markings: terga IV – V (sometimes also VI) generally with a large dark triangle on the anterior margin (Fig. 2), in dark nymphs, only light spots subsisting; terga posterior margin light, rarely with grey line on terga I – VIII, absent on tergum IX; terga II – VII with anterolaterally a very tiny, light, reddish-brown spot, generally covered by the previous tergum, smaller than the posterolateral one (Fig. 22); terga II – IX posterolaterally with a reddish-brown spot, faint in terga VIII-IX (Fig. 22); no contrast between terga VII and VIII – X (Fig. 2); tergum X dark with a light marking on each side (Fig. 14); posterior margin of each tergum with thin and elongated spines with microdenticulations at their bases. Sterna II – VIII with a dark, arch-shaped cuticular pattern, epidermis always entirely light (Fig. 24), except some nymphs with only a very faint pattern becoming brown as E. gridellii in Fig. 25; ganglionic chain brownish, only last ganglion and the thoracic ones larger and darker violet (Fig. 24). In the male last instar nymphs, styliger processes and titillator visible through sternum IX, but titillators too poorly formed to be diagnostic. Gill I tongue-shaped, gills II – VI broad and asymmetrical, gill VII elongated, narrow at apex and slightly pointed (Fig. 50). Paracercus and cerci light, becoming darker only in the last instars, colouration fading apically. Male imago: Length: body 7.5 – 9 mm, forewing 8.5 – 10 mm, cerci 20 – 25 mm. Head: Eyes clearly separated, sclerite joining the compound eyes weakly rounded forming a wide V (Fig. 84). Thorax: dark brown (Figs 52, 54). Wings veins yellowish-brown; costa, subcosta and radius anterior brighter yellow; distal half of costal and subcostal fields sometimes milky (Fig. 64). Distal part or entire forefemora darkened (Figs 60 – 61); mid and hind femora dorsally with a brown spot at the distal third and a second spot, variably visible at the proximal third (Fig. 60); ventral face of mid and hind femora with a brown spot at the distal third (Fig. 61). Abdomen: Terga dorsally all uniform medium brown with a pair of lighter comma-shaped markings (Fig. 56); posterolaterally a darker marking and laterally a light area (Fig. 54), anterolaterally sometimes very slightly brownish (Fig. 54). Sterna pale with a large subtriangular light orange-brown marking covering more or less the entire face, ganglia violet (Fig. 58). Cerci brown, colouration fading to the apex. Penis lobes regularly rounded, can be slightly bent outwards, distance between lobes ranging from zero up to a ninth of a penis lobe width (Fig. 68), numerous small dorsal spines basolaterally on penis lobes (Fig. 72). Titillator massive, with generally two teeth, shape variable (Figs 75 – 78). Styliger almost straight with lateral humps (Fig. 66). Female imago: Length: body 7.5 – 10 mm, forewing 10 – 12 mm, cerci 16 – 20 mm. Same general colouration as in male, but lighter; no colour difference between abdomen and thorax (Figs 86, 88). Wings with same colouration as in male (Fig. 90). Rusty colouration behind ocelli (n), area between the pair of ocelli and the compound eyes not darkened (l), sclerite joining the compound eyes with only laterally a distinct thin brown line on the margin (Fig. 98, m). Subgenital plate covering about half of sternum VIII surface, subanal plate tapering to apex, in apical view narrow and lateral margins rolled up towards the inside (Figs 94, 95). Male and female subimago: Same colouration as imago, but paler. Wings without pattern, entirely grey. Egg: Dimensions: 150 / 110 µm; micropyle: 10 / 6.5 µm. Chorion entirely and regularly covered with relatively dense microgranules, KCT’s evenly distributed over the surface, but more concentrated and somewhat larger on one pole (about the third of the egg) (Fig. 100). Micropyle bordered with the same microgranules as surface (Fig. 101).	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFD7960275A541D5FDB4F8C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Michel Brulin (France), the initiator and driving force of the inventory of mayflies in France. A man who, despite his vast knowledge, remains humble and amazed by the life of these insects.	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFD7960275A541D5FDB4F8C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nymph: general colouration contrasted, all femora with a large spot on the ventral face; two teeth on claws; 1 bristle (can miss) on ventral face of femora, near the outer margin; bristles of femora bluntly pointed; prostheca consisting in 5 – 7 bristles (Fig. 42). The nymph of Electrogena ozrensis (Tanasijevic, 1975) has not yet been described. Nevertheless, samples and rearing were performed in April 2017 close to the type-locality in Tuzla (Bosnia). On the basis of the original description, it was possible to link the reared imagines with E. ozrensis, and then with the nymphs. This work being not a revision of the genus Electrogena, we add only some elements allowing to separate Electrogena brulini sp. nov. from the other cited species; essentially based on the present work and on the complete work of Belfiore (1997): - the double large reddish and grey spot on the ventral face of femora has never been mentioned in European Electrogena species. Nevertheless, this character should not be confused with other colourations that are common: E. affinis usually with a single well- marked spot; E. lateralis sometimes with a faint spot; E. quadrilineata and E. ozrensis with a similar double coloured spot, but the cuticular one more extended, reaching nearly the inner and the outer margins; E. ujhelyii only with a variable cuticular colouration, a transverse distal band (can reach the apex), a longitudinal band on the inner margin, up to almost the whole face grey in dark populations. - the absence of thin setae along the anterior margin of femora discriminates E. brulini from E. affinis. - the presence of two teeth on the claws discriminates E. brulini from E. lateralis and E. lunaris (one tooth) and generally from E. affinis (usually three teeth). - the absence of several spines on the ventral face of all femora discriminates E. brulini from E. fallax, E. ozrensis, E. quadrilineata, E. ujhelyii and Anapos zebratus. - the middle sized blunted bristles on the dorsal face of femora discriminates E. brulini from the long, narrow and pointed bristles as in E. gridellii, from the rounded distal bristles as in E. grandiae and E. hyblaea, from the truncate parallel bristles as in E. ozrensis and E. quadrilineata. - the few bristles forming the prostheca discriminates E. brulini from E. gridellii. - the sterna colouration in E. brulini (Fig. 24) is less extensive, lateral spots not reaching the posterior margin as in E. ujhelyii (Fig. 26). This precision may be important, since both species are sympatric in Friuli-Venetia. - the regular and more or less symmetrical form of the expansions of the pronotum discriminates it from Electrogena braaschi (Sowa, 1984) which has a unique form of expansions, extending forwards. Imago: dorsal face of mid and hind femora with a distinct and an indistinct dark band (Fig. 60); ventral face of mid and hind femora with a distinct dark spot (Fig. 61); venation of wings pale brownish; terga pale reddish-brown, posterolaterally a brown spot and anterolaterally a very slightly brownish little marking (Figs 54, 56, 88); titillators with 2 apico-lateral teeth (Figs 75 – 78). In nymph stage, E. brulini can currently be discriminated from all other species except E. calabra. As we had no fresh specimens and as the meristic and ratio characters are of no help to discriminate E. brulini from E. calabra in the nymph stage, the adults have to be compared to exclude a possible synonymy. In imagines, the very inconspicuous spots of the terga discriminate E. brulini from E. calabra which has, according to Bauernfeind & Soldan (2012) “ Basolaterally a rounded dark reddish spot near the anterior border and a smaller dot near the posterior border of segments II – VIII ”. In E. brulini, the comparison of Figs 2 / 52 and 3 / 53 shows that the cuticular colouration is little conservative, but the comparison of Figs 22 / 54 and 23 / 55 shows that the epidermal lateral spots are more conservative. As we observed such characteristics in our rearing of different Electrogena species, we can assume that it is true in E. calabra too. In females, the comparison with the original description seems to indicate that the subgenital plate covers about ¾ of sternum VIII surface in E. calabra (only about the half in E. brulini) and that the subanal plate does not taper to the apex in E. calabra. This imaginal colouration, represented in Belfiore (1995) and the characteristics of the subgenital and subanal plates, exclude a synonymy. Nevertheless, a thorough study is needed to better separate the two species in both adult and nymph stages.	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFD7960275A541D5FDB4F8C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: HOLOTYPE: 1 male nymph (preserved in ethanol), CH / TI, Meride, Gaggiolo, 45.8973 ° N 8.9382 ° E 715 m, 3. V. 2014, A. Wagner leg (GBIFCH 00341000) [MZL]. PARATYPES: 16 males, 15 females, 36 nymphs, 4 male subimagines, 2 female subimagines: same sampling data as the holotype; 35 nymphs: same locality as holotype, 18. IV. 2014; 1 nymph: CH / TI, Stabio, Gaggiolo, 45.8388 ° N 8.9129 ° E 379 m, 18. IV. 2014; 1 nymph: CH / TI, Arzo, Gaggiolo, Arzo, 45.8753 ° N 8.9448 ° E 492 m, 18. IV. 2014; 3 nymphs: CH / TI, Arzo, Gaggiolo, upstream of Arzo, 45.8787 ° N 8.9494 ° E 507 m, 18. IV. 2014; 18 nymphs: IT / LO, Valle Santa Croce, Torrente Molgoretta, 45.7176 ° N 9.3448 ° E 304 m, 4. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Buja, Fiume Ledra, 46.2282 ° N 13.1086 ° E 175 m, 6. IV. 2015; 11 nymphs: IT / FV, Povoletto, Via Reclusane, 46.2658 ° N 13.3126 ° E 158 m, 6. IV. 2015; 7 nymphs: IT / FV, Savogna, Torrente Rieca, 46.1845 ° N 13.5821 ° E 541 m, 6. IV. 2015; 24 nymphs: IT / FV, Stregna, Torrente Erbezzo, 46.1287 ° N 13.5699 ° E 232 m, 6. IV. 2015; 16 nymphs: IT / FV, Prepotto, Fiume Judrio, 46.0826 ° N 13.5434 ° E 145 m, 6. IV. 2015; 18 nymphs: SL / LC, Kocevje, Reka, 45.5695 ° N 14.8051 ° E 512 m, 8. IV. 2015; 4 nymphs: SL / LC, Kocevje, Gornja Briga, 45.5327 ° N 14.7935 ° E 625 m, 8. IV. 2015; 3 nymphs: SL / LC, Kostel, Kolpa tributary, 45.4646 ° N 14.8425 ° E 242 m, 8. IV. 2015; 2 nymphs: SL / LC, Ribnica, Ribnica tributary, 45.7359 ° N 14.7103 ° E 488 m, 8. IV. 2015; 6 nymphs: SL / LC, Sodrazica, Bistrica, Jelovec, 45.7691 ° N 14.6222 ° E 547 m, 8. IV. 2015; 12 nymphs: SL / LC, Sodrazica, Bistrica, Zimarice, 45.7763 ° N 14.6111 ° E 552 m, 8. IV. 2015; 4 nymphs: SL / LC, Sodrazica, Podklanec, 45.7655 ° N 14.5811 ° E 581 m, 8. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: SL / IC, Bloke, Bloscica, 45.7879 ° N 14.4761 ° E 727 m, 8. IV. 2015 [all MZL]; 3 male imagines, 3 female imagines, 3 nymphs: CH / TI, Meride, Gaggiolo, Spinorolo, 45.8973 ° N 8.9382 ° E 616 m, 3. V. 2014 [NHMW]; 12 nymphs: IT / FV, Grimaco, Rio Godriana, 46.1574 ° N 13.5941 ° E 292 m, 6. IV. 2015 [NHMW]; 12 nymphs: SL / LC, Kocevje, Kocevska Reka, 45.5695 ° N 14.8051 ° E 512 m, 8. IV. 2015 [NHMW]. Other material examined: 1 nymph: CH / TI, Chiasso, Breggia, 45.8407 ° N 9.0218 ° E 230 m, 6. III. 1948, J. Aubert leg; 1 nymph: CH / TI, Stabio, Laveggio, 45.8463 ° N 8.9399 ° E 340 m, 15. III. 1990, B. Jann leg; 3 nymphs: CH / TI, Meride, Gaggiolo, Spinorolo, 45.8973 ° N 8.9382 ° E 616 m, 3. IV. 2012, B. Jann leg; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Buja, Fiume Ledra, Andreuzza, 46.2068 ° N 13.0947 ° E 171 m, 6. IV. 2015; 4 nymphs: IT / FV, Attimis, Torrente Racchiusano, 46.1733 ° N 13.3330 ° E 230 m, 6. IV. 2015; 2 nymphs: IT / FV, Savogna, Torrente Rieca, 46.1845 ° N 13.5821 ° E 541 m, 6. IV. 2015; 3 nymphs: IT / FV, Grimaco, Rio Godriana, 46.1574 ° N 13.5941 ° E 292 m, 6. IV. 2015; 30 nymphs: IT / FV, San leonardo, Torrente Cosizza, 46.1492 ° N 13.5638 ° E 218 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Prepotto, Fiume Judrio tributary, 46.0827 ° N 13.5427 ° E 147 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: SL / LC, Kostel, Kolpa tributary, 45.4646 ° N 14.8425 ° E 242 m, 8. IV. 2015; 14 nymphs: SL / IC, Bloke, Bloscica, 45.7879 ° N 14.4761 ° E 727 m, 8. IV. 2015, A. Wagner leg [MZL].	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFC2961175A5466CFBDAF9BE.taxon	description	Head: surface little contrasted (Figs 7, 9, 11, 13); noteworthy the presence of a double sagittal faint (sometimes lacking) triangular marking on the anterior margin of head (a) and a lateral light zone ahead the compound eyes (c) (Fig. 7); no contrasted pattern on the posterior part (Fig. 11), only a greyish band on the posterior margin; a dark marking touching the compound eyes, no colouration behind the ocelli (Figs 9, 13). Labrum rather slender R _ LBR = 4.2 – 4.6. Mandible with a prostheca bearing 9 – 20 bristles (N _ PRO), the first bristles thick, then the size of them tapering, often ending with very tiny hairy bristles (not counted) (Fig. 43). Addition of right and left N _ PRO: 22 – 39 bristles. Maxillae with a row of 19 – 26 comb-shaped setae on anterior margin (N _ CBS), the 5 th (starting from inner side) with 10 – 15 teeth (N _ TCB), outer margin of galea-lacinia bearing 11 – 43 setae (N _ OUT), inner margin and ventral face of the first segment of palpus bearing 24 – 46 thin setae (N _ PLP). Hypopharynx with laterally expanded superlinguae, densely covered with long thin setae, apex of lobes with long setae (Fig. 49), sometimes missing when worn or very difficult to see because obscured by dirt as E. brulini in Fig. 48. Labium, ventral face, bristles reaching about half of the width of the paraglossae (Fig. 47), inner distal margin can be concave, R _ GLA = 3.1 – 5.2, R _ GLB = 2.5 – 3.0. Thorax: Pronotum without a pattern, faint, but presence of a reddish-brown spot (h), usually hidden by the head, the lateral margins regularly rounded with a faint greyish line (g) (Fig. 17). Mesonotum with several light brown markings and an oval-shaped spot in young instars (arrow in Fig. 19), becoming an oblique semilunar marking (arrow in Fig. 21). Coxa little contrasted: proximal half white, distal part greyish (Fig. 31). Thoracic sterna: sclerites light, imaginal colouration becoming brown during nymph development. Legs: faint ornamentation rather similar between fore-, mid and hind legs (Figs 29, 34). Femora dorsal face with four (some can be joined) less contrasted brownish spots delimiting an often incomplete light cross, the weak contrast disappearing in the last instars (Fig. 29); ventral face of femora very rarely with a greyish cuticular suffusion in last instars; all femora with long, narrow and pointed bristles on the dorsal face (Figs 38, 39); only one (can miss) strong spine in the middle of the ventral face of all femora, near the outer margins (N _ BVF). Tibia faint, when contrasted, only the apex lighter; pectinate setae scarce on foretibia, numerous on mid and hind tibia (as E. brulini Fig. 35, inset). Tarsi distal quarter slightly darkened (mainly on dorsal face), exceptionally forming a less or more visible ring on distal part, colouration not strengthening toward the proximal part; claws with 2 teeth, rarely 1 or 3, exceptionally 0 or 4 (N _ CLW). Abdomen: Terga with little contrasted markings: terga (III) IV – VI (VII – VIII) anterior margin: grey slender triangle in the middle (Fig. 3); terga (IV – VI and VIII – X) posterior margin: grey line, not visible when fused with entirely dark terga; terga II – VIII anterolateral epidermal brown spot larger than the posterolateral one (Fig. 23), anterolateral spot hidden under the preceding terga in small nymphs, growing up to last instar (Figs 23); terga II – VII posterolaterally with a reddish-brown spot (Fig. 23); in the last instars, tergum VII (darker) contrasting with terga VIII – X (Fig. 3), tergum X anterior half brownish with a light area in the middle, posterior half white with only a slight line on the posterior margin (Fig. 15); posterior margin of each tergum with thin and elongated spines with microdenticulations at their bases. Sterna: no cuticular colouration except a light greyish stain, epidermis light in young nymphs, becoming brown in last instars (Fig. 25); ganglionic chain brownish pigmented, thoracic ganglia a bit darker, in last instars, ganglia hardly visible due to the dark epidermal colouration (Fig. 25). In the male last instar nymphs, styliger processes and titillator already visible through sternum 9, but titillators not enough formed to be diagnostic. Gill I tongue-shaped, gills II – VI broad and asymmetrical, gill VII elongated, narrow at apex and slightly pointed (Fig. 51). Paracercus and cerci light, becoming darker only in the last instars, colouration fading apically. Male imago: Length: body 11 – 13 mm, forewing 12 – 14 mm, cerci 31 – 36 mm. Head: Eyes clearly separated, sclerite joining the compound eyes W-shaped, generally well-marked (Fig. 85). Thorax: dark brown (Figs 53, 55). Wings veins all dark brown (Fig. 65). Central part or entire forefemora darkened (Figs 62 – 63); mid and hind femora dorsally with a very light transversal brown band (Fig. 62); ventral face at most with a barely visible band (Fig. 63). Abdomen: Terga II – VII (VIII) anterior margin brown with a pair of large subtriangular markings pointed backwards reaching or not the posterior margin and a dark marking between them, posterior margin darkened (as female in Fig. 87), these markings can be fused, covering the dorsal surface (Fig. 53); in lateral view, the subtriangular markings are fused with the anterolateral and the posterolateral markings of the preceding tergum building a large oblique band (Fig. 55). Sterna pale with a large subtriangular light orange-brown marking covering more or less the entire face, ganglia violet (Fig. 59). Cerci brown, colouration fading to the apex. Penis lobes subrhomboidal, narrowed towards the apex, slightly bent inwards (Fig. 69), only a few small dorsal spines basolaterally on penis lobes (Fig. 73). Titillator convex before the unique tooth, than concave until a more or less visible basal tip (Figs 79 – 81). Styliger almost straight with lateral humps (as E. brulini on Fig. 66), but humps can be very inconspicuous as in Fig. 67. Female imago: Length: body: 11 – 14 mm, forewing: 14 – 17 mm, cerci: 25 – 32 mm. Same general colouration as in male; only thorax somewhat lighter (Figs 87, 89). Wings veins all medium brown (Fig. 91). Light area behind the pair of ocelli (n), area between the pair of ocelli and the compound eyes dark (l), sclerite joining the compound eyes with an extended dark brown area (Fig. 99, m). Subgenital plate covering ¾ of the sternum VIII surface, subanal plate in ventral and apical view rounded (Figs 96, 97). Male and female subimago: Same colouration as imago, but paler. Wings without pattern, entirely grey. Egg: Dimensions: 155 / 120 µm; micropyle: 11 / 6.5 µm. Chorion entirely and regularly covered with relatively dense microgranules, KCT’s evenly distributed over the surface, more concentrated only on a very restricted area of one pole (Fig. 102). Micropyle bordered with the same microgranules as surface (Fig. 103).	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFC2961175A5466CFBDAF9BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nymph: general colouration faded, femora without spot on the ventral face, two teeth on tarsal claws; (0) 1 bristle on ventral face of femora, near the outer margin; bristles of femora long, thin and pointed; prostheca consisting in 9 – 20 bristles (Fig. 43), terga anterolateral spot smaller than the posterolateral one (Fig. 23). Imago: dorsal face of mid and hind femora with an inconspicuous band (Fig. 62); ventral face of mid and hind femora without colouration (Fig. 63); wings veins dark brown in male (Fig. 65), medium brown in female (Fig. 91); terga well contrasted, white and dark brown, posterolateral and anterolateral spots well visible forming an oblique streak (Figs 55, 57, 89); titillators with 1 apico-lateral tooth (Figs 79 – 81). Although many differences in colorations make it possible to easily separate E. brulini from E. gridellii, the two species have always been confused because the value of colouration characters is underrated (or because of the use of old faded specimens); therefore those characters are generally omitted. Among colouration characters are true patterns, but also simple colourations which seem to have even less taxonomic importance. However, some of these are conservative characters, visible both in nymphs and adults, and have been positively tested as to their discriminating value to separate E. brulini from E. gridellii. Only the discriminating characters between E. gridellii and E. brulini tested and easily usable in the vast majority of cases are presented here. At the nymphal stage: - all colourations of E. brulini contrasted, those of E. gridellii very dull. - pattern and different markings contrasted on the head in E. brulini (Figs 6,8,10, a – f), no pattern and only some pale markings (notice the absence of spot (b)) in E. gridellii (Figs 7, 9, 11). - each prostheca consisting in 5 - 8 bristles (all bristles evenly thick, at the most the basal one a little thinner) in E. brulini (Fig. 42), 9 – 20 bristles (the first bristles thick, then the size of them tapering, often ending with very tiny hairy bristles) in E. gridellii (Fig. 43). - pronotum with a contrasted pattern but no reddish-brown spot (h), the lateral margins with a dark line (g) in E. brulini (Fig. 16), faint, but presence of a reddish-brown spot (h), usually hidden by the head, the lateral margin with a faint greyish line (g) in E. gridellii (Fig. 17). - mesonotum with brown semilunar vertical markings in all instars in E. brulini (arrow in Figs 18, 20), ovalshaped spot becoming an oblique semilunar marking in E. gridellii (Figs 19, 21). - femora ventral face always with a visible dark (generally double) spot in E. brulini (Fig. 27), at most with a greyish cuticular suffusion in the last instars in E. gridellii. - bristles of dorsal face medium sized blunt pointed on forefemora, more peaked in mid and hind femora in E. brulini (Figs 36, 37), thin, long and pointed on all femora long in E. gridellii (Figs. 38, 39). - coxa bicoloured, proximal half white, distal half dark grey in E. brulini (Figs 28, 30, 32), little contrasted in E. gridellii (Fig. 31). - tibia contrasted, distal quarter and proximal third light, middle darker in E. brulini (Fig. 28, 32, 33), entirely faint, when contrasted, only the apex lighter in E. gridellii. - tergum X dark with a light marking on each side in E. brulini (Fig. 14), anterior half brownish with a light area in the middle, posterior half white with only a slight line on the posterior margin in E. gridellii (Fig. 15). - sterna with an arch-shaped cuticular pattern, epidermis always entirely light in E. brulini (Fig. 24), without cuticular pattern, epidermis light in young nymphs, becoming brown in last instars in E. gridellii (Fig. 25). At imaginal stages: - general colouration of abdomen uniform in E. brulini (Figs 56, 86), contrasted in E. gridellii (Figs 57, 87). - wings veins yellowish-brown; costa, subcosta and radius anterior brighter yellow in E. brulini (Figs. 64, 90), regularly dark brown in male, medium brown in female in E. gridellii (Figs 65, 91). - mid and hind femora dorsally with a brown spot at the distal third and a second spot, variably visible, in the proximal third in E. brulini (Fig. 60), with a very light transversal brown band in E. gridellii (Fig. 62). - mid and hind femora ventrally with a brown spot at the distal third in E. brulini (Fig. 61), at most with a barely visible band in E. gridellii (Fig. 63). - male: sclerite joining the compound eyes weakly rounded forming a wide V in E. brulini (Fig. 84), W-shaped in E. gridellii (Fig. 85). - male: titillator massive, straight or concave before the two teeth (rarely one or three), but no basal tip in E. brulini (Figs 75 – 78), convex before the unique tooth, than concave until a more or less visible basal tip (Figs 79 – 81). - female: subgenital plate covering about half of sternum VIII surface in E. brulini (Fig. 95), covering ¾ of the sternum in E. gridellii (Fig. 97). - female: subanal plate tapering to apex, in apical view narrow and lateral margins rolled up towards the inside in E. brulini (Figs 94, 95), subanal plate in ventral and apical view rounded in E. gridellii (Figs 96, 97). At both stages: - nymph pattern (Fig. 10, d - f) disappearing, only narrow coloured lines remaining laterally on posterior margin in female imagines in E. brulini (Fig. 98, m), nymph posterior part of the head with only a greyish band (so faint that it is not visible on photos) on the posterior margin, becoming a large centered brown band in female imagines in E. gridellii (Fig. 99, m). - a light line along the inner margins of compound eyes, a dark colouration behind the ocelli (Figs 8, 12); characters still present in female imagines in E. brulini (Fig. 98, 1, n), a dark marking touching the compound eyes, no colouration behind the ocelli (Figs 9, 13); characters still present in female imagines in E. gridellii (Fig. 99, 1, n). - terga anterolateral spot small and hidden, posterolateral bigger in E. brulini (Figs 22, 54, 88, 92), anterolateral spot large, posterolateral spot little developed in nymphs, grows and merges with dorsal coloration in E. gridellii imagines (Figs 23, 55, 89, 93).	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFC2961175A5466CFBDAF9BE.taxon	description	Rationales for the proposed synonymy. The type material of E. vipavensis currently housed in MZL is composed of the following items: - the holotype, a male subimago (N ° 4155) with corresponding exuvia on slide (N ° 4155 _ D _ a _ male). Subimago: sclerite joining the compound eyes W-shaped, styliger straight with lateral humps, all the colouration faded, but the drawings in the original description fits with our contrasted E. gridellii subimagines: anterior margin of terga III – V with a pair of subtriangular markings pointed backwards and a spot between them, posterior margin darkened, posterolateral part of terga III – V with a dark marking near the border fused with the anterior margin marking of next tergum, an oval white area oblique from the anterolateral corner. Exuvia: all femora with long, narrow and pointed bristles on the dorsal face, N _ BVF: 0, N _ CLW: 2, N _ PRO: 11 / 11. According to all observed characters we found no difference between the holotype and E. gridellii. - paratype female abdominal segments VII – X (N ° 4175) with corresponding exuvia on slide (N ° 4175 _ a _ fem) (assumed to be the paratype drawn in the original description because of the precision « fem » on the exuvia slide) and the forewings on slide (N ° 4175 _ b). According to the original drawing, the pattern of the terga III – V in lateral view is composed by the following elements: a large oval white area oblique from anterolateral corner, an anterolateral spot, posterolateral spots, a lateral dark streak at base of terga, central part of the subanal plate tapering towards apex. Exuvia: all femora with long, narrow parallel and truncate bristles on the dorsal face, N _ BVF: numerous, N _ CLW: 2, N _ PRO: 9 / 9. According to all observed characters we found no difference between this paratype and E. ujhelyii except that the 2 – 3 posterolateral spots of the original drawing are usually fused in E. ujhelyii. - paratype female abdominal segments VII – X (N ° 4291) with corresponding exuvia on slide (slide 4291 _ a). Exuvia: all femora with long, narrow and pointed bristles on the dorsal face, N _ BVF: 0, N _ CLW: 2, N _ PRO: 9. New identification: E. gridellii. - paratype female abdominal segments VII – X (N ° 4223). Central part of the subanal plate tapering towards apex, but not sufficient for a secure identification: E. cf ujhelyii. - paratype female abdominal segments VII – X (N ° 4198) plus a second sample with 5 legs and 1 forewing (same number N ° 4198). Not sufficient for identification: Electrogena sp. Together with the type material and from the same sampling data: one exuvia named E. ozrensis on slide (N ° 4167 _ a). All femora with long, narrow and pointed bristles on the dorsal face, N _ BVF: 0, N _ CLW: 2, N _ PRO: 14. New identification: E. gridellii. Our examination of the type material of E. vipavensis indicates that the holotype, male subimago (N ° 4155) and its exuvia on slide (N ° 4155 _ D _ a _ male) and the female paratype exuvia on slide (N ° 4291 _ a) are conspecific with E. gridellii. Therefore, we propose that Electrogena vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 should be considered as a subjective junior synonym of Electrogena gridellii (Grandi, 1953) syn. nov. After comparison of the original drawing with our material and re-investigation of the female paratype exuvia slide (N ° 4175 _ a _ fem), we consider that this specimen is conspecific with E. ujhelyii.	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
03CDF150FFC2961175A5466CFBDAF9BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 97 male imagines, 45 female imagines, 8 nymphs, 140 nymph exuviae, 31 male subimagines, 39 female subimagines: IT / FV, San Dorligo della Valle, Rosandra, Bagnoli Superiore, 45.6195 ° N 13.8654 ° E 91 m, 9. IV. 2015 (emerged 9. IV – 23. V. 2015); 75 nymphs: same locality, 7. IV. 2015; 11 nymphs: IT / FV, Povoletto, Via Reclusane, 46.2658 ° N 13.3126 ° E 158 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Attimis, Rio Valle tributary, 46.1748 ° N 13.3211 ° E 177 m, 6. IV. 2015; 6 nymphs: IT / FV, Attimis, Torrente Racchiusano, 46.1733 ° N 13.3330 ° E 230 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Stregna, Torrente Erbezzo, 46.1287 ° N 13.5699 ° E 232 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Prepotto, Fiume Judrio, 46.0826 ° N 13.5434 ° E 145 m, 6. IV. 2015; 15 nymphs: IT / FV, Prepotto, Fiume Judrio tributary, 46.0827 ° N 13.5427 ° E 147 m, 6. IV. 2015; 1 nymph: SL / IS, Koper, Rizana, 45.5328 ° N 13.8729 ° E 66 m, 7. IV. 2015, A. Wagner leg. [MZL]; 1 nymph: IT / FV, Manzano, Fiume Natisone basin, Oleis, 46.02 ° N 13.38 ° E 75 m, F. Desio leg, E. Bauernfeind det. [NHMW] E. vipavensis: one male subimago holotype (N ° 4155 with exuvia on slide), 4 female paratypes, SL / GO, Ajdovscina, Stream Vipava, 16. IV. 1983, Hefti, Tomka & Zurwerra leg. [MZL]	en	Wagner, Andre, Vuataz, Laurent, Sartori, Michel (2017): Electrogena brulini sp. nov. and E. vipavensis Zurwerra & Tomka, 1986 syn. nov. revealed by integrative taxonomy of E. gridellii (Grandi, 1953) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 4362 (3): 359-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.3
