taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CD87F52F7E7026FCAB475FA19CFB4D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. – This species was recently described and taxonomically associated with Burmacypha longicornis to form the subfamily Iotacyphinae Shcherbakov et al., 2024. This clade can easily be identified by several morphological features. First, the forewings have intricate, small tessellating hexagonal patterns. Additionally, the forewings have an apical fusion of MP with CuA. This unique character creates an enclosed, large central cell on the forewings, a feature not known from any other † Lophioneurida. Currently the genus is monotypic. See the generic differentiation below for differentiation from the other two genera presently known in the clade; Burmacypha longicornis and Retiptera brennae gen. et sp. nov. Additional specimens of Iotacypha zherikhini reviewed herein (Fig. 1, 2) are very similar to the type material from the original description. Due to the taphonomy of these additional specimens, no additional morphological details can be added to the species description.	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F7E7026FCA944E7A7F6FDB6.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 & 2)	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F7E7026FCA944E7A7F6FDB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. – Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F7E7025FCAB40CFA7DDF796.taxon	description	Retiptera gen. nov. can be differentiated from Burmacypha by multiple venation differences in both the forewing and the hindwing, as well as by notably differing antenna morphology. In Burmacypha the Sc is short, only running ca. ¼ the way through the wing length and it hugs the costal margin (Fig. 3 A) versus in Retiptera gen. nov. the Sc is long (ca. ½ of the forewing length; Fig. 3 C) and the Sc has a significant gap between it and the wing margin, with the central ⅓ of the Sc running parallel with the margin, giving the cell a trapezoidal appearance (Fig. 3 C). Additionally in the forewing, Burmacypha has a significantly differing set of radial veins; the RA splits near the proximal third of the wing and is angled anteriorly and it has a bifurcate Rs with the Rs 1 forming near the middle of the wing length and the Rs 2 near the wing apex (Fig. 3 A), versus Retiptera gen. nov. which has the radial veins only forming the RA ca. ⅗ of the way through the wing length and a singular radial sector (Rs 1) splitting near the posterior ⅓ of the wing length and terminating on the apex (Fig. 3 C). An additional feature in the forewings for differentiation is the presence / absence of a first anal vein (1 A) as Burmacypha lacks the vein while Retiptera gen. nov. has the first anal prominent (as thick as the other forewing veins) and running ca. ⅖ of the way through the wing length (Fig. 3 C). The central cell of the forewings formed by the fusing of MP + CuA also differentiates these species as Burmacypha has this cell formed by seven straight sides and forms roughly an oval (Fig. 3 A) versus Retiptera gen. nov. which also has seven sides, but the R + M fused vein is distinctly curved, giving the central cell an overall reniform shape (Fig. 3 C). Within the hindwings the genera can be separated by the presence or absence of the cubitus as Burmacypha has the vein prominently present (Fig. 3 A) and Retiptera gen. nov. lacks a cubitus (Fig. 3 C). Additionally, the hindwings are of drastically differing sizes, with Burmacypha having a well-developed hindwing only slightly smaller than the forewing (Fig. 3 A) versus Retiptera gen. nov. which has a highly reduced hindwing notably shorter and thinner than the forewing (Fig. 3 C). The antennae of the Retiptera gen. nov. differ as Burmacypha has seven-segmented antennae, with the scape and pedicel thick and distinctly longer than broad with the flagellomeres significantly thinner than the scape and pedicel and the individual flagellomeres long and filiform versus Retiptera gen. nov. which has eight-segmented antennae where the scape and pedicel are short and stout and the flagellomeres are long and only slightly thinner than the pedicellus, not filiform (Fig. 4 B). Retiptera gen. nov. can be differentiated from Iotacypha by multiple venation differences in both the forewing and the hindwing, as well as by notably differing antenna morphology. In both genera the forewing Sc is long (~ ½ the wing length) but in Retiptera gen. nov. the Sc has a significant gap between it and the wing margin, with the central ⅓ of the Sc running parallel with the relatively straight margin, giving the cell a trapezoidal appearance (Fig. 3 C) versus in Iotacypha the Sc is widest in the proximal ¼ before the Sc reaches toward the wing margin and then runs parallel with the arcing margin until it terminates near the middle of the forewing length (giving the cell a long, thinner curved appearance; Fig. 3 B). Additionally in the forewing the genera have significantly different sets of radial / medial veins; in Iotacypha there is a fused Rs 1 + MA vein emerging from the large central cell which then bifurcates into the Rs 1 and MA which run diverging to the wing apical margins (Fig. 3 B) versus in Retiptera gen. nov. the Rs 1 and MA emerge independently from the large central cell and run straight to the forewing margins (Fig. 3 C). An additional feature in the forewings is the first anal vein (1 A) as Retiptera gen. nov. has 1 A running parallel with the forewing margin for ca. ⅓ of the wing length and CuP terminates on the 1 A ca. ½ way through 1 A’s length (Fig. 3 C) while Iotacypha has the first anal only running for ca. ⅙ of the way through the wing length, arcing towards the margin (not running parallel), and the CuP does not terminate on the 1 A, instead reaching past it to the wing margin (Fig. 3 B). Also in the forewing, the large central cell in Retiptera gen. nov. is seven sided and approximately reniform in shape (Fig. 3 C) versus Iotacypha which has a four sided cell where the two proximal most veins are long and arcing, giving the central cell somewhat of an arrowhead shape (Fig. 3 B). Forewing sclerotization also differs between the two genera, as Retiptera gen. nov. has a pattern appearing as a regular hexagon tessellation with most cells hexagonal in shape and the sclerotization between the cells is thin and angular, C giving the membrane a honeycomb appearance (Fig. 3 E) versus Iotacypha which has a pattern more akin to a rounded semiregular tessellation pattern where the cells are circular and the sclerotization is thick, making it appear more like the cells are punch marks in the membrane (Fig. 3 D). The size of the hindwings differentiates the genera as Retiptera gen. nov. has a highly reduced hindwing, many times longer than wide, giving it a long thin appearance (Fig. 3 C) versus the Iotacypha hindwing which is well-developed, only slightly shorter and narrower than the forewing (Fig. 3 B). The antennae of the two genera differ significantly as Retiptera gen. nov. has eight-segmented antennae, with the scape and pedicel thick and stout with the flagellomeres slightly thinner than the pedicel and the individual flagellomeres long (three to four times the length of the pedicel; Fig. 4 B) versus Iotacypha which has seven-segmented antennae where the scape, pedicel, and the flagellomeres are short and stout, with the flagellomeres ca. half the width of the pedicellus and only slightly longer (Fig. 1 E). Additionally, the flagellomeres of Iotacypha have several long and thick setae on each flagellomere, some longer than the flagellomere’s length (Fig. 1 E) versus Retiptera gen. nov. flagellomeres which lack long setae, instead at most with only short pubescence that is almost not noticeable (Fig. 4 B). Description. – Average sized lophioneurid (~ 1.01 mm, from the front of the head to the apex of the abdomen in the holotype). Forewing membrane with a regular tessellating hexagonal pattern; Sc long (ca. half wing length); R, M, and Cu fused forming a long common stem; apical fusion of MP with CuA which creates an enclosed, large central cell. Forewing large central cell approximately reniform in shape. All major forewing veins marked with stout, evenly spaced setae (including along the costal margin). Hindwing simple with only the R and M present. R + M fused for the first half of hindwing length, then M diverges perpendicularly from the R + M stem; R is bifurcate with the RA and Rs terminal behind the wing apex. Antennae long and eight-segmented with long, unadorned segments. Legs straight and long with distinct setae throughout their lengths. Tarsi ca. ½ to ⅓ as long as tibiae; claws small.	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F72702AFF7745E7A7F1FEB5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. – The holotype specimen will be deposited in the Asian Amber Biological Museum: Tainan, Taiwan (currently being developed with an anticipated opening in 2027). Specimen number: A. A. B. M # Thysanoptera. 2024001. Paratype. – The paratype was donated by Patrick Müller, Käshofen, Germany to the last author and is located in his collection (Collection Ulitzka, specimen number MU-Fos- 153 / 1).	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F72702AFF7745E7A7F1FEB5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – Patronym, named to honor the first author's sister, Brenna Cumming. This species is named to thank her for her years of support and love. Just like this species, Brenna is unique and beautiful.	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F72702AFF7745E7A7F1FEB5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. – Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
03CD87F52F727028FCAB445AA62FF7E0.taxon	description	Preservation. – Holotype: Specimen preserved in a roughly ovular piece of amber (~ 14.7 x 25.2 mm; Fig. 5 B). Specimen with excellent preservation, within an amber piece with excellent clarity. The amber piece has minimal debris inclusions, none obscuring the holotype, but does have many small bubbles, a few of which are near the holotype. The holotype specimen is excellently preserved and nearly complete, with the only damage being a missing terminal flagellomere on the right antenna. There are several syninclusions, namely a small coleopteran near the holotype (Fig. 5 C) and several fragmented dipteran pieces in the opposite end of the amber. Paratype: Specimen preserved in a thin slice of amber (~ 13.0 x 11 mm). Specimen with excellent preservation, within an amber piece with excellent clarity. The amber piece has some debris inclusions, however none obscuring the paratype. The paratype specimen is excellently preserved and nearly complete, with a small piece of left forewing broken off, which lies beside the inclusion. Syninclusions: Remnants of an insect leg, plant detritus, and several stellate plant hairs. Differentiation. – Currently the genus is monotypic. See the generic differentiation above for differentiation from the other two species presently known in the clade; Burmacypha longicornis and Iotacypha zherikhini. Description Head. – Antennae with eight segments (scapus, pedicellus, and six flagellomeres), long, originating near the base of compound eyes. Scapus stout, only slightly longer than wide with several short setae. Pedicellus slightly longer than scapus and cylindrical, longer than wide, also with several sparse setae throughout the surface. There are six flagellomeres which are ca. ½ as wide as the greatest width of the pedicellus. The flagellomeres vary in length as there are three longer followed by three shorter ([in mm] I = 0.17, II = 0.14, III = 0.18, IV = 0.11, V = 0.09, VI = 0.08; Fig. 4 B). Each flagellomere is unadorned and simple, at most with only slight pubescence; Fig. 4 B). Posterior of the head marked by three stout setae which are angled posteriorly (Fig. 6 B). Compound eyes round, large, but not overly protruding; ommatidia large and therefore few. Clypeus stout and oblong, traversing the front of the head. The mouth cone (labrum) is longer than the head and symmetrical; when viewed laterally is arcing to the apex (Fig. 4 D). Maxillary palps moderately long and thick, protruding belong the apex of the mouth cone (Fig. 4 D). Maxillary palps twosegmented with the second segment ca. twice as long as the first and marked along the dorsal surface with several prominent setae (Fig. 4 D). Labial palps shorter, only just slightly projecting beyond the apex of the mouth cone, and appear to be unsegmented. Thorax. – Pronotum short, slightly wider than base of head, somewhat collar-like and adorned with closely packed stiff, straight setae. Mesonotum broad and prominently raised above the pronotum / head when viewed laterally; heavily adorned by short, stiff setae (Fig. 4 D). Metanotum not distinct in the specimens at hand. Wings. – Forewing large and well-developed, projecting longer than the apex of the abdomen, about 1.57 times longer than wide. General shape is pyriform due to a narrow base widening out to a significantly broad, rounded apex (Fig. 5 D). The forewing membranes are sclerotized in regular hexagon tessellation with most cells being hexagonal in shape (most are approximately symmetrical) and the sclerotized veins between the cells are thin and angular, giving the membrane a honeycomb appearance (Fig. 3 E). Forewing venation prominent and thick (veins only slightly thinner near the apex, but still prominent). Forewing costal margin appears finely serrate (Fig. 4 E), while the other margins are relatively smooth but marked sporadically with stout, spine-like setae. The interior veins of the forewing also have these thick spine-like setae and they appear to be relatively evenly spaced. Costal margin for most of its length is relatively straight to the widest point near the distal ⅓ of the wing length where it then arcs to create a wide, rounded apex (Fig. 3 C). The anal margin is also relatively straight for most of its length until the widest point of the forewing. Sc distinct, fused with R + M + Cu at the base and runs with them for ca. ⅓ of the Sc length before the Cu splits from them, Sc then runs with the R + M for ca. ⅓ of its length, running parallel with the costal margin before it splits from R + M and runs to the costal margin slightly proximal to the wing mid length. As the Sc runs parallel with the costal margin and is spaced away from the margin, this creates a cell which is somewhat trapezoidal. Approximately ⅓ of the way through the wing length the Cu splits from the Sc + R + M vein and after a very short Cu, bifurcates at a 90 degree angle into the CuA (which runs parallel with the anal margin) and the CuP which is perpendicular to the anal margin. The Sc + R + M following the Cu split runs parallel with the costal margin until the Sc splits from it, leaving only the R + M which immediately arcs away from the costal margin for ca. the central ¼ of the wing length before the RA splits and runs slightly towards the wing base where itterminatesnear the wing mid length. Following the RA split, the Rs + M angles towards the anal / apical margin and near the distal ⅓ of the wing length near the center of the wing, the Rs 1 splits and runs directly to the wing margin, terminating near the wing apex. The M following the split from the Rs + M is angled towards the anal margin and slightly back towards the base of the wing and runs for ca. ¼ of the wing width before bifurcating. The M bifurcates into the MA and MP which angle evenly away from each other (at an angle of ca. 120 degrees) with the MA terminating on the wing margin near the apical / anal margin. The MP is angled strongly back towards the wing base and fuses with the CuA and they run as a MP + CuA vein perpendicularly to the anal margin, where they terminate slightly more than halfway through the wing length. The 1 A runs slightly converging with the anal margin for ca. ⅖ of the wing length before terminating on the anal margin. Approximately halfway through the 1 A length the perpendicularly running CuP meets the 1 A and fuses with it (Fig. 3 C). Hindwing is highly reduced and narrow, membranous, lacking sclerotization, with thinner veins than in the forewing. The hindwing is significantly narrower and shorter than the forewing (ca. ⅔ its length and about 1 / 7 of its width) and has a length: width ratio of 7.6 times longer than wide. The only veins present are a long fused R + M common stem which runs somewhat near the anal margin for ca. half of the wing length. Near the middle of the wing, a simple M splits at a right angle from R, and terminates near the middle of the hindwing anal margin. R runs simply for ca. ¼ of the wing length and then bifurcates on the posterior ¼ of the wing into the RA and Rs which angle strongly away from each other and terminate on the costal and anal margins respectively, near but not onto the wing apex. Abdomen. – Abdomen short in the male holotype (~ 0.30 mm long), only extending ca. ⅓ of the way along the wings. In the specimen at hand the segmentation is somewhat indistinct, except for possibly a tapered terminal segment (Fig. 4 A). The femaleparatype hasa longer abdomen (~ 0.45 mm long) with more distinct segmentation, and a structure interpretable as a short ovipositor (Fig. 6 A). Legs. – Legs long, and moderately thick; femora and tibiae cylindrical, both with thin but numerous setae (Fig. 4 C). Tarsi appear to be composed of a single long segment (in the pro- and meso- legs the tarsi appear ca. ⅖ as long as the tibiae they are on, but on the long metatibiae the tarsi is only ca. ⅓ the length); simple pulvilla present and small claws. Dimensions - Measurements of the male holotype specimen (Fig. 4 A) which is in a flat profile view within the amber. Body length (from front of head to apex of abdomen) 1.01 mm, Head depth (top of head to tip of mouthparts) 0.17 mm, Head length 0.09 mm, Thorax length 0.13 mm, Abdomen length 0.30 mm, Forewing length 0.88 mm, Forewing maximum width 0.56 mm, Hindwing length 0.61 mm, Hindwing maximum width 0.08 mm, Total antenna length ~ 0.86 mm, Scapus 0.04 mm, Pedicellus 0.05 mm, Flagellomere I 0.17 mm, Flagellomere II 0.14 mm,	en	Cumming, Royce T., Engel, Michael S., Lian, Zhendong, Ulitzka, Manfred R. (2024): Small, intricate, and beautiful; a new species of lophioneurid from the Cretaceous (Insecta: Thripida: † Lophioneurida). Faunitaxys 12 (58): 1-10, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(58), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17033819
