taxonID	type	description	language	source
F699DBA38EEEF5611DEE5EC18D4A94E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Melanorivulus interruptus is distinguished from all species of the M. pictus group, except M. nigromarginatus, by the presence of oblique chevron-like bars interrupted, mainly on the midline of the flank in males (vs. bars continuous, vestigial, irregular or presence of longitudinal rows of red dots on the side of the body; never bars interrupted on the midline of the body). It is distinguished from all other species in the M. pictus species group, except M. planaltinus, M. leali and M. pictus, by the presence of a rounded dorsal fin (vs. slight pointed or pointed dorsal fin). In addition, M. interruptus differs from M. amambaiensis, M. apiamici, M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. ivinhemensis and M. leali by a higher caudal fin ray count (32 - 33 vs. 28 - 31); from M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. leali, M. litteratus, M. rutilicaudus and M. formosensis by the position of the anal-fin origin between the pleural ribs of 15 th and 16 th vertebrae (vs. 13 th and 15 th vertebrae); from M. apiamici, M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. pictus, M. polychromus and M. proximus by the dorsal-fin origin at a vertical through the base of the 8 th anal-fin ray (vs. vertical through base of 7 th or 9 th- 10 th anal-fin ray); from M. amambaiensis, M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. ivinhemensis, M. planaltinus, M. polychromus, M. nigropunctatus, M. ofaie and M. formosensis by the dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of 18 th and 19 th vertebrae (vs. 19 th and 22 th); from M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. leali, M. litteratus, M. scalaris, M. vittatus, M. linearis and M. proximus by the tip of pelvic fin reaching the urogenital papilla in males (vs. tip of pelvic fin reaching 1 st to 4 th anal fin ray). Another interesting diagnostic character is the presence of 8 rays in the pelvic fin in about 35 % of the analysed specimens (vs. 5 - 7 rays, never 8 rays present in the pelvic fin).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
F699DBA38EEEF5611DEE5EC18D4A94E6.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data are presented in Table 1. Males larger than females. Largest male examined 32.3 mm SL, largest female 29.0 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to origin of anal-fin. Dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle nearly straight. Body slender, approximately cylindrical and compressed. Greatest body depth at pelvic-fin base. Snout weakly pointed in lateral view. Jaws short. Short dorsal and anal fins. Dorsal-fin rays 9 - 10. Dorsal fin rounded in males and females. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 8 th anal-fin ray, and between neural spines of 18 th and 19 th vertebrae. Anal-fin rays 12 - 13. Anal fin slightly pointed in males and females. Origin of anal fin at vertical through pleural ribs of 15 th- 16 th vertebrae. Caudal fin rounded 32 - 33 rays. Pectoral fin rays 14. Pectoral fins rounded, with posterior margin reaching vertical at about 60 - 90 % of length between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic-fin rays 7 - 8. Pelvic-fin posterior tip reaching vertical at anus to 3 rd anal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity. Scales cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 15 - 25 % of caudal-fin base. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins; transverse row of scales anterior to H-scale. Longitudinal series of scales 30 - 32; transverse series of scales 8 - 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on flank and fins. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9 - 11 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, postotic 1 - 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 4, mandibular 2 - 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1 - 2, paramandibular 1. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Six branchiostegal rays. Gill rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 7. First epibranchial slightly curved. Total number of vertebrae 29 - 30, 13 - 14 precaudal vertebrae, 16 - 17 caudal vertebrae. Ventral process of angulo-articular short, pointed. Vomerine teeth 1 - 3. Dermosphenotic present. Basihyal sub-triangular, greatest width 45 - 50 % of length; basihyal cartilage 20 - 25 % of total basihyal length. Second pharyngobranchial teeth absent.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
F699DBA38EEEF5611DEE5EC18D4A94E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Melanorivulus interruptus is only known so far from a small stream, in the headwaters of the Rio Pardo, a tributary of the right margin of Rio Parana, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Fig. 3).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
F699DBA38EEEF5611DEE5EC18D4A94E6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name interruptus, from the Latin adjective interrupted, referring to the presence of conspicuous oblique red bars forming chevron-like marks usually disrupted in the midline of the body in males.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
F699DBA38EEEF5611DEE5EC18D4A94E6.taxon	conservation	Conservation. There are imminent threats to the population of M. interruptus: the stream is located in the Campo Grande urban area, which is developing rapidly around the area of the new species; there is a large real estate development alongside the stream that can cause significant impacts on the environment quality; the stream is crossed by a high traffic road and it is subject to accidents with potentially dangerous loads; besides, there are agricultural activities over its complete extension. Although larger collection efforts are likely to be undertaken in the area to better understand the species distribution pattern, M. interruptus appears to have a very restricted distribution. In the adjacent watersheds distinct species occur (e. g. M. apiamici in the mouth of the Rio Pardo, M. egens in the upper Rio Sao Domingos and M. nigropunctatus and M. ofaie in the Rio Verde - see Figure 4 with the distribution map of the M. pictus species group). Thus, according to the previously mentioned threats, a high degree of endemism and the observations made in the field, M. interruptus was considered " Vulnerable ", following the criteria of IUCN (2012). The species has an area of occupation of less than 2000 km ², it occurs in only one locality and it suffers from a reduction in its occupation area and in its habitat quality (VU B 2 abii, iii).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
9844D9A3C4A600A797823A821722D3B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Melanorivulus ivinhemensis is distinguished from all other species of the M. pictus species group by having a yellow caudal fin with thin red bars arranged only in the median region of the fin in males (vs. red bars absent or red bars extending from the ventral or median region to the dorsal region of the caudal fin), except in M. rutilicaudus. Besides, it is distinguished from all M. pictus species by the origin of the anal fin at a vertical through pleural ribs of 15 th- 18 th vertebrae (vs. 13 - 15 vertebrae), except in M. amambaiensis, M. planaltinus, M. scalaris, M. polychromus, M. ofaie, M. interruptus and M. nigropunctatus; and by the greater snout length in males (16.1 - 21.3 vs. 11.4 - 16.3), except in M. amambaiensis, M. apiamici, M. interruptus, M. vittatus, M. polychromus and M. nigropunctatus. Distinguished from M. planaltinus, M. rutilicaudus, M. interruptus by a lower caudal fin ray count (29 - 31 vs. 32 - 34) and from M. amambaiensis by a higher caudal fin ray count (29 - 31 vs. 25 - 28). Distinguished from M. faucireticulatus, M. giarettai, M. interruptus, M. leali, M. vittatus and M. formosensis by a short basihyal cartilage 10 - 15 % of total basihyal length (vs. 20 - 25 %). From M. interruptus, M. vittatus, M. ofaie, M. nigropunctatus, M. proximus, M. linearis and M. nigromarginatus it is distinguished by a smaller dorsal fin base length in females (8.9 - 10.4 % vs. 10.5 - 14.8 %). Distinguished from M. giarettai, M. proximus, M. linearis, M. nigromarginatus and M. planaltinus by lower number of gill rakers on the first branchial arch (1 + 7 vs 1 - 2 + 8), and from the M. pictus by the dorsal-fin origin on a vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th anal-fin ray (vs. on vertical through base of 7 th anal-fin ray).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
9844D9A3C4A600A797823A821722D3B9.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data are presented in Table 2. Females usually larger than males, largest female 30.4 mm SL, largest male examined 30.1 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to origin of anal-fin, approximately straight to end of caudal peduncle. Body slender, approximately cylindrical and compressed, greatest body depth anterior of pelvic fin base, in the pelvic fin base or at the anus. Snout slightly pointed. Jaws short. Short dorsal and anal fins. Dorsal-fin rays 7 - 9. Dorsal fin rounded or slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Dorsal-fin origin on a vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th anal-fin ray, and between neural spines of 20 th and 22 th vertebrae. Anal-fin rays 12 - 14. Anal fin slightly pointed in males and females. Origin of anal fin at a vertical through pleural ribs of 15 th- 18 th vertebrae. Caudal fin oval shaped, deeper than long, 29 - 31 rays. Pectoral fin rays 11 - 13. Pectoral fins rounded, with posterior margin reaching vertical at about 60 - 90 % of the length between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic-fin rays 6 - 7, one individual with one single pelvic fin. Posterior tip of pelvic fin reaching vertical between anus to 2 nd anal-fin ray. Position of pelvic-fin bases variable, in close proximity, or with bases separated by a great distance, similar to the size of the base of the pelvic fin. Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 15 - 25 % of caudal-fin base. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E and F-patterned or with two patterns, one on each side in one specimen. E-scales generally not overlapping medially. In one specimen E-scales marginally overlapped. Transverse row of scales anterior to H-scale; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale. A-scale usually without exposed margins, four specimens with posterior margin exposed, overlapping the B-scale. Longitudinal series of scales 29 - 31; transverse series of scales 8 - 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on flank and fins. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 11 - 12 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, postotic 1 - 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1 - 2, preopercular 2 + 4 - 6, mandibular 3 - 4 + 1, lateral mandibular 1 - 2, paramandibular 1. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Six branchiostegal rays. Gill rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 7. First epibranchial slightly curved. Total number of vertebrae 29 - 31, 14 precaudal vertebrae, 15 - 17 caudal vertebrae. Ventral process of angulo-articular short, pointed. Vomerine teeth 2 - 5. Dermosphenotic present. Basihyal sub-triangular, greatest width 45 - 50 % of length; basihyal cartilage 10 - 15 % of total basihyal length. Second pharyngobranchial teeth absent.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
9844D9A3C4A600A797823A821722D3B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Melanorivulus ivinhemensis is so far only known from first order streams and small wetlands associated with both margins of the lower course of the Rio Ivinhema, Rio Parana basin (Figure 3).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
9844D9A3C4A600A797823A821722D3B9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ivinhemensis is a reference to the occurrence of the new species in the Rio Ivinhema basin.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
8DF4442B85C7F04B5BDDB89FAF863207.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The presence of an orange or orange-red anal fin with grey or dark grey distal margin (vs. no similar colour pattern) and chevron-like red bars in inverted Y-shape in the flank of males (vs. no similar pattern) distinguishes the M. amambaiensis from all other species of the M. pictus species group. Additionally, the new species is distinguished by the lower caudal fin ray count (25 - 28 vs. 29 - 34), except M. faucireticulatus; by the lower body depth in males (29.4 - 21.6 mm SL vs. 21.8 - 26.5), except from M. vittatus, M. polychromus, M. nigropunctatus, M. interruptus and M. ivinhemensis; by a lower caudal peduncle depth in males (12.4 - 13.5 mm SL vs. 13.5 - 16.8 mm SL), except in M. polychromus, M. nigropunctatus, M. interruptus and M. ivinhemensis. Females are distinguished from M. apiamici, M. faucireticulatus, M. giarettai, M. planaltinus, M. rutilicaudus, M. scalaris, M. nigropunctatus, M. proximus, M. linearis, M. nigromarginatus and M. formosensis by the lower body depth (19.1 - 21.5 mm SL vs. 21.6 - 26.0 mm SL); and from M. apiamici, M. egens, M. faucireticulatus, M. giarettai, M. planaltinus, M. nigropunctatus, M. linearis, M. nigromarginatus and M. ofaie by a shorter pre-dorsal length (74.5 - 76.6 mm SL vs. 76.4 - 83.3 mm SL).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
8DF4442B85C7F04B5BDDB89FAF863207.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data are presented in Table 3. Females larger than males, largest female examined 28.7 mm SL, largest male 27.9 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile weakly convex from lower jaw to operculum. Straight from operculum to origin of pelvic-fin and in the caudal peduncle. Body slender, cylindrical and compressed, greatest body depth at origin of pelvic-fin base. Snout blunt. Jaws short. Short dorsal and anal fins. Dorsal-fin rays 8 - 9. Dorsal fin slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Dorsal-fin origin on a vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th anal-fin ray, and between neural spines of the 20 th and 21 th vertebrae. Anal-fin rays 12 - 14. Anal fin slightly pointed in males and females. Origin of anal fin at a vertical through pleural ribs of 15 th- 16 th vertebrae. Caudal fin oval shaped, longer than deep, 25 - 28 rays. Pectoral fin rays 11 - 13. Pectoral fins rounded, with posterior margin reaching vertical at about 70 - 90 % of length between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic-fin rays 6 - 7. Posterior tip of pelvic fin reaching a vertical at slightly anterior to the anus to 1 st anal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity. Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of the head. Body squamation extending over anterior 15 - 20 % of caudal-fin base. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E and F-patterned or with two patterns, one on each side (present in one specimen). E-scales not overlapping medially. Transverse row of scales anterior to H-scale; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale. A-scale without exposed margins. Longitudinal series of scales 27 - 31; transverse series of scales 8 - 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on flank and fins. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9 - 11 + 1 - 2, preorbital 2, otic 1, postotic 1 - 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1 - 2, preopercular 2 + 4 - 5, mandibular 2 - 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1 - 2, paramandibular 1. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Six branchiostegal rays. Gill rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 7 - 8. First epibranchial slightly curved. Total number of vertebrae 30 - 31, 13 - 14 precaudal vertebrae, 17 caudal vertebrae. Ventral process of angulo-articular short, pointed. Vomerine teeth 2 - 3. Dermosphenotic present. Second pharyngobranchial teeth absent.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
8DF4442B85C7F04B5BDDB89FAF863207.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is only known from its type locality, a small first order drainage and direct tributary of Rio Amambai, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Fig. 3).	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
8DF4442B85C7F04B5BDDB89FAF863207.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name amambaiensis is a reference to the occurrence of the new species in the Rio Amambai basin.	en	Volcan, Matheus V., Severo-Neto, Francisco, Lanes, Luis Esteban K. (2018): Unrecognized biodiversity in a world's hotspot: three new species of Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Parana basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (2): 263-280, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.24406
