identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C13418FFE7FF981AE7FF7038A4F854.text	03C13418FFE7FF981AE7FF7038A4F854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena Diakonoff 1970	<div><p>Genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970</p><p>Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970: 122 . Type species: Dracontogena niphadonta Diakonoff, 1970 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The forewing pattern of Dracontogena with the two white marks on dorsum is characteristic. The only other African tortricid genus having this trait is Multiquaestia Karisch, 2005 . Males of the latter genus can easily be distinguished by the presence of a hair-pencil extending from the hind margin of the hind wing and inserted into an area of raised scales on the dorsal side of the abdomen (Aarvik &amp; Karisch 2009). In some species of Dracontogena the characteristic forewing white markings are partially obscured by the presence of dark suffusion. In other species the two white maculae are interconnected by a broad white band, but in most cases they are narrowly connected along the dorsal edge. In the male genitalia Multiquaestia differs from Dracontogena by the much narrower “neck” of valva, the small cucullus, and the absence of a large cornutus in the phallus. Females of Multiquaestia have the anterior edge of sternite 7 strongly sclerotised. Comprehensive descriptions of Dracontogena were given by Diakonoff (1970) and Karisch (2005).</p><p>Subdivison of Dracontogena</p><p>Karisch (2005) divided Dracontogena into two species groups, viz., the D. niphadonta group and the D. metamorphica group. This subdivision was based on characters of the male genitalia and secondary sexual characters of the male hindwing. In the present work we modify the concept of the niphadonta -species group by including all species that posses secondary sexual characters in the male. These characters are absent in the metamorphica -group. In the hindwing the following modifications may be present: 1) concavity of termen by vein CuA2; 2) black sex scales forming distinct patch on upperside distally by cell; 3) upperside basal scales narrowed; 4) fringe reduced along termen above concavity; and 5) rhopaloid scales at anal corner of hindwing. In all species of the group, abdominal segment 8 of the male has coremata consisting of a pair of lateral tufts containing long filiform scales. Inside the valva there is a circular field of large scales. The external surface of the valva has a circular opening at the centre of the scale ring. The abdominal coremata and valva scale ring are present in all known species of the group. None of these modifications are present in the metamorphica -group. The proposed subdivision of the genus is supported by the DNA-sequence data (Fig. 78).</p><p>According to the male genitalia, members of the niphadonta -group can be further divided into three subgroups, one containing D. niphadonta Diakonoff, D. continentalis Karisch, D. agassizi n. sp., D. rubondoensis n. sp. D. bjornstadi n. sp. and D. angolensis n. sp. These six species have a relatively long and slender phallus, and the cucullus is only weakly demarcated from the rest of the valva. The two species D. bernardi Karisch and D. solii n. sp. form a second subgroup, sharing a short, bottle-shaped phallus and an incision on the dorsal edge of the valva which forms a distinct demarcation of the cucullus. Dracontogena tonitrualis (Meyrick) has an isolated position due to its remarkably bent and slender valva. It is noteworthy that among closely related pairs, secondary sexual characters of the male hindwing may be present in one and absent in the other. Examples of this are found in D. continentalis Karisch and D. agassizi n. sp. and the pair D. bernardi Karisch and D. solii n. sp. In the latter case no differences in the genitalia were detected. The male genitalia of the species in the metamorphica -group are rather uniform. Only D. deltozyga (Meyrick) differs strongly from the other species due to its very broad cucullus.</p><p>Systematic position</p><p>The genus belongs to the Grapholita genus group sensu Komai (1999) which is a part of the tribe Grapholitini . In the male genitalia the ventral margin of the sacculus is nearly straight, not strongly convex as in the Cydia genus group. The tegumen is strongly curved at the base. There are pencils of coremata laterally on abdominal segment 8 in males (absent in metamorphica -group), and a scale brush on the male hind tibia. The female corpus bursae has a diverticulum, a synapomorphy for the Cydia genus group + Grapholita genus group. The sister genus is likely Thaumatotibia Zacher, 1915 . The male genitalia, sternum 8, tergite 8, and pencils of coremata (Fig. 1) are essentially the same among the two genera (see figures of the type species, T. leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913) in Komai 1999: figs. 63, 64). The rhopaloid scales, which are situated at the anal corner of the hindwing, are present in Thaumatotibia leucotreta and members of the Dracontogena niphadonta species group. They have not been found in other genera of Grapholitini that we have examined. Karisch (2005) compared additional characters of the genitalia in both sexes with those of Thaumatotibia and Cryptophlebia Walsingham, 1899 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE7FF981AE7FF7038A4F854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFE6FF991AE7FB5D3EF3F838.text	03C13418FFE6FF991AE7FB5D3EF3F838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena niphadonta Diakonoff 1970	<div><p>Dracontogena niphadonta species group</p><p>Male abdomen with coremata on segment 8; valva with internal circular scale patch. In most species the male has modifications in the hindwing. The potential modifications are described above. These modifications can be more or less pronounced in the different members of the group. The only species in which the male completely lacks hindwing modifications is Dracontogena agassizi n. sp.</p><p>Dracontogena niphadonta Diakonoff, 1970</p><p>Dracontogena niphadonta Diakonoff, 1970: 124, figs. 1a–f, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10a, 14, 34; Karisch 2005: 459, text figs. 3, 4, 5, 7, 10a, pl. 1, figs. 1–3.</p><p>Material examined. Numerous specimens of both sexes from MNHN, Paris.</p><p>Diagnosis. The deeply notched termen and a patch of black sex scales on the hindwing are shared only with D. tonitrualis (Meyrick) . The male genitalia, however, resemble those of D. continentalis Karisch.</p><p>Distribution. This is the only Dracontogena species known from Madagascar.</p><p>Remarks. Razowski &amp; Trematerra (2010) recorded D. niphadonta from Ethiopia. This specimen is probably conspecific with D. agassizi n. sp. described below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE6FF991AE7FB5D3EF3F838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFE1FF9C1AE7FF303D9DFD20.text	03C13418FFE1FF9C1AE7FF303D9DFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena continentalis Karisch 2005	<div><p>Dracontogena continentalis Karisch, 2005 stat. n.</p><p>(Figs. 2–5, 23, 34, 55–59)</p><p>Dracontogena niphadonta continentalis Karisch, 2005: 460, text fig. 8, pl. 1, fig. 4.</p><p>Dracontogena hoppei Karisch, 2005: 460 . text figs. 6, 11, pl. 1, figs. 5,7. syn. n.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Dracontogena niphadonta continentalis, Ƥ, ZAMBIA, Mbala, 24–27.xii.1974, Locust Contr Ctr., genitalia slide BMNH 30597 (BMNH); Holotype of Dracontogena hoppei, 3, EQUATORIAL GUINEA, Isla de Bioco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.670278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.670278/lat 3.3683333)">Moca Malabo</a>, 1400 m., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.670278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.670278/lat 3.3683333)">Pflanzen am Bergregenwaldrand</a>, 3o21’66’’N 8o39’73’’E, LF 18–22.ii.2002, H. Hoppe, genitalia slide T. Karisch 1675 (MNVD); Paratypes of D. hoppei, 13, 1Ƥ same data as holotype, but 15–21.ii.2004, Henri &amp; Tim Hoppe, genitalia slide T. Karisch 1771Ƥ (MNVD), 3 (coll. Hoppe); CAMEROON: 13 North Province, Faro River Camp 0 8o 23’N 0 12o 49’E, 275 m., 9.v.2005, J. &amp; W. De Prins, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.03 (RMCA); DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 13 Ht. Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 15.x.1931, J. Romieux, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.005 (MHNG); KENYA: 1Ƥ Taita Hills, Mbololo Forest, 25.vi.1998, U. Dall’Asta, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.008 (RMCA); 13 Taita Hills, Mbololo plantation, 9.iii.1999, U. Dall’Asta, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.007 (RMCA); 13 Kakamega Forest 0 0o 20’N 0 34o 51’E, 1590 m., 15.x.2001, J. De Prins, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2007.012 (RMCA); 1Ƥ Central Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.38083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.6/lat -0.38083333)">Castle Forest Lodge</a> 0o22’51’’S 0 36o 18’35’’E, 2060 m., 20.xi.2009, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2011.002 (DA); 13 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.97&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.1543334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.97/lat 2.1543334)">Marsabit Mountain</a>, 2°9.26' N 37°58.20' E, 1530 m, 29.viii.2004, R.S. Copeland, genitalia slide USNM 84923 (USNM); 233 Mt. Kenya forest 0°14.256' S 37°33.924' E, 2040 m., 7.xi.2001, R.S. Copeland, genitalia slide T. Karisch 2247 (USNM); MALAWI: 1Ƥ Mulanje Mts. Likabula, 800 m., 19.x.1996, Brachystegia forest, W. Mey &amp; M. Nuss , genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2007.011 (ZMHU); 13 Central Region, Lilongwe District: Dzalanyama Forest Lodge 14o15’257’’S 0 33o26’633’’E, 1270 m., 14–15.ii.2004, A.J. Kingston (AJK); 233, 1Ƥ same locality and date, L. Aarvik, genitalia slides L. Aarvik 3 2735, Ƥ 2736 (LA); SIERRA LEONE: 333 Tingi Hills Forest Reserve, Singi Singi Mountain near village Bandaperai, 8°57.083'N 10°44.751' W, 800 m, 15.iv.2010, T. Karisch, genitalia slide T. Karisch 2724 (coll. Karisch); TANZANIA: 13, 1Ƥ Lushoto Distr. Mazumbai Forest Reserve, 1700 m., 27.vi. –8.vii.1995, S. McKamey et al., genitalia slides L. Aarvik 32007.008, Ƥ2007.009 (ZMUC); 333, 2Ƥ Amani, xi.1955, G. Pringle, genitalia slide BMNH 332543 (BMNH); 1Ƥ Kibondo District: Malagarasi River, 1100 m., 18.i.1991, A. Bjørnstad, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2732 (LA); 13 Iringa Reg., Mufindi Distr. Kigogo Forest, 1900 m., 23–25.xi.2005, L. Aarvik, M. Fibiger, A. Kingston, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2748 (LA); ZIMBABWE: 13 Bvumba, 1.i.1994, D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide BMNH 32541 (BMNH).</p><p>Redescription. Adult. Male (Figs. 2–4). Head: Blackish brown. Antenna dark grey, scape white. Labial palpus 1.5 times diameter of eye, blackish brown, extreme tip paler; third segment short, drooping. Thorax: Blackish brown, white band before middle and with white posterior scale tuft. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, all tarsi with paler rings, mid-tibia with basal and medial ring, hind leg beige with large scale tuft. Wingspan 17.0–21.0 mm. Forewing upperside black, costal strigulae marked as light dots, two white triangular maculae on dorsum interconnected by white band; cilia dark grey, large white patch below apex and two smaller white patches at termen. Some specimens have reddish brown suffusion in terminal area, and this suffusion is sometimes pale and extended to the whole terminal third of the wing. The white band connecting the two dorsal maculae vary in width, and the outer macula may have small black dots along dorsum. Hindwing grey; veins, particularly cubital vein below cell and Rs and M1, darkened; basal scales modified, narrow; termen strongly notched before anal corner; no fringes present along termen from apex to notch.</p><p>Female (Fig. 5). Head: Labial palpus 2.5 times diameter of eye. Thorax: Wingspan 21.0–25.0 mm. Forewing with distinct costal strigulae, the two dorsal maculae only narrowly interconnected. Hindwing dark brownish grey, without modifications.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Valva relatively narrow, ventral edge straight or very slightly concave; phallus long, 829–938 μm., slender, with 13–30 small cornuti in vesica. D. bjornstadi n. sp. and D. angolensis n. sp. also have a long phallus, but they have many more small cornuti, 112 and 89 respectively, and they have broader valva. Tergite 8 (Fig. 23) long, with broad triangular lateral excavation.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 55–59). Sternite 7 with broad V-shaped excavation, sterigma more or less rounded, edges sclerotised, lower edge weak in some specimens, the paired oval sclerites posterior of sterigma weak or absent.</p><p>Diagnosis. D. continentalis can be confused with D. rubondoensis n. sp., D. angolensis n. sp. and D. bjornstadi n. sp., but it differs from them in the male genitalia by the narrower valva and by the presence of fewer deciduous cornuti in phallus.</p><p>Distribution. Based on present knowledge, this is the most widespread Dracontogena species; Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.</p><p>Biology. Habitats are borders of rain forests (Bioko, Kenya, Tanzania), Brachystegia -forests (Malawi), and woodland mountain savanna (Sierra Leone). The specimens from Mt. Kenya Forest were reared from Rubus apetalus Poir. (Rosaceae) resp. Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. (Connaraceae), the specimen from Marsabit mountain from Chionanthus battiscombei (Hutch.) Stearn (Oleaceae) . The species seems to be polyphagous.</p><p>Remarks. Dracontogena continentalis was originally described as a continental subspecies of the Madagascan D. niphadonta Diakonoff, 1970 based on a female from Zambia. However, the discovery of additional material of both males and females shows that the taxon should be treated as a distinct species. Males of continentalis lack the conspicuous black scale patch on the hindwing upperside which is present in niphadonta . D. hoppei falls within the variation of continentalis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE1FF9C1AE7FF303D9DFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFE3FF9C1AE7FD4D3ED5F818.text	03C13418FFE3FF9C1AE7FD4D3ED5F818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena agassizi Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena agassizi Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 6, 24, 35, 36, 60, 61)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, KENYA: Western, Kesogon 6500 ft. D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide T. Karisch 2235 (DA, to be deposited in BMNH). Paratype: 1Ƥ, same data as holotype, genitalia slide T. Karisch 1923 (DA). UGANDA: 1Ƥ, Bwamba Toro, Sept. 1961, N. Mitton, genitalia slide USNM 137,547 (USNM).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 6). Head: Blackish. Antenna dark brown, scape light brown. Labial palpus 2 times diameter of eye, dark brown, third segment short, drooping. Thorax: Collar blackish brown, thorax brown with broad white transversal band before middle and a white posterior scale tuft. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, tarsi and tibia with weak paler rings, hind leg greyish beige, with scale tuft. Wingspan 18.0–19.0 mm. Forewing blackish brown, strongly suffused with brown in tornal area; costal strigulae as white and brown dots, distinct; two white triangular maculae on dorsum, broadly interconnected, outer maculae with 1–3 small dark dots on dorsum. Hindwing brownish grey, termen only slightly concave, no modified scales present.</p><p>Female. Head: As in male. Thorax: Wingspan 23.0–26.0 mm. Transverse band at thorax narrower; white triangular maculae at dorsum hardly interconnected.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 35, 36). Valva slender, convexity of ventral edge very slight, valva internally with rather small circular scale patch; phallus (Fig. 36) long, gradually tapered, slightly bent after middle, with 20+ small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 24) short and broad, with lateral incision.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 60, 61). Sternite 7 with broad V-shaped excavation, sterigma oval, sclerotised posteriorly; the paired oval sclerites posterior of sterigma distinct, fused.</p><p>Diagnosis. This is the only species in which the male combines an unmodified hindwing with modifications of the genitalia. The male genitalia resemble those of D. continentalis but differ by the shape of the 8th tergite. In the female genitalia the fused paired sclerites posterior of the sterigma are characteristic. The sterigma is more oblong than that of D. continentalis . The ductus bursae is as broad as the ostium bursae, and the ductus seminalis arises at one third to one fourth the length of the ductus bursae (at about half in D. continentalis).</p><p>Distribution. Kenya and Uganda.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after David Agassiz who collected the type material of this species and several of the other species included in the present work.</p><p>Remarks. Razowski &amp; Trematerra (2010) recorded D. niphadonta Diakonoff from Ethiopia, Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest. Their illustration of the single male shows a species with unmodified hindwing, and so it is conspecific with neither D. continentalis nor D. niphadonta . The male genitalia with slender valva and long phallus resemble those of D. continentalis, but the circular scale patch in the valva is very small. The specimen from Ethiopia probably is conspecific with D. agassizi n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE3FF9C1AE7FD4D3ED5F818	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FBC5384CF869.text	03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FBC5384CF869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena bjornstadi Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena bjornstadi Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 8, 26, 39, 40)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, TANZANIA: Bukoba District: Minziro Forest, 1180 m., 8.ii.1991, A. Bjørnstad 24226, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2733 (NHMO) .</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 8). Head: Blackish brown. Antenna dark brown. Labial palpus 1.5 times diameter of eye, blackish brown, extreme tip white. Thorax: Dark grey, white patch in front, ochreous and white posterior scale tuft; tegulae white, ochreous posteriorly. Legs dark grey, tarsi with paler rings, hind tibia with grey scale tuft. Wingspan 24.0 mm. Forewing upperside brownish black, brown suffusion dominant at dorsum at tornus; connection of white dorsal maculae interrupted; outer white macula with two small dark dots on dorsum. Hindwing dark brownish grey; basal scales modified, narrow, black; termen strongly notched before anal corner; no fringes present along termen from apex to notch.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 39, 40). Valva broad, with moderate scale patch; phallus (Fig. 40) long, 831 μm., broadest in middle, with ca. 112 small cornuti counted from their attachment sockets. Tergite 8 (Fig. 26) short, with distinct lateral incisions.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. D. bjornstadi n. sp. resembles the two other species with a strongly notched hindwing, D. continentalis and D. angolensis n. sp. In the genitalia it differs from D. continentalis by the broader valva and the much higher number of cornuti, as well as the differently shaped 8th tergite. From D. angolensis it differs by the more slender phallus and more numerous cornuti.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Minziro Forest, NW Tanzania.</p><p>Biology. The habitat is a seasonally flooded swamp forest typical of the Kagera region of northwest Tanzania. The flora of this forest represents an eastern extension of the “Guineo-Congolian regional centre of endemism” into East Africa (Bjørnstad 1991).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the collector of the holotype, Anders Bjørnstad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FBC5384CF869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FF30393CFBBB.text	03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FF30393CFBBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena rubondoensis Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena rubondoensis Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 7, 25, 37)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, TANZANIA: Geita District: Rubondo Island, 1140 m., 3.iv.1991, A. Bjørnstad 26805, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2734 (NHMO). Paratype: 13, same data as holotype, A. Bjørnstad 23665 [abdomen missing] (NHMO).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 7). Head: Dark brown. Antenna dark brown, scape light brown. Labial palpus 1.5 times diameter of eye, dark brown. Thorax: Dark grey, light grey in front, with yellowish white posterior dot, tegulae with pale ochreous band medially. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, all tarsi with paler rings, hind leg beige with greyish white scale tuft. Wingspan 17.0–19.0 mm. Forewing blackish brown, four white costal strigulae and two small white dots on termen above middle; dorsal white spots broadly interconnected. Hindwing dark grey; basal scales modified, narrow, black; termen strongly concave before anal corner; fringes along termen from apex to concavity very short.</p><p>Male genitalia. (Fig. 37). Valva broad, with very large circular scale patch; phallus rather long, 729 μm., gradually tapering, with ca. 62 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 25) short, with small lateral incision.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. D. rubondoensis n. sp. is externally characterised by the broad white band connecting the two dorsal marks in the forewing. The concavity in the hindwing is less pronounced than in D. continentalis, D. bjornstadi n. sp., and D. angolensis n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Rubondo Island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania.</p><p>Biology. The habitat is characterized as level ground 150 m from the beach, with fire-maintained mosaic of grassland and swamp/ground water forest. The UV-trap was situated at a forest edge between Phoenix reclinata Jacq. and Annona senegalensis Pers., two of the most common tree species in this mosaic (A. Bjørnstad pers. comm.).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality: Rubondo Island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEDFF921AE7FF30393CFBBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFECFF901AE7F9C93908FDAF.text	03C13418FFECFF901AE7F9C93908FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena angolensis Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena angolensis Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 9, 27, 38)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, ANGOLA: Fazenda Congulu, Amboim district, 17–22.iv.1934, K. Jordan, genitalia slide BMNH 28995 (BMNH).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 9). Head: Brownish black. Antenna dark brown. Labial palpus 1.5 times diameter of eye, brownish black. Thorax: Rubbed, posteriorly with white medial dot and black sides; tegulae white, dark grey in front. Legs dark grey, mid-tibia with basal and medial white ring, tarsi with paler rings, hind tibia with brownish grey scale tuft. Wingspan 24.0 mm. Forewing upperside rubbed and greasy, but seems to resemble D. bjornstadi n. sp. closely. Hindwing dark brownish grey; basal scales modified, narrow, black; termen strongly notched before anal corner; no fringes present along termen from apex to notch.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Valva broad, dorsal edge more strongly curved proximally than in D. bjornstadi n. sp., with moderate scale patch; phallus long, 783 μm., broader than in D. bjornstadi n. sp., gradually tapering, with ca. 89 small cornuti counted from their attachment sockets. Tergite 8 (Fig. 27) short, hardly incised laterally.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. D. angolensis n. sp. resembles the two other species with a strongly notched hindwing, D. continentalis and D. bjornstadi n. sp. In the genitalia it differs from D. continentalis by the broader valva and the much greater number of cornuti, as well as the differently shaped 8th tergite. From D. bjornstadi it differs by the broader phallus and the smaller number of cornuti. The black modified scales on the hindwing upperside are broader than those in D. bjornstadi n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Angola.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the country where the type specimen was collected, Angola.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFECFF901AE7F9C93908FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEFFF901AE7FDC938F4F999.text	03C13418FFEFFF901AE7FDC938F4F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena bernardi Karisch 2005	<div><p>Dracontogena bernardi Karisch, 2005</p><p>(Figs. 10, 28, 41, 42)</p><p>Dracontogena bernardi Karisch, 2005: 463, text fig. 14.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Katana, W. Kivu, 5000–7000 ft., April ’24 Wet season, T.A. Barns, genitalia slide BMNH 30596 (BMNH) .</p><p>Other material. UGANDA: 333 Kabale Distr.: Ruhija, 2330 m., S 0 1o 03,088’ E 29o46,733’, 4–7.xi.2007, L. Aarvik &amp; M. Fibiger, genitalia slides L. Aarvik 2808, 2832 (LA).</p><p>Redescription. Adult. Male (Fig. 10). Head: Blackish brown. Antenna dark grey, scape white. Labial palpus 1.5 times diameter of eye, blackish brown, extreme tip white. Thorax: Brownish grey, blackish in front, white posterior scale tuft; tegulae pale brown. Legs dark grey, tarsi with paler rings, tibiae with basal, medial and distal light dots, hind tibia with grey scale tuft. Wingspan 20.0–23.0 mm. Forewing upperside black, with weak brown suffusion in terminal third; dorsal maculae pure white, connection between them not interrupted, outer one may have one or two small dark dots on dorsum. Hindwing light brownish grey; scales in cell modified, narrow, darkened; veins darkened; termen slightly concave before anal corner; fringes white.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 41, 42). Indistinguishable from those of D. solii n. sp. Vesica (n=3) with 11–17 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 28) long, with oblique lateral sides, becoming broader towards posterior end.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. D. bernardi Karisch has the same hindwing shape as D. solii n. sp. However, it can immediately be separated from the latter by the lack of the conspicuous black scale patch on the hindwing upperside.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo and from western Uganda.</p><p>Biology. The habitat in Uganda is the edge of mountain forests.</p><p>Remarks. The male genitalia of D. bernardi Karisch and D. solii n. sp. are virtually indistinguishable, indicating that the two are closely related in spite of their striking external differences. Karisch (2005) placed D. bernardi in the metamorphica -group; however, it is herewith transferred to the niphadonta -group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEFFF901AE7FDC938F4F999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEFFF911AE7F9D93847FC11.text	03C13418FFEFFF911AE7F9D93847FC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena solii Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena solii Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 1, 11–13, 29, 43, 44, 64–67)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, TANZANIA: Kilimanjaro Region: South Pare, Kilomeni, 7.xi.2010, G.E.E. Søli, genitalia slide NHMO 2010 (NHMO). Paratypes: 13,1Ƥ, KENYA: Mount Kenya, Chorogia 0 0o14’S 37o35’E, 1600 m., 13–14.iv.2001, J. &amp; W. De Prins, genitalia slide 3 L. Aarvik 2007.015; genitalia slide Ƥ L. Aarvik 2007.016 (RMCA); 13,1Ƥ, Eastern Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.97&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.1543334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.97/lat 2.1543334)">Marsabit Mountain</a>, 2°9.26' N 37°58.20' E, 1530 m, 29.viii.2004, R. Copeland, genitalia slide 3 T. Karisch 2248, Ƥ USNM 84924 (USNM). TANZANIA: 1Ƥ, Arusha region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.506832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2395" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.506832/lat -3.2395)">Ngorongoro</a>, 3°14.37' S 35°30.41' E, 7500 ft., 08.v.2001, D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide T. Karisch 2245 (DA). 13, ZIMBABWE: Bvumba 1.i. 1994 D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide BMNH 32542 (BMNH).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Figs. 11, 12). Head: Black. Antenna black, scape white. Labial palpus 2 times diameter of eye, black, extreme tip white. Thorax: Greyish brown, with narrow light brown band in front, white posterior scale tuft, tegulae light brown. Legs dark grey, tarsi with paler rings, tibiae with basal, medial and distal light dots, hind tibia with beige scale tuft. Wingspan 17.0–21.0 mm. Forewing black, with some brown suffusion in tornal area; costal strigulae faint; connection between dorsal maculae narrow, but complete, outer macula triangular with dark streak; cilia brownish grey, one larger and one small white patch below apex. Hindwing light grey; basal scales narrower and darker than rest; conspicuous patch of broad, black scales below cell; veins darkened; termen curved inwards before anal corner; fringes white.</p><p>Female (Fig. 13). Head: As in male. Thorax: Wingspan 24.0 mm. Connection between dorsal maculae interrupted before outer macula. Hindwing darker grey than in male, paler at base.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 43, 44). Valva with internal round scale patch, incised before cucullus, cucullus strongly spined by incision and also with spines along ventral and terminal edge; phallus (Fig. 44) short, 537–663 μm., bottle-shaped, with 12–18 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 29) long.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 64–67). Sternite 7 with deep U-shaped excavation; sterigma extended posteriorly as a tongue-shaped asymmetrical projection; posterior part of ductus bursae sclerotised; signa short. Extension of the sterigma varying in size and degree of asymmetry (Figs. 65–67).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of D. solii n. sp. differ externally from the closely related D. bernardi by the presence of a patch of black sex scales on the hindwing upperside. The female of D. bernardi is unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.</p><p>Biology. The specimens from the Marsabit Mountain were reared from Caseria battiscombei R.E. Fries (Flacourtiaceae) .</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the collector of the holotype, Geir E.E. Søli.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEFFF911AE7F9D93847FC11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEEFF911AE7FC50388AFA67.text	03C13418FFEEFF911AE7FC50388AFA67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena tonitrualis (Meyrick 1934) Meyrick 1934	<div><p>Dracontogena tonitrualis (Meyrick, 1934)</p><p>(Fig. 45)</p><p>Eucosma tonitrualis Meyrick, 1934: 405 .</p><p>Eucosma tonitraulis (misspelling), Clarke 1958: 392, pl. 195, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.</p><p>Dracontogena tonitrualis, Diakonoff 1970: 124; Karisch 2005: 461, text fig. 9, pl. 1, fig. 9.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Eucosma tonitrualis, 3, Sao Tomé, 5.xi.1932, W.H.T. Tams, genitalia slide BMNH 7012 (BMNH).</p><p>Diagnosis. Wingspan 17.0 mm. Together with D. niphadonta characterised externally by the combination of a strongly notched hindwing and a patch of black sex scales. The other African species with a patch of black sex scales on the hindwing upperside, D. solii n. sp., has the hindwing termen only slightly concave. The male genitalia of D. tonitrualis differ from all other Dracontogena species by the slender cucullus (Fig. 45).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Sao Tomé, an island in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEEFF911AE7FC50388AFA67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFEEFF961AE7F981388AFE7A.text	03C13418FFEEFF961AE7F981388AFE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena metamorphica Meyrick 1928	<div><p>Dracontogena metamorphica species group</p><p>Male hindwing without modifications, valva lacking internal circular scale patch, male abdomen without coremata. The spatulate scales at the hindwing anal corner have a serrate distal edge. The species are variable, and in general, dissection of the genitalia is necessary for accurate identification.</p><p>Dracontogena metamorphica (Meyrick, 1928)</p><p>(Figs. 46, 62, 63)</p><p>Eucosma metamorphica Meyrick, 1928: 439; Clarke 1958: 375, pl. 186, figs. 1, 1a.</p><p>Dracontogena metamorphica Karisch 2005: 462, text figs. 13, 15, pl. 1, fig. 8.</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype of Eucosma metamorphica, 3, Sao Tomé, February, T.A. Barns, genitalia slide BMNH 9396 (BMNH); 1Ƥ, same data as lectotype, genitalia slide 30576 (BMNH); 1Ƥ, same data as lectotype, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2011.025 (USNM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Wingspan 20.0–25.0 mm. Externally, D. metamorphica resembles the bicoloured form of D. kingstoni n. sp. (see below). The male genitalia (Fig. 46) are distinct by the deeply excavate ventral edge of valva. The female genitalia (Fig. 62, 63) have sternite 7 deeply excavate with two membranous bands anterior of the excavation; segment 7 with conspicuous scale sockets anterolaterally; the sterigma large, becoming wider posteriorly; and the paired oval sclerites posterior of the sterigma small, separate.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Sao Tomé, an island in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFEEFF961AE7F981388AFE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFE8FF971AE7FF303819F93A.text	03C13418FFE8FF971AE7FF303819F93A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena kingstoni Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena kingstoni Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 14–17, 30, 47, 48, 68, 69)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, KENYA: Central Province: Thika District: 8 km. SW Thika Karamaini Estate 0 1o02’746’’S 36o59’472E, 1550 m., 28.vi.2010, A.J. Kingston, genitalia slide NHMO 2020 (NHMO). Paratypes: 233, 3Ƥ, same locality and collector as holotype, 13 21.vii. 2010 (AJK), 13 21.vii. 2010 (LA), 1Ƥ 16.viii.2010, genitalia slide NHMO 2021 (NHMO), 1Ƥ 30.vii.2010 (LA), 1Ƥ 14.x.2010 (AJK); 13 Kikuyu: Ibea, Escarpment 7500–8500 ft., ix–x.1900, Doherty, genitalia slide BMNH 31330 (BMNH); 233 Mount Kenya, Chorogia 0 0o14’S 37o35’E, 1600 m., 13–14.iv.2001, J. &amp; W. De Prins, genitalia slides L. Aarvik 2007.013, 2007.014 (RMCA); 13 Gatamaiyu Forest, 0 0o58’S 0 36o41’E, 2280 m., 4.iv.2003, J. &amp; W. De Prins, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.004 (RMCA).</p><p>Additional material not included in the type series. TANZANIA: 233, Arusha N. P.: Momela Road, 3°16.17'S 36°50.57' E, 5300 ft., 09.v.2001, D. J. L. Agassiz, genitalia slides T. Karisch 2243, 2739 (BMNH, DA).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Figs. 14–16). Head: Light brown. Antenna grey, scape beige. Labial palpus 1,5 times diameter of eye, blackish brown. Thorax: Dorsum and tegulae dark grey in front, light brown in middle, white band before middle and white posterior scale tuft. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, hind leg beige; fore and midtarsi with paler rings; fore and mid-tibiae with basal, medial and distal light dots; hind tibia with beige scale tuft, hind tarsi with grey rings. Wingspan 19.0–22.0 mm. Forewing black, suffused with brown; costal strigulae diffuse, brown; dorsal maculae connected, outer macula with dark dots; cilia brown, two small white patches below apex and one at tornus. Hindwing grey, with single cilia line.</p><p>Female (Fig. 17). Head: As in male. Thorax: Wingspan 27.0 mm. Labial palpus 2 times diameter of eye.</p><p>Variation. The description is based on the holotype. The series from Thika (333, 3Ƥ) is rather uniform and conform well with the single males from Gatamaiyu Forest and Kikuyu. One of the males (Fig. 14) from Thika differs slightly by having more a reddish brown colour of the forewing and thorax. The two males from Chorogia represent extreme forms - one (Fig. 16) with extensive bluish black suffusion on the forewing and the other (Fig. 15) with a pale thorax and distal third of the forewing.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 47, 48). Cucullus evenly rounded, sacculus shallowly sinuous, phallus (Fig. 48) of medium length, 698–756 μm., tapered from beyond middle, with 40–50 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 30) deeply incised laterally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 68, 69). Sternite 7 with broad U-shaped excavation; sterigma large, circular, heavily sclerotised on sides; ductus bursae with internal sclerite near ostium; the paired oval sclerites posterior of sterigma well sclerotised, touching each other and touching posterior edge of sterigma.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dracontogena kingstoni is distinct from D. gilligani n. sp. in the male genitalia by its broader valva and more strongly tapered phallus, which is smooth ventrally. The female genitalia of D. kingstoni have a broad sterigma. D. kingstoni differs from D. sundi n. sp. by its much narrower 8th tergite, and from D. deltozyga (Meyrick) by its more slender cucullus and lack of a dorsal process on the phallus.</p><p>Distribution. Kenya and Tanzania.</p><p>Biology. The series from Thika was collected inside a large coffee plantation. The natural habitat of the area is Acacia savanna.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Anthony Kingston, who collected the largest portion of the specimens including the holotype.</p><p>Remarks. The two specimens from Tanzania are not included in the type series. Each possesses a longer phallus, 795 μm. and 849 μm. In the Kenyan specimens the length is 698–756 μm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE8FF971AE7FF303819F93A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFE8FF8A1AE7F9463D83FD64.text	03C13418FFE8FF8A1AE7F9463D83FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena gilligani Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena gilligani Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 18, 19, 31, 49, 50, 70, 71)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, KENYA: Rift Valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.53333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.366665/lat -0.53333336)">Gilgil</a> 0o32’S 36o22’E, 2100 m., 27.xi.2005, D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide BMNH 28993 (BMNH). Paratypes: 1Ƥ, same locality and collector as holotype, 26.xi.2005, genitalia slide BMNH 28994 (BMNH); 1Ƥ, same locality, 26.xi.2010, T. Gilligan, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2860 (LA); 533, same locality, 28–30.xi.2010, T. Gilligan (TD); 1Ƥ, Mt. Elgon, viii.1954, T.H.E. Jackson, genitalia slide USNM 137,555 (USNM).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 18). Head: Brownish black. Antenna brownish grey, scape white. Labial palpus 1,5 times diameter of eye, brown, intermixed with black scales, extreme tip white. Thorax: Dorsum and tegulae with narrow black edge in front, broad white band before middle and white posterior scale tuft. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, hind leg beige; fore and mid-tarsi with paler rings; fore and mid-tibiae with basal, medial and distal light dots; hind tibia with beige scale tuft, hind tarsi with grey rings. Wingspan 18.0–19.0 mm. Forewing black, suffused with brown in distal third, particularly in tornal area; costal strigulae white; dorsal maculae rounded, connected, outer macula with dark dots; tiny discal white dot; cilia grey, rather large white patch below apex. Hindwing light grey, with single cilia line.</p><p>Female (Fig. 19). Head: As in male. Thorax: Wingspan 21.0–22.0 mm. Labial palpus 2 times diameter of eye. Male genitalia (Figs. 49, 50). Cucullus rather slender, dorsal and ventral edge nearly parallel, sacculus shallowly concave between sacculus and cucullus, phallus (Fig. 50) of medium length, 607–676 μm., slightly tapering from beyond middle, ventral edge rugose, with 44–48 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 31) very short, deeply incised laterally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 70, 71). Sternite 7 with narrow, deep U-shaped excavation; sterigma oval, extended posteriorly, weakly sclerotised on right side; ductus bursae with weak internal sclerite near ostium; the paired oval sclerites posterior of sterigma distinct, well separated from each other and posterior edge of sterigma.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male genitalia of D. gilligani are distinguished by the rugose ventral wall of the phallus, and the female genitalia by the elongate sterigma and separate oval sclerites.</p><p>Distribution. Kenya.</p><p>Biology. The habitat in Kenya is high elevation grassland and mixed scrub predominantly with leleshwa ( Tarchonanthus camphoratus L.) ( Asteraceae) and some Acacia gerrardii Benth. (Fabaceae) .</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Todd Gilligan, who collected a series at Gilgil, Kenya.</p><p>Remarks. A male from Malawi with the following data: Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, 15o22.010’S 35o18.959’E, 1470 m., 19–20.i.2006, A.J. Kingston, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2838 (LA), was first identified as D. gilligani n. sp. However, in the COI neighbour-joining tree, this specimen (termed Dracontogena sp. B) and a specimen from Kenya herein described as D. gilligani n. sp. cluster together with specimens not thought to be D. gilligani n. sp. (Fig. 78).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFE8FF8A1AE7F9463D83FD64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFF5FF8A1AE7FC823820F815.text	03C13418FFF5FF8A1AE7FC823820F815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena sundi Aarvik & Karisch	<div><p>Dracontogena sundi Aarvik &amp; Karisch, new species</p><p>(Figs. 20, 21, 32, 51, 52)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, 3, UGANDA: Kabarole Distr.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.030333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.34989998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.030333/lat 0.34989998)">Ruwenzori Mts.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.030333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.34989998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.030333/lat 0.34989998)">Nyakalengija</a> 0o20.994’N 30o01.820’E, 1700 m., 10–11.xi.2007, L. Aarvik &amp; M. Fibiger, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2810 (NHMO). Paratypes: 233, same data as holotype, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2809 (LA); 13, same data as holotype, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2811 (NHMO). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 13, Congo Belge: P.N.A. Massif Ruwenzori, Riv. Katauleko, aff. Butahu, 2180 m., 28–29.vii.1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; J. Kekenbosch, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2010.002 (RMCA).</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Figs. 20, 21). Head: Dark brownish black. Antenna dark brown. Labial palpus 1,5 times diameter of eye, brown, intermixed with black scales. Thorax: Dorsum and tegulae dark brownish black, light grey in middle. Fore and mid-legs dark grey, hind leg light beige; fore and mid-tarsi with paler rings; fore and mid-tibiae with basal, medial and distal light dots; hind tibia with beige scale tuft, hind tarsi with grey rings. Wingspan 21.0–24.0 mm. Forewing dark brownish grey, suffused with black in basal two thirds, shape of dorsal maculae and costal strigulae obscured by dark suffusion. Hindwing brownish grey, with single cilia line.</p><p>Variation. The description is based on the holotype. Two paratypes agree externally with the holotype, whereas the other paratypes (Fig. 21) have a more contrasting forewing pattern with a white dorsal maculae and a reddish suffusion.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 51, 52). Dorsal edge of valva straight, shallowly concave between sacculus and cucullus, with cluster of spines at concavity, phallus (Fig. 52) 734–801 μm., tapered from middle, with ca. 20 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 32) not incised laterally.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male genitalia of D. sundi n. sp. differ from those of both D. kingstoni n. sp. and D. gilligani n. sp. by having fewer small cornuti in the phallus and the 8th tergite not laterally incised.</p><p>Distribution. Ruwenzori Mountains, both on the eastern Ugandan side and the western Congolese side.</p><p>Biology. The habitat is mosaic of mountain forest and small cultivated fields.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Karsten Sund, Natural History Museum, Oslo, who photographed the species treated in the present work.</p><p>Remarks. Additional males from Uganda externally resembling D. sundi n. sp. differ in the number of cornuti and the shape of 8th tergite. This material represents up to three undescribed species. Until more material becomes available, we refrain from describing these species. Some of these specimens were DNA barcoded (Fig. 78) and are denoted as Dracontogena sp. A, Dracontogena sp. C and Dracontogena sp. D.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFF5FF8A1AE7FC823820F815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FF303DBCFADA.text	03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FF303DBCFADA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena deltozyga (Meyrick 1928) Meyrick 1928	<div><p>Dracontogena deltozyga (Meyrick, 1928) comb. n.</p><p>(Figs. 22, 33, 53, 54, 72, 73)</p><p>Eucosma deltozyga Meyrick, 1928: 440 .</p><p>Fulcrifera deltozyga, Razowski &amp; Krüger 2007: 132, figs. 129, 251.</p><p>Material: 3, MALAWI: Nyika Plateau, S of Vitintiza Hill, Sambara River, 1700 m., Brachystegia forest , 15.x.1996, W. Mey &amp; M. Nuss, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2007.010 (ZMHU) .</p><p>Description. Adult. Male (Fig. 22). Head: Dark brownish black. Antenna dark brown, scape white above. Labial palpus 1,5 times diameter of eye, brownish black. Thorax: Dorsum and tegulae black, with broad white band in middle and white posterior tuft. Fore and mid legs black, hind leg beige; fore and mid tarsi with white rings; fore and mid tibiae with basal, medial and distal white dots; hind tibia with beige scale tuft, hind tarsi with grey rings. Wingspan 17.0–20.0 mm. Forewing black, suffused with brown in tornal area, dorsal white maculae rounded, outer macula with dark brown strigulae on dorsum; costal strigulae distinct; white patch at termen below apex; cilia grey with white patch below apex. Hindwing brownish grey, with single cilia line.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 53, 54). Valva with broad cucullus, strongly widened dorsally; between sacculus and cucullus shallowly concave, phallus (Fig. 54) 653 μm. (n=1), broadest in middle, with ca. 50 small cornuti. Tergite 8 (Fig. 33) short, incised laterally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 72, 73). We tentatively identify the following two females from Malawi as D. deltozyga: Central Region, Lilongwe District: Ntchisi Forest Reserve, 1Ƥ, 18.ii.2004, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide L. Aarvik 2737 (LA); 1Ƥ, 12.xii.2002, D.J.L. Agassiz, genitalia slide T. Karisch 2244 (DA). Sternite 7 with deep Ushaped excavation; sterigma large, strongly sclerotised posteriorly; ductus bursae with weak internal sclerite near ostium; paired oval sclerites posterior of sterigma large, dish-shaped, overlapping with posterior edge of sterigma, ductus bursae with weak internal sclerite near ostium.</p><p>Diagnosis. The presence of a dorsal process on the phallus is diagnostic for this species.</p><p>Distribution. Republic of South Africa and Malawi.</p><p>Remarks. D. deltozyga was described from a single male from Transvaal, Rep. S. Africa (Meyrick 1928). The type was examined by Razowski &amp; Krüger (2007) who figured the wings and genitalia. These authors placed the species in the genus Fulcrifera Danilevsky &amp; Kuznetsov, 1968 . This decision was obviously based on the presence of a small dorsal process on the phallus. We transfer the species to Dracontogena based on the typical wing pattern and the male genitalia that resemble other species of Dracontogena . We will not speculate whether the dorsal process on the aedegus of D. deltozyga is homologous with the fulcrum in Fulcrifera species. We identify the male from Malawi as D. deltozyga based on the male genitalia, viz. the shape of cucullus and the presence of the dorsal process on the phallus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FF303DBCFADA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FA603D0AF80C.text	03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FA603D0AF80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena schnirchi Karisch 2005	<div><p>Dracontogena schnirchi Karisch, 2005</p><p>(Figs. 74, 75)</p><p>Dracontogena schnirchi Karisch 2005: 464, text fig. 17, pl. 1, fig. 11.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, Ƥ, ZAIRE: Prov. Equateur, Kalamba 55 km südl. Mbandaka, 3 km östlich Ort, 8.viii.1991, T. Karisch, genitalia slide T. Karisch 1676 (MNVD) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Wingspan 24.5 mm. The forewing is blackish brown; the dorsal maculae are broadly interconnected, with dark dots and streaks. The female genitalia has a quadrate sterigma with rounded corners, with the posterior edge strongly sclerotised; and the sclerites posterior of the sterigma are united, forming a broad plate.</p><p>Remarks. Known only from the holotype. The broadly interconnected dorsal maculae with tiny marks are characteristic. Without knowledge of the male, the position of D. schnirchi within the genus cannot be determined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFF1FF8E1AE7FA603D0AF80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
03C13418FFF2FF8D1AE7FA793D6AF832.text	03C13418FFF2FF8D1AE7FA793D6AF832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dracontogena lucki Karisch 2005	<div><p>Dracontogena lucki Karisch, 2005</p><p>(Figs. 76, 77)</p><p>Dracontogena lucki Karisch 2005: 463, text fig. 16, pl. 1, fig. 6.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, Ƥ, KENYA: Mugaga, vi.1968, E.S Brown, genitalia slide BMNH 30598 (BMNH).</p><p>Diagnosis. Wingspan 28.0 mm. The forewing has the typical Dracontogena pattern, blackish brown with two white, triangular marks on the dorsum. The female genitalia resemble those of D. kingstoni n. sp. with a large oval sterigma, but differ from the latter by the lack of a broad sclerotised lateral edge of sterigma and paired sclerites posterior of the sterigma.</p><p>Remarks. Known only from the holotype. Judging from the genitalia, it appears to be closely related with D. kingstoni n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C13418FFF2FF8D1AE7FA793D6AF832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aarvik, Leif;Karisch, Timm;Marthinsen, Gunnhild	Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012): Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3478: 345-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32
