identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7.text	03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini new species</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4)</p>
            <p> Material studied. Holotype: Ƌ BRASIL: Goiás: Mineiros. Parque Nacional das Emas. 18°00’51”S; 52°58’17”W. 870mosl. Prc 54. III-2011. HumFaec. MFSouza /  Dichotomius darwini n. sp. , holotype. RVNunes &amp; FZVaz-de- Mello [CEMT]. Paratypes: same as holotype [3 ♀, CEMT]; same but 17°55’47”S; 52°57’49”W. 838mosl. Prc 7. [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 17°59’46”S; 52°56’11”W. 852mosl. Prc 37 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 18°03’43”S; 52°56’35”W. 860mosl. Prc 32 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same locality but 1999. G.Machado [3 Ƌ, 3♀, CEMT]. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. In the group,  D. darwini n. sp. is one of the five recognized brachypterous species and is separated from them by the wrinkling/striation on the cephalic carina (Figs. 4 A–B, E). </p>
            <p>Holotype. male: length: 19.5 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 12.5 mm. Black, shinny. Head: dorsal surface wrinkled/striated. Clypeogenal junction obtuse. Margin of clypeal teeth bearing a single row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process feebly bifurcated (? possibly broken). Cephalic carina striated, as tall as wide, slightly emarginated apically and lacking tubercles at apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct. Antennal club with light red tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and wider than elytra. Anterior excavation bearing dense coarse ocellate punctures spaced by twice their diameter. Ocellate punctures present along the pronotal margins being interrupted near the anterior angles. Pronotal disc delimited from the anterior declivity by a slight curved lobe. Anterior angles acute. Hypomeron: anterior portion with a lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: strongly narrowed, glabrous and chagrinated medially. Mesepisternum: bearing ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and reaching pseudoepipleuron (Figs. 1 B–C). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially. Ocellate setose puncture present along the anterior margin of the lobe. Long and sparse setae present along the margins of the anterior lobe. Mestasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that ends in a feeble posterior concavity. Fine puncture present around this posterior concavity, near the region between the coxae. Elytra: interstriae shinny. Lacking humeral callus. Striae punctures separated by twice their diameter. Elytral interstriae convex. Hind wings: length: 11mm. Having folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending toward the folding articulation. Distinct setae present on the basal third of costal axis and on folding region. Part of the cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venation. Legs: anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at the apical third. Anterior tibiae with three well defined teeth and a fourth basal one, feebly indicated by a sinuosity. Ventral surface of anterior femur smooth, glabrous. Length of 5th hind tarsomere twice the length of the 4th hind tarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures along the upper margin. Pygidium: wider than long. Shinny, glabrous, lacking distinct punctures. Paramera: (as in Figs 4 C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitduinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view). Beggining of longidutinal excavation delimited by an acute angle (lateral view).</p>
            <p> Morphological variation. Length varies from 18.5–19.5 mm on males and from 18–21 mm on females. Pronotum width varies from 12.0– 12.5 mm on males and from 11.5–12 mm on females. Both males and females have variations in following characters: Head: height of the clypeo frontal carina varies among the individuals – generally it is direct proportional to the body size. Pronotum: anterior declivity may vary in size. In most females, the anterior declivity as well the punctures are less conspicuous. Elytra: both males and females have variations on the shining of the elytra basis, which may have brown reflections. Abdomen: Only on females, the sixth abdominal segment has a pair of central tubercles and that is typical within the brachypterous species of the  quadraticeps group (Fig. 1 A). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the municipality of Mineiros, south of the state of Goiás, Brazil. All known specimens were collected at the Parque Nacional das Emas, a major conservation unit at Central Brazil (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p> Etymology. Named after Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882), in part because of his admiration and enthusiasm on  Scarabaeidae beetles and in part because this species is a good example of atrophy or disuse, a theme that that he discussed on the Chapter V of his Origin, listing several examples of brachypterous animals (Darwin 1859). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Due to the males pronotal and paramera conformation, it is close to the other brachypterous species in the group and to  D. fissiceps (Felsche) a macropterous species occuring in gallery forests near the locality-type.  D. darwini inhabits open habitat formation (a type of Cerrado grassland formation called campo-sujo). It is attracted by human feces and two individuals were seen activity during the hottest hour of the day (between 11:00 and 13:00 (M.F. Souza, personal communication). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
03C187AE4539FF870EC8F964FD00FCEE.text	03C187AE4539FF870EC8F964FD00FCEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens (Luederwaldt 1935) Luederwaldt 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens (Luederwaldt 1935)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3)</p>
            <p> Pinotus ingens Luederwaldt 1935: 341 (original description); </p>
            <p> Pinotus ingens, Blackwelder 1944: 207 (checklist); </p>
            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens, Pereira &amp; D’Andretta 1955: 248 (male description);  Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens , Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 195 (checklist); </p>
            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens, Daniel et al. 2014: 6 (ecologic/biogeographic study, species list). </p>
            <p>Holotype: female: BRASIL: Mato Grosso. Chapada dos Guimarães. 1902. Robert (leg.) [NHML] (Fig. 3 E).</p>
            <p>Non-type specimens studied. no data [1 ♀, CEMT]; BRASIL: Mato Grosso. Rosário Oeste. Maller leg. Coll. Martínez. Sept 1961 [1 Ƌ, CMNC, doubtful locality?]; Cuiabá. Fazenda Mutuca. Mata 4. 2-II-2009 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 15°18’08”S; 55°57’54”W. Pitfall pulmão bovino. III-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 15°18’25”S; 55°58’07”W. Cerrado chaquenho. Pitfall baço bovino. II-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 15°18’08”S; 55°57’54”W. Pitfall pulmão bovino. III-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ 4 ♀, CEMT]; Chapada dos Guimarães. entre Portão do Inferno e cidade. Coleta Manual. WOSouza. 2002 [2 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; Cuiabá. Módulo ComCerrado 15º 18' S; 55º54' W. Pitfall. MSAlbuquerque [13 Ƌ 10 ♀ CEMT]; same locality but pitfall human feces. 1-XII-2012. Daniel, G.M. [5 Ƌ 1 ♀ CEMT]. Mato Grosso do Sul. Dourados. Jardim Europa. 25-VI-2007. VHoras leg. [1 ♀, CEMT, doubtful locality].</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  D. ingens (Luederwaldt) is separated of the other brachypterous species in this group by having ocellate punctures on pygidium (near the basis) (Fig. 2 D). </p>
            <p>Males. Length: 21.0 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 12.5 mm. Black, shinny. Head: dorsal surface smooth with ocellate puncture present arround the internal border of eyes. Clypeogenal junction with obtuse angle. Margin of clypeal teeth bearing a row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process strongly bifurcated. Cephalic horn smooth, with rounded apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct and producing a posterior knob. Antennal club with light red tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and wider than elytra. Anterior portion of pronotal disc with two lobes. Ocellate puncture lacking on pronotal disc but circudating pronotal borders, including anterior angles and anterior excavation. Anterior angles acute. Hypomeron: anterior portion with lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: strongly narrowed and glabrous medially. Mesepisternum: covered by ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and reaching the pseudoepipleuron (Fig. 1). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially, bearing ocellate setose punctures and long and sparse setae present along the margins. Metasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that produces a feeble posterior concavity. Elytra: shinny, lacking humeral callus, bearing ill blue reflections near the basis. Striae with ocellate punctures spaced by twice their diameter. Hind wings: length: 11mm. Bearing folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending to the folding articulation. Distinct setae present on basal third of costal axis and at folding articulation. Cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venation. Legs: anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at the apical quarter. Anterior tibiae bearing four teeth. Length of the 5th metatarsomere twice the length of the 4th metatarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures along the upper margin. Pygidium: wider than long. Bearing ocellate punctures near the basis. Paramera: (As in Figs. 3 C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitudinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Longitudinal excavation taking more then half the length of paramera. Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view).dorsally symmetrical.</p>
            <p>Morphological variation. Length varies from 18.0–21.0 mm on males and from 18.5–19.0 mm on females. Pronotum width varies from 12.0– 12.5 mm on males and from 11.0– 11.5 mm on females. The pronotal anterior declivity, the lobes of the anterior portion of pronotal disc and cephalic horn is subject to strong variation on males. Both on males and females, elytra basis might have blue or brown reflections. Females differ from males on the following characters: Head: dorsal surface striated except near the clypeal anterior emargination (teeth). Clypeofrontal horn produced in weak transversal carina, very ill bifurcated. Pronotum: anterior declivity, excavation and pronotal disc lobes smaller less developed. Ocellate punctures on the excavation anterior to the declivity more conspicuous than in males. Abdomen: 6th abdominal sternite with a central pair of tubercles (Fig. 1 A).</p>
            <p> Distribution. Municipalities of Cuiabá and Chapada dos Guimarães comprising the region of Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We have analysed a specimen with dubious locality (probably wrong labels), from Dourados municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul State (900 km far from the localities of other analysed specimens) (Fig. 8). We presume that Dourados is far enough from Chapada to avoid the dispersal of a flightless species: like other species in the  ingens complex, the distribution of  D. ingens is very narrow. Besides, despite we have done successive dung beetle samples on both regions, we only found  D. ingens at Chapada and adjacent localities, and even the Rosário Oeste record needs confirmation. </p>
            <p> Remarks. close to  D. paresi and  D. fissiceps mainly due the conformation of males paramera, head and pronotum (Figs. 3 A–B, 6A–B). The distribution of  D. ingens is separated from  D. paresi by a hill/mountain formation (Serra das Araras). Both species are found in the similar ecological context: active at the hottest hours of the day at open habitats (campos and cerrado s. str. formations) and strongly attracted by carrion (include those of invertebrates). Some collected adults fed on rotten fruits and organic garbage. This species is necessarily associated to sandy soils surrounding Chapada dos Guimarães Plateau, a very specific habitat prrotected by the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (Daniel et al. 2014). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE4539FF870EC8F964FD00FCEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
03C187AE4533FF890EC8FEF0FDB7F8B1.text	03C187AE4533FF890EC8FEF0FDB7F8B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) manni	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) manni new species</p>
            <p>(Fig. 5)</p>
            <p> Material studied. Holotype: Ƌ Serra da Canastra, M.G BRASIL / OUMNH-2003-051 W.D.Hamilton Colln. /  Dichotomius manni n. sp. , holotype. RVNunes &amp; FZVaz-de-Mello, (det) [OUMNH]. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. In the group,  D. manni n. sp. is the largest of the five recognized brachypterous species and is separated from them by the following combined characters: cephalic carina higher than wide bearing a feeble emargination at the apex (Fig. 5 A); anterior pronotal excavation bearing spaced fine punctures spaced by more than twice their diameter (Fig. 5 A); central curved lobe delimiting the pronotal disc from the anterior declivity (Fig. 5 A) and paramera longitudinal excavation taking the apical one third (Fig. 5 B). </p>
            <p>Holotype. male: length: 25.0 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 14 mm. Black, shiny. Head: dorsal surface smooth, bearing few ocellate punctures s close to the internal border of the eyes. Clypeogenal junction with obtuse angle. Margins of clypeal teeth bearing a row of scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process strongly bifurcated. Cephalic carina higher than wide and bearing a feeble emargination at the apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct and producing a knob close to the posterior portion. Antennal club with light brown tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and wider than elytra. Anterior excavation bearing fine punctures spaced by more than twice their diameter. Anterior portion of pronotal lacking lobes. Anterior angle acute. Hypomeron: anterior portion with a lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: covered by ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: strongly narrowed, glabrous and opaque medially. Mesepisternum: having ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle, reaching pseudoepipleuron (Figs. 1 B–C). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Ocellate setose punctures present along the margins of the metasternal lobe. Metasternal disc with a feeble longitudinal sulcus producing a feeble posterior concavity. Elytra: shinny, lacking humeral callus. Points of the striae separated by twice their diameter. Elytral interstriae feebly convex. Hind wings: length: 11 mm. Reduced but articulated at the folding region. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending to folding articulation. Distinct setae present on the basal third of costal axis and at folding articulation. Cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venations. Legs: anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at apical fifth. Anterior tibiae bearing four lateral teeth. Ventral surface of anterior femur smooth and glabrous. Length of the fifth metatarsomere twice the length of the fourth metatarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures along the anterior border. Pygidium: shinny, smooth, wider than long, lacking punctures. Paramera: having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitudinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Anterior border of circular/rounded excavation carinates. Longitudinal excavation taking 1/3 the length of paramera. Apex divergent (dorsal view).</p>
            <p>Distribution. the holotype is known from Serra da Canastra, south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named after Dr. Darren J. Mann, Head of life collections at Hope Entomological Collections of OUMNH and that kindly landed to us the holotype of this species.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  D. manni n. sp. is the largest brachypterpus species in  Selenocopris . It is similar to  D. periotoi by the pronotum and the clypeo-frontal carina. However, the short longitudinal excavation of the paramera are similar to those found in  D. paresi n. sp. The label of the holotype does not bring additional information concerning habitat or other natural history information. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE4533FF890EC8FEF0FDB7F8B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
03C187AE4532FF8A0EC8F88DFD16FAAF.text	03C187AE4532FF8A0EC8F88DFD16FAAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) paresi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) paresi new species</p>
            <p>(Fig. 6)</p>
            <p> Material studied. Holotype: Ƌ BRASIL: Mato Grosso: Nova Marilândia. Fazenda Aparecida da Serra. 14°21’14”S; 57°43’54”W. Human feces. 17-I-2010. RJSilva (leg.) /  Dichotomius paresi n. sp. , holotype. RVNunes &amp; FZVaz-de-Mello, 2011 [CEMT]. Paratypes: same data of holotype [2 Ƌ, 2♀, CEMT]; Nova Marilândia, 2008. </p>
            <p>Cerrado sensu stricto. Pitfall s/ isca. Tombo 13 [7 Ƌ, 2♀ CEMT]; Same but Fazenda Aparados da Serra. 14°22’01”S; 57°43’30”O. 575mosl. Cerrado s. str. Pitfall s. isca. 8- 16-II-2 0 0 8 [2 Ƌ 1 ♀ CEMT]; same but 30 km NW Tangará da Serra. 3–9.XII.2012. Vaz-de-Mello, Pokorný &amp; Beneč [5 Ƌ SPPC].</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. In the group,  D. paresi n. sp. is separated of other species in the group (including the brachypterous) by the following combined characters: posterior portion of the pronotal disc bearing ocellate punctures (Figs. 6 A–B); elytral striae widened near the basis and lacking punctures (Fig. 6 E) and anterior portion of pronotal border flattened (dorsal view) (Figs. 6 A–B). </p>
            <p>Holotype. male: length: 17.0 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 10.5 mm. Black, shinny. Head: dorsal surface smooth, bearing few occellate puncturess close to the internal border of the eyes. Clypeogenal junction obtuse. Margins of clypeal teeth bearing a single row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process strongly bifurcated. Cephalic process smooth, consisting of a single conical horn. Clypeo-genal suture distinct, producing a posterior knob. Antennal club with dark brown tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and sub equal to elytra on width. Anterior excavation bearing ocellate punctures very close to each other. A bilobed projection delimits the pronotal disc from the anterior declivity. Pronotal disc shining: smooth anteriorly and bearing ocellate punctures posteriorly – the diameter of the punctures increase toward the posterior margin of pronotum. Ocellate punctures also present on pronotal margins and at the anterior angles. Anterior angles acute. Anterior portion of pronotal sides flattened (dorsal view). Hypomeron: anterior portion with a lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: strongly narrowed, glabrous and chagrinated medially. Mesepisternum: having ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and reaching pseudoepipleuron (Figs. 1 B–C). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially. Ocellate setose puncture present along the margins of the metasternal lobe – these points became denser around the anterior margin. Mestasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that ends in a feeble posterior concavity. Elytra: black, shinny, lacking humeral callus. Striae widened near the elytral basis, lacking punctures, at most with some indication of points near the elytra apex (Fig. 6 E). Elytral interstriae feebly convex. Hind wings: length: 11mm. Having folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending to the folding articulation. Distinct setae present on the basal third of costal axis and on folding articulation. Cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venations. Legs: anterior tibiae spur curved inward at apical third. Anterior tibiae bearing four teeth. Ventral surface of the anterior femur glabrous. Length of 5th metatarsomere twice the length of 4th metatarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures on the upper margin. Pygidium: shinny, lacking punctures, wider than long. Paramera: (as in Figs. 6 C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitudinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Anterior border of circular/ rounded excavation carinates. Longitudinal excavation taking 1/3 the length of paramera. Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view).</p>
            <p>Morphological variation. length varies from 17.0– 17.5 mm on males and from 17.5–18.0 mm on females. Pronotum width varies from 10.5–11.5 mm on males and from 10.5–12.0 mm on females. Both males and females show variations in following characters: head: height of the clypeo-frontal carina. Pronotum: anterior declivity may vary in size: on most of the females, the declivity is lower. Also on females, ocellate punctures at anterior lobe are more sparse and smaller (3/4 the diameter of the male biggest occellus). Elytra: both males and females have variations on the color of the elytra base that may exhibit brown reflections. Abdomen: only on females, the sixth abdominal segment has a pair of central tubercles vertically oriented (Fig. 1 A)</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the region of Chapada dos Parecis, municipalities of Nova Marilândia and Tangará da Serra, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p> Etymology. The species is named after the region that covers the type-locality known as Chapada dos Parecis (Parecis plateau, usually spelled with “c”) at the brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia.  Paresi (spelled with “s”) is also the denomination of the ethnic groups living at the same region. </p>
            <p> Remarks. this is the only species of  Selenocopris that bears ocellate punctures on the pronotal disc and the unique in the  quadraticeps group that lacks punctures in the elytral striae. Among the brachypterous species in the group, the male paramera is most similar to  D. manni while the males head and pronotum characters are shared with  D. ingens and  D. fissiceps .  Dichotomius paresi has been collected at open habitat (cerrado sensu stricto formation) at  Paresi Plateau, which takes part of the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia. Ecologically, this species is similar to  D. ingens , both were collected at open habitats, at the hottest hours of the day (between 11:00 and 13:00) and being mostly attracted to carrion. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE4532FF8A0EC8F88DFD16FAAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
03C187AE4530FF8F0EC8FA02FE85FCEF.text	03C187AE4530FF8F0EC8FA02FE85FCEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) periotoi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dichotomius (Selenocopris) periotoi ,  new species</p>
            <p>(Fig. 7)</p>
            <p> Material studied. Holotype: Ƌ BRASIL: São Paulo: Descalvado. Fazenda Itaúnas. 21°54’09”S; 47°43’55”W. Mata-Citrus. Pitfall. 17-XI-2007. NWPerioto (leg.). /  Dichotomius periotoi n. sp. , holotype. RVNunes &amp; FZVazde-Mello, 2011 [CEMT]. Paratypes: same data as holotype [3 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; same but 2.XI-2004 [6 Ƌ 5 ♀, IBSP]; same but 3-I-2005 [4 Ƌ 3 ♀, IBSP]; same but 16-XII-2004 [3 Ƌ 2 ♀, IBSP]; same but 23-III-2008 [4 Ƌ 5 ♀, CEMT]; same but 23-II-2006 [4 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 27-II-2008 [2 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 27-XI-2006 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 22-I-2007 [4 Ƌ 8 ♀, CEMT]; same but 6-IV-2006 [5 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; same but 7-IV-2005 [1 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 13-I-2005 [1 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; 2 ♀, same but 13-XI-2006 [2 ♀, CEMT]; same but 13-II-2008 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 24-III-2 0 0 5 [4 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same data but 15-XII-2005 [3 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 9- II-2006 [3 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 9-II-2007 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 9-I-2007 [1 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; same but 11-XII- 2006 [3 ♀, CEMT]; same but 16-I-2008 [2 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 1-XII-2005 [1 Ƌ, 2 ♀, CEMT]; same but 20-IV- 2005 [1 Ƌ 3 ♀, CEMT]; same but 4-II-2007 [4 Ƌ 5 ♀, CEMT]; same but 5-I-2006 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 19-X- 2006 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 4- II-2 0 0 7 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 3-XI-2005 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 10-II-2005 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 2-II-2009 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 18-V-2006 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 11-XII-2006 [1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 25-II-2005 [1 ♀, CEMT]. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. In the group,  D. periotoi n. sp. is separated of the other brachypterous species in the group by the following combined characters: dorsal surface shinny and usually with brown or blue reflections; cephalic carina taller than wide, with two tubercles at apex (Fig. 7 A); dorsal surface of head smooth (Fig. 7 A); surface of pronotal anterior excavation smooth, bearing few and sparse fine punctures (Figs. 7 A, E) and anterior portion of pronotal disc having two lobes. </p>
            <p>Holotype. Male: length: 19.5 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 13 mm. Dorsal surface black, strongly shinny. Head: dorsally smooth, with few ocellate punctures around the internal border of the eyes. Clypeogenal junction with obtuse angle. Margin of clypeal teeth bearing a single row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process strongly bifurcated. Clypeo-frontal carina smooth, higher than wide, emarginated medially forming two tubercles at each apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct, producing a posterior knob. Antennal club with light brown tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and wider than elytra. Pronotal excavation anterior to the declivity bearing at most simple punctures (20x). Ocellate punctures present along around pronotal margin (except near the anterior excavation) and anterior angles. Pronotal disc delimited by the anterior declivity by a bilobed projection. Anterior angles acute. Hypomeron: anterior portion with a lateral external band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: narrowed, glabrous and chagrinated medially. Mesepisternum: having ocellate setose punctures, more abundant on the anterior portion. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and almost reaching the pseudoepipleuron (Figs. 1 C– D). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially. Ocellate setose punctures present along the margins of the metasternal lobe and being denser near the anterior portion of the lobe. Mestasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that produces a feeble posterior concavity. Elytra: shinny, lacking humeral callus. Striae with feeble punctures separated by twice its diameter. Elytral interstriae convex. Hind wings: length: 11mm. Having folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending to the folding region. Distinct setae present on the basal third of costal axis and on folding region. Cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venations. Legs: anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at the apical quarter. Anterior tibiae bearing four teeth. Ventral surface of the anterior femur glabrous. Length of the 5th hind tarsomere twice the length of the 4th hind tarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures on the upper margin. Pygidium: wider than long. Shinning, glabrous and lacking distinct punctures. Paramera: (as in Figs. 7 C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitudinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Longitudinal excavation taking more then half the length of paramera. Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view).</p>
            <p>Morphological variation. length varies from 15–21.5 mm on males and from 17–21.5 mm on females. Pronotum width varies from 7.5–13 mm on males and from 9.5–12.5 mm on females. Both males and females have variations on the following characters: Head: variations on the height, emargination and tubercles of the clypeofrontal carina. On the smallest male examined, a simple rounded horn with rounded apeex replaces the transversal carina. Pronotum: on smaller males and females, the bilobed projection delimiting the pronotal disc from the anterior declivity is feebly indicated. Elytra: both males and females have variations on the shiny of elytra basis, which can also have brown or blue reflections. Abdomen: females have the sixth abdominal sternite witth a pair of central tubercles (Fig. 1 A).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known only from the Descalvado municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Despite this locality is close to the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina (a research station at Itirapina municipality, 30 km south), there is no record for this species there (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p>Etymology. named after Nelson W. Perioto, who collected the whole type series and sent most of it to CEMT.</p>
            <p> Remarks. in general, the sexual dimosrphism of  D. periotoi n. sp. is less pronounced then on other species and smaller males seems to be more usual. Paramera is very similar to those o  D. darwini . Externally, is very close to  D. manni and larger individuals of  D. transiens from central Brazil. The whole type series was collected with pitfall lacking attratctive baits, however we think that the dead insects in the pitfall might have attracted such a huge series of individuals. This species is associated to open habitats (cerrado sensu strictu), including those with  Citrus plantations. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE4530FF8F0EC8FA02FE85FCEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
03C187AE453AFF830EC8F8AEFA00F94C.text	03C187AE453AFF830EC8F8AEFA00F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Selenocopris Burmeister	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key for species groups and brachypterous species of  Selenocopris Burmeister</p>
            <p> The following key allows the identification of the  Selenocopris species groups and the brachypterous species of the subgenus, now assigned to the  quadraticeps species group. When not specified, the characters fit both for males and females. Females differ from males by always having the 6th abdominal sternite not shortened medially (usually three times wider than the 5th sternite) and/or having modifications on the median portion of it or at the apex of pygidium (Figs. 1 A, 1H–L). </p>
            <p> 1 Clypeo-genal junction border rounded, lacking angulation (Fig. 1 F) and/or clypeal teeth separated from adjacent clypeal bor- der by external emarginations (Fig. 1 F). Female pygidium swollen, apex excavated in some species (Figs. 2 B–C) and/or female 6th abdominal sternite bearing a rounded central lobe advancing above pygidium apex. (Fig. 1 I). South portion of Atlantic Forest (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina) and gallery forests at Central Brazil and South America Chaco .................................................................................................  bicuspis species group </p>
            <p>- Clypeo-genal junction border not rounded, forming at least an obtuse angle, which may be very obtuse on smaller males and females (Fig. 1 G), clypeal teeth never separated from adjacent clypeal border by external emarginations (Fig. 1 G). Female pygidium normally convex, apex never excavated; female 6th abdominal sternite either 3x wider than other segments (Fig. 1 L) or having other modifications at the median portion (emarginations, grooves, projecions or tubercles) (Figs. 1 H, 1K). Forest habitats in South America............................................................................... 2</p>
            <p> 2 Male 6th abdominal ventrite with strong transverse groove all along its extension (Fig. 1 J). Female 6th abdominal ventrite with a "U" shape emargination at medial portion (Fig. 1 K). Apex of male paramera curved inward (dorsal and ventral view) lacking rounded or circular excavations near basis (dorsal view). Pronotum simply convex, having at most a pair of tubercles at anterior portion.........................................................................  ascanius species group </p>
            <p>- Male 6th abdominal segment lacking strong transverse groove all over its extension. Female 6th abdominal sternite with tubercles or other modifications at medial portion (Figs. 1 A,H,L). Male paramera curved inward or outward (dorsal and ventral view) and/or truncated at apex and having rounded or circular excavations near basis (dorsal view) (Fig. 3 C–D). Pronotum simply convex or having excavations, tubercles, lobes or strong declivity at anterior portion......................... 3</p>
            <p> 3 Male clypeo-genal junction border either in straight sub-straight or even acute angle, in some cases expanded (Fig. 1 G). Genal border usually curved inward and clypeal teeth always curved upward. Female 6th abdominal sternite or 3x larger then 5th segment medially or having a central pair of tubercles (Figs. 1 A, 1L)......  quadraticeps species group (continues on couplet 5) </p>
            <p>- Male clypeo-genal junction border always obtuse and never expanded. Genal border straight and clypeal teeth curved upward or not. Female 6th abdominal sternite with a pair of triangular projections advancing beneath pygidial apex (Fig. 1 H)..... 4</p>
            <p> 4 Body almost always over 15 mm in length. Elytral striae and its punctures shallowly and weakly impressed (Fig. 1 D). Elytral interstriae flat, with either silky aspect given by its microsculpture (chagrination) and/or bearing brown or blue reflections. Male paramera bearing longitudinal excavations (dorsal and ventral view) (as those on Fig. 3 C–D)......  fissus species group </p>
            <p> - Body almost always under 15 mm in length. Elytral striae and its punctures deeply impressed (Fig. 1 E). Elytral interstriae shinny, not bearing microsculpture (chagrination), sometimes with color reflections. Male paramera lacking longitudinal excavations..........................................................................  spadiceus species group </p>
            <p>5 Brachypterous species (atrophied hind wings) (Fig. 2 E): lacking humeral callus; pronotum wider than elytra (dorsal view); elytra strongly convex (lateral view) (Fig. 1 B).............................................................. 6</p>
            <p>- Macropterous species (fully developed hind wings) (Fig. 2 E): having humeral callus; pronotum with the same width as elytra (dorsal view); elytra normally convex (lateral view).............................. macropterous species not dealt here</p>
            <p> 6 Pygidium bearing ocellate punctures near anterior margin (basis) (Fig. 2 D). Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state, Brazil ...........................................................  Dichotomius (S.) ingens (Luederwaldt 1935) (Fig. 3) </p>
            <p>- Pygidium lacking ocellate punctures (Fig. 2 C), at most having very fine punctures (20x)............................. 7</p>
            <p> 7 Posterior portion of pronotal disc bearing ocellate punctures (Figs. 6 A–B). Elytral striae widened, lacking distinct punctures (Figs. 6 A–B, E). Chapada dos Parecis at Mato Grosso state, Brazil ................  Dichotomius (S.) paresi n.sp. (Fig. 6) </p>
            <p>- Pronotal disc lacking ocellate punctures, those being sometimes restricted to posterior margin, anterior angles and/or to the anterior excavation. Elytral striae narrow and always bearing distinct punctures all over its extension (Fig. 1 E).......... 8</p>
            <p> 8 Cephalic carina surface wrinkled (striated) (Figs. 4 A–B, E). Anterior excavation of pronotum bearing coarse punctures (Fig. 4 F). Chapadão do Céu, Goiás state, Brazil ..............................................  Dichotomius (S.) darwini</p>
            <p>- Cephalic carina lacking striation. Anterior excavation of pronotum bearing at most fine punctures (20 x) (as on Fig. 7 E)... 9</p>
            <p> 9 Clypeo-frontal horn carinate, strongly transverse, widely emarginated at the apex and producing two tubercles at each apex (Fig. 7 A). On smaller individuals, cephalic horn not producing lateral tubercles but still with a conspicuous emargination at apex. Smaller species (maximum body length: 19.5 mm; maximum pronotum width: 13 mm). Descalvado Municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil .....................................................  Dichotomius (S.) periotoi n. sp. (Fig. 7) </p>
            <p> - Clypeo-frontal horn carinate but not strongly transverse, lacking emargination and tubercles at the apex (Fig. 5 A). Females and smaller individuals unknown. Larger species (maximum body length: 25 mm; maximum pronotum width: 14 mm). Serra da Canastra, Southwest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil ..............................  Dichotomius (S.) manni n. sp. (Fig. 5) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE453AFF830EC8F8AEFA00F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nunes, Rafael V.;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Nunes, Rafael V., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016): New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus. Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4
