identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C30F644544285A9BE6BF5D5642FBE7.text	03C30F644544285A9BE6BF5D5642FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tithaeus Thorell 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tithaeus Thorell, 1891</p>
            <p> Tithaeus Thorell, 1891: 371 , type species by original designation:  Tithaeus laevigatus Thorell, 1891 ; Loman, 1905: 33; Roewer, 1912: 120 (in part); 1923: 79; 1927: 279; 1949: 44; Banks, 1931: 67; Suzuki, 1969a: 24; 1972: 3. </p>
            <p> Sinis Loman, 1892: 12 [junior homonym of  Sinis Heer 1862 (Coleoptera) and of  Sinis Thorell 1878 (Araneae) ].  Sinniculus Loman, 1902: 198 [valid replacement name for  Sinis Loman, 1892 ]. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized epedanids with a low or moderate common eye tubercle removed from the anterior margin of carapace, without a median spine. Few with a slight hump situated between the eye tubercle and the anterior margin, lower than eye tubercle. Scutal region divided into five areas. Palpus relatively short and thickened, its femur and patella each usually provided with a setiferous tubercle medially-distally. Tarsal formula (I–¦IV): 5: more than 5: 5: 6. Distitarsi of first and second tarsus usually with two tarsalia each. Tarsi III– IV with simple and smooth double claws, no scopulae. Distal margin of ventral plate of penis usually with deep cleft, glans with simple membranous lobe to protect the stylus, stylar tip ending with a bifurcate lobe or slightly inflatable. Each lobe of ovipositor usually with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae.</p>
            <p> Distribution. Indo-Malaysian Region: Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, (Roewer 1912, 1923, 1949; Suzuki 1969a, 1969b, 1972, 1985) and China (new record). There is a record from Timor in the Australasian Region, but this is highly doubtful because it does not fit with the known distribution of the genus, otherwise confined to the Indo-Malaysian side of Wallace’s Line (Fig. 3). Timor is a common word in Bahasa Indonesia and applies to many different places. In the absence of further records of  Tithaeus from Australasia, and in view of the notorious cases of mislabelled localities in the Roewer collection (e.g., Helversen &amp; Martens 1972; Kury 2003), it is reasonable to assume a mislabeling by Roewer. On the other hand, significance of the Wallace’s Line and other related lines in the Wallacea is evident for mammals, birds, some reptiles, and freshwater fish. However, biogeographical boundaries between Oriental and Australasia are rather obscure for insects and arachnids in the Wallacea. In  Opiliones there are many representatives that are distributed in both western and eastern part of Indonesia beyond the Wallace’s Line, like laniatorids Dampetrinae, podoctids such as  Ibalonius Karsch, 1880 and epedanids such as  Beloniscus Thorell, 1891 (assuming these taxa do represent monophyletic units). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C30F644544285A9BE6BF5D5642FBE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhu, Wei-Guang Lian Ming-Sheng;Kury, Adriano B.	Zhu, Wei-Guang Lian Ming-Sheng, Kury, Adriano B. (2008): A new species of the genus Tithaeus from China (Arachnida: Laniatores: Epedanidae). Zootaxa 1841: 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183208
03C30F644545285F9BE6BCB3508AFE71.text	03C30F644545285F9BE6BCB3508AFE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tithaeus drac	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tithaeus drac sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1)</p>
            <p>Type material. Female holotype, CHINA: Guangxi Province, Longsheng County, Hongtan village, about 700 m alt., 24°83’N, 110°26’E, 12 Sep. 2005, Gao Chao leg.; 1 male paratype, same details as holotype.</p>
            <p>Additional material. Two females, CHINA: Guangxi Province, Tianlin County, Langping village, about 1125 m alt., 24°29’N, 106°216’E, 27 May, 2006, Ming-Sheng Zhu and Wei-Guang Lian leg. WWF Ecoregion IM0118 (Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests).</p>
            <p> Etymology. Species name refers to the fictitious reptilian species called "  drac " from the 1985 science fiction film "Enemy mine", produced by Twentieth Century Fox and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The shape of the drac's head is strongly reminiscent of the cheliceral bulla of  T. drac sp. nov. . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The new species is similar to  T. similis Suzuki, 1985 , described from northern Thailand (Suzuki, 1985: 78–79, fig 5) in general appearance, but differs distinctly from the latter by the following characters: 1) Female materials with larger body in size, chelicera and palpus strong and completely similar to male; 2) cheliceral bulla of male with notable posterior granulous elevation, absent on  T. similis ; 3) the distal margin of ventral plate of penis has a small shallow cleft compared to the deeper cleft of  T. similis and the setae of the ovipositor are distinctly longer. </p>
            <p>Description. Female (holotype) habitus as in Figs 1 A–B. Coloration: body and appendages entirely dark brown; carapace and eye tubercle with yellow-brown reticulation; lateral margins and opisthosomal areas of scutum, and free tergites banded with black brown; chelicerae and palpus dark brown, with yellow dots above; legs dark brown, with yellow dots on the dorsal surface from trochanter to tibia.</p>
            <p>Dorsal scutum trapezoid in shape; abdomen blunt behind. Eye tubercle broad oval, removed from the anterior border of carapace, without a median spine. Opisthosomal region of scutum with five areas. A row of rounded tubercles along the lateral margins of the scutum. Free tergites each with a transverse row of conical tubercles spread over its entire width.</p>
            <p>Venter. Coxa I armed with two transverse rows of hair-tipped granules, these distinctly larger than the remaining granules scattered on coxae II–IV. Dorsal surface of coxa IV with several slightly larger hair-tipped tubercles. Coxa III with a row of low humps along the frontal and rear margins. Tracheal stigma clearly visible. A transverse row of very small, hair-tipped granules across each free sternite.</p>
            <p>Chelicera (Figs 1 C–E). Proximal segment relatively long, visibly swollen disto-dorsally, with notable posterior granulous elevation. Second segment widened, with two slightly larger tubercles in the middle of the prodorsal surface (Fig. 1 E). Fingers relatively short but strong; inner edges toothed as illustrated (Fig. 2 E)</p>
            <p>Palpus (Figs 1 F–G) short and robust, femur especially so. Trochanter ventrally with a short setiferous tubercle followed transversely by a small hair-tipped tubercle. Femur ventrally with three setiferous tubercles, distally on prolateral side with a short setiferous tubercle as illustrated. Patella medio-distally with a setiferous tubercle. The ventral surface of tibia and tarsus with three prolateral and retrolateral setiferous tubercles respectively arranged as illustrated (Figs 1 F–G). Tarsal claw longer than one half length of tarsus, strongly curved.</p>
            <p>Legs slender and relatively elongated. Femora I–IV straight. All leg segments unarmed, with very short hairs. Tarsi III–IV with simple double claws, no scopulae. Tarsal formula: 5/11/5 /6. Distitarsi of first and second tarsi each with two tarsalia.</p>
            <p>Ovipositor as illustrated (Fig. 1 H). Each lobe with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae.</p>
            <p>Male. Shape, coloration and markings similar to the female, but smaller in size. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 5/ 10/5 /6.</p>
            <p>Penis (Figs 1 I–L). Ventral plate with a moderate cleft in middle of distal margin; setae arranged as shown in Fig. 2 J. Basal sac inflatable, developed immovable and partly sunken into truncus, lacking complex introverting structures, stylus smooth and arising straight from the glans, stylar tip ended sharply and unexpanded, stylar lobe entire and warped upwards surrounding the stylus.</p>
            <p>Measurements: Holotype female (male paratype in parentheses): Body 3.97 (3.89) long, 2.38 (2.38) wide at the widest portion, scutum 3.10 (3.02) long; eye tubercle 0.68 (0.65) long; 0.35 (0.35) wide. Measurements of left palpus and legs as in Table 1.</p>
            <p>Habitat. Collected under humid fallen logs on a hill near village.</p>
            <p>Distribution: Guangxi Province, China.</p>
            <p>TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of palpus and legs of female holotype and male paratype (in parentheses).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C30F644545285F9BE6BCB3508AFE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhu, Wei-Guang Lian Ming-Sheng;Kury, Adriano B.	Zhu, Wei-Guang Lian Ming-Sheng, Kury, Adriano B. (2008): A new species of the genus Tithaeus from China (Arachnida: Laniatores: Epedanidae). Zootaxa 1841: 53-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183208
