taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	description	MycoBank No: MB 838294.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is similar to P. sylvatica J. Schröt. in having spermogonia and aecia on Lactuca, but the teliospores are longer.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Baishan City, Lushuihe, telia on Carex sp., 3 September 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8902, Holotype. CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park, sermogonia and aecia on Lactuca sp., 22 June 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8899, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genera associated with different life-cycle stages.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, surrounded by greenish-yellow lesions, densely grouped, yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 13.5 – 17.5 × 11.0 – 13.5 µm (av. 15.5 × 12.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.5 – 0.7 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Immature uredinia rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly rounded rarely conical and truncate at apices, weakly constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 32.5 – 44.0 × 15.0 – 20.5 µm (av. 36.5 × 18.0 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.6 – 1.0 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, 9.5 – 13.5 µm (av. 11.0 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 18.5 – 28.0 µm (av. 23.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Changchun, spermogonia, and aecia on Lactuca sp., 5 July 2018, HMJAU 8905, 9 June 2017, HMJAU 8908. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on Lactuca sp., 15 June 2019, HMJAU 8900. Jilin Province, Baishan, spermogonia, and aecia on Prenanthes sp., 6 July 2017, HMJAU 8943, 8918. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, spermogonia and aecia on Prenanthes sp., 7 July 2017, HMJAU 8904, 8920. Jilin Province, Jilin, spermogonia and aecia on Prenanthes sp., 29 June 2017, HMJAU 8909. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on Prenanthes sp., 22 June 2017, HMJAU 8898, 2 July 2018, HMJAU 8907. Jilin Province, Baishan, telia on Carex sp., 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8906, 8903, 8921, 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8901, 8915. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, telia on Carex sp., 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8897.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Lactuca sp. (Asteraceae) (A, C); Prenanthes sp. (Asteraceae) (C, D). Telia on Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDAFFCEFF29F854BE08CC63.taxon	discussion	Note: — This species is morphologically similar to P. sylvatica producing spermogonial and aecial stages on several genera of Asteraceae including Lactuca, Seneccio and Taraxacum. However, the teliospore size of this species (32.5 – 44.0 × 15.0 – 20.5 µm) is shorter than that of P. sylvatica (33 – 60 × 16 – 18 µm) (Ito 1950, Gäumann 1959, Wilson & Henderson 1966, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). In the phylogenetic analysis, this species is distant from P. sylvatica. Gäumann (1959) also considered that the spermogonial and aecial host of P. opizii Bubák was Lactuca, based on field observations, however teliospore size of P. opizii (38 – 60 × 15 – 23 µm) is larger than this species (Zhuang et al. 1998). Uredinial and telial stages of this species are also morphologically similar to those of P. karelica Tranzschel, but the spermogonial and aecial host plant of P. karelica is Trientalis (Primulaceae) (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Azbukina 2005, 2015). The aeciospores of this species have typical granules on their surface (Fig. 4) which are different from aeciospores of the autoecious species, P. tatarinovii Kom. & Tranzschel on Prenanthes (Ji et al. 2016), a species that is phylogenetically variable. This may be caused by abundant productions of aeciospores after fertilization on Lactuca and Prenanthes.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFD8FFC9FF29FC7FBC51CB00.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia subepidermal, erumpent, Aecidium-type with peridia and catenulate spores. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose, obovoid or sometimes angular, 14 – 23 × 10 – 16 μm (av. 18 × 13 μm); walls hyaline, 0.6 μm thick, verrucose with big granules. Uredinia subepidermal, pale yellow, erumpent, without paraphyses. Urediniospores pedicellate, obovoid or ellipsoid, 17 – 25 × 13 – 18 μm (av. 21 × 15 μm); walls hyaline, echinulate, 1.6 – 1.2 μm (av. 0.9 μm), germ pores obscure. Telia subepidermal, erumpent, dark brown to black. Teliospores 2 - celled by transverse septa, borne singly on pedicels, clavate to oblong with a round to obtuse apices and attenuate toward bases, constricted at septa, 21 – 45 × 7 – 20 μm (av. 32 × 10 μm); walls dark brown, smooth, 0.9 μm (av. 0.9 μm) thick, thickened at apices.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFD8FFC9FF29FC7FBC51CB00.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Changchun, spermogonia and aecia on Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew., 24 June 2016, HMJAU 8278, 15 June 2015, HMJAU 8205, 11 June 2016, HMJAU 8277. Jilin Province, Jilin, spermogonia and aecia on A. himalaicum, 29 June 2017, HMJAU 8861, 1 July 2018, HMJAU 8863. Jilin Province, Tonghua, spermogonia, and aecia on A. himalaicum, 8 June 2016, HMJAU 8276. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on A. himalaicum, 15 June 2019, HMJAU 8858, 22 June 2017, HMJAU 8860. Jilin Province, Changchun, Uredinia, and telia on Carex onoei Franch. & Sav., 2 July 2016, HMJAU 8274. Jilin Province, Jilin, uredinia and telia on C. onoei, 13 May 2016, HMJAU 8275, 12 September 2017, HMJAU 8859, 12 May 2018, HMJAU 8862.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFD8FFC9FF29FC7FBC51CB00.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Adenocaulon himalaicum (Asteraceae) (A, B, C). Uredinia and telia on Carex onoei (A, B).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFD8FFC9FF29FC7FBC51CB00.taxon	discussion	Note: — The life cycle of this species in China was confirmed by Ji et al. (2017). Morphological characteristics and host relations of this species are similar to those of P. carici-adenocauli Kakish., Yokoi & Harada (Kakishima et al. 1999, Azbukina 2005, 2015). However, P. carici-adenocauli was renamed as P. adenocauli based on Aecidium adenocauli Syd. & P. Syd. according to the International Code of Nomenclature (Melbourne Code 2012) (Ji et al. 2017). Spermogonial and aecial stages of this species on Adenocaulon, which are commonly found on the forest floor of hills and mountains in this area during spring to early summer.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is distinguished from P. pulchella Y. Ono & Kakish. having spermogonial and aecial stages on Viola due to the size of the teliospores, which are larger than those of P. pulchella.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park, telia on Carex sp., 9 September 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8864, Holotype. CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park, spermogonia and aecia on Viola acuminata Ledeb., 22 June 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8865, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genera with different life-cycle stages.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia mostly epiphyllous, surrounded by greenish-yellow lesions, densely grouped, honeyyellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, grouped, pale yellow, cupulate with long peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5 – 17.5 × 12.0 – 15.5 µm (av. 16.0 × 14.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia not found. Telia hypophyllous, black, exposed. Teliospores pedicellate, cylindrical or oblong to clavate, mostly rounded at the apices, moderately constricted at the septa, rounded and attenuate at the bases, 37.5 – 56.0 × 13.5 – 20.5 µm (av. 44.5 × 17.5 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.7 – 1.1 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, thicker and darker at the apices, 4.7 – 11.5 µm (av. 8.5 µm); pedicels persistent, pale yellow or hyaline, 17.5 – 49.5 µm (av. 30.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Baishan, telia on Carex sp., 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8867. Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, telia on Carex sp., 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8868. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, telia on Carex sp., 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8866.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Viola acuminata Ledeb. (Violaceae) (C). Telia on Carex sp. (C, D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDFFFC8FF29FBDFBE5DC88B.taxon	discussion	Note: — Only one species, P. pulchella, alternating between Viola and Carex has been reported (Ono & Kakishima 1981, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). However, teliospore size of this species (37.5 – 56.0 × 13.5 – 20.5 µm) is larger than that of P. pulchella (27 – 47 × 11 – 19 µm). Teliospores of P. caricis-violae are morphologically similar to those of P. caricissadoensis Homma reported in Japan (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). However, because of the lack of a uredinial stage, this species is treated as a new species. Puccinia pulchella Ono & Kakish. (Ono & Kakishima 1981) is an illegitimate later homonym of Puccinia pulchella Peck (1873) under ICN Shenzhen Code Art 53.1 (Turland et al. 2018), therefore, a replacement name for this species is proposed.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is characterized by the relatively small-sized teliospores among species having spermogonia and aecia on Ribes. It is also phylogenetically close to P. caricina DC. on Ribes (sometimes reported as P. caricis Rebent.), but has a distinct lineage from P. caricina.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Baishan City, Lushuihe, telia on Carex dispalata Boott ex A. Gray, 3 September 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8871, Holotype. CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park, spermogonia and aecia on Ribes mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom., 15 June 2019, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8873, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genera associated with different life-cycle stages.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia mostly epiphyllous, surrounded by greenish yellow lesions, densely grouped, honey-yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, grouped, pale yellow, cupulate with long peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5 – 17.5 × 12.0 – 15.5 µm (av. 16.0 × 14.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Immature uredinia rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, black, exposed. Teliospores pedicellate, cylindrical or oblong-clavate, mostly rounded at the apices, moderately constricted at the septa, rounded and attenuate at the bases, 37.5 – 56.0 × 13.5 – 20.5 µm (av. 44.5 × 17.5 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.7 – 1.1 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, thicker and darker at the apices, 4.7 – 11.5 µm (av. 8.5 µm); pedicels persistent, pale yellow or hyaline, 17.5 – 49.5 µm (av. 30.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, telia on Carex dispalata, 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8869, 8872. Jilin Province, North of Changbai Mountain, telia on C. dispalata 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8870. Jilin Province, North of Changbai Mountain, telia on C. latisquarnea Kom., 16 September 2013, HMJAU 8944.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Ribes mandshuricum (Grossulariaceae) (C). Telia on Carex dispalata (D); C. latisquarnea (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDDFFCAFF29FA94BDA6CDD2.taxon	discussion	Note: — Species of Ribes have been reported as the spermogonial and aecial host plant of P. caricina or P. caricis, but species delimitation and host plant range of these species are different according to available references (Arthur 1934, Ito 1950, Gäumann 1959, Wilson & Henderson 1966, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Zhuang et al. 1998, Azbukina 2005, 2015, Termorshuizen & Swertz 2011). Their morphology and host plants are quite variable and therefore, should be taxonomically reconsidered. Puccinia caricis-ribcola is described as an independent species to avoid taxonomic confusion from P. caricina or P. caricis. Puccinia pringhsheimiana Kleb. (= P. caricina) has been reported from northern Asia as a species having spermogonia and aecia on Ribes (Ito 1950, Gäumann 1959), but its teliospore size is longer than that of this species. Teliospores of this species are also morphologically similar to P. yokotensis Miura reported from Japan and Russian Far East (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Azbukina 2005, 2015), but its teliospore size is slightly shorter than that of this species.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is characterized by the small size of teliospores with short pedicels which is distinguished from P. aomoriensis Syd. & P. Syd. host-alternating between Carex and Atractylodes.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe, telia on Carex lanceolata Boott, 11 September 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8888, Holotype. CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe, spermogonia and aecia on Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., 1 July 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8890, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after the host plant genera of the different stages.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, surrounded by greenish-yellow lesions, densely grouped, honeyyellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 12.0 – 17.0 × 9.0 – 12.0 µm (av. 14.0 × 10.5 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Immature uredinia rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, truncate, rounded or conical at apices, middle or weakly constricted at the septa, rounded or attenuate at the bases, 34.0 – 51.0 × 17.5 – 23.5 µm (av. 43.5 × 19.5 µm); walls pale brown, 0.5 – 1.9 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, 8.7 – 14.5 µm (av. 12.5 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 22.0 – 37.0 µm (av. 29.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Jilin, spermogonia and aecia on Atractylodes macrocephala, 16 June 2019, HMJAU 8887, 8896. Jilin Province, Tumen, spermogonia and aecia on A. macrocephala, 28 June 2016, HMJAU 8329. Jilin Province, Jilin, telia on Carex lanceolata, 11 September 2017, HMJAU 8889. Jilin Province, Jilin, telia on Carex sp., 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8913.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Atractylodes macrocephala (Asteraceae) (B, F). Telia on Carex lanceolata (B); Carex sp. (B).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFDCFFD5FF29FCEFBAB6CB1F.taxon	discussion	Note: — Only one species, P. aomoriensis, has been reported from China, Japan, Russian Far East and Korea as a species host-alternating between Atractylodes and Carex (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka 1960, Harada 1984, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Zhuang et al. 1998, Azbukina 2005, 2015). However, teliospore size of P. caricis - atractylodes (34.0 – 51.0 × 17.5 – 23.5 µm) are smaller (35 – 58 × 17 – 27 µm), and teliospores pedicels are shorter than those of P. aomoriensis.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC3FFD5FF29FBABBC6CC8E2.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, surrounded by greenish-yellow lesions, densely grouped, honey-yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 15.5 – 18.0 × 13.0 – 17.5 µm (av. 17.0 × 14.5 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Immature uredinia is rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, truncate, rounded or conical at apices, middle or weakly constricted at the septa, rounded or attenuate at the bases, 36.0 – 53.0 × 15.0 – 19.5 µm (av. 43.5 × 17.5 µm); walls pale brown, 0.6 – 1.2 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, 6.6 – 13.5 µm (av. 10.0 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 14.0 – 30.0 µm (av. 22.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC3FFD5FF29FBABBC6CC8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, spermogonia and aecia on Saussurea sp., 7 July 2017, HMJAU 8891, 8892. Jilin Province, Yanbain City, Erdaobaihe, telia on Carex sp., 29 July 2015, HMJAU 8893.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC3FFD5FF29FBABBC6CC8E2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Saussurea sp. (Asteraceae) (D). Telia on Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC3FFD5FF29FBABBC6CC8E2.taxon	discussion	Note: — Three species, P. ohsawaensis Kakish., P. rupestris Juel and P. vaginatae Juel, have been reported as heteroecious species alternating between Sausurrea and Carex (Juel 1893, Jørstad 1954, Kakishima & Sato 1980, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). Among them, specimens of this clade are morphologically identical with descriptions of P. vaginatae by Juel (1893) and Jørstad (1954). This species is morphologically similar to P. rupestris, but different in the presence of spermogonia and the number of urediniospore germ pores. Teliospore size of P. ohsawaensis is larger than that of P. vaginatae (Kakishima & Sato 1980). Puccinia vaginatae is also morphologically similar and phylogenetically close to P. caricis-atractylodis. However, this species has a distinct phylogenetic lineage (Fig. 3) and its spermogonial and aecial host is different from that of P. caricis-atractylodes. Although Zhuang et al. (1998) reported this species as a doubtful species in China, we confirm its occurrence in China.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is morphologically similar to P. caricis-atractylodis and P. vaginatae, but phylogenetically separated from these species.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Cangxian, telia on Carex sp., 17 November. 2018, J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8895, Holotype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genus of the telial stages, and the locality of collection, Hebei Province.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia not found. Telia hypophyllous, compact, black, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly conical and rounded at apices, weakly constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 34.0 – 51.0 × 17.0 – 21.0 µm (av. 43.0 × 19.5 µm); walls brown, 0.6 – 1.4 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 5.4 – 8.6 µm (av. 6.9 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 19.5 – 48.0 µm (av. 32.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from CHINA: — Hebei Province, Cangzhou, telia on Carex sp., 12 May 2019, HMJAU 8894.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in China: — Telia on Carex sp. (Hebei Province).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC2FFD6FF29F9B4BFFBCE96.taxon	discussion	Note: — Two specimens of the telial stage are included in this clade and they are morphologically similar and phylogenetically close to P. caricis-atractylodis and P. vaginatae. However, they are clearly separated from clades of these species (Fig. 3), and are also slightly different in the shape and size of the teliospores, being slightly shorter and wider.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD6FF29FE53BFE6CAA2.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, surrounded by greenish yellow lesions, densely grouped, honey-yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 10.5 – 14.5 × 9.5 – 12.5 µm (av. 12.5 × 11.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.3 – 0.6 µm (av. = 0.4 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia rarely found. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, rounded or conical at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 29.5 – 41.0 × 13.0 – 19.0 µm (av. 35.5 × 15.5 µm); walls pale brown, 0.6 – 0.9 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, darker at the apex 4.0 – 11.8 µm (av. 7.2 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 10.5 – 25.0 µm (av. 17.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD6FF29FE53BFE6CAA2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on Circaea sp., 2 July 2018, HMJAU 8856. Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8857.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD6FF29FE53BFE6CAA2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Circaea sp. (Onagaraceae) (C). Uredinia and telia on Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD6FF29FE53BFE6CAA2.taxon	discussion	Note: — Three species, P. circaeae-caricis Hasler, P. caricis-circaearum Y. Harada and P. kawakamiensis Kakish. were reported as species having heteroecious life cycle on Circaea and Carex (Gäumann 1959, Harada 1977, Kakishima & Sato 1983, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Azbukina 2005, 2015). The morphological characteristics of the above three species are similar to each other, but different in the positions of urediniospore germ pores. Uredinia are very rare in the specimen on Carex in this clade and the urediniospore germ pores are unclear. However, morphological characteristics of spermogonial, aecial, and telial stages are identical with the descriptions of P. circaeae-caricis by Hasler (1930) and Gäumann (1959), athough the shape and size of aeciospores and teliospores are slightly different among the three species (Kakishima & Sato 1983) and the aeciospores and teliospores are small. This species is phylogenetically close to P. caricis-atractylodis and P. vaginatae, but distinct from them. Hylander et al. (1953) and Azbukina (2005) treated this species as a variety of P. caricina, but this species is phylogenetically far from P. caricina (= P. caricis) (Fig. 3) and, therefore, this species should be treated as an independent species. This is the first record of this species in China.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is characterized by the smallest teliospores among species having spermogonial and aecial stages on Artemisia.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, telia on Carex neurocarpa Maxim., 2 September 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8874, Holotype. CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe, spermogonia and aecia on Artemisia sp., 1 July 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8883, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genera associated with different stages.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, obscure, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 15.0 – 18.0 × 13.5 – 16.5 µm (av. 16.5 × 15. 0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.5 – 0.9 µm (av. = 0.7 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown to dark brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose, subglobose or obovoid, 20.0 – 26.0 × 14.5 – 19.0 µm (av. 22.0 × 17.0 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.1 – 1.6 µm (av. 1.3 µm), germ pores 3, equatorial. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly conical at apices, constricted at the septum, attenuate at the base, 40.0 – 51.0 × 16.0 – 20.0 µm (av. 47.0 × 17.5 µm); walls brown, 0.7 – 1.4 µm (av. 1.0 µm) thick at sides, 7.1 – 12.6 µm (av. 9.9 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 22.5 – 57.0 µm (av. 37.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex neurocarpa, 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8878, 8886. Jilin Province, Baishan, uredinia, and telia on C. neurocarpa, 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8875. Jilin Province, Jilin, uredinia, and telia on C. neurocarpa, 4 September 2018, HMJAU 8876. Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia, and telia on C. neurocarpa, 31 August 2018, HMJAU 8880, 1 October 2018, HMJAU 8881. Jilin Province, Yanji, uredinia, and telia on C. neurocarpa, 23 September 2014, HMJAU 8882. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. neurocarpa, 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8884. Jilin Province, Tumen, uredinia and telia on C. neurocarpa, 28 June 2019, HMJAU 8885. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, uredinia and telia on C. neurocarpa, 2 July 2018, HMJAU 8877, 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8879. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8934.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae) (B). Uredinia and telia on Carex neurocarpa (A, B, C, D, F); Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC0FFD0FF29FA3FBA30CC46.taxon	discussion	Note: — Four species, P. atrofusa (Dudl. & Thom.) Holw., P. caricis-macrocephalae Dietel, P. caricis-stipatae Y. Harada and P. dioicae var. micropuncta Y. Ono, have been reported as heteroecious species alternating between Artemisia and Carex (Ono 1983, Harada 1986, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Zhuang et al. 1998, Azbukina 2005, 2015). However, morphological characteristics of the specimens in this clade are different from these species, especially in the shape and size of teliospores and the number of urediniospore germ pores. The specimens are phylogenetically close to P. caricis-stipatae and P. dioicae var. micropuncta, but have a distinct linage from these species (Fig. 3) and are, therefore, described as a new species. This species has the smallest teliospores (40.0 – 51.0 × 16.0 – 20.0 µm) compared to the other four taxa (P. atrofusa: 38 – 63 × 15 – 23 µm, P. caricis-macrocephalae: 48 – 90 × 18 – 27 µm, P. caricisstipatae: 48 – 65 × 15 – 21 µm, P. dioicae var. micropuncta: 35 – 60 × 13 – 22 µm). This species has three urediniospore germ pores, while other species have two or four germ pores. Many species having spermogonial and aecial stages on genera of Asteraceae were treated as P. dioicae Magnus or P. extensicola Plowr. (Arthur 1934, Hylander et al. 1953, Wilson & Henderson 1966), however, reconsideration of these taxonomic treatments is required. This species is widely distributed in the area studied, although spermogonial and aecial stages are only found in one location.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD0FF29FC83BFCEC9C3.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia and aecia not found. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown to dark brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose, subglobose or obovoid, 22.0 – 32.0 × 19.6 – 25.5 µm (av. 27.0 × 22.5 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.1 – 1.6 µm (av. 1.3 µm), germ pores 2 – 3. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly truncate or rounded at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 42.0 – 56.5 × 15.5 – 21.0 µm (av. 8.5 × 19.0 µm); walls brown, 0.8 – 1.0 µm (av. = 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 7.5 – 13.0 µm (av. 9.5 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 12.5 – 29.5 µm (av. 19.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD0FF29FC83BFCEC9C3.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, uredinia and telia on Carex planiculmis Kom., 16 July 2016, HMJAU 8825, 2 July 2018, HMJAU 8831. Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia, and telia on C. planiculmis, 11 September 2014, HMJAU 8827. Jilin Province, Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. planiculmis, 29 July 2015, HMJAU 8834, 8830. Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. planiculmis, 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8828, 8945. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. planiculmis, 2 Septmber 2018, HMJAU 8829. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 23 September 2015, HMJAU 8826, 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8832. Jilin Province, Baishan, uredinia, and telia on Carex sp., 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8936.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD0FF29FC83BFCEC9C3.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Uredinia and telia on Carex planiculmis (A, C, D); Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD0FF29FC83BFCEC9C3.taxon	discussion	Note: — This clade is considered as a single independent species because specimens are clustered together in the phylogenetic analysis. The morphological characteristics of the uredinial and telial stages are in agreement with descriptions of P. caricis-amblyolepis by Ito (1950) and Zhuang et al. (1998). Although spermogonial and aecial stages were not found they are suspected to be produced on Urtica because phylogenetically close species have these stages on Urtica.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is characterized by having only telial stage morphologically similar to P. caricis-amblyolepis, but phylogenetically separated.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Changchun, Jingyue Forest Park, telia on Carex pediformis C. A. Mey., 20 May 2016, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8836, Holotype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant on which telia are formed.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia not found. Telia hypophyllous, compact, blackish brown, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, truncate and rounded at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 38.0 – 53.5 × 17.5 – 22.5 µm (av. 40.5 × 17.5 µm); walls brown, 0.8 – 1.0 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 7.5 – 12.0 µm (av. 9.5 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 9.0 – 16.0 µm (av. 12.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, telia on Carex pediformis, 6 June 2016, HMJAU 8835.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Telia on Carex pediformis (A, D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC6FFD2FF29F91FBB94CE23.taxon	discussion	Note: — Two specimens on C. pediformis are phylogenetically close to P. caricis-amblyolepis and P. caricistenuiformis, but are clearly separated from these species because they have a distinct linage (Fig. 3) and are, therefore, treated as an independent species. Teliospores are morphologically similar to P. caricis-amblyolepis, but no uredinial stage has been found; spermogonial and aecial stages are suspected to be produced on Urtica.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is characterized by having morphologically similar telial stage to P. caricis-pediformis, but shape and size of teliospores are different and the species are also phylogenetically separated.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin, Jiaohe, Telia on Carex sp., 12 September 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8851, Holotype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genus and slender-shaped teliospores.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia, aecia and uredinia not found. Telia hypophyllous, compact, black, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly truncate at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 44.5 – 62.0 × 12.0 – 16.0 µm (av. 50.5 × 14.5 µm); walls brown, 0.5 – 1.1 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, 9.8 – 13.7 µm (av. 11.4 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 8.0 – 18.5 µm (av. 13.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Jiaohe, telia on Carex sp., 29 September 2016, HMJAU 8850, 21 September 2015, HMJAU 8853, 2 May 2018, HMJAU 8852. Jilin Province, Tonghua, telia on Carex sp., 2 October 2015, HMJAU 8248. Jilin Province, North of Changbai Mountain, telia on Carex sp., 21 September 2015, HMJAU 8854.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Telia on Carex sp. (B, D, G).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFD2FF29FEBFBA11CB83.taxon	discussion	Note: — This clade is phylogenetically close to P. caricis-amblyolepis and P. caricis-pediformis, but clearly separated from these species, forming a distinct linage (Fig. 3) and, therefore, treated as an independent species. This species produces only telial stages morphologically similar to P. caricis-pediformis, but its teliospores are slightly longer and narrower. Teliospores of this species are also morphologically similar to those of P. caricis-maximowiczii Homma reported from Japan, but P. caricis-maximowiczii has two types of teliospores and also has a uredinial stage (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). Spermogonial and aecial stages are suspected to be produced on Urtica.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFDDFF29F902BBF1CB41.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia and aecia not found. Uredinia rarely found. Urediniospores 20.5 – 25.0 × 17.5 – 21.5 µm (av. 23.0 × 19.5 µm); walls, 1.4 – 2.2 µm (av. 1.7 µm). Telia amphigenous, compact, black, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly conical or rounded at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 41.0 – 55.5 × 15.0 – 20.0 µm (49.5 × 17.5 µm); walls brown, 0.6 – 1.3 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 6.0 – 10.7 µm (av. 8.3 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline, 20.5 – 49.5 µm (av. 30.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFDDFF29F902BBF1CB41.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8808, 8809.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFDDFF29F902BBF1CB41.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Uredinia and telia on Carex sp. (D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC4FFDDFF29F902BBF1CB41.taxon	discussion	Note: — The two cited specimens on Carex are phylogenetically clustered together with P. urticata, although no spermogonial and aecial specimen on Urtica has been collected. The telial stage is morphologically similar to the descriptions of this species by Kern (1917) and Termorshuizen & Swertz (2011), although the teliospores are slightly smaller. Because only a few specimens have been collected the distribution of this species is suspected to be limited to the study area. Puccinia urticata has been treated as P. caricis or P. caricina (Arthur 1934, Hylander et al. 1953, Wilson & Henderson 1966, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Zhuang et al. 1998, Azbukina 2005, 2015). However, species delimitation of these species, including morphology and host range, are variable among taxonomists. These species are suspected to be a species complex, requiring further study, but here treated as a distinct species, P. urticata.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCBFFDEFF29FB98BCFDCEFA.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, grouped, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5 – 19.0 × 11.5 – 14.0 µm (av. 16.5 × 12.5 µm); walls hyaline, 0.8 – 1.0 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose or subglobose, 21.0 – 23.5 × 18.0 – 21.5 µm (av. 22.5 × 20.0 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.4 – 2.2 µm (av. 1.7 µm), germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, compact, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, rounded, conical or truncate at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 44.0 – 59.5 × 15.0 – 19.0 µm (av. 52.5 × 17.0 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.6 – 1.1 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 7.0 – 11.5 µm (av. 10.0 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 10.0 – 17.0 µm (av. 13.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCBFFDEFF29FB98BCFDCEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Changchun, spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifolia Fisch. ex Hornem., 9 June 2017, HMJAU 8818, 17 June 2019, HMJAU 8817. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, spermogonia and aecia on U. angustifolia, 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8819. Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia and telia on Carex kirganica Kom., 10 July 2015, HMJAU 8946, 16 September 2017, HMJAU 8816, 4 September 2016, HMJAU 8810, 16 September 2017, HMJAU 8811, 10 August 2017, HMJAU 8813, 10 July 2015, HMJAU 8814. Jilin Province, North of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. kirganica, 27 August 2016, HMJAU 8822. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, uredinia and telia on C. rhynchophysa C. A. Mey., 7 July 2016, HMJAU 8821. Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 12 August 2009, HMJAU 8947, 5 July 2018, HMJAU 8812, 1 October 2018, HMJAU 8815. Jilin Province, North of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 22 September 2015, HMJAU 8820. Jilin Province, South of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8824. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, uredinia, and telia on Carex sp., 10 September 2017, HMJAU 8823.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCBFFDEFF29FB98BCFDCEFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifoli a (Urticaceae) (A, D). Uredinia and telia on Carex kirganica (A, D); Carex rhynchophysa (C).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCBFFDEFF29FB98BCFDCEFA.taxon	discussion	Note: — Many specimens collected in the study area are included in this distinct clade, phylogenetically separated from the clade of P. urticata and included in P. urticae-inflatae. Specimens in this clade, including different stages, are also morphologically in agreement with the description of P. urticae-inflatae by Gäumann (1959) and, therefore, this clade is identified as this species. It is morphologically similar to P. urticata and has been treated as its synonym (Termorshuizen & Swertz 2011) or as a synonym of P. caricina (Wilson & Henderson 1966). However, this species should be treated as independent, because of the phylogenetic difference from these species. It is suspected to be adapted to the natural environmental conditions of the study area and has a heteroecious life cycle host-alternating between Urtica and Carex. This is the first record of this species in China.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFDEFF29FDC7BD9CC932.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, grouped, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 15.0 – 18.0 × 13.0 – 16.5 µm (av. 16.0 × 14.5 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4 – 1.0 µm (av. 0.7 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big glanules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown, covered by epidermis but erumpent after maturation. Urediniospores globose or subglobose, 19.5 – 26.5 × 16.5 – 20.5 µm (av. 23.5 × 18.5 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.0 – 1.9 µm (av. 1.3 µm), germ pores 2, equatorial, obscure. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, compact, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores clavate, ellipsoid, mostly truncate at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 36.5 – 48.0 × 13.5 – 18.5 µm (av. 42.5 × 16.0 µm); walls chestnutbrown, 0.5 – 0.9 µm (av. 0.7 µm) thick at sides, 7.6 – 11.2 µm (av. 9.3 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 26.5 – 41.0 µm (av. 34.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFDEFF29FDC7BD9CC932.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifolia Fisch. ex Hornem., 22 June 2017, HMJAU 8800. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia, and aecia on Urtica sp., 15 June 2019, HMJAU 8801. Jilin Province, Jilin, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 12 September 2017, HMJAU 8799, 8803, 29 June 2017, HMJAU 8807, 4 September 2018, HMJAU 8805. Jilin Province, Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 2 September 2018, HMJAU 8804. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 30 September 2016, HMJAU 8802, 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8806.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFDEFF29FDC7BD9CC932.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifoli a (Urticaceae) (C); Urtica sp. (Urticaceae) (C). Uredinia and telia on Carex sp. (B, C, D).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFDEFF29FDC7BD9CC932.taxon	discussion	Note: — This clade is phylogenetically separated from species having spermogonial and aecial stages on Urtica (P. urticata, P. urticae-inflatae, P. caricis-rafaensis, and P. caricis-jilinensis) and forms a distinct lineage from them, although close to the clade containing P. caricis-rafaensis. Uredinial and telial specimens of this clade are morphologically closely in agreement with the descriptions of P. moiwensis by Ito (1950), Hiratsuka et al. (1992), Zhuang et al. (1998) and Azbukina (2005, 2015). Although this species has been reported widely from northeastern Asia its spermogonial and aecial stages were previously unknown. Therefore, this report constitutes the first record of these stages producing on Urtica for the species.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is morphologically similar and phylogenetically close to P. moiwensis, but has distinct lineage, and also has a more round-shape of urediniospores and smaller teliospores.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, Changchun, Jingyue Forest Park, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 1 October 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8798, Holotype. CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin, Lafa Mountain, Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica laetevirens Maxim., 30 July 2015, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8530, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after uredinial and telial host genera and locality name, Lafa, where the spermogonial and aecial stages were collected.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, grouped, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 12.5 – 17.0 × 12.5 – 15.5 µm (av. 15.0 × 14.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.7 – 1.1 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big glanules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, deep reddish-brown to blackish brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose or subglobose, 21.5 – 24.5 × 19.0 – 24.0 µm (av. 23.0 × 21.5 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.2 – 1.9 µm (av. 1.5 µm), germ pores 2, equatorial; pedicels sometimes persistent. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, compact, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, mostly rounded at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 33.5 – 43.0 × 13.5 – 17.5 µm (av. 39.0 × 16.0 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.6 – 1.0 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, 7.0 – 12.0 µm (av. 10.0 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 10.0 – 24.0 µm (av. 17.0 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia and telia on Carex sp., 16 September 2017, HMJAU 8796, 8914, 1 October 2018, HMJAU 8797.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica laetevirens (Urticaceae) (B). Uredinia and telia on Carex sp. (A).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFC8FFD8FF29F98FBA7FCEDF.taxon	discussion	Note: — This species is phylogenetically close to P. moiwensis, but morphologically different in the shape of the urediniospores, the size of the teliospores, and the structure of the uredinia. Uredinial sori of this species are opened soon after maturation, but those of P. moiwensis are covered by the host epidermis. Pedicels attached to the urediniospores are long and persistent in this species, but those of P. moiwensis are deciduous. This species is suspected to have a heteroecious life cycle, alternating between Urtica and Carex in limited localities in the study area.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This species is phylogenetically close to P. moiwensis and P. caricis-rafaensis having spermogonial and aecial stages on Urtica, but has a distinct lineage from them. Teliospores are also smaller, especially in width.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: — CHINA, Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on Carex siderosticta Hance, 1 September 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8842, Holotype. CHINA, Jilin Province, Jilin, Jiaohe, spermogonia and aecia on Urtica laetevirens Maxim., 1 July 2018, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8846, Epitype.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after host plant genus of uredinial and telial stages, and locality of collection, Jilin Province.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	description	Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, grouped, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia is mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, pale yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5 – 16.5 × 12.5 – 14.0 µm (av. 15.5 × 13.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.5 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.7 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose or subglobose, 21.5 – 24.5 × 19.0 – 24.0 µm (av. 23.0 × 21.5 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 0.5 – 0.8 µm (av. 0.7 µm), germ pores 2 – 3. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, compact, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, rounded, mostly conical at apices, moderately constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 33.5 – 42.0 × 10.0 – 13.0 µm (av. 37.5 × 11.5 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.5 – 0.9 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick at sides, 6.6 – 9.9 µm (av. 7.8 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 13.0 – 29.0 µm (av. 18.5 µm) long.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Jilin, spermogonia, and aecia on Urtica laetevirens, 29 June 2017, HMJAU 8845. Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang, spermogonia and aecia on U. laetevirens, 2 June 2018, HMJAU 8847. Jilin Province, Tonghua, uredinia, and telia on Carex siderosticta, 2 October 2015, HMJAU 8837, 3 October 2015, HMJAU 8840. Jilin Province, Jilin, uredinia, and telia on C. siderosticta, 12 September 2017, HMJAU 8838, 8848. Jilin Province, Changchun, uredinia, and telia on C. siderosticta, 5 July 2018, HMJAU 8839. Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain, uredinia and telia on C. siderosticta, 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8844. Jilin Province, Baishan, uredinia, and telia on C. siderosticta, 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8843. Heilongjiang, Wuchang, uredinia and telia on C. siderosticta, 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8841, 6 June 2016, HMJAU 8849.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA (Fig. 1): — Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica laetevirens (Urticaceae) (B, C). Uredinia and telia on Carex siderosticta (A, B, C, D, G).	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
03C38793FFCEFFD8FF29FDEBBBA8C8E2.taxon	discussion	Note: — Carex siderosticta is a common species in the study area. Five species, P. caricis-siderostictae Dietel, P. hyalina Dietel, P. mandshurica Miura, P. miyakei Syd. & P. Syd. and P. taganesuge Miura, have been reported to produce uredinia and telia on C. siderosticta (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992, Ono 1995, Zhuang et al. 1998, Azbukina 2005, 2015). Among them, specimens of this clade are morphologically similar to those of P. miyakei and P. mandshurica reported from northern Asia in the shape and size of the urediniospores and teliospores. However, spermogonial and aecial stages of P. miyakei have been reported as being produced on Alangium (Ono 1995), and the urediniospores of P. mandshurica have a verrucose surface (Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). This clade is also phylogenetically separated from that of other species having spermogonial and aecial stages on Urtica (P. urticata, P. urticae-inflatae, P. moiwensis, and P. caricis-rafaensis) and is, therefore, treated as a distinct species. The wide distribution of this species in the study area is suspected because many specimens have been collected in various places.	en	Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu, Kakishima, Makoto (2022): Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China. Phytotaxa 542 (3): 221-255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1
