taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C21B4EFFCCFFD1FEB6FEA9FC3FFA04.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South India, Sri Lanka.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCCFFD1FEB6FEA9FC3FFA04.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.8 to 5.2 mm, width 1.9 to 3.6 mm, ovoid, convex, narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 15). Colour non metallic, reddish or yellowish, sometimes with dark stripes or spots. Head (Fig. 1) hypognathous, partially withdrawn into prothorax, moderately flat in lateral view. Vertex moderately flat. Frons and vertex form nearly straight or slightly convex line in lateral view. Supraorbital pore well developed, circular, not surrounded by shallow groove. Antennal calli well developed, shining, impunctate, raised, oblique to transverse, curved, both ends narrowed, anterior ends triangular and entering into interantennal space. Antennal calli sharply delineated from vertex; separated from each other by a longitudinal midfrontal depression (midfrontal longitudinal depression very narrow in P. vaishakha). Midfrontal sulcus vary (absent in P. sindhoori and P. semifasciata though antennal calli are separated by midfrontal longitudinal depression; traces of midfrontal sulcus present in midfrontal depression in P. jacobyi; extremely short in P. vaishakha). Orbital sulcus distinct. Supracallinal sulcus present, not deep. Supraorbital sulcus absent. Suprafrontal sulci vary (absent in P. sindhoori, ill defined in P. jacobyi, P. semifasciata and P. vaishakha). Supraantennal sulcus distinct. Subgenal suture distinct above base of mandible. Distance between eye and adjacent antennal socket subequal to transverse diameter of a socket or slightly less; distance between antennal sockets 1.5 to 4.7 times diameter of a socket, less than transverse diameter of one eye. Eyes moderately large, lateral, separated by a distance of 1.6 – 2.3 times transverse diameter of one eye. Inner margin of eyes subparallel. Frontal ridge wide, flat, widening anteriorly. Frontal ridge elevated laterally forming a shallow antennal groove below eye. Length of frontal ridge from lower edge of antennal socket to clypeus less than width of frontal ridge anteriorly. Anterofrontal ridge lower than frontal ridge, flat. Frontoclypeal suture with four long setae. Labrum wider than long, slightly emarginate anteriorly, with a transverse row of four setiferous punctures. Distance between middle pair of setiferous punctures on labrum slightly more than distance between outermost puncture and nearest one. Mandible palmate bearing four teeth. Maxillary palpus with preapical palpomere shorter than apical. Apical palpomere pointed, slightly shorter than second. Palpomeres not incrassate. Antennae extend slightly beyond humerus, not reaching middle of elytron. First antennomere club shaped, as long as next two combined; second slightly thicker than third; last six antennomeres thickened, thickly adorned with short hairs. Pronotum transverse, 1.6 – 1.8 times wider than long, with poorly developed antebasal transverse impression delimited on either end by curved longitudinal impression (antebasal impression very poorly developed and indicated only by very faint longitudinal impressions on either side in P. sindhoori). Pronotum proximally narrower than distally. Anterolateral callosity well developed, moderately long, convex, proximally higher than distally; pore well developed, situated at upper posterior face of callosity, seta long. Posterolateral callosity well developed, short, not longer than width of lateral margin, protruding, seta long but shorter than that on anterolateral callosity. Lateral margin proximally wider than distally. Posterior margin of pronotum weakly bisinuate. Scutellum well developed, triangular with rounded apex. Procoxal cavity closed behind (narrowly open in P. sindhoori). Distance between proximal part of prosternum to end of intercoxal prosternal process vary (1.0 – 1.3 times width of prosternal intercoxal process in the Indian species while the same is 1.6 times in P. semifasciata). Distance between proximal part of prosternum to coxal cavity 4 – 10 times shorter than to end of intercoxal prosternal process. Intercoxal prosternal process slightly widened and truncate posteriorly. Mesosternal intercoxal process shorter and as wide as or wider than prosternal intercoxal process, its length subequal to or less than half of its width, width subequal to transverse diameter of mesocoxal cavity, emarginate posteriorly. Metasternum nearly two times as long as prosternum in the Indian species while it is slightly shorter than prosternum in P. semifasciata. Elytra as wide as prothorax at base, widening at humerus, lateral sides moderately convex, distinctly narrowed posteriorly. Apical margin convex, apex obtusely angulate. Elytral punctures small, arranged in striae. Epipleuron horizontal to oblique, moderately wide, width of widest portion being slightly less than or subequal to width of midfemur. Epipleuron reaching beyond 4 / 5 th of elytron. All coxae with a triangular, flat, acutely pointed, posteriorly directed denticle in front of and reaching trochanter. Pro­ and mesotibia widened from proximal end to distal end, apex being nearly two times as wide as base. Forelegs with basitarsomere longer than second tarsomere; second tarsomere narrower than third and first; claw tarsomere two times longer than third tarsomere. Dorsal surface of pro­ and mesotibia flat except near proximal end; apex with a row of strong bristles on either side dorsally. Metafemur incrassate. Metatibia subequal to metafemur in length, apically widened. Dorsal surface of metatibia flat or slightly concave. Mesal edge of dorsal surface of metatibia higher than lateral edge. In lateral view metatibia gradually widening from proximal end to about 5 / 6 th distally and again narrowing to distal end; a row of strong bristles present on either margin of dorsal side from widest point to apex (Fig. 2). Metatibial spur situated in middle at apex, sharp, dorso­laterally directed, shorter than or equal to tarsal claw. Metabasitarsus slightly longer than next two tarsomeres combined, narrower basally than apically; apically not wider than third metatarsomere; third bilobed; fourth subequal to twice the length of third. Claws appendiculate with a deep incision between the base of claw and appendix. In repose, metatibia received over a longitudinal ridge along mesal side of metafemur. Edge of this ridge distinctly serrulate in proximal half in male (Fig. 34). Serrulation absent in female (Fig. 35). Last abdominal sternite with an internal folding at posterior margin. Median lobe of aedeagus simple tube, convex in lateral view, without transparent window. Tegmen Yshaped. Spermatheca with well developed pump, receptacle and duct. Duct without coils, making loop away from receptacle. Vaginal palpi elongate, fused before middle, apex transparent with long setae. Tignum elongate, with internal channel, posterior membranous region well developed with a few short setae. Sexual dimorphism. All basitarsomeres slightly widened in male than in female. Longitudinal ridge along mesal side of metafemur is serrulate in male while smooth in female. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite of male is bisinuate or nearly so with a distinct lobe in middle which is evident in macerated specimens (Figs. 4, 16, 26). In P. sindhoori this is less evident. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite is entire in female. Internal folding of last abdominal sternite is bisinuate in male while it is simple and curved in female. Serrulation on mesal side of metafemur in male was a convenient character for sexing adults. Host plants. Adults of the three Indian species feed on the leaves of ferns. It is quite likely that trophic selections of Phaelota is restricted to ferns like that of Schenklingia Heikertinger and Csiki.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCCFFD1FEB6FEA9FC3FFA04.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Acrocrypta Baly, Chabria Jacoby, Phaelota and Schenklingia form a homogeneous group of genera that resemble each other. Acrocrypta can be separated from Phaelota by confused elytral punctures (elytral punctures form striae in Phaelota) and narrow prosternal intercoxal process (wide in Phaelota). Chabria can be separated by open procoxal cavities (closed in Phaelota) and confused elytral punctures (punctures form striae in Phaelota). Phaelota can be differentiated from Schenklingia, another fern feeding genus, by the first antennomere which is as long as the next two antennomeres combined (in Schenklingia, the first antennomere is as long as the next three segments combined) and the closed procoxal cavities (open in Schenklingia). Neither Jacoby (1887) nor subsequent workers recognized the presence of antebasal transverse impression on the pronotum of Phaelota. Discovery of Phaelota in south India provides further credence to the close affinity of south Indian fauna to that of Sri Lanka.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCEFFD5FEB6FA46FC25FC1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India (Kerala) Host plants. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) (Polypodiaceae)	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCEFFD5FEB6FA46FC25FC1C.taxon	description	Description. General colour shining yellowish brown. Each elytron with four black spots: one on humerus, three along middle arranged in line (Fig. 3). Basal six antennomeres translucent yellowish brown or slightly darker, rest five black. Apex of last antennomere slightly yellowish. All tibiae distally darker than proximally. All tarsi dark brown to piceous. Frons and vertex form slightly convex line in lateral view. Vertex shining, moderately convex, distinctly punctate with a mixture of fine to moderate sized punctures. Antennal calli oblique, longer than wide, narrowly raised along middle, margin with vertex as well as margin with antennal socket much lower than middle region. Midfrontal longitudinal depression does not pass beyond lower margin of antennal socket. Frontal ridge shiny, extremely minutely punctate with a very fine, sharp, indistinct carina along middle, either side of this carina being slightly depressed (Fig. 1). Maxillary palpus with apical palpomere two times as long as preapical. Third antennomere distinctly longer than second, fourth subequal to or shorter than third; fifth slightly but distinctly longer than fourth; sixth slightly longer than half of fifth; seventh subequal to fifth in length; eighth smaller than seventh and ninth separately; tenth nearly as long as wide, shorter or subequal to ninth; eleventh two times as long as tenth. Thickness and length of distal antennomeres vary. Pronotum proximally distinctly narrower than distally. Lateral margins weakly curved. Anterolateral callosity moderately high, forming sharp obtuse denticle at pore. Disc shiny, covered with a mixture of variously sized punctures. Punctation sparse on lateral sides. Antebasal transverse impression distinct on either ends, indistinct in middle, punctate throughout. Scutellum shiny, extremely minutely punctate, apex narrowly rounded, slightly longer than broad. Elytron with well developed humeral callus, with depression posteriorly, maximum width at anterior 1 / 4. Disc shiny, punctures bold and interstices slightly convex in proximal region. Punctures turn indistinct posteriorly. Interstices with a mixture of small to minute punctures. Width of interstices in anterior half vary from two to four times diameter of a puncture. Epipleuron oblique, not reaching apex. Metatibia straight in lateral view, slightly curved from dorsal view. Dorsally convex in proximal 1 / 5 to 1 / 4, concave in distal 1 / 3 to 2 / 5, rest of surface flat. Metatibial spur almost equal to claw in length. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite in male distinctly bisinuate with a distinct lobe in middle (Fig. 4). Median lobe of aedeagus gently curved in lateral view (Fig. 6). Ventral side convex, slightly depressed at apex, almost parallel sided (Fig. 5). Dorsal opening covered by a single lamina, raised and sclerotised along middle (Fig. 7). Arms of tegmen shorter than stem (Fig. 8). Receptacle of spermatheca longer than pump, internal side more convex than external side, oblong, two times longer than wide with maximum width below middle. Pump with horizontal part subequal to vertical part. Pump and receptacle differentiated by a rim. Pump not narrowed to apex. Duct nearly twice as long as receptacle (Fig. 9). Vaginal palpus with membranous part in middle shorter than sclerotized part anteriorly and posteriorly. Anterior sclerotization slightly longer than posterior sclerotization. Apex transparent, posterior sclerotization deeply emarginate at apex, sides almost parallel in distal half; lateral margin forms indistinct angle with medial margin (Fig. 10). Tignum slightly curved and slightly widened proximally, narrowed preapically, sclerotized part of apex slightly widened (Fig. 11). Measurements (all values in mm; n = 10). Length 2.85 – 3.95 (3.55); width 1.95 – 2.60 (2.38); length of pronotum 0.73 – 1.20 (1.00); width of pronotum 1.25 – 1.85 (1.64); width across eyes 0.73 – 1.05 (0.95); distance between eyes 0.35 – 0.53 (0.46); distance between antennal sockets 0.11 – 0.14 (0.13); length of aedeagus 1.10; length of vaginal palpus 0.56; length of receptacle 0.12. Types. Holotype ɗ. Labels 1) India: Kerala Meppady 26. IV. 2002 Prathapan Coll. 2) Phaelota jacobyi sp. nov. Prathapan & Viraktamath, 2003 3) Holotype (BMNH). Paratypes: 9 ɗ, 2 Ψ, same data as holotype (1 NHMB, 4 PKDC, 4 PNC, 2 USNM). 4 ɗ, 4 Ψ, same data as holotype except the date 18. IV. 2003 (4 PKDC, 2 PNC, 2 UASB); 2 ɗ, same data as above except the locality Ponmudi and the date 10. viii. 2003 and 17. viii. 2003 respectively (2 PKDC).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCEFFD5FEB6FA46FC25FC1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Martin Jacoby who laid the foundations of Oriental Leaf beetle taxonomy.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCEFFD5FEB6FA46FC25FC1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. P. jacobyi is the only yellowish species of Phaelota while others are reddish. Spots on elytron in P. jacobyi is consistent unlike in P. vaishakha where the colour is highly variable. Stronger pronotal punctures and longer prothorax are the other features which make it unique. Presence of carina along middle of frons (absent in P. sindhoori and P. vaishakha) differentiate it from other Indian species.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCAFFDBFEB6FC64FD23FA2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sri Lanka (Jacoby, 1887). Host plants. Unknown.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCAFFDBFEB6FC64FD23FA2C.taxon	description	Description. General colour reddish brown. Elytron with dark brown broad outer band and two inner narrow stripes which become indistinct posteriorly. Pronotum almost piceous, margins and middle longitudinal stripe reddish brown. Last six antennomeres dark brown. Frons and vertex form almost a straight line. Vertex sparsely punctate, moderately flat, slightly depressed behind antennal calli. On each side, adjacent to anteromesal region of supraorbital puncture, one more puncture present. Antennal callus broader than long, transverse, high near border with antennal socket than near border with supracallinal sulcus. Midfrontal depression shallow, not passing below lower border of antennal sockets. Frontal ridge sparsely minutely punctate with a narrow, slightly raised carina along middle in anterior half. Carina forms a denticle in middle of anterofrontal ridge. Maxillary palpus with preapical palpomere as long as half of apical. Antennomeres second, third, and fourth subequal in length. Fifth slightly longer than fourth; sixth thicker but slightly shorter than fifth. Seventh slightly longer and thicker than sixth. 7 – 11 thicker than sixth. 7 – 9 subequal in length, tenth slightly shorter than ninth. Tenth two times as long as wide. 11 th 1.4 times as long as 10 th. Pronotum slightly narrower proximally than distally. Lateral margins strongly curved. Anterolateral callosity low, forming a blunt obtuse denticle at pore. Disc shiny, covered with small punctures. Punctation in antebasal transverse impression not stronger than that on rest of pronotum. Scutellum wider than long, widely rounded at apex, extremely minutely punctate. Elytron with humeral callus poorly developed with a somewhat longitudinal depression on mesal side of humerus, without depression posteriorly. Maximum width at anterior 1 / 3. Surface shiny, punctures small, shallow, indistinct posteriorly. Interstices flat, minutely punctured. Lateral sides moderately flat. Width of interstices 3 – 5 times diameter of a puncture. Elytral punctures indistinct beyond 2 / 3. Epipleuron oblique, reaching apex. Metatibia nearly straight in lateral view, very slightly curved in ventral view. Dorsal surface flat in distal 3 / 5, rest of it convex. Receptacle of spermatheca longer than pump, internal side more convex than external side, oblong, about 2.5 times longer than wide with maximum width below middle. Pump with horizontal part longer than vertical. Pump and receptacle not differentiated by a rim. Pump apically widened. Duct shorter than receptacle, bent at an acute angle before middle (Fig. 12). Vaginal palpus with anterior sclerotization shorter than posterior sclerotization. Apex somewhat transparent, posterior sclerotization not emarginate at apex. Sides narrowed preapically, apex widened, rounded and lateral margin not forming angle with medial margin (Fig. 13). Tignum slightly curved, widened proximally, narrowed preapically, sclerotized part of apex slightly widened (Fig. 14). Measurements (all values in mm; n = 1). Length 5.00; width 3.15; length of pronotum 1.25; width of pronotum 2.30; width across eyes 1.40; distance between eyes 0.77; distance between antennal sockets 0.31; length of vaginal palpus 0.97; length of receptacle 0.14.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCAFFDBFEB6FC64FD23FA2C.taxon	materials_examined	Type specimens examined. Phaelota semifasciata. Syntype Ψ. Labels: 1) Ceylon G. Lewis 1910 ­ 320; 2) Bogawantalawa 4900 – 5200 ft 21. III – 4. IV. 82 (= 1882); 3) Phaelota semifasciata Jac.; 4) Right hind leg mounted in balsm S. Maulik 1929; 5) 114 / 82; 6) Examined & dissected K. D. Prathapan 2003 (BMNH).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFCAFFDBFEB6FC64FD23FA2C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. P. semifasciata is very distinct from the three Indian species in having flat humerus without a posterior depression (humeral callus is well developed with a posterior depression in the three Indian species), second antennomere as long as third (third antennomere is distinctly longer than second in the other three species) and the median longitudinal carina that forms a denticle in the middle of the anterofrontal ridge (median longitudinal carina is absent in P. sindhoori and P. vaishakha, though present, it does not form a denticle in P. jacobyi). Distal antennomeres in the Indian species are much thicker than those in P. semifasciata. Transverse diameter of the antennal sockets is also less in P. semifasciata compared to others.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC4FFDFFEB6F9AEFCE5FDB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India (Kerala) Host plants. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) (Polypodiaceae)	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC4FFDFFEB6F9AEFCE5FDB4.taxon	description	Description. Entirely brownish red, except eyes and five to seven distal antennomeres that are piceous. Anterolateral callosity of pronotum, clypeus and one to two basal antennomeres sometimes yellowish red. Frons and vertex form nearly straight line in lateral view. Vertex nearly flat, minutely punctate. Antennal calli oblique, longer than wide, high along margin with vertex, low along margin with antennal socket. Midfrontal depression reaching well below lower edge of antennal socket. Frontal ridge without median longitudinal carina. Frontal ridge minutely punctate, punctures in middle being slightly larger. Maxillary palpus with preapical palpomere longer than half of apical palpomere. Third antennomere distinctly longer than second; fourth slightly shorter than third; fourth and fifth subequal; sixth shorter than fifth; seventh longer and thicker than sixth; eighth, ninth subequal, thicker and slightly shorter than seventh; tenth slightly shorter than ninth; eleventh slightly less than two times length of tenth. Width of tenth antennomere more than half of its length. Pronotum distinctly narrower proximally than distally. Lateral margin weakly curved. Anterolateral callosity slightly low, forming blunt obtuse denticle at pore. Disc shiny, punctation fine, yet stronger than that on vertex, with a few moderately strong punctures in antebasal impression. Scutellum shining, minutely punctate, as wide as long, apex widely rounded. Elytron with well developed humeral callus, with depression posteriorly, maximum width at proximal 1 / 3. Interstices flat with extremely fine to small punctures. Width of interstices subequal to 4 – 6 times diameter of a puncture. Epipleuron horizontal, not reaching apex. Metatibia straight in lateral view, curved from dorsal view. Dorsally proximal 1 / 3 convex, rest of surface flat to slightly concave distally. A circular depression present on either side of sternites in most of the specimens. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite of male entire, not bisinuate, with a flat, hairy, spindle shaped transverse area in middle (Fig. 16). Ventral side of median lobe of aedeagus convex, almost flat at apex, proximally wider than distally, width of preapical region slightly more than middle region (Fig. 17). Gently curved in lateral view (Fig. 18). Dorsal opening covered by a single lamina sclerotized along middle (Fig. 19). Arms of tegmen shorter than stem (Fig. 20). Receptacle of spermatheca shorter than pump. Internal side of receptacle with transverse ridges, convex; external side slightly concave at middle, with maximum width above middle. Horizontal part of pump longer than vertical, narrowed distally. Duct shorter than receptacle, points in the same direction as receptacle (Fig. 21). Vaginal palpus sclerotized along medial margin; lateral margin form angle with medial margin at apex, apex transparent. Width of vaginal palpus in distal 1 / 4 slightly less than that at middle. Posterior sclerotization darker than anterior sclerotization. Membranous part in middle longer than anterior and posterior sclerotization (Fig. 22). Tignum nearly straight, wider posteriorly than anteriorly (Fig. 23). Measurements (all values in mm; n = 10). Length 3.95 – 4.65 (4.25); width 2.90 – 3.55 (3.17); length of pronotum 1.00 – 1.40 (1.18); width of pronotum 1.88 – 2.45 (2.16); width across eyes 1.10 – 1.33 (1.21); distance between eyes 0.56 – 0.65 (0.61); distance between antennal sockets 0.18 – 0.24 (0.21); length of aedeagus 1.64; length of vaginal palpus 0.74; length of receptacle 0.22. Types. Holotype ɗ. Labels 1) India: Kerala Meppady 26. IV. 2002 Prathapan Coll. 2) Phaelota sindhoori sp. nov. Prathapan & Viraktamath, 2003 3) Holotype (BMNH). Paratypes: 5 ɗ, 5 Ψ. The same data as holotype (1 NHMB, 4 PKDC, 3 PNC, 2 USNM). 5 ɗ, 5 Ψ. The same data as the holotype except the date 18. IV. 2003 (4 PKDC, 4 PNC, 2 UASB).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC4FFDFFEB6F9AEFCE5FDB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name sindhoori refers to the brownish red colour of the insect in Malayalam.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC4FFDFFEB6F9AEFCE5FDB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phaelota sindhoori is remarkable among the species of Phaelota due to lack of suprafrontal sulcus (weak suprafrontal sulcus is present in other species). Receptacle of spermatheca is longer than the duct while duct is nearly two times as long as the receptacle in the other two Indian species. P. sindhoori closely resembles P. vaishakha, but can be separated as discussed under the latter.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC0FFC2FEB6FDC3FE97FE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India (Kerala). Host plants.? Christella sp. (Thelypteridaceae), Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore (Dennstaedtiaceae) and Stenochalaena palaustris (Burm.) Bedd. (Stenochlaenaceae).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC0FFC2FEB6FDC3FE97FE6C.taxon	description	Description. Colour variable. Reddish brown with varying shades of black on dorsal side (Figs. 24, 25) and hind femora. Sometimes sternites also tainted black. Five distal antennomeres always black. Two specimens resemble P. sindhoori in colour: entirely reddish brown except five distal antennomeres that are black. In general elytron black with a reddish patch in middle, pronotum reddish with a black patch along posterior margin. One specimen has reddish elytron with four black spots including one on humerus. Anterior pronotal callosity, labrum, clypeus, first antennomere sometimes yellowish brown. In lateral view proximal end of frons slightly higher than vertex. Margin of vertex with frontal calli distinctly depressed. Vertex moderately flat, minutely punctate. Area surrounding supraorbital pore depressed. Antennal calli transverse, highly convex, narrowly separated from each other, low along margin with vertex. Midfrontal depression extremely short and narrow hence appears as if absent. Frontal ridge without median longitudinal carina. Frontal ridge proximally distinctly convex and punctate. Maxillary palpus with preapical palpomere longer than half of apical. Third antennomere distinctly longer than second; fourth subequal to or slightly longer than third; fifth subequal to fourth or slightly shorter; sixth slightly shorter than fifth, not distinctly thicker than fifth; seventh longer and thicker than sixth; eighth shorter than seventh; eighth to tenth subequal in length; eleventh two times as long as tenth; width of tenth antennomere more than half of its length. Pronotum distinctly narrower proximally than distally. Lateral margin strongly curved. Anterolateral callosity moderately low, forming blunt obtuse denticle at pore. Disc shiny, covered with small punctures distinctly larger than those on vertex. Antebasal transverse impression with punctures stronger than those on rest of pronotum. Scutellum shiny, extremely minutely punctate, wider than long, apex widely rounded. Elytron with well developed humeral callus, with depression posteriorly, maximum width at proximal 1 / 4. Interstices flat with a mixture of small to moderate sized punctures. Width of interstices subequal to 4 – 6 times diameter of a puncture. Epipleuron horizontal, not reaching apex. Metatibia apparently straight in lateral view; slightly curved from dorsal view; distal half dorsally flat, rest of surface convex. Claw subequal to metatibial spur in length. Ridge along mesal edge of metafemur in male with a denticle in middle followed by emargination, serrulation not prominent (Fig. 34). Last abdominal sternite of male with a rectangular lobe in middle of posterior margin (Fig. 26). In ventral view median lobe of aedeagus widened at distal 1 / 3, apex conical, lateral margins slightly emarginate preapically; ventral side moderately convex (Fig. 27). Distal 2 / 3 nearly straight in lateral view (Fig. 28). Dorsal opening partially covered by two laminae (Fig. 29). Arms of tegmen slightly shorter than stem (Fig. 30). Receptacle of spermatheca subeqaul to pump in length, internal and external sides moderately convex; oblong, longer than wide with maximum width below middle. Pump with horizontal part longer than vertical. Pump and receptacle not differentiated by distinct rim. Duct nearly twice as long as receptacle, not coiled, forms loop away from receptacle (Fig. 31). Medial margin of vaginal palpus narrowed at distal 1 / 3; proximal sclerotization lighter than distal sclerotization, both subequal, shorter than unsclerotized area in middle. Posterior sclerotization not emarginate at apex. Lateral margin does not form angle with medial margin (Fig. 32). Tignum slightly curved and narrowed proximally. Sclerotized part of apex slightly widened (Fig. 33). Measurements (all values in mm; n = 10). Length 3.40 – 5.00 (4.13); width 2.68 – 3.95 (3.26); length of pronotum 1.05 – 1.75 (1.3); width of pronotum 2.20 – 3.00 (2.46); width across eyes 1.10 – 1.50 (1.25); distance between eyes 0.53 – 0.69 (0.58); distance between antennal sockets 0.17 – 0.22 (0.19); length of aedeagus 1.9; length of vaginal palpus 0.80; length of receptacle 0.18. Types. Holotype ɗ. Labels 1) India: Kerala Ponmudi 10. V. 2003 Prathapan Coll. 2) Phaelota vaishakha sp. nov. Prathapan & Viraktamath, 2003 3) Holotype (BMNH). Paratypes: 8 ɗ, 6 Ψ. The same data as holotype (1 NHMB, 5 PKDC, 4 PNC, 2 UASB, 2 USNM).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC0FFC2FEB6FDC3FE97FE6C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Date of collection of the types according to the Saka era is 20 th Va is h akha, 1924 and hence the name.	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
03C21B4EFFC0FFC2FEB6FDC3FE97FE6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phaelota vaishakha closely resembles P. sindhoori. Colour in P. vaishakha is variable and some specimens are coloured exactly like P. sindhoori. But they can be separated based on the following characters. In lateral view, frontal ridge joins vertex at a higher level in P. vaishakha while in P. sindhoori they are in the same plane. P. sindhoori has a distinct midfrontal depression reaching well below the level of antennal sockets while midfrontal depression is extremely short and appears as if absent in P. vaishakha. Frontal calli are transverse in P. vaishakha (oblique and longer than wide in P. sindhoori). In P. vaishakha, the sixth antennomere is not distinctly thicker than fifth while in the other three species the sixth antennomere is distinctly thicker than the preceding one. Aedeagus of P. vaishakha (distinctly widened at distal 2 / 3 in ventral view) is distinct from that of P. jacobyi and P. sindhoori (not widened at distal 2 / 3 in ventral view) and the distal end is covered by two laminae (covered by a single lamina in P. jacobyi and P. sindhoori). P. vaishakha resembles P. semifasciata especially in the shape of the antennal calli which is wider than long and strongly curved lateral margin of prothorax. But P. vaishakha can be separated from P. semifasciata based on the well developed humeral callus (humerus is flat in P. semifasciata) and lack of carina along middle of frons (carina present in P. semifasciata).	en	Prathapan, K. D., Viraktamath, C. A. (2004): Revision of Phaelota Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 447: 1-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157817
