identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C287B7053CF11BFF7AF92AAD05B168.text	03C287B7053CF11BFF7AF92AAD05B168.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve (1894: 69) Fig. 1</p> <p>Individuals examined for morphology: n = 28, examined for molecular analysis: n = 2.</p> <p>Frustules isovalvar. Valves linear to linear elliptic with narrowing obtuse to sagittate apices. Length 184–275 μm, 20.0–37.5 μm wide, 14–15 striae in 10 μm and 14–15 areolae in 10 μm. One large longitudinal canal present along each margin. Striae parallel at mid-valve, parallel to weakly convergent at apices (Fig. 1). Axial area linear to linear elliptic from center to apex. Central area round to weakly elliptic, covers approximately 1/3–1/2 of mid-region of valve. In LM, raphe lateral with tightly curved proximal raphe ends and terminal fissures end at laciniae.</p> <p>Observations:— Neidium iridis was found from a single locality (multiple samples) collected from VanDusen Botanical Garden, British Columbia, Canada. The species is identified by its plastid rbc L DNA sequence, large size relative to other Neidium taxa, one longitudinal canal along each margin and the sagittate shape of valve apices. Neidium iridis has a large size range (length, 184–275 μm) in this population which is comparable to N. iridis from the type locality and another locality in eastern North America (Hamilton et al. 2019). N. iridis is comparable to N. beatyi but can be distinguished by the valve shape, valve size and number of longitudinal canals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B7053CF11BFF7AF92AAD05B168	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamilton, Paul B.;Savoie, Amanda M.;Sayre, Cynthia M.;Skibbe, Oliver;Zimmermann, Jonas;Bull, Roger D.	Hamilton, Paul B., Savoie, Amanda M., Sayre, Cynthia M., Skibbe, Oliver, Zimmermann, Jonas, Bull, Roger D. (2019): Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 419 (1): 39-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3
03C287B7053FF115FF7AFF18AD6CB100.text	03C287B7053FF115FF7AFF18AD6CB100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neidium beatyi Hamilton & Savoie & Sayre & Skibbe & Zimmermann & Bull 2019	<div><p>Neidium beatyi sp. nov. Figs 2–18</p> <p>Individuals examined for morphological analyses: n = 48, no molecular material recovered.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular. Valves linear elliptic to lanceolate with weak sagittate to cuneate apices (Figs 2–5). Valve length 126–201 μm, width 18.0–27.0 μm. Areolae round to elliptical, striae oblique to weakly radiate at apices, 15–18 in 10 μm. Areolae 14–18 in 10 μm. Voigt faults distinct on secondary side of valve. Central area small round to transapically expanded, covering 1/3 to 1/2 the valve width. Axial area linear-elliptical from mid-valve to apex. In LM, raphe filiform and linear-elliptical. Three or more longitudinal canals present along each margin. Central raphe ends small deflected hooks, terminal ends forming bifurcate lacinia. Small terminal hyaline area present at apex. In girdle view, areolae form lineal apical and transapical rows (Fig. 3).</p> <p>In SEM external view, raphe linear with thickened ridges along each side (Figs 6–8). Ridges terminate prior to apex (Fig. 11). Proximal ends form distinct small hooks in opposite directions on small central mound. Distal raphe ends form lacinia (Figs 6, 11). Lacinia narrow arrowhead shaped with curved expansion at mantle base (Fig. 11). Axial area scattered with surface depressions. Areolae adjacent to axial area orientated towards axial area and not directly up from valve face (Fig. 8). Areolae around central area larger and more linear elliptic randomly scattered. Areolae depressions on external valve face with recessed finger-forming silicate cribra (Figs 7, 9). Areolae chambered with transapical interconnections (Fig. 12). Areolae around central area sometimes larger than valve face areolae. Three to five longitudinal canals present along each valve margin (Figs 8–11). Longitudinal canal flat with valve face (Figs 8, 9). At apex, narrow linear slit-like areolae may open from a longitudinal canal (Figs 10, 11). Internal valve: central area elevated with ghost striae. Helictoglossae linear and interconnected (Fig. 13). Terminal helictoglossae vertical and curl back from terminal nodule (Fig. 14). Longitudinal canals centrally, forming small bulge along valve margin; towards apex one canal extends to hyaline terminal nodule at apex (Figs 14, 15, 17). Longitudinal canals form apical and transapical network of interconnections (Fig. 18). Internally, areolae covered by fine poroid hymenes (Figs 15–17). Renilimbia (2–6) around areolae along axial area, and longitudinal canals (Fig. 16). Renilimbia randomly scattered around areolae on valve face.</p> <p>Holotype:— CANADA. British Columbia: Vancouver, VanDusen Botanical Garden, J. Holmes, December 28, 2016. Small stream at the end of Livingstone Lake (pond) (CANA! 126257-2, fig. 2 holotype specimen circled on slide. Isotype ANSP GC65328 (circled specimen on slide). Genbank# No DNA results).</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet (beatyi), is linked to the generosity of the Beaty Foundation in supporting the Beaty Botanical Museum, the VanDusen Botanical Garden and the Canadian Museum of Nature.</p> <p>Registration: http//phycobank.org/102929</p> <p>Observations:— Neidium beatyi was found from a regional locality (multiple samples) collected from VanDusen Botanical Garden, British Columbia, Canada. The species is identified by its size, 3–6 longitudinal canals and shape of valve including apices. Neidium beatyi has a large size range (length, 126–207 μm) and is similar to Neidium subampliatum (Grunow) Flower (2005: 54). Flower (2005) elevated the taxon Navicula firma var. subampliata Grunow. (Schmidt 1877, 49: 19) [note: as a typing mistake Neidium firma var. subampliatum] to the rank of species within the genus Neidium. For N. subampliatum he chose a neotype, since a holotype specimen was not available. Neidium subampliatum (specimens) presented by Flower (2005, p. 64, 51–55) are significantly smaller than N. beatyi, with one longitudinal canal and the shape form is different (Supplement A). However, the valve morphology of N. subampliatum sensu Flower does not represent the original line drawing of Navicula firma var. subampliata, which is larger relative to other taxa on Schmidt’s original plate. Further, Kobayashi (1968) illustrated a specimen he identified as Neidium iridis var. subampliatum (Grun.) Kobayshi (1968: 102) from the vicinity of Tokyo that is similar to our specimens and the line drawing of Schmidt for N. firma var. subampliata.</p> <p>Neidium reimeri John (1981: 571–572) and N. zoigeaeum Liu et al. (2017: 17) are similar, but are smaller in size (both taxa &lt;115 μm) and the apices of these taxa are weakly cuneate to round, not notably drawn out, cuneate to sagittate. In addition, the formation of the proximal helictoglossae seems to differ (connected together in N. beatyi). It is possible that N. reimerii and N. zoigeaeum are simply smaller populations of N. beatyi with some loss of valve form with smaller sizes. Both genetic and more thorough morphological studies of these taxa are required.</p> <p>Neidium iridis is similar in valve shape and was also found at the same locality, although rare. Neidium reimeri is distinguished by size (N. iridis 184–237 μm long, 32–25 μm wide), number of longitudinal canals (3–5 versus 1 canal in N. iridis), higher stria count and the presence of an elevated ridge adjacent to the raphe. Neidium iridis sensu auct. (Metzeltin &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2007) is similar in valve shape form, with multiple longitudinal canals, but this South American form is much larger (ca. 300 μm long) and requires more study. Neidium cuneatum Krammer &amp; Metzeltin (= N. iridis; Metzeltin &amp; Lange-Bertalot, 1998: 146, pl. 124: 6) also has a similar valve outline, but is larger (&gt;196 μm long), only one longitudinal canal and has fewer striae. See Hamilton et al. (2019) for a more complete discussion of N. iridis including N. maximum (Cleve 1894: 69) Meister (1912: 109). The large size of N. beatyi and valve shape can also be compared with N. obliquestriatum (Schmidt 1877: figs 49: 41, 42) Cleve (1894: 69), but distinguished by shape, number and size of longitudinal canals (1 for N. obliquestriatum), size and formation of the proximal raphe ends, round to transapically elongated central area (N. beatyi) and shape of the apices. Also comparable is N. krasskei Metzeltin &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2007: 174–175) which is &lt;103 μm long. Neidium beatyi is larger, apices are not as cuneate and central raphe ends smaller. No SEM images of N. krasskei are available for comparison.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B7053FF115FF7AFF18AD6CB100	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamilton, Paul B.;Savoie, Amanda M.;Sayre, Cynthia M.;Skibbe, Oliver;Zimmermann, Jonas;Bull, Roger D.	Hamilton, Paul B., Savoie, Amanda M., Sayre, Cynthia M., Skibbe, Oliver, Zimmermann, Jonas, Bull, Roger D. (2019): Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 419 (1): 39-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3
03C287B70531F110FF7AF8DFAB6EB435.text	03C287B70531F110FF7AF8DFAB6EB435.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neidium vandusenense Hamilton & Savoie & Sayre & Skibbe & Zimmermann & Bull 2019	<div><p>Neidium vandusenense sp. nov. Figs 19–44</p> <p>Individuals examined for morphological analyses: n = 61, examined for molecular analysis: n = 7.</p> <p>Valves linear to linear elliptic with apiculate extended apices (Figs 19–30). Valve length 96–116 μm, width 20.0– 23.0 μm. Striae oblique to mildly convergent at apices, 14–17 in 10 μm. Areolae round to elliptical, 14–16 in 10 μm. Voigt faults on secondary side of valve. Central area transapically expanded, covering 1/3 to 1/2 the valve width. Linear ghost striation markings present along edge of central area (Figs 21–22, 25, 27–28). Axial area linear-elliptical from mid-valve to apex. In LM, raphe filiform and linear-elliptical. Three or more longitudinal canals present along each margin. Central raphe ends deflected hooks, terminal ends forming bifurcate lacinia. Small terminal hyaline area present at apex (Fig. 20, arrow).</p> <p>In SEM external view, valves more or less linear with rounded margins (Figs 31, 33). Apices broadly protracted and mantle at apex recessed not forming linear sides (Figs 31, 33). Raphe linear with a broken thickened ridge along primary side and weak to no ridge along secondary side (Figs 32, 34). Proximal raphe ends form distinct small hooks in opposite directions on small central mound (Fig. 32). Distal raphe ends form broad triangular lacinia with curved expansion at mantle base (Figs 33, 35). Axial area with randomly positioned surface depressions (Figs 32, 34). Areolae depressions on external valve face with recessed finger-forming silicate cribra (Figs 34, 36). Three to four flat, longitudinal canals present along each margin (Figs 32, 36). Internal valve: Central area elevated with ghost striae (Fig. 37). Central helictoglossae offset with small silica interconnection. Terminal helictoglossae form vertically on terminal nodule (Figs 38, 39). Canals flat with valve face, all of equal size and form (Figs 40, 41); towards apex canals extends to hyaline terminal nodule at apex (Fig. 38). Areolae chambered with transapical interconnections (Fig. 41 arrow, on mantle). Areolae covered by hymenes (Figs 42, 43). Renilimbia (2–6) around areolae along axial area, and longitudinal canals (Fig. 42). Renilimbia also randomly scattered around areolae on the valve face. Copulae open bands, with 2 rows of pores (Figs 43, 44).</p> <p>Type:— CANADA. British Columbia: Vancouver, VanDusen Botanical Garden, J. Holmes, December 28, 2016. Small stream at the end of Livingstone Lake (pond) (holotype: CANA! 126257-7, fig. 22 holotype specimen, circled on slide). Isotype ANSP GC65327 (circled specimen on slide). Genbank #s See table 2.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet (vandusenense), is recognized for the collection site at the VanDusen Botanical Garden.</p> <p>Registration: http//phycobank.org/102030</p> <p>Observations:—Plastid rbc L DNA sequence, size (96–116 μm), valve outline, 3–4 longitudinal canals, ghost striae along the margins of the central area and recessed mantle margins at the apices identify this taxon. Neidium vandusenense can be compared to N. siveri Metzeltin &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2007: 179) with a similar valve outline, but N. vandusenense is distinguished by the larger size (64–74 μm long, N. siveri), more than one longitudinal canal and the weak oblique striation formation.</p> <p>Neidium vandusenense can also be compared to N. grande Gandhi (1959: 313, as N. grandis) with respect to general valve outline, protracted apices, and multiple longitudinal canals. N. vandusenense is differentiated from N. grande by larger size (45–55 μm, N. grande), linear to slightly triundulate valve margins (not elliptic), and stria density (26–28 in 10 μm, N. grande). No ghost striae were observed in N. grande. Another comparison can be made with N. capitellatum Gandhi (1959: 313, as N. capitellata) with respect to valve outline, although N. capitellatum is smaller (46–86 μm long) and the apices are capitate.</p> <p>In North America compare with N. affine var. humerus Reimer (Patrick &amp; Reimer 1966: 392) with respect to similar valve outline and ghost striae along the central area. N. vandusenense is larger than N. affine var. humerus (41–78 μm long), the valve margins of N. vandusenense are more linear and sometimes weakly triundulate, the apices more protracted and 3 + longitudinal canals versus 1(2) in N. affine var. humerus. The stria and areolae densities of N. affine var. humerus are also higher.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B70531F110FF7AF8DFAB6EB435	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamilton, Paul B.;Savoie, Amanda M.;Sayre, Cynthia M.;Skibbe, Oliver;Zimmermann, Jonas;Bull, Roger D.	Hamilton, Paul B., Savoie, Amanda M., Sayre, Cynthia M., Skibbe, Oliver, Zimmermann, Jonas, Bull, Roger D. (2019): Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 419 (1): 39-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3
03C287B70535F10DFF7AFB04A98AB22C.text	03C287B70535F10DFF7AFB04A98AB22C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neidium collare Hamilton & Savoie & Sayre & Skibbe & Zimmermann & Bull 2019	<div><p>Neidium collare sp. nov. Figs 45–68</p> <p>Individuals examined for morphological analyses: n = 31, examined for molecular analysis: n = 1.</p> <p>Valves elliptic lanceolate to lanceolate with rostrate to broadly apiculate apices (Figs 45–55). Valve length 44–96 μm, width 14.5–20.0 μm. Striae oblique to mildly convergent at apices, 14–18 in 10 μm. Areolae round to elliptical, 16–19 in 10 μm. Voigt faults on secondary side of valve. Central area transapically expanded, covering 1/3 to 1/2 valve width. Axial area linear from mid-valve to apex. In LM, raphe filiform and linear-elliptical. One large longitudinal canal present along each margin. Central raphe ends deflected extending ½ to ¾ across central area. Terminal ends forming bifurcate lacinia.</p> <p>In SEM external view, raphe linear, curving to secondary side of valve close to apex (Figs 56, 60, 61). Proximal raphe ends deflected, not hooked on small central mound (Fig. 57). Distal raphe ends form a small triangular lacinia (Figs 60, 61). Axial area straight to linear-elliptic with no surface depressions (Figs 56, 57). One longitudinal canal along each margin with a single row or linear elliptic areolae (Fig. 58). Areolae round to elliptic with no cribra formation evident (Fig. 59). One round to elliptic areola opening from the longitudinal canals all the way to the apex. (Figs 60, 61). Copulae open bands with two rows of pores (Figs, 58, 60, 61). Internal valve: Central area elevated with weak ghost striae. Central helictoglossae offset with silica interconnection (Figs 62, 65, 66). Terminal helictoglossae forms vertically (not recurved) at edge of small terminal nodule (Fig. 64). Canal along each margin elevated from valve face, extending from apex to apex with a single row of linear elliptic areolae (Figs 63, 64, 67). Areolae opening recessed from valve face and covered by hymenes (Fig. 67). Areolae chambered with transapical interconnections (Fig. 68, on mantle). Renilimbia around areolae along axial area, and longitudinal canals. Renilimbia also randomly scattered around areolae on the valve face (Fig. 66, arrows).</p> <p>Type:— CANADA. British Columbia: Vancouver, VanDusen Botanical Garden, J. Holmes, December 28, 2016. Small stream at the end of Livingstone Lake (pond) (holotype: CANA! 126257-4, fig. 49 holotype specimen, circled on slide. Isotype ANSP GC65326 (specimen circled on slide). Genbank # See Table 2.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet (collare), refers to the narrow neck of the valve approaching the apices.</p> <p>Registration: http//phycobank.org/102031</p> <p>Observations:—The elliptic lanceolate valve form with rostrate to apiculate rounded apices is represented in a number of Neidium species. Plastid rbc L DNA sequence, size (47–92 μm long), valve outline, one prominent longitudinal canal, weak to no ghost striae along the margins of the central area and formation of the proximal helictoglossae identifies this taxon. Neidium collare can be compared with N. ligulatum Liu et al. (2017: 22) and N. affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenberg 1843: 417) Cleve (1894: 68) sensu Liu et al. (2017: 22, figs 204, 207, 216–220). There is a continuum of shape changes from narrowing apiculate (N. collare) to rostrate apices (N. affine var. amphirhynchus sensu Liu et al.). Both of these comparable taxa have two clear helictoglossae at the central nodule while, N. collare has a merged helictoglossae formation. The distal helictoglossae are vertically projected against the terminal nodule in N. collare, while N. ligulatum and N. affine var. amphirhynchus sensu Liu et al. have recurved helictoglossae. Neidium ligulatum is at the smaller end of the size spectrum (47–64 μm long) with a slightly lower stria count (14–18 in 10 μm), while N. affine var. amphirhynchus sensu Liu et al. has a slightly higher stria count (18–20 in 10 μm). Genetic studies are required to delineate the relationship between these taxa.</p> <p>Neidium collare can also be compared to N. oblique-striatum var. nipponicum Skvortzow (1936: 30, as var. nipponica) and N. oblique-striatum var. rostratum Skvortzow (1936: 30, as var. rostrata). The Skvortzow taxa have distinct oblique striations with rostrate and sagittate apices. N. oblique -striatum var. nipponicum is much broader (20–25 μm wide) and N. oblique-striatum var. rostratum has a higher stria count (24 in 10 μm). The single line drawing limits the understanding of the phenotype expression of these taxa.</p> <p>In North America, N. collare can be compared with the smaller (36–53 μm) N. statuarium Siver &amp; Hamilton (2005: p. 364) although N. collare has a lower stria count, more lanceolate valve and no extensive valve surface sculpture.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B70535F10DFF7AFB04A98AB22C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamilton, Paul B.;Savoie, Amanda M.;Sayre, Cynthia M.;Skibbe, Oliver;Zimmermann, Jonas;Bull, Roger D.	Hamilton, Paul B., Savoie, Amanda M., Sayre, Cynthia M., Skibbe, Oliver, Zimmermann, Jonas, Bull, Roger D. (2019): Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 419 (1): 39-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3
03C287B70529F10FFF7AFF02A9C8B7AC.text	03C287B70529F10FFF7AFF02A9C8B7AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neidium lavoieanum Hamilton & Savoie & Sayre & Skibbe & Zimmermann & Bull 2019	<div><p>Neidium lavoieanum sp. nov. Figs 69–82</p> <p>Individuals examined for morphological analyses: n = 27, examined for molecular analysis: n = 1.</p> <p>Valves linear to linear-elliptic with capitate apices (Figs 69–74). Valve length 58–70 μm, width 14.–15.0 μm. Striae mildly oblique throughout, 20–22 in 10 μm. Areolae elliptical, 15–18 in 10 μm. Voigt faults on secondary side of valve. Central area transapically expanded, covering ½ to ¾ valve width. Axial area linear to linear elliptic from mid-valve to apex. In LM, raphe filiform and linear-elliptical. One longitudinal canal present along each margin. Central raphe ends deflected extending ½ to ¾ across central area. Terminal ends forming bifurcate lacinia.</p> <p>In SEM external view, proximal raphe ends deflected and hooked on small central mound (Fig. 77). Raphe with small thickened ridges mid-way across valve. Distal raphe ends form small triangular lacinia extending to base of mantle (Fig. 78). Axial area straight to linear-elliptic with no surface depressions (Fig. 76). One longitudinal canal along each margin, extending to base of terminal raphe fissure (Fig. 78). Longitudinal canal with two external pores, one on valve face, one on mantle (Fig. 75). Areolae round to elliptical, no cribra occlusions evident. Internal view, helictoglossae at raphe ends not, deflected up, not recurved (Figs 79, 81, 82). Terminal apex without prominent pseudosepta (Fig. 82). Central helictoglossae separate, in linear alignment (Fig. 81). Central area broad with recessed coverings between virgae. Areolae chambered (Fig. 80). Areolae openings round to linear-elliptic, covered by hymenae (Fig. 80, arrow). Renilimbia scattered, primarily around longitudinal canals and axial area (Figs 81, 82). Longitudinal canal with single row of elliptical areolae covered with hymenae.</p> <p>Type:— CANADA. British Columbia: Vancouver, VanDusen Botanical Garden, J. Holmes, December 28, 2016. Small stream at the end of Livingstone Lake (pond) (holotype: CANA! 126257-1, fig. 71 holotype specimen circled on slide.). Isotype ANSP GC65329 (circled specimen on slide). Genbank # See table 2.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet (lavoieanum) is presented in honour of Dr. I. Lavoie for her exceptional work on ecosystem modelling, diatom ecology, toxicology and teratology.</p> <p>Registration: http//phycobank.org/102032</p> <p>Observations:—The linear to linear-elliptic valve form with capitate apices is represented in a number of Neidium species. At present plastid rbc L DNA sequence, size (59–70 μm long), one prominent longitudinal canal, and formation of the proximal helictoglossae identifies this taxon. Neidium lavoieanum can be compared with N. longiceps (W.Greg. 1856: 8) R. Ross (1947: 210) from North America (Lefebvre et al. 2017), but separated by larger size (N. longiceps 28–47 μm long, 8–12 μm wide), and lower stria count (N. longiceps 30–36 in 10 μm), and a distinct difference in the rbc L gene. All other morphological features are similar between the two taxa. Another similar taxon is N. angustatum Liu et al. (2017: 11), but N. angustatum is narrower (10–11 μm), with a higher stria count (25–27 in 10 μm), different striae orientation and the apices are more rostrate than capitate. No DNA metrics are available for comparison.</p> <p>Genetic Analysis</p> <p>The maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses of rbc L sequence data present a broad taxonomic tree across the genus Neidium (Fig. 83, Supplement B). Interestingly, the rbc L genetic divergence among the Neidium taxa examined was relatively low (&lt;1%), however the genetically identified clades separate well with morphology, indicating that rbc L is conserved among taxa of this genus. The new species described here were between 0.4 to 0.96% different from their nearest neighbour. For example, Neidium collare (n=1) was 0.96% (6 bp different over 625 bp) different from N. bisulcatum (Lagerst. 1873: 31) Cleve (1894: 68). Neidium lavoieanum was separated from N. cf. productum (W.Sm. 1853: 51) Cleve (1894: 69) (Czarnecki culture, UTEX collection) with the smallest difference, 0.40% (3 bp over 751 bp). Neidium iridis was also present in the creek sample (Lake Victoria, VanDusen Botanical Garden) and was 0.67% different (5 bp over 750 bp) from N. lavoieanum. These differences are in line with established Neidium species, for example N. fossum and N. longiceps are 0.51% different (6 bp over 1168 bp). In the ML analysis, the genus Neidium was monophyletic relative to the outgroup taxa included (Neidiomorpha, Luticola and Scoliopleura) and had medium bootstrap support (84%, Fig. 83). Neidiomorpha binodis and N. binodeformis were associated with Luticola ventricosa and sister to S coliopleura peisonis. Within the genus Neidium, N. hitchcockii was sister to the other species included in this study. A clade including N. fossum Lefebvre &amp; P.B.Hamil. (2015, 214), N. longiceps, N. sacoense Reimer (1959: 29) (Patrick &amp; Reimer 1966: 402, pl 37: 3), and N. promontorium Lefebvre &amp; P.B.Hamil. (2017: 696, 697) had high support (98%), while many of the other relationships between species were poorly supported in this analysis (Fig. 83).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B70529F10FFF7AFF02A9C8B7AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamilton, Paul B.;Savoie, Amanda M.;Sayre, Cynthia M.;Skibbe, Oliver;Zimmermann, Jonas;Bull, Roger D.	Hamilton, Paul B., Savoie, Amanda M., Sayre, Cynthia M., Skibbe, Oliver, Zimmermann, Jonas, Bull, Roger D. (2019): Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences. Phytotaxa 419 (1): 39-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3
