taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C587C9FFE1FFE6658B15B3FA5DFEFA.taxon	description	Female pupa (Figs. 15 – 31). Exuviae pale yellowish brown. Length of cephalothorax 0.792 – 1.025 (0.908, n = 6) mm, its width 0.466 – 0.605 (0.566, n = 6) mm. Operculum (Figs. 15 – 16, 20, 22) slightly wider than long, distal margin nearly straight; disc surface covered by stout rounded spinules; anteromarginal tubercle (am) welldeveloped, 0.0329 mm (SEM) (Figs. 15 – 16, 20, 22), base rounded, wide, with one long, stout, pointed seta inserted in a conical-shaped area, 0.0852 mm (SEM); basal sensillum present; posterior margin slightly convex, smooth except for few small rounded spinules between anteromarginal tubercles; OL 0.122 – 0.186 (0.171, n = 6) mm; OW 0.022 – 0.026 (0.023, n = 7) mm; OW / OL 1.04 – 1.31 (1.18, n = 4). Respiratory horn (Figs. 15 – 17, 29) medium-sized, slender, yellowish, distal half dark brown, large scale-like spines; 7 – 8 apical spiracles, 2 – 3 laterobasal ones; pedicel stout, P 0.033 – 0.04 (0.037, n = 4) mm; RH 0.17 – 0.19 (0.18, n = 5) mm; P / RH 0.132, 0.19 – 0.21 (0.20, n = 4). Cephalothoracic tubercles as follows: anterodorsal tubercle (ad) prominent, with large, pointed setae (Figs. 15 – 16); dorsolateral tubercle (dl) (Figs. 15 – 17, 19 – 20) small, blunt, with 2 setae, one long, thin, other minute; dorsal tubercles (d): i with minute seta, ii with medium-sized, stout seta; iii with long seta; iv with very long, thin seta, v small, minute seta (Figs. 16, 21). Two ventrolateral (vl) long, thin setae (Fig. 18); 2 ventromedial (vm), mediumsized setae, one stouter (Fig. 18). Abdominal segments with smooth integument, with scarce spicules spread on anterior and posterior portions; each segment with small pigmented anterolateral spiracle (sp). First abdominal segment (Fig. 30) with setae as follows: 2 anteromesal thin setae, one long, other medium-sized; 2 posterior setae, mesal one very long, thin, other minute. Fourth segment (Figs. 23 – 25, 31) with all tubercles with small base: 2 dorsal anterosubmarginal tubercles (dasm), i – ii short setae, i thiner than ii; 5 dorsal posteromarginal tubercles (dpm), i – ii short seta, iii without seta, iv – v minute setae; 3 lateral posteromarginal tubercles (lpm), i, iii spur-like, pointed setae, ii very long, thin seta; one lateral anterosubmarginal tubercle (lasm) spur-like seta; 3 ventral posteromarginal tubercles (vpm), i minute seta, ii long, thin seta, iii short, stout seta. Caudal segment (Fig. 26) approximately 1.25 times as long as greatest width, length 0.18 – 0.22 (0.201, n = 7) mm, width 0.10 – 0.19 (0.146, n = 7) mm; posteriorly directed spicules restricted to narrow anterior band, not connected to central inverted V-shaped patch of spicules; mesal spicules patch not extending to posterolateral processes, these moderately elongated, subparallel with pointed, dark tips; ventral surface of posterolateral processes with spicules present on each side of midline. Male caudal segment (Figs. 27 – 28) similar to female.	en	Ronderos, María M., Cazorla, Carla G., Spinelli, Gustavo R. (2010): The immature stages of the biting midge Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2716: 42-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199737
03C587C9FFE1FFE6658B15B3FA5DFEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. All the specimens collected as larvae, reared in laboratory. Argentina, Entre Ríos prov., Ibicuy, from tree – holes of Salix sp., 7 - XI- 2006, R. Campos-C. Cazorla, 2 larval exuviae (instar IV), 11 larvae (instar IV), 5 female pupal exuviae, 3 pupae, 2 adult females, 1 adult male. FIGURE 22 – 28. Culicoides debilipalpis, pupa. Figs. 22 – 26: female (digital camera). Figs. 27 – 28: male (SEM). Fig. 22: operculum. Fig. 23: 4 th abdominal segment (lateroventral view). Fig. 24: 4 th abdominal segment (dorsal and ventral views). Fig. 25: 4 th abdominal segment (dorsal view). Figs. 26 – 27: caudal segment (ventral view). Fig. 28: caudal segment (anteroventral view). Material examined by SEM: same data, 6 larvae (1 instar I, 1 instar II, 1 instar III, 3 instar IV), 6 pupae. Distribution. Widespread from USA (Maryland, Kentucky, Nebraska south to Lousiana and Florida), Guatemala and Belize to Argentina (Jujuy, Misiones, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires provinces). Bionomics. The freshly collected larva is basically salmon colored. When kept in the laboratory, it losses some of this pigmentation, probably as a result of the adapted diet. The larva shows a good adaptation for swimming and typical active movement. They are positively phototrophic and their activity increases when they are observed under light. Observations during the conduct of this work indicate that this species feeds on microorganisms carried in the standing water and organic matter of their natural environment. The life cycle of Culicoides debilipalpis from larva to adult lasted approximately 31 days in the laboratory. The pupa movement is slow, undulating the last seven abdominal segments, which might be used to keep floating.	en	Ronderos, María M., Cazorla, Carla G., Spinelli, Gustavo R. (2010): The immature stages of the biting midge Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2716: 42-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199737
