occurrenceID	taxonID	catalogNumber	collectionCode	institutionCode	typeStatus	verbatimLabel	sex	individualCount	eventDate	recordedBy	recordNumber	decimalLatitude	decimalLongitude	minimumElevationInMeters	maximumElevationInMeters	minimumDepthInMeters	maximumDepthInMeters	country	stateProvince	municipality	locality	references	associatedOccurrences	associatedReferences	associatedSequences	basisOfRecord	eventRemarks	occurrenceRemarks
03C42F370C60731FFF66CC53BD0FD9B8.mc.3B05947C0C60731EFF36CF00BE31DF25	03C42F370C60731FFF66CC53BD0FD9B8.taxon				holotype	Type locality. New Zealand.		1										New Zealand			New Zealand	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C60731FFF66CC53BD0FD9B8#3B05947C0C60731EFF36CF00BE31DF25				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.mc.3B05947C0C61731FFF36CCBBBDF3DCC0	03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Algeria.		1										Algeria			Algeria	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31#3B05947C0C61731FFF36CCBBBDF3DCC0				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.mc.3B05947C0C61731FFF36CF68BFA7DFE8	03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.taxon				holotype	Notes. The type specimen was sent from Algiers, Algeria by Guichenot who reported this species occurred, albeit ‘ very rarely’, in Béjaïa (formerly Bougie) (Guichenot 1850)		1										Algeria	Bejaia		Guichenot	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31#3B05947C0C61731FFF36CF68BFA7DFE8				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.mc.3B05947C0C61731FFC5BCF42B88EDFC5	03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.taxon				holotype	No other specimens have been found from Algeria since this time, and we restrict the current distribution of H. algiricus to West Africa		1										Algeria	No		No	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31#3B05947C0C61731FFC5BCF42B88EDFC5				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.mc.3B05947C0C61731FFB30CFBEB850DE31	03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31.taxon	BOLD 2016		BOLD	holotype	H. algiricus is very closely related to the H. kuda - complex (Teske et al. 2005) and is only 1.3 % divergent from H. reidi (Silveira et al. 2014; Casey et al. 2004; Teske et al. 2004; BOLD 2016), but is here retained as a valid separate species due to the geographic distance between the West African and Brazilian coasts (see Discussion for further explanation). Further research is needed to determine the level of connectivity and gene exchange between the two populations. Synonymies were confirmed by examination of all type specimens (Lourie et al. 1999).		1										Algeria	West		West	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C61731FFF66CC2AB850DE31#3B05947C0C61731FFB30CFBEB850DE31				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C62731DFF66CDF0BFF8D815.mc.3B05947C0C62731CFF36CC42BF2CDCEB	03C42F370C62731DFF66CDF0BFF8D815.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Freycinet Harbour, Western Australia.		1											Western Australia		Freycinet Harbour	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C62731DFF66CDF0BFF8D815#3B05947C0C62731CFF36CC42BF2CDCEB				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C63731DFF66CC59B8F5DE60.mc.3B05947C0C63731DFF36CF2EBE07DF77	03C42F370C63731DFF66CC59B8F5DE60.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Cuyo, Philippines.		1										Philippines			Cuyo	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C63731DFF66CC59B8F5DE60#3B05947C0C63731DFF36CF2EBE07DF77				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7C7302FF66CA9BBD3FDC60.mc.3B05947C0C7C7302FF36CD6CBEB5DD31	03C42F370C7C7302FF66CA9BBD3FDC60.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Nouméa, New Caledonia.		1										New Caledonia			Noumea	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7C7302FF66CA9BBD3FDC60#3B05947C0C7C7302FF36CD6CBEB5DD31				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7D7303FF66C9B8BD1DDCCA.mc.3B05947C0C7D7303FF36CD5DBEADDDE6	03C42F370C7D7303FF66C9B8BD1DDCCA.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Adelaide, South Australia.		1											South Australia		Adelaide	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7D7303FF66C9B8BD1DDCCA#3B05947C0C7D7303FF36CD5DBEADDDE6				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7D7303FF66CCD5BD33DE3B.mc.3B05947C0C7D7303FF36CFA6BE33DFCF	03C42F370C7D7303FF66CCD5BD33DE3B.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Mozambique.		1										Mozambique			Mozambique	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7D7303FF66CCD5BD33DE3B#3B05947C0C7D7303FF36CFA6BE33DFCF				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A.mc.3B05947C0C7E7300FF66CD5BBE0CDDDC	03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A.taxon	BMNH 1898.12		BMNH	holotype	English common names. Knysna Seahorse, Cape seahorse. Holotype. BMNH 1898.12. 17.3.		1											Cape	English	Knysna Seahorse	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A#3B05947C0C7E7300FF66CD5BBE0CDDDC				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A.mc.3B05947C0C7E7300FF36CD93BDABDD95	03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Knysna Harbour, South Africa. Synonyms. None		1										South Africa			Knysna Harbour	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7E7301FF66CD02B812D83A#3B05947C0C7E7300FF36CD93BDABDD95				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7F7301FF66C8B0BF6DDE7F.mc.3B05947C0C7F7301FE11CB29BDAFDB32	03C42F370C7F7301FF66C8B0BF6DDE7F.taxon				paratype	001. Paratypes: AMS I 41181 - 002. Type locality. Lord Howe Island, Australia. Synonyms. None.		1										Australia			Lord Howe Island	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7F7301FF66C8B0BF6DDE7F#3B05947C0C7F7301FE11CB29BDAFDB32				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D.mc.3B05947C0C787306FF36C9B8BE7FD9DD	03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Penang, Malaysia.		1										Malaysia	Penang		Penang	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D#3B05947C0C787306FF36C9B8BE7FD9DD				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D.mc.3B05947C0C787306FF36C82BBF42D82D	03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D.taxon			BOLD		Notes. BOLD (2016) data suggest that H. comes is most closely related to H. angustus and H. subelongatus from Shark Bay, Western Australia, with a divergence of 2.73 %.		1											Western Australia		Shark Bay	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7F7306FF66CE4ABF42D82D#3B05947C0C787306FF36C82BBF42D82D				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C787306FF66CDF8B875DFCD.mc.3B05947C0C787306FF36CCA4BE09DCCE	03C42F370C787306FF66CDF8B875DFCD.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Nagasaki, Japan.		1										Japan	Nagasaki		Nagasaki	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C787306FF66CDF8B875DFCD#3B05947C0C787306FF36CCA4BE09DCCE				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.mc.3B05947C0C797307FF66CD6ABD8CDDED	03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.taxon				holotype	English common name. Lowcrown Seahorse. Holotype. QM I. 788.		1											QM		QM	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0#3B05947C0C797307FF66CD6ABD8CDDED				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.mc.3B05947C0C7A7304FF36C9B8BFFDD9DD	03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Moreton Bay, Noosa, southern Queensland, Australia		1										Australia	Queensland	Noosa	Moreton Bay	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0#3B05947C0C7A7304FF36C9B8BFFDD9DD				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.mc.3B05947C0C7A7304FF66C9D0B8CBD8A0	03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0.taxon	BOLD 2016		BOLD	holotype	Notes. Morphological data for the type specimen of H. dahli have been lost. Specimens from northeast Australia that are classified as H. dahli by Kuiter (2001) are meristically indistinguishable from H. trimaculatus from elsewhere in their range (Appendix D), although they apparently lack the three spots characteristic of H. trimaculatus (data for Lourie et al. 1999). Genetic data (648 bp, CO 1) from a single specimen identified as H. dahli (not publicly available) suggests a 4.86 % divergence between this specimen and others from India to Taiwan, Province of China, Indonesia and the Philippines (BOLD 2016). Further investigation is warranted.		1		Appendix D & Lourie								Australia		Kuiter	Specimens	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C797304FF66CD2FB8CBD8A0#3B05947C0C7A7304FF66C9D0B8CBD8A0				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7A7304FF66CB20B827DA2A.mc.3B05947C0C7A7304FF36CBB1BF18DBDA	03C42F370C7A7304FF66CB20B827DA2A.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Red Sea, Hurghada, Erg Camel, Egypt.		1										Egypt	Red Sea	Erg Camel	Hurghada	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7A7304FF66CB20B827DA2A#3B05947C0C7A7304FF36CBB1BF18DBDA				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995.mc.3B05947C0C7A7304FC3BCE64BFFBDEEA	03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995.taxon	USNM 368872-73		USNM	holotype	USNM 368872 - 73 (1, 3), 370526. Type locality. Banta Island, Indonesia (holotype, and one paratype)		1										Indonesia			Banta Island	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995#3B05947C0C7A7304FC3BCE64BFFBDEEA				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995.mc.3B05947C0C7A7304FC3ACE41BDAFDEC7	03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995.taxon				paratype	Palau (other paratypes). Synonyms. None.		1										Palau			Palau	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7A7305FF66CFCFBE16D995#3B05947C0C7A7304FC3ACE41BDAFDEC7				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.mc.3B05947C0C7B7305FF36CC0FB8CEDC54	03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.taxon				holotype	Type locality. ‘ American seas, coasts of Mexico and West Indies’ (presumably Atlantic coasts)		1										Mexico			West Indies'	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871#3B05947C0C7B7305FF36CC0FB8CEDC54				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.mc.3B05947C0C7B7305FAF1CC0EBD89DC30	03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.taxon				neotype	Neotype from Florida (Gulf of Mexico)		1										Mexico			Florida	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871#3B05947C0C7B7305FAF1CC0EBD89DC30				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.mc.3B05947C0C7B730AFF36CF82BD81D9B8	03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.taxon				neotype	Notes. No type specimen is associated with the original description of H. erectus, and its type locality was not specific, but we here designate a neotype from the centre of its range. Vari (1982) revised the western Atlantic seahorses and made the synonymies, however the morphological variation, particularly in terms of spine development among some specimens, is relatively large. The Brazilian H. erectus forms a genetically distinct clade (648 bp, CO 1), separate from the Caribbean specimens, however the genetic distance between these clades (1.6 %, Silveira et al. 2014) is below the 2 % threshold employed in this revision. Boehm et al. (2015) indicate that H. erectus from the Gulf of Mexico to Long Island exist as three genetic subpopulations (based on 11,708 single nucleotide polymorphisms), although an earlier study based on 3840 bp (mtDNA cyt b, CO 1, CR) and five nuclear loci (aldolase, myh 6, rhodopsin, Tmo 4 c 4, S 7 intron) gave no evidence to support a distinction on either side of Cape Hatteras (Boehm et al. 2013). Boehm et al. (2015) have recently demonstrated that this species is resident as far north as Long Island		1											No	western Atlantic	The Brazilian	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871#3B05947C0C7B730AFF36CF82BD81D9B8				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.mc.3B05947C0C74730AFE39C992BD6AD871	03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871.taxon				holotype	Many records of the species exist from over the Scotian shelf off the east coast of Canada — further research is needed to determine whether they are resident there or if they are vagrant drifters on the Gulf Stream.		1											Gulf		Gulf	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C7B730AFF66CDBDBD6AD871#3B05947C0C74730AFE39C992BD6AD871				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1.mc.3B05947C0C75730BFF36C9F0BEAED995	03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Kailua, Hawaii (holotype)		1											Hawaii		Kailua	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1#3B05947C0C75730BFF36C9F0BEAED995				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1.mc.3B05947C0C75730BFD51C9F0BF82D995	03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1.taxon				paratype	Hilo, Hawaii (paratypes)		1											Hawaii		Hilo	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C74730BFF66CD78B90FD8C1#3B05947C0C75730BFD51C9F0BF82D995				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808.mc.3B05947C0C75730BFF36CBFEBE38DB84	03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Nice, France.		1										France			Nice	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C757308FF66C8D5BD24D808#3B05947C0C75730BFF36CBFEBE38DB84				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C767308FF36CF82BEEEDFAB	03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Spain / Portugal, eastern Atlantic		1										Spain			eastern Atlantic	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5#3B05947C0C767308FF36CF82BEEEDFAB				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7.mc.3B05947C0C777309FF36CA36BD88DA5C	03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Japan.		1										Japan			Japan	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7#3B05947C0C777309FF36CA36BD88DA5C				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7.mc.3B05947C0C777309FF36CA12BF8ADDF7	03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7.taxon			BOLD	holotype	Notes. Five of the eleven specimens used by Fricke (2004) to describe H. curvicuspis were examined previously by the first author who did not find the cited morphological and meristic distinctions that purportedly separate these specimens from H. histrix (Lourie et al. 1999; Appendix G). In addition, one specimen (AMS IB. 4155) in the type series appeared to be a member of a different species (H. spinosissimus) (SL pers. obs.). The wide geographic range of H. histrix (from east Africa to Japan) warrants further investigation, as Song & Mabuchi (2014) suggest that the genetic distance between Indian and Pacific H. histrix is 6.6 – 6.7 % (CO 1) and this is also suggested by BOLD (2016) which indicates a 6.13 % distinction between specimens from Mozambique / India versus Viet Nam / Japan (648 bp CO 1). This high degree of divergence indicates the presence of at least one cryptic species across the range. There are no genetic data currently available for H. jayakari, which is morphologically very similar to but replaces H. histrix in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf		1		Notes. Five & Fricke & Lourie & Appendix G & In								Japan	Song	east Africa	Mabuchi	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C777309FF66C8F9BF8EDDF7#3B05947C0C777309FF36CA12BF8ADDF7				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C70730EFF66C9B8BEB9DBEA.mc.3B05947C0C70730EFF36C88BBE0CD8D1	03C42F370C70730EFF66C9B8BEB9DBEA.taxon				holotype	Type locality. San Diego, USA.		1										United States of America			San Diego	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C70730EFF66C9B8BEB9DBEA#3B05947C0C70730EFF36C88BBE0CD8D1				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C70730EFF66CF78B8C3DE0E.mc.3B05947C0C70730EFF36CE2ABE23DE73	03C42F370C70730EFF66CF78B8C3DE0E.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Muscat, Oman.		1										Oman			Muscat	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C70730EFF66CF78B8C3DE0E#3B05947C0C70730EFF36CE2ABE23DE73				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C71730FFF66CA8AB92FDC24.mc.3B05947C0C71730FFF36CD77BE8FDD1C	03C42F370C71730FFF66CA8AB92FDC24.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Lord Howe Island, Australia.		1										Australia			Lord Howe Island	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C71730FFF66CA8AB92FDC24#3B05947C0C71730FFF36CD77BE8FDD1C				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C72730CFF66C9B8BCE6DBEF.mc.3B05947C0C72730CFF36C809BE7AD853	03C42F370C72730CFF66C9B8BCE6DBEF.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Kagoshima, Japan.		1										Japan	Kagoshima		Kagoshima	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C72730CFF66C9B8BCE6DBEF#3B05947C0C72730CFF36C809BE7AD853				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C727332FF66CCE6BE82DB51.mc.3B05947C0C73730DFF36CA6ABDE5DA33	03C42F370C727332FF66CCE6BE82DB51.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Singapore		1										Singapore			Singapore	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C727332FF66CCE6BE82DB51#3B05947C0C73730DFF36CA6ABDE5DA33				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.mc.3B05947C0C4C7332FF36CA6DBDF7DA36	03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.taxon			NMV	holotype	Holotype. NMV A 192		1											A		A	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE#3B05947C0C4C7332FF36CA6DBDF7DA36				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.mc.3B05947C0C4C7332FE45CA49BEA2DA12	03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.taxon				holotype	Australia (holotype)		1										Australia			Australia	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE#3B05947C0C4C7332FE45CA49BEA2DA12				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.mc.3B05947C0C4C7332FD55CA48B826DA12	03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.taxon				holotype	New South Wales and Bass Strait		1										Australia	New South Wales		New South Wales	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE#3B05947C0C4C7332FD55CA48B826DA12				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.mc.3B05947C0C4C7332FBD9CA49B852DACE	03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE.taxon				paratype	Australia (paratypes). Notes. Hippocampus minotaur is known only from four specimens (Gomon 1997).		1										Australia			Australia	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4C7332FF66CBA0B852DACE#3B05947C0C4C7332FBD9CA49B852DACE				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4C7333FF66CFC4BDD1DD01.mc.3B05947C0C4D7333FF36CA54BEB2DAFE	03C42F370C4C7333FF66CFC4BDD1DD01.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Kaminoseki Island, Japan.		1										Japan			Kaminoseki Island	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4C7333FF66CFC4BDD1DD01#3B05947C0C4D7333FF36CA54BEB2DAFE				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4D7330FF66CD90BCDAD853.mc.3B05947C0C4E7330FF36C993BE8DD9B8	03C42F370C4D7330FF66CD90BCDAD853.taxon				holotype	Type locality. SW of Esperance, Australia.		1										Australia			Esperance	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4D7330FF66CD90BCDAD853#3B05947C0C4E7330FF36C993BE8DD9B8				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F.mc.3B05947C0C4E7330FF36CB75BEDBDB1E	03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Río Negro, San Antonio Oueste		1											Rio Negro		San Antonio Oueste	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F#3B05947C0C4E7330FF36CB75BEDBDB1E				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F.mc.3B05947C0C4E7330FD1DCB75BF88DB1E	03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F.taxon				holotype	Bahía, Argentina		1										Argentina	Bahia		Bahia	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4E7330FF66C8ABBCCBDA6F#3B05947C0C4E7330FD1DCB75BF88DB1E				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4E7331FF66CF4FBD3ED995.mc.3B05947C0C4E7330FF36CE19BEF5DE22	03C42F370C4E7331FF66CF4FBD3ED995.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Naturalist’s Channel, Australia.		1										Australia			Naturalist's Channel	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4E7331FF66CF4FBD3ED995#3B05947C0C4E7330FF36CE19BEF5DE22				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813.mc.3B05947C0C487336FF36C9D0BF35D875	03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Bunaken, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.		1										Indonesia	North Sulawesi		Bunaken	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813#3B05947C0C487336FF36C9D0BF35D875				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813.mc.3B05947C0C487336FF36C84ABFC7D813	03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813.taxon					confirm this synonymy (H. Hamilton, in litt. to SL and RP, 13 Feb 2015).		1	2015-02-13										Hamilton		Hamilton	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4F7336FF66CD16BFC7D813#3B05947C0C487336FF36C84ABFC7D813				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48.mc.3B05947C0C487336FF36CB53BEA4DBF8	03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Loyalty Islands (holotype)		1											Loyalty Islands		Loyalty Islands	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48#3B05947C0C487336FF36CB53BEA4DBF8				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48.mc.3B05947C0C487336FD5FCB53BD2EDBD5	03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48.taxon				paratype	Loyalty Islands and Province Nord, Grand Terre, New Caledonia (paratypes)		1										New Caledonia	Loyalty Islands		Grand Terre	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C487336FF66C8E6BFE0DA48#3B05947C0C487336FD5FCB53BD2EDBD5				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C487337FF66CFAEBE8ADCAD.mc.3B05947C0C497337FF36CD94BE58DDB9	03C42F370C487337FF66CFAEBE8ADCAD.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Grenada, West Indies.		1										Grenada	West		West	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C487337FF66CFAEBE8ADCAD#3B05947C0C497337FF36CD94BE58DDB9				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C497337FF66CF24B9B7DEE6.mc.3B05947C0C497337FF36CFCDBE8BDF96	03C42F370C497337FF66CF24B9B7DEE6.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Derawan Island, Kalimantan		1										Iceland	Kalimantan		Kalimantan	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C497337FF66CF24B9B7DEE6#3B05947C0C497337FF36CFCDBE8BDF96				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4A7335FF66CAFDB9AED856.mc.3B05947C0C4B7335FF36C9B8BEC4D9C2	03C42F370C4A7335FF66CAFDB9AED856.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Totomi Bay, off Hamamatsu, Japan.		1										Japan	Bay		Hamamatsu	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4A7335FF66CAFDB9AED856#3B05947C0C4B7335FF36C9B8BEC4D9C2				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CB4DBE4DDB16	03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Sapeh Strait, Indonesia.		1										Indonesia			Sapeh Strait	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5#3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CB4DBE4DDB16				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CF60BCEDDF95	03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.taxon	ZMA 114.473		ZMA	holotype	Notes. The type specimens of H. spinosissimus are surprisingly small, yet they are males with fully developed pouches. They also have clear nose spines, double cheek spines, and all body spines are approximately equally developed. A third specimen labelled as ‘ type’ (ZMA 114.473) had single cheek spines. Lourie et al. (1999) used this name to refer to spiny seahorses from across Southeast Asia, even though the latter frequently lacked a nose spine		1		Lourie & Southeast Asia									A		They	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5#3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CF60BCEDDF95				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C4B733AFF10CFCFB972D8E5	03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5.taxon	BOLD 2016		BOLD	holotype	No genetic data are available from the type specimens. Morphological and genetic data do not support the distinctness of H. queenslandicus nor H. semispinosus from what is understood as H. spinosissimus by Lourie et al. (1999) (Teske et al. 2007 c; BOLD 2016; Appendix N; see also Zhang et al. 2014). Admittedly there exists variation in spine development and colour pattern among H. spinosissimus specimens and genetic data indicate that haplotype diversity is high, with three major lineages, two of which are broadly sympatric and one that is restricted to the central Philippines (Lourie et al. 2005). However, the genetic divergence among specimens of H. spinosissimus examined from Australia, Malaysia and the Philippines is only 0.82 % (648 bp, CO 1) (BOLD 2016), and the average cytochrome b sequence divergence among 172 specimens from 29 populations is only 1.3 % (Lourie et al. 2005). At present we suggest that the variation represents polymorphism within a single species, rather than different species, however further investigation is warranted. Kuiter (2009) and Allen & Erdmann (2012) identify spiny Southeast Asian seahorses variously as H. arnei (see comments under H. barbouri), H. alatus, H. moluccensis (see comments under H. kuda), and H. polytaenia. The illustration of H. polytaenia (Bleeker, 1983) does show markings and moderately developed spines that are reminiscent of H. spinosissimus, however the type specimens conform to H. kuda (SL pers. obs.). Hippocampus alatus is tentatively synonymised here on the basis of morphological similarity, pending further work (especially genetics) (see Appendix N).		172		Appendix N & Lourie & At & Kuiter & Allen & Erdmann & Southeast Asian & The								Australia	No	Lourie	Morphological	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5#3B05947C0C4B733AFF10CFCFB972D8E5				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C44733AFF66C8F3BE1EDE13.mc.3B05947C0C44733AFF36CF0EBEE2DF57	03C42F370C44733AFF66C8F3BE1EDE13.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Swan River, Western Australia.		1											Western Australia		Swan River	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C44733AFF66C8F3BE1EDE13#3B05947C0C44733AFF36CF0EBEE2DF57				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C45733BFF66C9B8B944DECF.mc.3B05947C0C45733BFF36C899BDC3D8A2	03C42F370C45733BFF66C9B8B944DECF.taxon				holotype	Type locality. China Seas.		1										China			China	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C45733BFF66C9B8B944DECF#3B05947C0C45733BFF36C899BDC3D8A2				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C467338FF66C9B8B972D8C6.mc.3B05947C0C467338FF36C809BEB8D852	03C42F370C467338FF66C9B8B972D8C6.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Poivre Atoll, Seychelles.		1										Seychelles			Poivre Atoll	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C467338FF66C9B8B972D8C6#3B05947C0C467338FF36C809BEB8D852				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D.mc.3B05947C0C467338FF36CC84BFBDDCA9	03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.		1										Australia	New South Wales		Sydney Harbour	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D#3B05947C0C467338FF36CC84BFBDDCA9				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D.mc.3B05947C0C467338FF66CCDCBE30DF1D	03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D.taxon				holotype	Notes. Meristic and morphological data do not separate purported H. procerus from H. whitei (Appendix O), nor do genetics. Four specimens from Moreton Bay (the type locality for H. procerus) included three haplotypes, each of which was identical to a haplotype from Sydney Harbour (type locality for H. whitei) (H. Hamilton, in litt. to SL and RP, 13 Feb 2015).		1	2015-02-13	Notes. Meristic & Appendix O & Four									Bay		Bay	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C467338FF66CDD7BE30DF1D#3B05947C0C467338FF66CCDCBE30DF1D				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C477339FE1FCD89BEBFDD89	03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.taxon				paratype	Paratype: AMS IB. 2819. Type locality. Gillett Cay, Swain Reefs		1											Cay		Swain Reefs	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5#3B05947C0C477339FE1FCD89BEBFDD89				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C477339FD7FCDE4BFB4DD89	03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.taxon				paratype	Queensland, Australia.		1										Australia	Queensland		Queensland	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5#3B05947C0C477339FD7FCDE4BFB4DD89				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.mc.3B05947C0C40733EFF36C9F0B820D8E5	03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5.taxon				paratype	Notes. Some specimens of H. trimaculatus have zebra-stripes, however these can be separated from H. zebra on the basis of meristic counts (Appendix D) and their less distinct coronet (Lourie et al. 2004). Note that the paratype of H. zebra is one such misidentification. Specimens from the west coast of Australia described as H. montebelloensis by Kuiter (2001) have identical meristic data, and underwater photographs show distinct zebrastriped specimens supporting synonymization. No genetic data are yet available.		1		Notes. Some & Appendix D & Lourie & Note								Australia	No	Specimens	Kuiter	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C47733EFF66CD37B820D8E5#3B05947C0C40733EFF36C9F0B820D8E5				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A.mc.3B05947C0C40733EFF36CBABBEA1DBF0	03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A.taxon				holotype	Type locality. Laguna Grande, Pensacola		1											Laguna		Pensacola	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A#3B05947C0C40733EFF36CBABBEA1DBF0				MaterialCitation		
03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A.mc.3B05947C0C40733EFD54CBABBEC1DBF0	03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A.taxon				holotype	Florida		1											Florida		Florida	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C40733EFF66C8FEBEBFDA1A#3B05947C0C40733EFD54CBABBEC1DBF0				MaterialCitation		
