identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C4DE497079FFC4FF2A27972B19FC06.text	03C4DE497079FFC4FF2A27972B19FC06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lernanthropus hexodonis Kovaleva 2025	<div><p>Lernanthropus hexodonis Kovaleva, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–3)</p><p>Lernanthropus nemipteri: Kazachenko et al. 2018: 35; 2020:18; Hà et al. 2020: 212-214. Misidentification.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ from Nemipterus hexodon ( Nemipteridae), Vietnam, Nha Trang (South China Sea), 13.X.2017, 1 ♀ in 1 of 5 examined fishes, gill lobes, collected by V.N. Kazachenko, [EATB].</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of the new species easily differs from those of other species by the following characters: setules on the antennule are thick, in the form of cylinder (Fig. 2D,E); smaller lobe maxillule tipped with 2 spiniform elements (Fig. 3B,C). Male is unknown.</p><p>Description of female holotype. Body relatively strong and thick (Figs 1A–F, 2A–C). Female body comprising cephalothorax, trunk and small urosome completely concealed beneath dorsal trunk plate. Body length 3.03 mm (from anterior rim of head to end of dorsal trunk plate). Cephalothorax fused with first thoracic segment, separated from trunk by a distinct partition. Cephalothorax 0.75x 0.83 mm. From top of cephalothorax, on anterior margin, there are two conical projections and a small hard shield. From base, hard shield descends, forming margins and a second hard shield. Lateral margins of cephalothorax form rounded, ventrally directed lobes. Antennule is located between conical projections and hard shield (Fig. 2A,E). On dorsal side, second and third thoracic segments of trunk are separated dorsally into two distinct segments (Fig. 2C). Posterior part (fourth pedigerous somite) covered by dorsal trunk plate. Dorsal trunk plate entirely concealing urosome and 4–5 legs in dorsal view. Urosome comprising fifth pedigerous somite, genital complex and abdomen, all fused. Trunk without dorsal trunk plate 0.68х 0.62 mm and width with protopodites 3 legs 2.37 mm. Dorsal trunk plate abruptly constricted at two-thirds of its distance from base, and further on narrows to end in a distinctly bilobed broad apex. Protopodites 3rd legs are formed on sides of front part of trunk (second and third pedigerous somites), very similar to plates, placed obliquely and projecting slightly forwards and considerably backwards (Figs 1 A–C,E, 2A,C). Dorsal trunk plate and protopodites of 3rd legs rigid, ornamented with spinules in dorsally. Dorsal trunk plate 1.60х 1.12 mm. Protopodites of 3rd legs 1.25 (0.83) mm. Fifth thoracic segment is fused with genital complex. Abdomen bearing paired caudal rami. Genital complex and abdomen 1-segmented.Abdomen 0.07х 0.12 mm. Paired caudal rami elongate, narrowing progressively distally; indistinctly 3-segmented; densely ornamented with setae (Fig. 3K). Paired caudal rami 0.10х 0.03mm. First segment armed with two bristles on proximal part; second segment armed with two bristles of unequal length; distal end of third segment armed with two bristles. Egg sac not seen.</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 2D,E) distinctly 7-segmented; some segments with irregular cuticular thickening; setal formula: 0, thick in form of a cylinder 1+ 2, thick in form of a cylinder 2+1, 2, thick in form of a cylinder 1, 4+thick in form of a cylinder 2, thick in form of a cylinder 3+1. Parabasal flagellum (Fig. 2G) with swollen base and slender, short, slightly curved distal part; located at base of conical processes between antennule and antenna (Fig. 2F,G). Antenna (Fig. 2I) massive, 2-segmented; first segment armed with papilliform element proximally on medial surface, second segment armed with small process. Postantennal proces s (Fig. 3A) is situated just posterior to antenna, towards lateral margin of anteroventral cephalic region, horseshoe shape without ornamentation. Mandible stylet like, armed with 8 marginal teeth distally (Fig. 2H). Maxillule (Fig. 3B,C) bilobate; smaller outer lobe (palp) tipped with unequal 2 setal elements; larger inner lobe (praecoxa) bearing 3 unequal hirsute elements apically. Maxilla (Fig. 3D,E) 2- segmented, comprising proximal syncoxa (lacertus) and distal basis (brachium); basis bearing prominent scattered sharp teeth, ornamented with patch of spinules distally and bearing bifid element plus process originating adjacent to terminal claw; claw ornamented with sharp denticles along both edges. Maxilliped (Fig. 3F) 3-segmented, proximal segment decorated with fine spinules, robust with small myxal process; claw strongly curved. Last segment is short and unarmed. Leg 1 with protopodal part fused to somite; members of leg pair joined by slender intercoxal sclerite (Fig. 3G). Each leg biramous; rami 1-segmented; basipod and both rami carry prominent scattered sharp teeth. Exopod broad, is roughly rectangular and its oblique distal border carries five subequal bilaterally barbed teeth. Endopod pear-shaped, bearing single terminal seta. On inner margin of basipodite there is a tubercle with a spine. Leg 2 (Fig. 3H) biramous with 1-segmented rami; mounted on inflated subspheri cal prominence derived from incorporated protopod and armed with outer seta; lacking intercoxal sclerite; exopod represented by rod-like process bearing 2 conical spines; both rami ornamented with spinules. Leg 3 (Figs 1D, 2B) biramous, are modified into large U-shaped laminae by complete fusion of rami, comprising a large lateral, fleshy lamella (exopod) and inner lobes are linguiform a small, blunt process (endopod) fused along medial margin with other member of same pair. Leg 4 (Fig. 3I) biramous with both rami forming elongate flattened processes, proximal part broader but tapering in distal half to narrower distal part; lobes of similar length but outer (exopodal) lobe slightly longer than inner (endopodal). Leg 5 represented by small lobe bearing single seta on apex (Fig. 3J). Male. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the species name of its only known host.</p><p>Remarks. The new species most closely resembles Lernanthropus caudatus Wilson, 1922, L. longilamina Pearse, 1951, L. kazachenkoi sp. nov., L. manicatus Wilson, 1935, L. marginatus sp. nov., L. nemipteri, Lernanthropus pagelli Krøyer, 1863, and L. scribae Krøyer, 1863 . These species are similar in external body structure, with the sides of the second and third thoracic segments forming protopodites of 3rd leg that resemble plates, wings, or lateral margins that extend into long posterolateral processes.</p><p>Differs from L. caudatus by shape of dorsal trunk plate; mainly in the structure of antennule; antenna; maxillule; maxilla; leg 2. L. caudatus lacks a parabasal flagellum, whereas L. hexodonis sp. nov. has one. L. longilamina differs from L. hexodonis sp. nov. in the shape of the cephalothorax. In L. longilamina the antennule is 6-segmented, and in the new species – 7-segmented. Second segment of antennae of L. longilamina have two small process in the middle, while L. hexodonis sp. nov. has one. L. longilamina exopodite leg 2 ornamented with spinules with one conical spine, and one long setae on endopodite, whereas the new species bears two conical spines on distal end of exopodite, endopodite unarmed. Exopodite of leg 4 in L. longilamina bears abearing a short spine at distal end, in L. hexodonis sp. nov. spine are absent.</p><p>In L. hexodonis sp. nov. the second and third thoracic segments of the trunk are separated on the dorsal side, whereas in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. and L. marginatus sp. nov. they are fused. Differs from L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. in the structure of the antennule. Postantennal process in horseshoe shape in L. hexodonis sp. nov. and in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. two discs are crescent shaped and connected. In L. hexodonis sp. nov. antenna 2-segmented, second segment armed with small process, whereas in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. 4-segmented, second segment armed with 4 spines, distal part with circular ridges of different size. The most readily observable difference between L. hexodonis sp. nov. and L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. is structure of maxillule: in L. hexodonis sp. nov. comprising small inner lobe tipped with two spiniform elements, whereas L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. has one. The species L. hexodonis sp. nov. and L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. can be distinguished by the structure of the maxilla: in L. hexodonis sp. nov. it bears a bifid element plus a process originating adjacent to the terminal claw, whereas L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. it is ornamented with a slender process; the first segment of maxillipede decorated with fine spinules in L. hexodonis sp. nov. and in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. unornamented; in L. hexodonis sp. nov. the exopodite of the 2nd leg is armed at the distal end with 2 conical spines, whereas in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. four conical spines are present; paired caudal rami of L. hexodonis sp. nov. are densely ornamented with setae, whereas those of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. are unornamented; leg 5 single seta on apex in L. hexodonis sp. nov., in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. seta are no bristles.</p><p>The new species differs from L. manicatus in several characters: dorsal trunk plate ends in a distinctly bilobed broad apex and in L. manicatus without bilobed apex; exopod 1st leg armed with five barbed teeth, L. manicatus has six spines; exopodite of 2nd leg armed at distal end with 2 conical spines, whereas in L. manicatus four small, and endopodite with one stout spine. The 4th legs of L. hexodonis sp. nov. barely reaches the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate, whereas in L. manicatus the protruding exopods are considerably longer than the endopods and protrude behind the dorsal trunk plate for a third of their length, while only the extreme tips of the endopods are visible on the dorsal trunk plate.</p><p>Shape of the cephalothorax allows to distinguish L. hexodonis sp. nov. from L. marginatus sp. nov. Antennules of L. hexodonis sp. nov. are 7-segmented and have a thin and a thick cylindrical setal, whereas those of L. marginatus sp. nov. are 8-segmented and all thin. Maxillule in L. hexodonis sp. nov. has a small inner lobe with two spiniform elements, whereas L. marginatus has one. Exopodite of the maxillule of L. hexodonis sp. nov. has no small spines, unlike L. marginatus sp. nov., which is covered with them. Endopodite of the 1st leg of L. hexodonis sp. nov. is armed with a long, curved terminal seta, whereas this seta is absent in L. marginatus sp. nov. In L. hexodonis sp. nov. the exopodite of the 2nd leg is armed at the distal end with 2 conical spines, whereas in L. marginatus sp. nov. there are five.</p><p>The new species can be readily distinguished from L. nemipteri by the shape of the cephalothorax. There is a marked difference between L. hexodonis sp. nov. and L. nemipteri in the shape of the cephalothorax, and in the structure of the antennule. in L. hexodonis sp. nov. the antennule is 7-segmented, with 9 thick cylindrical bristles and 10 thin bristles, and in L. manicatus it is 8-segmented, are missing their thick cylindrical bristles. L. nemipteri differs from the new species by maxillule has a small inner lobe with one a spiniform element. Third maxilliped segment of L. hexodonis sp. nov. is short and unarmed, and in L. nemipteri carries a prominent blunt accessory process. Endopodite of the 1st leg in the new species is armed with a long curved terminal seta, whereas that of L. nemipteri has a short spine. In L. hexodonis sp. nov. exopodite 2nd leg at distal end carries two chitinous spines, one of which is twice as long as other, whereas those of L. nemipteri exopod with five small spines. 5th leg in L. hexodonis sp. nov. representing a short cylindrical fleshy process with a long seta, in L. nemipteri unarmed.</p><p>The new species can be distinguished from L. pagelli by the shape of the cephalothorax: cephalothorax with a small notch on the sides, which lacks in L. hexodonis sp. nov. L. pagelli has a pair of rather large, ovoid projections between the maxilla and maxilliped, which are armed with a pair of small spines, whereas L. hexodonis sp. nov., L. kazachenkoi sp. nov., L. marginatus sp. nov. do not have such projections. During the study of the family Lernanthropidae, I did not come across such growths, perhaps Krøyer was describing postantennal process, which are present in our new species. 4th legs of L. hexodonis sp. nov. reach the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate, branching without spines at the distal ends, and in L. pagelli they reach the end of the dorsal trunk plate, the outer branch at the distal end has a small spike. 5th leg in L. hexodonis sp. nov has a long seta at the distal end, in L. pagelli unarmed.</p><p>The new species differs from L. scribae differs by the following: 1) L. scribae it has a small notch on the sides of the cephalothorax, while L. hexodonis sp. nov. has no; 2) in L. scribae posterior edges of the dorsal trunk plate without bilobed apex, and in the new species dorsal trunk plate is sharply narrowed at two thirds of the distance from the base, ending in a distinct bilobed apex.</p><p>Pillai (1985) stated that the lateral plates (elytra) formed on the sides of the second and third thoracic segments of the trunk, arranged obliquely, directed anteriorly and considerably posteriorly, are enlarged protopodites of the 3rd legs. I agree with this opinion. In L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. and L. marginatus sp. nov., the protopodites of the 3rd legs are folded along the body, but sometimes they come out at right angle to the body axis at the same level as the dorsal surface in the species L. hexodonis sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A,D). The same configuration of protopodites of the 3rd legs was described by Wilson (1935). The dorsal plate is also similar to that in species from the genus Aethon .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4DE497079FFC4FF2A27972B19FC06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kovaleva, Nina N.	Kovaleva, Nina N. (2025): Three new species of Lernanthropus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 5691 (2): 312-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6
03C4DE49707EFFCBFF2A25B22B31FC21.text	03C4DE49707EFFCBFF2A25B22B31FC21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lernanthropus kazachenkoi Kovaleva 2025	<div><p>Lernanthropus kazachenkoi Kovaleva, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 4–7)</p><p>Lernanthropus nemipteri: Kazachenko et al. 2018: 35; 2020:18; Hà et al. 2020: 212-214. Misidentification.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ from Nemipterus marginatus ( Nemipteridae), Vietnam, Hai Phong ( Gulf of Tonkin), 12.IV.2016, female in 1 of 3 examined fishes, gill lobes, collected by V.N. Kazachenko, [EATB].</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of the new species easily differs from those of other species by the following characters: fourth and fifth antennules ornamented with dense surface covering of long setules (Figs 6D, 7A); second antenna 4-segmented (Fig. 6F,H); egg sacs loosely proximal straight and then begin to curl between the fourth pair of legs (Fig. 6B,C). Male is unknown.</p><p>Description of female holotype. Body relatively strong and thick, strongly convex both dorsally and ventrally (Figs 4A–C, 6A–C). Length 3.65 mm (from anterior rim of head to end of dorsal trunk plate). Cephalon is fused with first trunk segment to form a cephalothorax. Body comprising cephalothorax and trunk. Cephalothorax sub quadrangular; longer than wide with almost linear lateral margins narrowing anteriorly towards short frontal margin (Figs 4A, 6A); with distinct dorsal cephalothoracic shield. Cephalothorax 1х 0.95 mm. From the top of cephalothorax, on anterior margin, there are two conical projections and a small hard shield; from base, hard shield descends, forming margins and a second hard shield. Lateral margins of cephalothorax are directed ventrally. Antennule is located between conical projections and hard shield (Figs 6A, 7A). Trunk distinctly wider than cephalothorax: second and third trunk segments form anterior part of trunk and 1 well-defined dorsal tergites derived from second and third pedigerous somites. Protopodites of 3rd legs are formed on sides of front part of trunk (second and third pedigerous somites); very similar to plates, placed obliquely and projecting slightly forwards and considerably backwards (Figs 4A,C, 6A,C). Protopodites of 3rd legs 1.60х 1.05 mm. Dorsal trunk plate covering fourth pedigerous somite and entire urosome. Urosome comprising fifth pedigerous somite, genital complex and abdomen, all fused; bearing paired, elongate caudal rami on ventral surface. Trunk without dorsal trunk plate 0.75x 1.80 mm. Entire dorsal surface of trunk ornamented with cuticular tubercles. Dorsal trunk plate 1.90х 1.25 mm, abruptly constricted at two-thirds of its distance from base, and further on narrows to end in a distinctly bilobed broad apex. Paired caudal rami elongate, tapering tip; 3-segmented (Fig. 7J). Genital complex and abdomen with caudal rami covered by 3rd legs whose branches are fused in middle. Abdomen 1-segmented, rounded. Caudal rami each with six bare setae. Egg sacs are loosely proximal straight and then begin to curl between fourth pair of legs, wrapping around them (Fig. 6B,C). Antennule (Figs 6D, E, 7A) distinctly 7–segmented, 4 and 5 segments covered with dense long setules, some segments with irregular cuticular thickening; setal formula: 0, 1, 4, 3, 0, 12. Parabasal flagellum curved, with broad base tapering towards slender tip (Fig. 6K). Parabasal flagellum is located between antennules and antennae, near conical processes. Antenna (Figs 5, 6F–J) 4-segmented; body robust; proximal segment with papillary element; second segment armed with four spines, distal part with circular ridges of different size; other segments unarmed. Postantennal process (Fig. 7B) located just posterior to antenna, towards lateral margin of anteroventral cephalic region; two discs are crescent shaped and connected to each other. Mandible slender, stylet-like, armed with eight marginal teeth distally (Fig. 6L). Maxillule (Fig. 7C) bilobate, comprising small inner lobe tipped with one spiniform element and larger outer lobe; lobe armed with three unequal spiniform elements. Maxilla (Fig. 7D) 2-segmented; comprising proximal syncoxa (lacertus) and distal basis (brachium); basis ornamented with claw-like process distally, ornamented with patch of spinules distally; terminal claw armed with sharp denticles on inner surface. Maxilliped (Fig. 7E) 3-segmented, proximal segment unarmed with stout calf. Third segment without spines; shortest and strongly curved. Leg 1 robust, members of leg pair joined by intercoxal sclerite (Fig. 7F). Each leg biramous with stout inner spine on basis; basis ornamented with patches of spinules: exopod 1-segmented, armed with 5 robust terminal spines and ornamented with spinules distally; endopod 1-segmented, armed with very long terminal seta about 2 times longer than segment, and ornamented with spinules. Leg 2 forming large ventrally directed lobe (Fig. 7G) derived from protopod armed with outer seta, and carrying small, 1-segmented rami distally; lacking intercoxal sclerite; exopod armed with four vestigial spines; endopod lobate, unarmed. Leg 3 (Figs 4B, 6B) very large, biramous, modified by complete fusion of rami into large U-shaped lamellae, with branches almost equally fused in the middle. Composed of a large, fleshy lateral lamella (exopod) and a small, blunt process (endopod) fused along medial margin with another member of same pair. Protopod of 3rd leg projecting as large lobes on either side of trunk. Leg 4 (Fig. 7H) foliaceous and biramous; protopod short and narrow; both rami highly flattened and divisible into lamellate, broad basal part and filiform, narrow distal part; outer (exopodal) lobe slightly longer than inner (endopodal). Leg 5 reduced to short conical process, unarmed (Fig. 7I). Male. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the scientist, my teacher, Prof. Vasili N. Kazachenko (1940– 2024), who studied parasitic copepods of fishes.</p><p>Remarks. Lernanthropus kazachenkoi sp. nov. most closely resembles L. caudatus, L. longilamina, L. hexodonis sp. nov., L. manicatus, L. marginatus sp. nov., L. nemipteri, L. pagelli, and L. scribae . Distinguishing features between all new species described here are mentioned above in the differential diagnosis of L. hexodonis sp. nov.</p><p>The following characters differ the new species from L. caudatus: the distal part of the dorsal trunk plate narrows sharply at two thirds of the distance from the base, ending in a distinctly bilobed apex, and in L. caudatus it is uniformly and smoothly rounded; 4 and 5 segments of the antennule ornamented with a dense surface covering of long setules, whereas L. caudatus lacks such setules; the new species has a parabasal flagellum, whereas L. caudatus lacks one; the antenna is 4-segmented, the second segment armed with four spines, in L. caudatus 2-segmented and the second segment with a single spike at the base on the inner edge of the claw.</p><p>The new species differs from L. longilamina in the shape of the cephalothorax. Antennule of the new species is 7-segmented, whereas L. longilamina is 6-segmented. The new species differs from L. longilamina in the antenna structure: L. longilamina is 2-segmented and L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. is 4-segmented.</p><p>L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. resembles L. manicatus in general appearance and size, but a number of features prevent it from being placed in the same species: in the new species, the dorsal trunk plate ends with a clearly bilobed apex, whereas in L. manicatus the posterior margin of the dorsal plate is flat, without notches; L. manicatus antennule 2-segmented, second segment with one spike at base on inner margin of claw, and L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. 4-segmented, the second segment armed with four spines; the exopodite of the 1st leg of L. manicatus has six spines at the distal end, whereas L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. has five spines; 4th legs in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. barely reach the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate, in L. manicatus they protrude behind the dorsal trunk plate for a third of their length.</p><p>L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. differs from L. marginatus sp. nov. in the form of Antennule structure: L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. is 7-segmented, 4 and 5 segments ornamented with a large numerous long, thin setules, and L. marginatus sp. nov. is 8-segmented and segment 4 and 5 is unornamented with a large numerous long, thin setules. In L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. antennule 4-segmented, and L. marginatus sp. nov. 2-segmented. In L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. postantennal process in shape of two discs that are crescent and connected each other whereas in L. marginatus sp. nov. in horseshoe shape. In L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. second segment maxillae is armed with a spike, and in L. marginatus sp. nov. is armed bifurcated spike. Endopodite 1st leg of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. is armed with a long spike, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. is unarmed. Exopodite 2nd leg of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. is armed with four small spines, and in L. marginatus sp. nov. is armed with five. Egg sacs of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. are twisted between the fourth pair of legs, which in L. marginatus sp. nov. egg sacs linear and thick, longer than dorsal trunk plate.</p><p>The new species resembles L. nemipteri in general appearance, but differs in details of limb structure: first and second trunks are dorsally fused, and in L. nemipteri they are separated; antennule in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. 7- segmented, as L. nemipteri has an 8-segmented antennule; L. kazachenkoi sp. nov., fourth and fifth antennal segments ornamented with a dense surface covering of long setules, which L. nemipteri lacks. absent in L. nemipteri; antenna of the new species is 4-segmented and the second segment is armed with four spines, whereas in L. nemipteri it is 2-segmented and the second segment has one spine; third segment of maxilliped in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. without appendicular process, and in L. nemipteri with conspicuous blunt appendicular process; egg sacs of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. are twisted between the fourth pair of legs, which in L. nemipteri are comparatively short but stout, direct, not reaching the distal border of the dorsal trunk plate.</p><p>As far as the general appearance is concerned, L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. resembles L. pagelli . However, L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. differs from L. pagelli by the folloing: 1) L. pagelli has a small notch on the sides of the cephalothorax, L. kazachenko i sp. nov. does not; 2) dorsal trunk plate of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. forms a notch at the posterior margin, whereas in L. pagelli the notch is practically invisible; 3) in L. pagelli, the exopodite of the fourth leg bears a small spike at the distal end, and in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. without a spike.</p><p>New species is closer to L. scribae . Nevertheless, L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. can be easily separated from L. scribae by the following: 1) in L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. the lateral margins of the cephalothorax are flat, and in L. scribae there is a small notch on the sides of the cephalothorax; 2) dorsal trunk plate of L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. ends in a distinct bilobed apex, and in L. scribae the posterior edges of the dorsal trunk plate lack a bilobed apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4DE49707EFFCBFF2A25B22B31FC21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kovaleva, Nina N.	Kovaleva, Nina N. (2025): Three new species of Lernanthropus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 5691 (2): 312-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6
03C4DE497072FFCFFF2A26D32A4EFA45.text	03C4DE497072FFCFFF2A26D32A4EFA45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lernanthropus marginatus Kovaleva 2025	<div><p>Lernanthropus marginatus Kovaleva, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8–11)</p><p>Lernanthropus nemipteri: Kazachenko et al. 2018: 35; 2020:18; Hà et al. 2020: 212-214. Misidentification.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ from Nemipterus marginatus ( Nemipteridae), Vietnam, Hai Phong ( Gulf of Tonkin), 12.IV.2016, female in 1 of 3 examined fishes, gill lobes, collected by V.N. Kazachenko, [EATB].</p><p>Diagnosis. Female of the new species can be distinguished from those of other species by the combination of the following characters: the antennule 8-segmented (Fig. 10E,F); the postantennal process horseshoe shape (Fig. 10J); the maxillule with the endopodite at apex with 1 spike (Fig. 11B), and the exopodite covered with small spines; the endopodite of the leg 1 is unarmed (Fig. 11E,F); the exopodite of the leg 2 is armed with five spikes (Fig. 11G); the leg 5 with spike (Fig. 11J); the egg sacs linear and thick, longer than dorsal trunk plate (Fig. 10A–D).</p><p>Description of female holotype. Body is stocky and rather thick (Figs 8A–C, 9, 10A–D), comprising cephalothorax, trunk and small urosome concealed beneath dorsal trunk plate. Trunk wider than cephalothorax, first thoracic segment is part of cephalothorax. Cephalothorax about as long as wide; lateral margins slightly convex in dorsal view and produced ventrally and anteriorly into conspicuous “horns” either side of frontal margin; with large, ventrally produced lateral flaps. From top of cephalothorax, on anterior margin, there is small hard shield. From base, hard shield descends, forming margins and a second hard shield. Antennules are located between anterolateral parts of cephalothorax and chitinous shield (Fig. 10A,F). Trunk carries dorsally single small, convex and single large, semicircular dorsal trunk plate. Second to third trunk somites completely fused, laterally forming protopodites of 3rd legs. Fourth thoracic segments form a swollen trunk with a dorsal trunk plate. Dorsal trunk plate covering fourth pedigerous somite and entire urosome, at two-thirds of distance from base tapers sharply, ending in a distinctly bilobed broad apex. Entire dorsal surface dorsal trunk plate and protopodites of 3rd legs rigid and strongly sclerotized, ornamented externally with tubercles. Urosome consisting of fifth pedigerous somite, genital complex and abdomen, all fused together.Abdomen 1-segmented, rounded. Caudal rami paired, with bluntly rounded apex, 3-segmented and ornamented with short setules (Fig. 11K). First segment on proximal part is armed with two long, plumose setae and a bare bristle on distal end. Second segment at distal end is armed with single bristle located in middle. Two bristles are located apically at distal end of third segment. Egg sacs linear and thick, longer than dorsal trunk plate. Body total length 4 mm (from anterior rim of head to end of dorsal trunk plate). Cephalothorax 1.00х 0.95 mm. Trunk without dorsal trunk plate 1.00х 0.95 mm and width with protopodites of 3rd legs 2.10 mm. Dorsal trunk plate 2.05х 1.30 mm. Protopodites of 3rd legs 1.55–1.75 (1.65)х0.90–0.95 (0.93) mm. Genital complex 0.175х 0.25 mm. Abdomen 0.1х 0.25 mm. Caudal rami 0.13х 0.03 mm. Egg sacs 1.75–2.40 (2.07)х0.35–0.9 (0.63) mm. Antennule (Fig. 10E,F) 8-segmented with irregular cuticular thickening; setal formula: 0, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 0, 6. Parabasal flagellum with swollen base and long distal part, curved at tip (Fig. 10G,H); located near conical projections, between the antennule and the antenna (Fig. 10I). Antenna (Fig. 10K) 2-segmented, robust; first segment armed with papilliform element proximally on medial surface; second segment terminating in strongly recurved claw bearing spinous process proximally on concave margin. Postantennal process (Fig. 10J) is horseshoe shape without ornamentation, located just behind base of antennae. Mandible stylet-like, armed with eight marginal teeth distally (Fig. 11A). Maxillule (Fig. 11B) bilobate, smaller lobe tipped with one spiniform element; larger lobe tipped with three unequal spiniform elements distally and ornamented with surface spinules. Maxilla (Fig. 11C) 2-segmented,comprising massive lacertus (syncoxa) and long brachium (basis) terminating in apical claw-like element; brachium ornamented with patch of spinules and single bifid process distally; terminal claw armed with two rows of sharp denticles on inner surface. Maxilliped (Fig. 11D) 3-segmented, core segment comprising massive corpus, with papilliform element on medial surface, and distal subchela; second segment without spikes; third segment unarmed. Leg 1 with well defined protopod and members of leg pair joined by intercoxal sclerite: biramous (Fig. 11E,F) with strong inner spine on basis: rami 1-segmented: basipod and both rami carry prominent scattered sharp teeth. Exopod 1-segmented, armed with 5 robust terminal spines with denticulate margins; endopod 1-segmented, smoothly tapering to unarmed apex. Leg 2 (Fig. 11G) biramous with 1-segmented rami; mounted on inflated subspheri cal prominence derived from incorporated protopod and armed with outer seta; exopod represented by rod-like process bearing five blunt, conical spines; endopod lobate, unarmed; lacking intercoxal sclerite; both rami ornamented with spinules. Leg 3 biramous, large and modified into large U-shaped laminae by complete fusion of rami (Fig. 11H). Protopods enlarged into large elytra-like lobes, partially fused with trunk and extending anteriorly to posterior margin of cephalothorax; rigid and strongly sclerotized, ornamented externally with tubercles. Exopod fleshy lateral lamella and small (endopod) blunt process fused along medial margin with another member of same pair. Leg 4 (Fig. 11I) is modified into a pair of long bilobate processes; biramous; rami are fattened narrowing distalwards; lobes of similar length. Leg 5 (Fig. 11J) is a small blunt process with a short apical seta. Male. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the species name of its only known host.</p><p>Remarks. The complex of diagnostic characters (antennule, maxilla, 1st leg, 2nd leg, 4th leg, 5th leg) and external structure allows the newly described species to be easily distinguished from Lernanthropus caudatus, L. hexodonis sp. nov., L. longilamina, L. kazachenkoi sp. nov., L. manicatus, L. nemipteri, L. pagelli, and L. scribae .</p><p>L. marginatus sp. nov. is closely related to L. caudatus, from which it differs in the shape of the dorsal trunk plate: in L. caudatus, the distal part of the dorsal trunk plate is uniformly and smoothly rounded, and the new species at two-thirds of the distance from the base tapers sharply, ending in a distinctly bilobed broad apex. Antennule of the L. caudatus is 7-segmented, whereas new species is 8-segmented. L. caudatus lacks a parabasal flagellum, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. possesses one. The endopodite of the first leg in L. caudatus has a glabrous apical spike, unlike L. marginatus sp. nov., which is unarmed.</p><p>L. marginatus sp. nov. differs from L. kazachenkoi sp. nov. by the characters given above.</p><p>In L. marginatus sp. nov. the antennule is 8-segmented, and in L. longilamina it is 6-segmented. In the new species, the second antennal segment bears a small spike in the middle, whereas L. longilamina has two small spines. The endopodite of the first leg in L. longilamina is armed with a long, glabrous apical spike, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. has no spike. L. marginatus sp. nov. bears five chitinous spines on the distal end of the exopodite of the second leg, the endopodite is unarmed, and in L. longilamina the exopodite is covered with small bristles with one spine and one long spine on the endopodite. The exopodite of the 4th leg of L. longilamina has a short sharp spike at the distal end, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. has no spike. In L. marginatus sp. nov. the dorsal trunk plate terminates in a clearly bilobed apex, whereas in L. longilamina the posterior margin of the dorsal trunk plate is rounded.</p><p>L. marginatus sp. nov. resembles L. manicatus . The new species differs from L. manicatus in that the following: 1) the dorsal plate of L. marginatus sp. nov. has a notch on the posterior margin, which is absent in L. manicatus; 2) in the new species the exopodite of the 1st leg bears five spines at the distal end, in L. manicatus six spines; 3) in L. marginatus sp. nov. the endopodite of the 1st leg is without a spike, whereas in L. manicatus the endopodite is armed with a terminal spike; 4) exopodite of the 2nd leg in L. marginatus sp. nov. is armed with five spines at the distal end and the endopodite is not armed, as in L. manicatus the exopodite is armed with four small spines and the endopodite is bare; 5) in the new species 4th legs barely reach the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate, in L. manicatus they protrude a third of their length beyond the dorsal trunk plate.</p><p>The new species is very similar to L. nemipteri in general appearance and size, found also on a related host, but a number of features still prevent it from being attributed to the same species. In L. nemipteri, the second and third trunk compartments are divided dorsally into two distinct segments, and in L. marginatus sp. nov. they are undivided; L. nemipteri has the 3rd segment of the maxilliped distally strongly curved and carries a prominent blunt accessory process, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. does not; the endopodite of the 1st leg in L. nemipteri is armed with a short naked apical spike, whereas L. marginatus sp. nov. has no spike; 5th leg in L. nemipteri without spike, and in L. marginatus sp. nov. with terminal spike; egg sacs in L. nemipteri comparatively short but stout, just reaching the tip of the outer ramus of 4th legs, stopping far short of the tip of the dorsal trunk plate, while in L. marginatus sp. nov. longer than the dorsal trunk plate.</p><p>L. marginatus sp. nov. resembles L. pagelli in body structure, but it differs in the following: 1) dorsal trunk plate of new species forms a notch at posterior margin, whereas in L. pagelli, this notch is almost invisible; 2) in new species 4 leg reaches the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate, and in L. pagelli they reach the end of the dorsal trunk plate; 3) 5 leg with a terminal spike in new species, whereas unarmed in L. pagell .</p><p>L. marginatus sp. nov. resembles L. scribae in general appearance and size, but a number of features prevent it from being placed in the same species: 1) in L. scribae posterior edges of the dorsal trunk plate without bilobed apex, and in new species distal margin with conspicuous, deep medial sinus; 2) antennule in L. scribae 7-segmented, as L. marginatus sp. nov. has an 8-segmented antennule; 3) in L. scribae, the endopodite of the 1st leg is armed with a long, naked spike, whereas in L. marginatus sp. nov. no spike; 4) in L. scribae 4th legs reach the end of the dorsal trunk plate, whereas new species reaches the constriction of the dorsal trunk plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4DE497072FFCFFF2A26D32A4EFA45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kovaleva, Nina N.	Kovaleva, Nina N. (2025): Three new species of Lernanthropus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 5691 (2): 312-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.6
