identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C71F47FFD8FF9EDABCC0F8FD4DFEF3.text	03C71F47FFD8FF9EDABCC0F8FD4DFEF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachygamasus karuni Farahi & Shishehbor & Nemati & Witaliński 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trachygamasus karuni Farahi &amp; Witaliński sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figures 1–24)</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 396D61D8-4620-4E78-9701-CAA94B4614FD</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (female and male). Cuticle well sclerotised with many regularly distributed pits; podonotum with 23 pairs of setae (all four sets of normal setae present except setae r1), setae j4, z5 and r3 thickened and terminally pilose, seta j1 only moderately; opisthonotum with 24 setae and 2–3 lateral setae unidentifiable on each side, setae Z1, Z4 thicker and apically pilose; opisthogastric setae JV4, JV5 and ZV4 enlarged and terminally pilose, in females setae JV5 and ZV4 located on soft cuticle; gnathotectum trispinate with central prong broader and more solid than the lateral ones which are thin and acute, sometimes curved; gv1 gland pores not discernible; sternal poroid iv3 circular, pore iv5 followed laterally by three-opening gv2 gland.</p>
            <p>Female: epigynium bell-shaped with convex lateral margins and concave posterior margin; endogynium hyaline and poorly visible as axially elongated saccule.</p>
            <p>Male: presternal platelets large; genital lamina with bar-shaped anterior thickening and a hyaline protrusion directed anteriad; sternal setae st1 far from the anterior sternal margin; leg II with minute spurs: one on the femur and one on the genu, whereas none on the tibia.</p>
            <p>Description. Female (Figures 1–4, 6–13)</p>
            <p>Dorsal idiosoma (Figure 1A). Idiosoma well sclerotised, brownish and pyriform in outline, 485–560 long, 325–450 wide (n=6), holotype 560 long, 405 wide. Podonotum and opisthonotum separated by lines in cuticle behind podonotal setae. Cuticle with many regularly distributed pits. Dorsal setae simple, except j1, j4, r3, z5, Z1 and Z4 larger and terminally pilose (Figure 1B), seta j1 only moderately. Length of simple dorsal setae: 14–20, larger setae length: 22–27 (j1), 29–33 (j4), 42–47 (r3), 30–33 (z5), 31–34 (Z1), 29–37 (Z4). Length of peritrematal groove 258–275 (holotype 275); expanded behind coxa I, ending near podonotal seta z1 and poroid idj1 (Figures 2 and 3).</p>
            <p>Ventral idiosoma (Figure 2). Presternal plates (Figures 2 and 6) distinct, with anterior and lateral margins thickened. Tritosternum present, biramous. Sternal shield with moderately visible reticulation in the anterior part and two pairs of circular depressions posteriorly to the sternal poroids iv2, and behind st4 setae (Figures 2 and 7). Idiosoma margin behind anus convex.</p>
            <p>Genital region (Figures 2 and 7). Paragynia fused with the sternal shield. Poroids iv3 roundish, gv1 absent. Epigynal shield bell-shaped, with convex lateral margins and concave posterior margin; three pairs of thickenings, located in the central part of epigynium, are discernible (Figure 7). Endogynium (Figures 2, 7 and 8) hyaline, weakly visible as an axially oriented saccular structure, with thin arcuate lines located laterally. Poroids iv5 situated at some distance behind the posterior epigynal margin, gv2 gland with three openings.</p>
            <p>Setation of ventral idiosoma. Setae of sternogenital region — holotype: 20 (st1), 17 (st2), 18 (st3), 20 (st4), 21 (st5); paratypes: 18–25 (st1), 17–25 (st2), 16–20 (st3), 13–16 (st4), 16–18 (st5). Opisthogaster setae — holotype: 26 (JV1), 36 (JV2), 34 (JV3), 41 (JV4), 13 (ZV1), 37 (ZV2 and ZV3), 16 (Ad); paratypes: 21–25 (JV1), 27–35 (JV2), 29–35 (JV3), 32–38 (JV4), 10–14 (ZV1), 27–33 (ZV2), 26–34 (ZV3), 16–20 (Ad). Sternal and opisthogastric setae simple except JV4 enlarged and terminally pilose. Setae JV5 and ZV4 located on soft cuticle and similar to JV4.</p>
            <p> Gnathosoma (Figures 4, 9, 10). Gnathotectum trispinate (Figure 9), central prong with rounded apex, lateral prongs narrow and sharply pointed. Corniculi conical and short. Hypostome (Figure 4): hypognathal groove with 4–7 rows of denticles, hypostomatic and palpcoxal setae simple, internal posterior hypostomatic setae longer, i.e. ca. twice the length of the external posterior setae. Chelicera (Figure 10): fixed digit with one tooth in the front and three teeth behind pilus dentilis, the posterior tooth divided into two parts, anterior and posterior. Movable digit with three teeth, the proximal one largest. Palp trochanter with seta v1 and v2 simple. Setae al on palp femur and genu spatulate. </p>
            <p>Legs. Coxa I with a thickening indented at the level between setae v1 and v2 (Figure 11). Ambulacra of legs II–IV characteristic, i.e. anterior pulvilli irregular in shape, but terminally rounded, lateral pulvilli narrow, curved and acuminate (Figure 12). Leg chaetotaxy normal, all setae smooth and needle-like except for posterolateral and some posterodorsal setae on genu and tibia I, femur II, genu II and tibia II, as well as genu IV and tibia IV which are narrow, but terminally blunt (Figure 13). Other aspects of the leg structure and setation unremarkable.</p>
            <p>Male (Figures 5, 14–24)</p>
            <p>Dorsal idiosoma (Figure 14). Paratypes with holodorsal shield showing poorly discernible border between podonotum and opisthonotum. Idiosoma oval, well sclerotised and brown, 460–485 long, 260–315 wide, n=5. Dorsal setation as in female: podonotal setae simple except for j1, j4, r3 and z5. The length of simple podonotal setae 12–18, j 1 18–24, j 4 29–33, r3 39–42, z5 33. Opisthonotal setae as in the female. The length of simple opisthonotal setae is 13–16, Z 1 30–33, Z 4 21–26. Peritrematal groove 248–258 long, expanding to beyond coxa I. Cuticle shows many regularly distributed pits.</p>
            <p>Ventral idiosoma (Figure 15). Tritosternum absent, presternal plates large (Figures 15 and 16). Sternogenital shield anterior margin (Figures 15 and 16) with a concavity behind the genital lamina. Genital lamina shows a short posterior part covered with sternum; in its anterior part there are two lateral thickenings and a bar-shaped anterior thickening. Poorly visible, anteriorly protruded, apically barbed hyaline extension is present (Figure 16). Sternal setae simple and similar, their length: 17–21 (st1–st3), 16–17 (st4), 12–13 (st5); opisthogastric setae simple except for JV4, as well as JV5 and ZV4 which are larger and terminally pilose and located marginally, or setae JV5 even somewhat dorsally. Their length: 20–21 (JV1), 25–27 (JV2 and JV3), 29–33 (JV4, JV5, ZV4), 9–10 (ZV1), 24–27 (ZV2, ZV3), 12–14 (Ad). Sternal poroids iv3 circular. Idiosomal margin behind the anus is convex.</p>
            <p> Gnathosoma (Figure 5, 17–19). Gnathotectum trispinate (Figure 18), central prong larger than the lateral prongs and rounded terminally, ending with an additional pointed apex. Lateral prongs acuminate as in female. Corniculi (Figures 5 and 17) short and conical; hypognathal groove with 5–6 posterior rows of denticles (Figure 5). Hypostomatic and palpcoxal setae simple; internal posterior hypostomatics more than double length of external ones. Chelicera (Figure 19): fixed digit with two minute denticles in front of pilus dentilis and dentate lamellar ridge behind pilus dentilis. Movable digit with one tooth followed by a sinuous ridge. Palp trochanter (Figure 17) with a thickened ridge anteroventrally; seta v1 and v2 simple. Anterolateral setae on the palp femur and genu spatulate. </p>
            <p>Legs. Characteristic ambulacra of legs II–IV as in the female. Leg II (Figures 20–24) spurred as follows: the femur with one minute spur ventrally, genual spur located anteroventrally. Both spurs minute and conical. Posterolateral seta pl1 on the femur, posterolateral setae pl1 and pl2 on the genu and tibia, as well as posterodorsal setae pd1 on the genu and the tibia thickened and terminally pilose. The other setae on leg II simple. Some anterodorsal setae on femur IV and genu IV terminally blunt. Other aspects of the legs unremarkable.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  karuni refers to the Karun, Iran’s only navigable river, running along the sam- pling areas for the new species. </p>
            <p> Remarks. As shown in the key to  Trachygamasus species, the newly described species is morphologically similar to  T. borealis Ma &amp; Wang, 1996 ,  T. gerdi Witaliński, 2017 and  T. pseudogerdi Yao, Jin &amp; Zhang, 2019 .  Trachygamasus karuni can be easily distinguished from these species due to the characteristic sternal (paragynal) poroids iv3, which are roundish rather than elongate, as well as the shape of the saccular endogynium in the female. The males of the newly described species are distinguishable due to leg II spurs, one on femur II and one on genu II, but not on tibia II. To date,  T. karuni sp. nov. is the only  Trachygamasus this type of spur arrangement on leg II. </p>
            <p> The new species is the fifth species of  Trachygamasus showing spurs on leg II in the male. The others are  T. borealis Ma &amp; Wang ,  T. medianus Tichomirov ,  T. gerdi Witaliński, 2017 and  T. pseudogerdi Yao, Jin &amp; Zhang, 2019 . It should be emphasised that the spurs in  Trachygamasus males are minute, even if present, and thus may have been overlooked, especially in earlier descriptions. It is the fourth species with a characteristic, hyaline uniramous anterior protrusion of the male genital lamina. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C71F47FFD8FF9EDABCC0F8FD4DFEF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Farahi, Sara;Shishehbor, Parviz;Nemati, Alireza;Witaliński, Wojciech	Farahi, Sara, Shishehbor, Parviz, Nemati, Alireza, Witaliński, Wojciech (2019): Trachygamasus karuni sp. nov., a new mite species from Iran (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae). Zootaxa 4706 (3): 439-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.3.4
03C71F47FFD0FF9EDABCC2A7FA4AF91F.text	03C71F47FFD0FF9EDABCC2A7FA4AF91F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachygamasus Berlese 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the adults of  Trachygamasus species </p>
            <p>Females</p>
            <p>1. Central prong of gnathotectum distally widened and bifid or trifid apically........................................ 2</p>
            <p>- Central prong of gnathotectum acuminate, terminally pointed or rounded......................................... 8</p>
            <p> 2. All dorsal setae simple, seta al on palpfemur bifid......................................  T. macfarlanei Costa, 1962</p>
            <p>- Some dorsal setae pilose, seta al on palpfemur spatulate....................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Dorsal setae j1 feathered...........................................................  T. fallax Holzmann, 1969</p>
            <p>- Dorsal setae j1 simple.................................................................................. 4</p>
            <p> 4. Opisthonotum with 21 pairs of setae..................................................  T. biplumatus Karg, 1998</p>
            <p>- Opisthonotum with 12–18 pairs of setae................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Opisthonotum much narrow than podonotum, with 12 pairs of setae.................  T. hyalinus Yao, Jin &amp; Zhang, 2019</p>
            <p>- Opisthonotal width similar to width of podonotum, with 14-18 pairs of setae...................................... 6</p>
            <p> 6. Posterior margin of podonotum with convexity protruding into concavity in opisthonotal margin; opisthonotum with 14 pairs of setae................................................................  T. multisetus Yao, Jin &amp; Zhang, 2019</p>
            <p>- Posterior margin of podonotum straight or only sinuous; opisthonotum with 14–18 pairs of setae...................... 7</p>
            <p> 7. Length of idiosoma less than 500, opisthonotum with 14 pairs of setae, endogynium mushroom-shaped in outline, comprised of two circular parts as in  T. ambulacralis ............  T. gracilis (Karg, 1965) (=  T. minor Holzmann, 1969 . Karg, 1971) </p>
            <p> - Length of idiosoma exceeding 600, opisthonotum with 15–18 pairs of setae, endogynium ovate in outline, comprised of two circular parts, fused axially and forming the figure “8”.............................  T. ambulacralis (Willmann, 1949)</p>
            <p>8. Epigynium regular (equilateral) triangle with straight lateral margins; gnathotectum central prong narrow, similar to lateral ones................................................................................................ 9</p>
            <p>- Epigynium bell-shaped, with sinuous lateral margins, central prong of gnathotectum broader and more solid than the lateral prongs............................................................................................. 10</p>
            <p> 9. Sternal setae st2 simple and thin, distance between st2 greater than between st1; opisthogaster with seven pairs of setae, length of idiosoma 670–700..........................................................  T. medianus Tichomirov, 1977</p>
            <p> - Sternal setae st2 stout, distance between st2 smaller than between st1; opisthogaster with eight pairs of setae, length of idiosoma ca. 560..........................................................................  T. triangulus Karg, 1978</p>
            <p> 10. Distance between sternal setae st2 evidently greater than between st3; opisthogastric setae JV4 simple, similar to other ventral setae; epigynium width greater than length..........................  T. pusillus (Berlese, 1892) sensu Holzmann, 1969</p>
            <p>- Distance between sternal setae st2 similar to that between st3; opisthogastric setae JV4 enlarged and terminally pilose; epigynium width not greater than length....................................................................... 11</p>
            <p> 11. Paragynal poroid iv3 circular rather than elongate................................  T. karuni Farahi &amp; Witaliński, 1919</p>
            <p>- Paragynal poroid iv3 elongate, similar in shape to poroids iv1 and iv2. .......................................... 12</p>
            <p> 12. Endogynium narrow, tubular, with separate elliptic anterior part, ca. 90 μm long, extending nearly along the entire length of the epigynium....................................................................  T. borealis Ma &amp; Wang, 1996</p>
            <p>- Endogynium cross-shaped, shorter than epigynium length.................................................... 13</p>
            <p> 13. Podonotum and opisthonotum fused, setae j1 and z1 on podonotal shield; sternal setae st2 somewhat thicker and shorter than st1; endogynium with open arms, ca. 58 long, its length not exceeding half of the length of the epigynium................................................................................................  T. gerdi Witaliński, 1917</p>
            <p> - Podonotum and opisthonotum separate, setae j1 and z 1 in front of podonotal shield; sternal setae st2 clearly thicker and two times shorter than st1; endogynium with closed arms, ca. 95 long, posteriorly ending at st5 setae level.......................................................................................  T. pseudogerdi Yao, Jin &amp; Zhang, 2019</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C71F47FFD0FF9EDABCC2A7FA4AF91F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Farahi, Sara;Shishehbor, Parviz;Nemati, Alireza;Witaliński, Wojciech	Farahi, Sara, Shishehbor, Parviz, Nemati, Alireza, Witaliński, Wojciech (2019): Trachygamasus karuni sp. nov., a new mite species from Iran (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae). Zootaxa 4706 (3): 439-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.3.4
