identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C63657235C3C1DFC25EB2FFD1678EE.text	03C63657235C3C1DFC25EB2FFD1678EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xistrella Bolivar 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xistrella Bolívar, 1909</p>
            <p> Xistrella Bolívar, 1909:400 . Type species:  Xistrella dromadaria Bolívar, 1909 , by original monotypy. </p>
            <p> Xistrella: GÜNTHER (1939: 145) ; SHISHODIA (1991: 94); BLACKITH (1992: 198); OTTE (1997: 67); JIANG &amp; ZHENG (1998: 305); LIANG &amp; ZHENG (1998:105); WANG (1999: 200); ZHENG (2005:131); DENG et al.(2007: 122); STOROZHENKO (2014: 47); DENG (2016: 119). </p>
            <p>Redescription. General characters and coloration. Body generally moderately elongate, narrow and smooth. Colouration uniformly dark brown or yellow.</p>
            <p>Head not exerted or exerted above pronotal surface. In dorsal view, fastigium of vertex between eyes of variable width – either 1) narrower than or 2) equal to or 3) wider than width of compound eye; anterior margin of fastigium truncate, not surpassing anterior margin of eye; median carina of vertex visible anteriorly; fossulae slightly deep or not; lateral margins of vertex slightly raised above dorsal margin of eyes as horns or not. In frontal view, frontal costa bifurcated between compound eyes, just behind paired ocelli, scutellum (longitudinal furrow) either 1) narrower than or 2) equal to or 3) slightly wider than antennal groove (AG) diameter. In lateral view, frontal ridge concave and invisible between eyes, protruding anteriorly and broadly rounded between antennal grooves; lateral (paired) ocelli located from lowest third of compound eye height to between lower margins of eyes. Antennae long, filiform, antennal grooves (AG) inserted far below or slightly below inferior margin of compound eyes. Eyes globose.</p>
            <p> Pronotum smooth and finely granulated, in dorsal view AMP truncated, small FL1, FM; pronotal discus subulate posteriorly and extending beyond apex of hind femora; dorsum elevated behind shoulders like a hump or flat; pronotal MC of variable shape – either 1) MC of pronotum compresso-elevated, upper margin of pronotum in profile with one to two swellings anteriad of shoulders, MM1 like a hump and large, PM small (e.g.  X. stylata ,  X. motuoensis ,  X. hunanensis ,  X. dromadaria and  X. cliva ) or 2) MC of pronotum straight (e.g.  X. aruna ,  X. dohrni and  X. ophthalmica ) in profile. PML of pronotum with tegminal and ventral sinus, PML of pronotum produced outwards (e.g.  X. dubia ) or turned downwards (e.g.  X. dromadaria ), or obliquely truncate behind and right angled (VL). Tegmina long oval, apex round. Wings generally extending to apex of pronotal process. </p>
            <p>Legs. Fore and middle femora slightly compressed, margins finely serrated, with carinated and straight or undulated dorsal and ventral margins. Hind femora elongate, MC finely serrated; 1stTL and 3rdTL equal in length; all pulvilli of PT1 equal in length.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis.  Xistrella can be easily distinguished from other genera of the subfamily  Metrodorinae by a vertex not narrowly truncate in frontal view, depressed between the eyes, vertex horn drawn out or not; antennae clearly inserted below the inferior margin of eyes and considerably long; pronotum between the shoulders strongly elevated to an obtuse gibbosity or slightly elevated in the posterior part of shoulders. </p>
            <p> Xistrella Bolívar, 1909 is morphologically similar to the genera  Xistra Bolívar, 1887 and  Mazarredia Bolívar, 1887 , as well as to the genera  Paraphyllum Hancock, 1913 and  Bermania Storozhenko, 2012 . In  Xistra , the vertex horn is distinctly raised above the dorsal margin of eyes and the vertex is deeply depressed between eyes in frontal view; pronotum between the shoulders is not elevated to an obtuse gibbosity (in frontal view, the vertex horn slightly raised above the dorsal margin of eyes or not and the vertex slightly depressed or not depressed between eyes; pronotum between the shoulders generally strongly elevated to an obtuse gibbosity in  Xistrella ). In  Mazarredia , head is distinctly exerted above the pronotal surface; antennae short, antennal grooves inserted between the ventral margins of the compound eyes (head not exerted or a little exerted above the pronotal surface; antennae long, antennal groove inserted below the ventral margin of eye in  Xistrella ). In  Paraphyllum , pronotum has strongly raised median carina, usually with leaf-like depression; the anterior margin is produced over the head in profile (pronotum never evenly depressed in a leaf-like pattern, the anterior margin truncated and not produced over the posterior margin of the compound eyes in  Xistrella ). In  Bermania , pronotum has strongly angularly projecting FM in dorsal view; FM almost reaches the anterior edge of eyes (pronotum in dorsal view with truncated anterior margin; FM is not produced over the posterior edge of eyes). </p>
            <p>Species composition. There are 15 species distributed in the tropics and subtropics of China, India, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Malaysia, and the Philippines (Table 1) (CIGLIANO et al. 2019).</p>
            <p> Key to species of  Xistrella Bolívar, 1909</p>
            <p> The following identification key is based upon the keys of GÜNTHER (1939), SHISHODIA (1991), and DENG et al. (2007).  Xistrella emeiensis (Zheng, 1995) and  X. guandongensis (Liang, 1990) were described based on larvae; identity of both species is questionable and requires revision. Therefore, these two species are excluded from the identification key. </p>
            <p>1 Pronotum slightly elevated between or behind shoulders like hump, but not compresso-elevated. ............ 2</p>
            <p>– Pronotum flat; in profile upper margin of pronotum straight or undulate or compresso-elevated in form of hump between shoulders. ............................................ 3</p>
            <p> 2 Vertex as broad as eye; humeral angle obtusely produced; dorsum of pronotum smooth or finely granulose; pronotum slightly elevated between shoulders like hump. ............................  X. arorai Shishodia, 1991</p>
            <p> – Vertex slightly narrower than eye; humeral angle roundly produced; dorsum of pronotum granulose and rugulose; pronotum slightly elevated behind shoulders like hump. .................................................. ......................................  X. siangensis Shishodia, 1991</p>
            <p>3 In profile upper margin of pronotum straight (see http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1101091&amp;ImageID=151020). ................................................................... 4</p>
            <p>– In profile upper margin of pronotum undulate (Fig. 2C) or compresso-elevated in form of hump between shoulders (Figs 1 a‒d). ................................................... 8</p>
            <p> 4 Lateral margins of vertex elevated above upper margin of compound eye (see http://orthoptera.speciesfile. org/Common/basic/ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1101091&amp;ImageID=151018); promedial conspicuous. .................................  X. aruna Ingrisch, 2001</p>
            <p>– Lateral margins of vertex not elevated above level of upper margin of compound eye (see http://orthoptera. speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1101084&amp;ImageID=213619); promedial inconspicuous. ............................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5 Midfemur wider than tegmina, lower margins of middle femora undulate. ................................................ .....................................  X. javanensis (Günther, 1937)</p>
            <p>– Midfemur narrower than or equal in width to tegmina, lower margins of middle femora straight. .............. ........................................................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 6 Width of vertex equal to width of eye;width of scutellum narrower than diameter of antennal grooves (see http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1101085&amp;ImageID=230732). .............  X. ophthalmica (Bolívar, 1909)</p>
            <p>– Width of vertex narrower than width of eye; width of scutellum equal to diameter of antennal grooves (see http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1101089&amp;ImageID=230688). ................................................................... 7</p>
            <p> 7 Lateral margins of vertex reaching upper margin of eye; hind wings reaching apex of pronotal process. .... .........................  X. dohrni palawanica Günther, 1939</p>
            <p> – Lateral margins of vertex reaching middle of eye; hind wings far surpassing apex of pronotal process. ............ .................................  X. dohrni dohrni Günther, 1939</p>
            <p>8 In profile upper margin of pronotum undulate. ....... 9</p>
            <p>– In profile upper margin of pronotum compresso-elevated in form of a hump between shoulders. ......... 10</p>
            <p> 9 Upper margin of pronotum before shoulders with two swellings and undulate in profile, promedial and first metamedial are connected (Fig. 2C); antennae inserted far below inferior margin of eye (Figs 2C,H); lower margins of middle femora undulate. ............................. ..................  X. dubia (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893)</p>
            <p> – Upper margins of pronotum each with hump before shoulders and hind shoulders in profile, promedial and first metamedial are not connected (Fig. 4B); antennae inserted slightly below inferior margin of eye (Fig. 4C); lower margins of middle femora straight. ....................... ......................................  X. hainanensis Deng sp. nov.</p>
            <p> 10 Lateral margins of vertex slightly elevated above upper margin of compound eye; lower margins of fore and middle femora undulate. ..  X. stylata (Hancock, 1907)</p>
            <p>– Lateral margins of vertex not elevated above level of upper margin of compound eye; lower margins of fore and middle femora straight. ...................................... 11</p>
            <p>11 Vertex narrower than eye; median carina of pronotum compresso-elevated in form of triangular hump between shoulders (Figs 1 a‒b). ..................................... 12</p>
            <p>– Vertex as broad as eye; median carina of pronotum compresso-elevated in form of arched hump between shoulders (Figs 1 c‒d). ................................................ 13</p>
            <p> 12 VL right angle; width of basal part of hump equal to length of tegmina in profile. ............................................ ............................................  X. motuoensis (Yin, 1984)</p>
            <p> – VL obtuse-rounded; width of basal part of hump bigger than length of tegmina in profile. ............................ ...........................................  X. hunanensis Wang, 1999</p>
            <p> 13 Height of pronotal hump (first metamedial) smaller than width of tegmina; upper margin of pronotum between shoulders slightly arched elevated in profile. .... ..........................................  X. wuyishana Zheng, 1991</p>
            <p>– Height of pronotal hump (first metamedial) larger than or equal to width of tegmina; upper margin of pronotum between shoulders distinctly elevated in form of hump in profile. ............................................ 14</p>
            <p> 14 PM not distinct; height of pronotal hump (first metamedial) equal to width of tegmina. ................................ .......................................  X. dromadaria Bolívar, 1909</p>
            <p> ‒ PM distinct; height of pronotal hump (first metamedial) larger than width of tegmina. ..................................... .......................................................  X. cliva Zheng, 1991</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C63657235C3C1DFC25EB2FFD1678EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xin, Lei;Deng, Weian	Xin, Lei, Deng, Weian (2019): A new species and a new record of Xistrella from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (2): 453-462, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034
03C6365723593C1DFF6AEC3AFD877A58.text	03C6365723593C1DFF6AEC3AFD877A58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xistrella dubia (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xistrella dubia (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893)</p>
            <p>(Figs 2‒3)</p>
            <p> Xistra dubia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893: 108 ; KIRBY (1910: 27), KIRBY (1914: 56); HANCOCK (1915: 102). </p>
            <p> Xistrella dubia: GÜNTHER (1939: 150) ; OTTE (1997: 67). </p>
            <p>Material examined. P. R. CHINA: GUANGXI: 2 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Huanjiang (Mulun), 2013-VI-04 (EMHU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Rongshui (Yangmeiao), 2015- VIII-13 (EMHU). GUIZHOU: 1 ♁ 2 ♀♀, Libo (Banzhai), 2017-VII-22 (EMHU); 1 ♀, Libo (Maolan), 2015-VII-19 (EMHU).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6365723593C1DFF6AEC3AFD877A58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xin, Lei;Deng, Weian	Xin, Lei, Deng, Weian (2019): A new species and a new record of Xistrella from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (2): 453-462, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034
03C63657235B3C1FFED5EDE1FC4B713D.text	03C63657235B3C1FFED5EDE1FC4B713D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xistrella hainanensis Xin & Deng 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xistrella hainanensis Deng ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4)</p>
            <p> Type material.   HOLOTYPE: ♀, P. R. CHINA: HAINAN:  Changjiang , 13 November 1964, collected by Ji-Cai LI (BMSYU)  . PARATYPES. P. R. CHINA: HAINAN: 1 ♀, same data, type locality (BMSYU); 2 ♀♀, Lingshui, 29 December 1963, collected by Ji-Cai LI (BMSYU). </p>
            <p>Description. Female. Medium or small size, slender.</p>
            <p>Head slightly exerted above pronotal surface. Fastigium of vertex between eyes 1.8 times width of eye in dorsal view, anterior margin of fastigium truncate, not surpassing anterior margin of eye; MC of vertex visible anteriorly; fossula deep; lateral margins elevated up to level of upper margin of compound eye as horns, scutellum narrower than diameter of antennal groove (AG). In lateral view, frontal costa concave and invisible between eyes, protruded anteriorly and broadly rounded between AG; lateral ocelli located between lowest thirds of inner anterior margins of eyes.Antennae long, filiform, inserted slightly below inferior margin of eye, upper margin of AG at level of lower margin of compound eye; 14-segmented; MAL about 7–8 times longer than MAW. Eyes globose, slightly exerted above pronotal surface.</p>
            <p>Pronotum very long (macropronotal state), surpassing abdominal apex and extending up to apex of hind tibia. Pronotum smooth, finely granulated; in dorsal view anterior margin truncate; MC entire; subulate posteriorly; in profile, upper margin of pronotum with two humps: one before shoulders and the other one before hind shoulders, PM and MM1 not connected, then straight; PC slightly constricted backwards, HA arched; interhumeral carinae short and parallel. PML of pronotum with tegminal and ventral sinus, PML of pronotum produced outwards, with truncated apex. Tegmina elongate oval, apex round. Hind wings slightly surpassing apex of PP.</p>
            <p>Legs. Fore and middle femora compressed and wide. Upper and lower carinae of fore and middle femora straight; middle femur narrower than tegmina. Hind femur stout, length 3.3 times its width; margins finely serrated, AT and GT in right angle. Outer side of hind tibia with six to seven ST and inner side with four to five ST. 1stTL longer than 3rdTL, three pulvilli of PT1 equal in length, apex obtuse.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Ovipositor narrow and long, length of upper valvulae four times their width, upper and lower valvulae with slender saw-like teeth. SGPL equal to SGPW, middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate triangularly projecting.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Body dark brown. Hind wing and hind femur dark brown. Hind tibia dark brown.</p>
            <p>Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Measurements (mm). Length of body: 11.1–11.3; length of pronotum 14.5–14.7; length of hind femur 6.5–6.8.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis.  Xistrella hainanensis can be easily distinguished from other species of the genus by upper margin of pronotum with a hump both anteriad and posteriad of shoulders; PM and MM1 are not connected. The species appears to be related to  X. dubia , but is easily distinguished by morphological characters shown in Table 2. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species was named after the type locality, Hainan, China; adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Hainan) (Fig.5).</p>
            <p> Note.  Xistrella hainanensis Deng was proposed in DENG’ s (2016) PhD Dissertation, which has not been published according to the criteria of availability (ICZN 1999: Art. 8.1). The name  X. hainanensis Deng is made available in this paper. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C63657235B3C1FFED5EDE1FC4B713D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xin, Lei;Deng, Weian	Xin, Lei, Deng, Weian (2019): A new species and a new record of Xistrella from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (2): 453-462, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0034
