Eretmobrycon, FINK, 1976

ERETMOBRYCON FINK, 1976

Type species: Eretmobrycon bayano Fink, 1976 .

New combination: Eretmobrycon festae ( Boulenger, 1898) comb. nov.

Diagnosis: Eretmobrycon is recognizable by having four teeth in the inner premaxillary row, iii+9 dorsal-fin rays supported by ten pterygiophores, only one row of scales covering up to half the anal-fin base* and scales covering only the base of the caudal fin*. Eretmobrycon was supported in the phylogenetic analysis only by molecular data (44 synapomorphies) given that the characters (marked above with an asterisk) distinguishing it from Markiana Eigenmann, 1903 , its sister-group, were optimized as plesiomorphies for Stevardiinae .

S y n a p o m o r p h i e s: T h e E r e t m o b r y c o n i n i a r e supported by 25 molecular and seven morphological and molecular data; taxa in blue from several DNA markers plus some morphological characters coded from literature; taxa in red from just one DNA marker (COI) plus some morphological characters coded from literature; and taxa in green analysed only from morphological data. The expression ‘best searches’ refers to the calculations of overall parsimony explained in the text.

synapomorphies: absence of a bony rhinosphenoid (34:0), a long sphenotic spine that reaches the dorsal margin of hyomandibula (47:1), the sixth infraorbital almost completely covering the dilatator fossa (94:0), tubule for passage of blood vessels on lamellar maxillary portion with an anterior branch (142:1), ventral margin of posttemporal situated more posterior than lateral margin of epioccipital (336:1), three unbranched dorsal-fin rays articulating with first dorsal-fin pterygiophore (404:1) and two pairs of uroneurals (427:1).

‘ Astyanax ’ festae View in CoL was consistently recovered within the Eretmobrycon clade, even though its relationships were herein analysed only using COI data. This species has four teeth in the inner premaxillary row ( Eigenmann, 1917), which is typical in Stevardiinae . Eretmobrycon festae was recovered as the sister-group of E. brevirostris ( Günther, 1860) . Eigenmann (1917) already noticed a close resemblance between these species (see Discussion). Herein we transfer A. festae to Eretmobrycon , which has been implicitly resurrected by Thomaz et al. (2015), but without providing a diagnosis of the genus.

STETHAPRIONINAE: PROBOLODINI