Gymnocharacinus, Steindachner, 1903

GYMNOCHARACINUS View in CoL CLADE

Composition: This clade includes Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903 and ‘ Astyanax ’ brucutu Zanata et al., 2017 . It is most probably an artefact resulting from the highly divergent morphology of both species and/or the lack of molecular data for A. brucutu . The latter species oscillated in the different analyses between this clade and the Psalidodon clade (see below), being the last option more plausible from a biogeographical point of view. No analysis recovered Astyanax brucutu as part of the containing the type of Astyanax , and we leave it as incertae sedis in Gymnocharacini. This clade is supported by three morphological synapomorphies: the presence of four teeth in the inner premaxillary row (181:1), the possession of eight or fewer dentary teeth (198:0) and cartilage from the first epibranchial attached to the middle region of the second pharyngobranchial (278:0).