Ponerinae

Key to the Japanese genera of Ponerinae View in CoL based on the queen caste

1 Mandibles very long and linear, without differentiation of masticatory and basal margins; their bases located close to each other ( Figs 6B, F View Fig ). Outer margin of head with indentations in front of and behind eye (with distinct ocular prominences) ( Figs 2B, F View Fig , 6B, F View Fig ). ........... 2

– Mandibles short, generally triangular with masticatory and basal margins well defined; their bases generally widely separated. Head in full-face view with nearly parallel to shallowly convex outer margins, without lateral indentations (without ocular prominence) ( Figs 6A, C–E View Fig , 7A–E View Fig ). ....................................................... 3

2 Body smaller than 5 mm. Petiole subsquamiform ( Fig. 2B View Fig ). Midtibia apicoventrally without spur; hindtibia with pectinate spur only. ......... Anochetus Mayr, 1861 View in CoL

– Body larger than 8 mm. Petiolar node apex pointed ( Fig. 2F View Fig ). Both mid- and hindtibiae with long pectinate spur and shorter simple spur apicoventrally. .............. .................................... Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 View in CoL

3 Petiole posterodorsally with pair of posteriorly directed spines ( Fig. 3B View Fig ). Head and mesosoma extensively covered with deep rugae. ........ Diacamma Mayr, 1862 View in CoL

– Petiole without such spines. Head and mesosoma smooth to variously sculptured, never extensively covered with deep rugae. ........................................... 4

4 Mid- and hindtibiae apicoventrally with simple spur and longer pectinate spur. .......................................... 5

– Mid- and hindtibiae apicoventrally with pectinate spur only. ........................................................................... 9

5 Clypeus triangularly produced anteriad ( Fig. 6E View Fig ). Pretarsal claws pectinate. Wings absent. ................... ............................................... Leptogenys Roger, 1861 View in CoL

– Clypeus not distinctly produced anteriad; anterior margin straight or shallowly concave to convex. Pretarsal claws simple. Wings or wing bases present. ............. 6

6 Eye very close to or almost touching posterior margin of clypeus and anterior rim of cranium ( Figs 3D View Fig , 7D View Fig ). Subpetiolar process with anterior fenestra. ................... ..................... Parvaponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014 View in CoL

– Distance between anterior cranial rim and eye longer, at least as long as width of antennal pedicel ( Fig. 2C View Fig ), generally as long as or longer than half eye width ( Figs 2D View Fig , 3C View Fig ). Subpetiolar process lacking both anterior fenestra and paired posterior teeth. ........................... 7

7 Mandible without basal pit. Both anterior and posteri- or faces of petiole coarsely and transversely rugose. ... ........................................ Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867 View in CoL

– Mandible with basal pit. Anterior and posterior faces of petiole smooth, or shallowly or finely punctate. ........ 8

8 Mesopleuron extensively smooth. Sternite of petiole posteroventrally forming thin projection, with space between it and petiolar tergite. Suture between metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum more or less distinct. ........................... Brachyponera Emery, 1900 View in CoL

– Mesopleuron entirely sculptured. Venter of petiolar sternite without such posterior extension. Metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum completely fused. ..... ................................................. Euponera Forel, 1891 View in CoL

9 Midtibia with strong bristles on outer surface. Mandible with basal pit. ……....… Cryptopone Emery, 1893 View in CoL

– Midtibia without such strong bristles. Mandible without basal pit. …........................................……. 10

10 Subpetiolar process with anterior fenestra, generally also with paired posterior teeth. ........................................ Ponera Latreille, 1804 View in CoL

– Subpetiolar process without anterior fenestra and paired posterior teeth. …. Hypoponera Santschi, 1938 View in CoL