Data, Walker, 1862

Data View in CoL analysis

Body mass and tarsus length were selected to fit the growth and development curves of the nestlings. Hatching success, fledging success and breeding success provided measures of reproductive outcomes. Hatching success was defined as the proportion of eggs that hatched; fledging success was defined as the proportion of successfully hatched nestlings that fledged; and the breeding success rate was defined as the proportion of nests that produced at least one fledgling ( Liang et al. 2020).

Spearman’s correlation was used to examine the correlation between nest temperature and egg-turning frequency. Egg-turning frequency is defined as the number of times egg-turning behaviour occurs within 1 h. Egg-turning behaviour refers to the act of a bird using its beak or feet to peck and move the eggs within the nest at intervals during incubation ( Zheng 2012). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect differences. Logistic regression was used to fit nestling growth curves. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data analysis and graph production were performed using R Studio 4.1.1. In order not to destroy the natural nest, detailed information on egg size, egg mass, nestlings’ physical data, incubation behaviour and nestling brooding were obtained only from the nest-box nest.