Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart. — Plate, 1841

147. Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart. — Plate View in CoL 7d–f; Map 32

Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart. (1841) View in CoL 38; R.E.Fr. (1939) 461, f. 22a, b. — Cananga schomburgkiana (Mart.) Baill. (1868a) View in CoL 204. — Guatteria guianensis Klotzsch (1849) View in CoL 1163,nom.nud. — Guatteria vestita Klotzsch (1849) View in CoL 979, nom. nud. — Guatteria vestita Klotzsch var. angustifolia Klotzsch (1849) View in CoL 979, nom. nud. — Guatteria vestita Klotzsch var. latifolia Klotzsch (1849) View in CoL 979, nom. nud. — Type: M.R. Schomburgk 993 (lecto B, selected by Scharf in Maas et al. 2011; isolecto B, BM, FI, G 3 sheets,NY, P), Guyana, without location.

Annona hostmannii Steud. (1843) 754. — Type: Hostmann & Kappler 1221 (holo P; iso B, BM, C, F, G 3 sheets,K, MO,NY, P, S, U, US,W), Suriname, Para District. — Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart.var. angustifolia Klotzsch ex R.E.Fr. (1900) View in CoL 17. — Type: M.R. Schomburgk 1716 (holo B 2 sheets), Guyana, Comaka, Demerara River , Mar. 1848.

Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart. var. latifolia Klotzsch ex R.E.Fr. (1900) 17. — Type: M.R. Schomburgk 1334 (holo B 4 sheets), Guyana, without loca- tion, Aug. 1843.

Guatteria sessilis R.E.Fr. (1900) 17, t. 2, f. 6–8. — Type: Spruce 2661 (holo C; iso B, BR, F, G 2 sheets, K, NY, P, W), Brazil, Amazonas , Rio Uaupés, Ipanoré (‘Panuré’), Oct. 1852.

Guatteria schomburgkiana Mart.var. holosericea R.E.Fr.(1938) 709. — Type: Klug 2259 (holo S;iso F,G, K, MO,S), Peru, Loreto, Florida, Río Putumayo, near mouth of Río Zubineta , May–July 1931.

Guatteria sandwithii R.E.Fr. (1939) 466. — Type: Sandwith 1578 (holo K 3 sheets;iso B, BM,F, G, NY,P, U, US), Guyana, Mazaruni Station , 3 Sept. 1937.

Guatteria spruceana R.E.Fr. (1939) 469, f. 23e. — Type: Spruce 3698 (holo K; iso BR 2 sheets, P), Venezuela, Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro , Oct. 1854.

Guatteria flavovirens R.E.Fr. (1948b) 10,pl. 4b–d. Type: Tamayo 3151 (holo US), Venezuela, Bolívar, Gran Sabana, Río Uarí , Mar. 1946.

Tree or shrub 2–30 m tall, 3–50 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with erect hairs, finally glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2 –10 mm long, 1–2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic,narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 4–22 by 2–6 cm (leaf index 2.5–5), coriaceous, not verruculose,shiny or dull above, greyish, greyish black to dark brown above, pale brown to brown below, sparsely covered with appressed hairs when young, soon glabrous, densely covered with appressed or sometimes erect hairs below, base acute, obtuse, or attenuate, apex acuminate (acu- men 5–25 mm long) to acute, primary vein impressed to flat above, secondary veins distinct, 8–13 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised to flat above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins slightly raised to flat above, reticulate. Flowers in 1(–2)-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or on leafless branchlets; flowering pedicels 2–10 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 3 mm diam, densely to sparsely covered with more or less erect, pale brown hairs, becoming glabrous in fruit, articulated at 0.3–0.7 from the base, bracts 5–7, soon falling, basal bracts very broadly elliptic to circular, 2–3 mm long, upper one broadly elliptic, c. 5 mm long; flower buds depressed ovoid; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 2 – 5 by 2– 5 mm, appressed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals green, yellow, or reddish in vivo, narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 10–30 by 4–8 mm, outer side densely to rather densely cov- ered with appressed hairs; stamens c. 1 mm long, connective shield densely hairy. Monocarps 5 –20, green, maturing black in vivo, brown to black in sicco, ellipsoid to globose, 6–13 by 5–8 mm, sparsely covered with appressed, brown hairs when very young, soon glabrous, apex rounded to apiculate (apiculum c. 0.5 mm long), wall 0.1–0.2 mm thick, stipes 0–3 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seed ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, or subglobose, 5–8 by 5–6 mm, brown to black, smooth, raphe slightly raised.

Distribution — Colombia (Guainía, Meta, Vaupés, Vichada), Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Tachira), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rondônia, Roraima), Peru (Loreto), Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz).

Habitat & Ecology — In savanna-like vegetations (cerrado, campina, caatinga, campinarana), non-inundated, primary or secondary forest, or periodically inundated forest, often on white sandy soil. At elevations of 0–1000 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Embira-vermelha (O.T. Moura 67), Envira-preta (Milliken 816), Imbira (M.A. Sousa et al. 1046), Invira (Krukoff 6837, J.M. Pires 51684). French Guiana: Mamayawé (Creole name). Guyana: Arara (Tutin 58), Arara, small kind (Tutin 31), Black maho (Van Andel et al. 2312), Black Yarri-Yarri (Van Andel et al. 2268), Smooth skin arara (Raes et al. 38). Suriname: Araraballi (Arawak name), Aremenango (Carib name), Aremenango wéwé (Carib name), Baakakungè (Saramaccan name), Boszuurzak (Surinamese name), Busis- unsaka (Sranang name), Jane-jane (LBB 13272), Krukurutitei (Sranang name), Kurihi koyoko (Arawak name), Koelihi koejeko firiberoe (Arawak name), (Stahel, Woodherbarium Suriname 254), Kurihi koyoko karau bandikoro (Arawak name), Kwingé (Saramaccan name), Mayoballi wadilikoro (Arawak name), Panta (Lindeman 5795, 5892), Payuriran (Carib name), Payuri-rang (Carib name), Pegrekoe (Sranang name) (LBB 11211), Pegrekoe-pisie (Sranang name) (LBB 12126), Peka (Saramac- can name), Pêpëêëpe uwii (Saramaccan name), Pêpëkusátu (Saramaccan name), Pepe wiri (Sranang name) (Van Andel & Waterberg 5622), Peprewiwiri (Sranang name), Savannepedreku (Sranang name), (LBB 9817, 11073), Yaroyaro (Carib name). Venezuela: Anoncillo (Aymard 6035), Majagua anon (Liesner 6071), Majagua blanca (Ll. Williams 14554), Majagua negra (Aymard 8994), Majagua negra de altura (Ll. Williams 14645), Majagua verde (Velazco 629, 1427), Majagüillo (Breteler 4691).

Notes — Guatteria schomburgkiana together with G. citriodora , G. duckeana and G. stipitata forms part of the G. schomburgkiana complex, see Table 4 (p. 59). This group, placed by Fries (1939) in sect. Cephalocarpus which originally consisted

Map 32 Distribution of Guatteria schomburgkiana (●), G. sessilicarpa (£), G. slateri (■), G. spectabilis (✸), G. stenocarpa (u) and G. stenopetala (P).

of eight species, has as its main features short-pedicelled flowers and sessile to very shortly stipitate monocarps. The densely hairy connective shield also is a distinctive feature of this group (vs papillate or glabrous in most Guatteria species).

Guatteria schomburgkiana is widely distributed throughout tropical South America, and, in contrast to the other three species, is often found in savanna-like vegetations on white sandy soils. It differs from the other three species by an indument of appressed hairs on the lower side of the lamina. Most hairs are colourless, but a few hairs with brown cell content (as in the closely related G. citriodora ) may be spotted among the other hairs. The leaf base mainly varies from acute to obtuse, but attenuate bases are also met with (mainly in Bolivian material). Chanderbali & Gopaul 46 (WAG) from Guyana doubtfully be- longs here as it is aberrant in having very narrow and elongate, almost linear petals of 15–25 by 3–4 mm and also by the erect, very short hairs. However, the hairy connective shield perfectly matchers that of G. schomburgkiana .

Contrary to what is normally seen in this species, a number of gatherings of G. schomburgkiana have erect rather than appressed hairs on the lower leaf side, or at least so on the primary vein. This is the case, among others, with populations in the Brazilian state of Paraíba. Otherwise these specimens match well with the species in general. This should merit further investigation.